CN102803239A - 具有膀胱排尿肌收缩活性和尿道括约肌舒张活性的化合物 - Google Patents
具有膀胱排尿肌收缩活性和尿道括约肌舒张活性的化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102803239A CN102803239A CN2010800354237A CN201080035423A CN102803239A CN 102803239 A CN102803239 A CN 102803239A CN 2010800354237 A CN2010800354237 A CN 2010800354237A CN 201080035423 A CN201080035423 A CN 201080035423A CN 102803239 A CN102803239 A CN 102803239A
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Classifications
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Abstract
式(I)所示的化合物(其中所有符号与说明书中给出的定义相同)、或其盐、或其溶剂合物,或它们的前药,或与其非对映异构体的任意比例的混合物,或其环糊精包合物,均具有膀胱排尿肌收缩活性和尿道括约肌舒张活性,由此可改善膀胱收缩障碍和/或尿道舒张障碍,且对例如膀胱活动不足有效。此外,本发明化合物对泌尿系统、循环系统和消化系统的副作用风险低,而且,口服吸收度等药代动力学优异。综上,本发明的化合物可用作预防、治疗和/或改善膀胱活动不足的极为优良的药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有膀胱排尿肌收缩活性和尿道括约肌舒张活性的式(1)所示的化合物、或其盐、或其溶剂合物,或它们的前药,或与其非对映异构体的任意比例的混合物,或其环糊精包合物(下文中,将式(I)所示的化合物、其盐、其溶剂合物、或它们的前药、或与其非对映异构体的任意比例的混合物,或其环糊精包合物简称作“本发明的化合物”),
其中所有符号具有如下所定义的相同含义。本发明还涉及包含本发明的化合物作为活性成分的药物组合物。
背景技术
关于由排尿收缩不足导致的膀胱不能排空(不完全膀胱排空)的症状,近年来提倡“膀胱活动不足”的新概念。
膀胱活动不足是由膀胱收缩障碍-即膀胱排尿肌收缩性下降(排尿肌活动不足)的临床症状、或尿道舒张障碍(下泌尿道通过障碍)-即尿道括约肌舒张不充分的临床症状,和膀胱收缩障碍合并引起的。根据病因,其可分类为神经性膀胱活动不足,肌原性膀胱活动不足,药物引起的膀胱活动不足,与年龄相关的膀胱活动不足和其它因素引起的膀胱活动不足(例如由于下尿路梗阻、感染和应激等引起的膀胱活动不足)。
以神经性膀胱活动不足为成因的疾病有:外周神经疾病,例如糖尿病、椎间盘突出、椎管狭窄症、格-巴二氏综合征和带状疱疹引起的末梢神经炎;脊髓病症,例如核上型脊髓损伤、脊髓瘤、颈椎病、脊髓血管病、脊柱裂、脊髓脊膜突出和脊髓栓系综合征;和脑病,例如痴呆、脑血管疾病、帕金森症、脊髓小脑变性、橄榄体脑桥小脑萎缩(OPCA)、夏-德综合征、脑肿瘤、多发性硬化症、脑外伤和脑炎等。在一些情况下,对骨盆脏器进行手术(子宫癌或直肠癌)引发的对调节排尿功能的骨盆神经、腹下神经或阴部神经产生的外科手术损伤也会导致膀胱活动不足。
肌原性膀胱活动不足大多是由原因不明的膀胱排尿肌活动下降而引起。
药物引起的膀胱活动不足的实例包括抗胆碱能药、抑制乙酰胆碱释放的药物等引发的膀胱活动不足。
此外,老年人通常因膀胱活动下降而出现排尿困难,因此与年龄相关的膀胱活动不足成为老龄化社会的重要问题之一。
其它导致膀胱活动不足的实例包括:前列腺增生、膀胱颈硬化或子宫脱垂造成的下尿路梗阻;感染例如膀胱炎和尿道炎;和应激(见非专利文献1、2和3)。
对于膀胱活动不足的治疗,目前使用增强膀胱排尿肌收缩性的药物、或舒张尿道括约肌以减少尿道阻力的药物。例如将氯贝胆碱等拟胆碱药物和地斯的明等乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂用作增强膀胱排尿肌收缩性的药物。然而,氯贝胆碱也会使储尿期的膀胱排尿肌收缩,对膀胱的储尿功能造成损伤,且同时存在副作用,例如流泪、发汗、胃肠障碍、腹痛等。因此,其对于孕妇和消化性溃疡、器质性肠道梗阻、哮喘、甲状腺机能亢进等疾病的患者是禁忌的。目前已使用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂,例如地斯的明和新斯的明。由于乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂增强了在排尿时从骨盆神经末梢释放的乙酰胆碱的活性,以增强膀胱排尿肌在排尿时的收缩,因此在考虑到排尿的生理机能时,乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂被认为是优异的药物。然而,地斯的明使膀胱排尿肌收缩的同时,也因其强效的烟碱样作用而导致尿道括约肌收缩而增加尿道阻力,其排尿效率不佳且临床效果不充分。此外,也有报道其高压排尿的风险(见非专利文献4)。
已使用舒张尿道括约肌、降低尿道阻力的药物,例如α1受体拮抗剂,如坦洛新,哌唑嗪,阿夫唑嗪,萘哌地尔,乌拉地尔等,并且据报道它们对于改善残尿感和夜尿症等主观症状有效。然而,由于存在直立性低血压等降压作用的副作用,将其给药时应谨慎。此外,并没有报道显示其对于膀胱活动不足具有令人满意的效果。
换言之,目前使用的治疗膀胱活动不足的药物在疗效和安全性方面并不能达到临床满意度。
另一方面,专利文献1公开了改善马尾神经组织中的血流的化合物,如式(A)所示:
其中环AA表示任选含有1至3个选自氮原子、氧原子和硫原子的杂原子且任选具有取代基的5-或6-元环状基团,XA和YA各自独立地表示氮原子或碳原子,DA表示任选具有取代基的烃基,EA表示键、氧原子或任选被氧化的硫原子,GA表示键、任选具有取代基的烃基或任选具有取代基的杂环基团,JA表示任选被保护的酸性基团且WA表示任选具有取代基的烃基。此外,公开了式(A)所示的化合物对于马尾神经压迫引起的膀胱疾病有效(见专利文献1)。
此外,公开了具有神经再生或保护作用的化合物,如式(B)所示:
其中E1B表示氧原子或任选被氧化的硫原子,RB表示氢原子或C1-C8脂肪族烃基,R1B表示氢原子或C1-C4脂肪族烃基,且R2B表示任选具有取代基的烃基(见专利文献2)。
目前为止,本发明的化合物从未公开于任何文献中。
此外,没有任何关于以下的公开或教导:本发明的化合物作用于膀胱排尿肌和尿道括约肌,以加强膀胱排尿肌的收缩性且使尿道括约肌舒张;能够通过这两种活性改善膀胱收缩障碍或尿道舒张障碍;并且针对肌原性、药物引起的、与年龄相关的膀胱活动不足等显示出效果。此外,没有任何关于以下的公开或教导:本发明的化合物对于泌尿系统、循环系统和消化系统的副作用风险极低;且具有优异的药代动力学,如口服吸收、代谢稳定性以及药效持续性等。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开第WO 2005/053707号小册子
专利文献2:国际公开第WO 2006/129788号小册子。
非专利文献
非专利文献1:Nursing Standard,2005May 11-17;19(35):57-64;quiz66-7。
非专利文献2:Practice of Intractable·Chronic Dysuria,Urology View,vol.2(5),pp 57-65,2004。
非专利文献3:The standardization of terminology in functions of lowerurinary tract:report from the International Continence Society(ICS)Standardization Steering Committee,Journal of The Japan Neurogenic BladderSociety,vol.14(2),pp 104-118,issued on December 20,2003。
非专利文献4:Diagnosis and Therapy of Neurogenic Bladder,2nd Ed.,pp.105-106,pp.139,Igaku-Shoin Ltd.(1990)。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题
由于已用于治疗膀胱活动不足的拟胆碱药物、乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂和α1受体拮抗剂的作用机理仅具有加强膀胱排尿肌收缩性的活性或仅具有舒张尿道括约肌的活性,因此它们在临床应用方面的效果不足。另外,由于药物作用于自主神经系统,已指出在膀胱以外的器官中出现了副作用。
在这种情况下,需要作用于和排尿相关的平滑肌、特别是膀胱排尿肌和尿道括约肌的药物,使膀胱收缩且尿道舒张,以达到高效排尿的效果。
由于膀胱活动不足等慢性疾病需要长期给药,考虑到患者的安全性和方便性,需要副作用风险低并且可口服给药的治疗药物。
解决问题的方法
本发明人经过深入研究,结果发现:本发明的化合物作用于两种平滑肌即膀胱排尿肌和尿道平滑肌,表现出增强膀胱排尿肌的收缩和舒张尿道括约肌这两种惊人的活性,并且作为强效的膀胱活动不足治疗药物,可供改善膀胱收缩障碍和尿道舒张障碍。本发明人还发现,本发明的化合物对于泌尿系统、循环系统和消化系统副作用风险小;且具有优异的药代动力学,包括口服吸收、代谢稳定性和药效持续性等,从而完成了本发明。
即本发明涉及:
1.式(I)所示的化合物、或其盐、或其溶剂合物,或它们的前药,或与其非对映异构体的任意比例的混合物,或其环糊精包合物,
2.上述1的化合物,其中,式(I)所示的化合物为
(1)2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸,
(2)2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸,或
(3)2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4R)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸;
3.上述1的任意比例的混合物,其中,式(I)所示的化合物为2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸,且该非对映异构体为2-[(2-{(1S,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸;
4.药物组合物,其包含式(I)所示的化合物、或其盐、或其溶剂合物,或它们的前药,或与其非对映异构体的任意比例的混合物,或其环糊精包合物作为活性成分,
其中所有符号具有如上述1所定义的相同含义;
5.上述4的药物组合物,其为收缩膀胱排尿肌和舒张尿道括约肌的药物;
6.上述5的药物组合物,其为预防、治疗和/或改善膀胱收缩障碍和/或尿道舒张障碍的药物;
7.上述6的药物组合物,其中,所述膀胱收缩障碍和/或尿道舒张障碍为膀胱活动不足;
8.药物,其包含式(I)所示的化合物、或其盐、或其溶剂合物,或它们的前药,或与其非对映异构体的任意比例的混合物,或其环糊精包合物,和至少一种选自α1受体拮抗剂和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂的组合,
其中所有符号具有如上述1所定义的相同含义;
9.收缩膀胱排尿肌和舒张尿道括约肌的方法,其包括将有效量的式(I)所示的化合物、或其盐、其溶剂合物,或它们的前药,或与其非对映异构体的任意比例的混合物,或其环糊精包合物,给药于哺乳动物,
其中所有符号具有如上述1所定义的相同含义;
10.预防、治疗和/或改善膀胱收缩障碍和/或尿道舒张障碍的方法,其包括将有效量的式(I)所示的化合物、或其盐、其溶剂合物,或它们的前药,或与其非对映异构体的任意比例的混合物,或其环糊精包合物,给药于哺乳动物,
其中所有符号具有如上述1所定义的相同含义;
11.式(I)所示的化合物、或其盐、其溶剂合物,或它们的前药,或与其非对映异构体的任意比例的混合物,或其环糊精包合物,在制备膀胱排尿肌收缩剂和尿道括约肌舒张剂中的用途,
其中所有符号具有如上述1所定义的相同含义;
12.式(I)所示的化合物、或其盐、其溶剂合物,或它们的前药,或与其非对映异构体的任意比例的混合物,或其环糊精包合物,在制备预防、治疗和/或改善膀胱收缩障碍和/或尿道舒张障碍的药物中的用途,
其中所有符号具有如上述1所定义的相同含义;
13.式(I)所示的化合物、或其盐、其溶剂合物,或它们的前药,或与其非对映异构体的任意比例的混合物,或其环糊精包合物,其用于收缩膀胱排尿肌和舒张尿道括约肌,
其中所有符号具有如上述1所定义的相同含义;和
14.式(I)所示的化合物、或其盐、其溶剂合物,或它们的前药,或与其非对映异构体的任意比例的混合物,或其环糊精包合物,其用于预防、治疗和/或改善膀胱收缩障碍和/或尿道舒张障碍,
其中所有符号具有如上述1所定义的相同含义。
发明效果
本发明的化合物具有膀胱排尿肌收缩活性和尿道括约肌舒张活性。因此,本发明的化合物可用于改善膀胱收缩障碍和/或尿道舒张障碍。从而作为有效预防和/或治疗膀胱活动不足的药物。此外,本发明的化合物作为有效改善与膀胱活动不足的多种症状的药物。
此外,本发明的化合物对泌尿系统的副作用风险低。例如本发明的化合物在有效剂量未显示出例如对泌尿系统疾病患者构成高风险的膀胱容量减少等的蓄尿症状。
再者,由于本发明的化合物在有效剂量甚至高剂量给药时对血压和心率改变甚微,对于例如高血压等的循环系统疾病患者的副作用风险低。因此,本发明的化合物对心脏功能影响很小。
另外,本发明的化合物在有效剂量给药时对消化系统未表现出例如腹泻等消化症状的副作用。
本发明的化合物为膜通透性良好且口服吸收性优良的药物。
本发明的化合物对于肝代谢稳定,且全身清除率低,因此,本发明的化合物可发挥持续的药效。
如上所述,本发明的化合物为排尿效果强、安全性高且药代动力学优异的化合物。
附图简要说明
图1表示本发明的化合物在膀胱活动不足模型中对残余尿量(上图)和膀胱容量(下图)的作用。
图2表示对比化合物在膀胱活动不足模型中对残余尿量(上图)和膀胱容量(下图)的作用。
图3表示本发明的化合物和对比化合物在正常大鼠中对血压的作用。
图4表示本发明的化合物和对比化合物在正常大鼠中对心率的作用。
图5表示本发明的化合物在高血压大鼠中对血压的作用。
图6表示对比化合物在高血压大鼠中对血压的作用。
图7表示给予短尾猴本发明的化合物(上图)和对比化合物(下图)时的心脏作功量。
图8表示给予短尾猴本发明的化合物(上图)和对比化合物(下图)时的二重积(double products)。
发明的具体实施方式
本发明涉及式(I)所示的化合物、或其盐、其溶剂合物,或它们的前药,或与其非对映异构体的任意比例的混合物,或其环糊精包合物,
其中所有符号具有如上所定义的相同含义;还涉及包含本发明的化合物作为活性成分的药物组合物。
作为本发明的化合物,优选
(1)2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸,
(2)2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸,或
(3)优选2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4R)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸。具体地,优选实施例17记载的2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸(化合物17)。
作为盐、优选水溶性盐。适宜的盐的实例包括碱金属盐(例如钾、钠等的盐),碱土金属盐(例如钾、镁等的盐),铵盐,药学上可接受的有机胺的盐(例如四甲基铵、三乙胺、甲基胺、二甲基胺、环戊基胺、苄基胺、苯乙基胺、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三(羟基甲基)氨基甲烷、赖氨酸、精氨酸和N-甲基-D-葡萄糖胺等的盐)和酸加成盐。
酸加成盐优选为水溶性盐。适宜的酸加成盐的实例包括无机酸盐,例如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐和硝酸盐;和有机酸盐,例如乙酸盐、乳酸盐、酒石酸盐、苯甲酸盐、柠檬酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、羟乙基磺酸盐、葡萄糖醛酸盐和葡糖酸盐。
式(I)所示的化合物及其盐还可通过任何合适的方法转化为相应的溶剂合物。
优选溶剂合物为低毒性和水溶性的。合适的溶剂合物可以列举例如水和醇(例如乙醇等)的溶剂合物。
式(I)所示的化合物、其盐、或其溶剂合物的前药,是指在体内通过酶或胃酸等反应转化为式(I)所示的化合物、其盐或其溶剂合物的化合物。式(I)所示的化合物、其盐、或其溶剂合物的前药可列举如下:例如式(I)所示的化合物的羟基被酰基化、烷基化、磷酰化或硼酰化的化合物(例如式(I)所示的化合物的羟基被乙酰化、棕榈酰化、丙酰化、特戊酰化、琥珀酰化、富马酰化或丙氨酰化、二甲基氨基甲基羰基化的化合物);或式(I)所示的化合物的羧基被酯化或酰胺化的化合物(例如式(I)所示的化合物的羧基被甲酯化、乙酯化、丙酯化、异丙酯化、丁酯化、异丁酯化、叔丁酯化、苯酯化、羧甲基酯化、二甲基氨基甲基酯化、特戊酰氧基甲基酯化、1-{(乙氧基羰基)氧基}乙基酯化、酞基酯化、(5-甲基-2-氧代-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-4-基)甲基酯化、1-{[(环己基氧基)羰基]氧基}乙基酯化或甲基酰胺化的化合物)。这些化合物可用本领域公知的方法制备。此外,式(I)所示化合物的前药可为溶剂合物或非溶剂合物形式。式(I)所示的化合物的前药可在生理条件下转化为式(I)所示的化合物,如以下文献所公开:“Development of Medicines”,Vol.7,“Molecular Design”,pp.163-198,HirokawaShoten 1990年出版。
式(I)所示的化合物可经同位素(例如2H,3H,11C,13C,14C,13N,15N,15O,17O,18O,35S,18F,36Cl,123I或125I等)标记。
式(I)所示的化合物、其盐、其溶剂合物的前药可为例如式(I-a)所示的化合物:
其中R1表示C1-C4烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基或叔丁基等,且这些符号具有如上所定义的相同含义。
式(I)所示的化合物、其盐、其溶剂合物、或它们的前药或与其非对映异构体任意比例的混合物,可通过日本专利申请JP-B-S50-3362,JP-B-S52-31404和JP-B-S61-52146公开的方法,使用α-,β-或γ-环糊精或它们的混合物转化为环糊精包合物。通过转化为环糊精包合物,稳定性增加且水溶性增大,因此该化合物更加便于用作药物。将式(I)所示的化合物、其盐、其溶剂合物或它们的前药包合于环糊精中时,可通过差示扫描热量法或粉末X-射线衍射分析结果来确认。
本发明包括式(I)所示的化合物与其非对映异构体的任意比例的非对映异构体混合物。
作为非对映异构体,可以列举例如2-[(2-{(1S,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸(化合物20):
在此,作为任意比例的混合物,优选其非对映异构体相对于式(I)所示化合物的比例为1至20%的混合物。更优选式(I)所示的化合物:非对映异构体=9∶1的混合物。
[本发明的化合物的制备方法]
本发明化合物可以按照,将本领域公知的方法进行适当改良,并组合使用后的方法进行制备,所述公知的方法为例如国际公开第2005/053707号小册子,国际公开第2006/129788号小册子和Synlett 2002,No.1,239-242或Comprehensive Organic Transformations:A Guide to Functional GroupPreparations,2nd Edition(Richard C.Larock,John Wiley&Sons Inc,1999)公开的方法、下面所示方法或实施例中所示的方法。
例如式(I)所示的化合物可通过将式(II)化合物和式化合物(III)进行下述反应,并进一步进行乙酰基的脱保护反应和氧化反应,接着对保护基进行脱保护反应而制备,
其中Ac表示乙酰基,R表示羧基的保护基(C1-C4烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基或叔丁基等),
其中R101表示芳基(例如1-苯基-1H-四唑基,苯基等),R102为保护基(例如三甲基甲硅烷基,叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基等)。
式(II)所示的化合物和式(III)所示的化合物的反应是公知的,例如在碱(例如双(三甲基硅烷基)氨基钾,二异丙基氨基锂或丁基锂等)的存在下,在有机溶剂(例如无水四氢呋喃,二甲氧基乙烷,甲苯或二甲基甲酰胺等)中,在约-100至-20℃的温度下进行。
乙酰基等保护基的脱保护反应是本领域公知的,且可通过下面的方法进行。
羧基保护基可列举如下,例如:C1-C4烷基,如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基或叔丁基等,烯丙基,三氯乙基,苄基(Bn),苯甲酰甲基等。
羟基保护基可列举如下,例如:甲基、三苯甲基、甲氧基甲基(MOM)、1-乙氧基乙基(EE)、甲氧基乙氧基甲基(MEM)、2-四氢吡喃基(THP)、三甲基甲硅烷基(TMS)、三乙基甲硅烷基(TES)、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基(TBDMS或TBS)、叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基(TBDPS)、乙酰基(Ac)、特戊酰基、苯甲酰基、苄基(Bn)、对甲氧基苄基、烯丙基氧基羰基(Alloc)或2,2,2-三氯乙氧基羰基(Troc)等。
除了这些保护基,任何可容易地和选择性地脱保护的基团都可以用作羧基保护基或羟基保护基,并无特殊限定。例如可用T.W.Greene,ProtectiveGroups in Organic Synthesis,Wiley,New York,1999中记载的保护基。
羧基保护基或羟基保护基的脱保护反应是本领域公知的,例如:
(1)碱水解的脱保护反应,
(2)酸性条件下的脱保护反应,
(3)氢解的脱保护反应,
(4)使用甲硅烷基的脱保护反应,
(5)使用金属的脱保护反应,和
(6)使用金属络合物的脱保护反应,等。
在此将详述这些方法。
(1)碱水解的脱保护反应,例如使用碱金属的氢氧化物(例如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂等)、碱土金属的氢氧化物(例如氢氧化钡、氢氧化钙等)、或碳酸盐(例如碳酸钠、碳酸钾等)、或其水溶液或它们的混合物,在有机溶剂(例如甲醇、四氢呋喃、二烷等)中,在约0至约40℃的温度下进行。
(2)酸性条件下的脱保护反应,例如使用有机酸(例如乙酸、三氟乙酸、甲磺酸、对甲基苯磺酸等)、无机酸(例如盐酸、硫酸等)或其混合物(例如溴化氢/乙酸等),在有机溶剂(例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、二烷、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醚等)中,在约0~100℃的温度下进行。
(3)氢解的脱保护反应,例如在溶剂(例如醚系列溶剂(例如四氢呋喃、二烷、二甲氧基乙烷、乙醚等)、醇系列溶剂(例如甲醇、乙醇等)、苯系列溶剂(例如苯、甲苯等)、酮系列溶剂(例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮等)、腈系列溶剂(例如乙腈等)、酰胺系列溶剂(例如二甲基甲酰胺等)、水、乙酸乙酯、乙酸或其中两种或多种的混合溶剂)中,在催化剂(例如钯-碳、钯黑、氢氧化钯、氧化铂、阮内镍等)存在下,在氢气氛中或在甲酸铵存在下,于常压或加压下,在约0~200℃的温度下进行。
(4)使用甲硅烷基的脱保护反应,例如可使用四丁基氟化铵,在可与水混溶的有机溶剂(例如四氢呋喃或乙腈等)中,在约0~40℃的温度下进行。
(5)使用金属的脱保护反应,例如可在酸性溶剂(例如乙酸、pH约4.2~7.2的缓冲液、或其与有机溶剂例如四氢呋喃等的混合液)中,在锌粉的存在下,在约0~40℃的温度进行,若需要则借助超声处理。
(6)使用金属络合物的脱保护反应,例如使用金属络合物(例如四(三苯基膦)钯(0)、双(三苯基膦)二氯化钯(II)、乙酸钯(II)或三(三苯基膦)氯化铑(I)等)、在有机溶剂(例如二氯甲烷、二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、二烷或乙醇等)、水或其混合溶剂中,在捕获剂(例如三丁基氢化锡、三乙基甲硅烷、双甲酮、吗啉、二乙胺或吡咯烷等)、有机酸(例如乙酸、甲酸或2-乙基己酸等)和/或有机酸(例如2-乙基己酸钠或2-乙基己酸钾等)的存在下,有或无膦试剂(例如三苯基膦等),在约0~40℃的温度下进行。
除了这些,脱保护反应还可例如通过T.W.Greene,Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis,Wiley,New York,1999中记载的方法进行。
尽管本领域技术人员容易得知,通过选择脱保护反应,可容易地制备本发明欲得到的有效成分。
氧化反应是本领域公知的,且可例如使用TEMPO试剂(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶1-氧化物)和过氧化剂(过氧化氢水溶液、次氯酸钠、3-氯过氧苯甲酸、二乙酸碘苯、过氧单磺酸钾等),在有机溶剂(氯仿、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲苯、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、水等)或其混合溶剂中,在存在或不存在季铵盐(四丁基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵等)的条件下,存在或不存在无机盐(溴化钠、溴化钾等)的条件下或存在或不存在无机碱(碳酸氢钠、乙酸钠等)的条件下,在约-20~60℃的温度下进行。
本说明书中公开的各反应中,作为起始原料的化合物是本领域公知的或可容易地通过本领域公知的方法制备。例如式(II)所示的化合物可例如通过国际公开第2006/129788号小册子公开的方法容易地制备。此外,式(III)所示的化合物可例如通过下面实施例中公开的方法容易地制备。
本说明书中公开的反应中,伴有加热的反应使用本领域技术人员公知的水浴、油浴、沙浴或微波来进行。
本说明书中公开的反应中,可合适地使用担载于高分子聚合物(例如聚苯乙烯,聚丙烯酰胺,聚丙烯和聚乙二醇等)上的固相担载试剂。
本说明书中公开的反应中,反应产物可用通常的方法纯化,例如常压或减压蒸馏、高效液相色谱(使用硅胶或硅酸镁)、薄层色谱、离子交换树脂、清除树脂、柱色谱、洗涤、重结晶等。纯化可在每步反应进行,或在几步反应结束后进行。
[毒性]
本发明的化合物产生很少的副作用,因此作为药物足够安全。
[药物应用]
本发明的化合物作用于与膀胱活动不足相关的两种平滑肌,即膀胱排尿肌和尿道括约肌。本发明的化合物具有加强膀胱排尿肌的收缩性和舒张尿道括约肌的能力。通常,作用于平滑肌的药物若能促进收缩,则会处处引起平滑肌的收缩;或者若能促进舒张,则会处处引起平滑肌的舒张。还没有像本发明的化合物这样促进一些平滑肌收缩的同时促进其它平滑肌舒张的药物。
由于本发明的化合物作用于平滑肌,特别是膀胱排尿肌和尿道括约肌,以促进膀胱排尿肌的收缩和尿道括约肌的舒张,其可改善膀胱收缩障碍和尿道舒张障碍,因此作为预防和/或治疗膀胱活动不足的药物有效。此外,本发明的化合物是改善与膀胱活动不足相关的多种症状的有效药物,所述症状例如尿流缓慢、尿流分叉、尿流阻断、排尿迟延、腹压排尿、残尿感、溢流性尿失禁、尿闭和/或排尿后滴沥。本发明的化合物特别是改善尿流分叉、尿流阻断、腹压排尿、残尿感、溢流性尿失禁、尿闭和/或排尿后滴沥的有效药物。
此外,本发明的化合物对于预防和/或治疗以下症状也是有效的:椎管狭窄症、颈椎病、末梢神经系统疾病、免疫性疾病(肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)、多发性硬化症、干燥综合征(Sjogren’s syndrome)、慢性关节风湿病、系统性红斑狼疮等自身免疫性疾病、器官移植后的排异反应等)、过敏性疾病(例如支气管哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、过敏性结膜炎、特应性皮炎、食物过敏等)、神经细胞死亡、痛经、早产、流产、脱发、神经性视网膜疾病(例如青光眼)、勃起障碍、关节炎、肺损伤、纤维化肺、肺气肿、支气管炎、慢性阻塞性呼吸疾病、肝损伤、急性肝炎、肝硬化、休克、肾炎(例如急性肾炎、慢性肾炎等)、肾功能不全、胰腺炎、全身炎症反应综合征、败血病、噬血细胞综合征、巨噬细胞活化综合征、斯蒂尔病(Still’s disease)、川崎病(Kawasaki disease)、烧伤、全身性肉芽肿病、溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease)、透析时的高细胞因子血症、多器官功能不全、骨病(骨折、再骨折、难治性骨折、骨愈合障碍、假关节、骨软化症、骨佩吉特病(Paget’s disease)、强直性脊柱炎、癌骨转移、变形性关节病、以及其类似疾病中骨·软骨的破坏等)。
本发明的化合物可与其它药物组合给药以达到以下目的:1)补充和/或加强该化合物的预防和/或治疗效果,2)改善该化合物的药物动力学和吸收,减少该化合物的剂量,和/或3)减轻该化合物的副作用。
对于本发明的化合物和其它药物的组合剂,其与其它药物组合给药的形式可以是将两种成分混合于同一制剂中或分别进行制剂。将两种成分分别制剂的给药的情况下,包括同时给药和以一定时间间隔给药。在以一定时间间隔给药的情况下,可以先给予本发明的化合物,然后给予其它药物,也可以先给予其它药物,然后给予本发明的化合物,其中两种成分的给药模式可彼此相同或不同。
用于补充和/或加强本发明化合物效果的药物的实例,可以列举如下:例如乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂(例如地斯的明和新斯的明等)或α1受体拮抗剂(例如坦洛新,哌唑嗪,阿夫唑嗪,萘哌地尔,乌拉地尔等)等。
本发明的化合物与其它药物的重量比没有特别的限制。
可以组合给予任意相同种类或者两种以上不同种类的所述其它药物。
基于上述机理,其它补充和/或加强本发明化合物效果的药物不仅包括目前已发现的药物,也包括将在未来发现的药物。
基于上述目的,使用本发明的化合物或本发明的化合物与其它药物的组合剂,其通常以口服或非经口形式在全身或局部给药。
尽管剂量可依药物的种类而变化,并且可取决于年龄、体重、症状、治疗效果、给药方法、治疗时间等,但是本发明的化合物通常可对每名成人以1ng至100mg的剂量范围、每天一次或数次口服给药,或者可对每名成人以0.1ng至10mg的剂量范围、每天一次或数次非经口给药,或者每天持续经1至24小时由静脉给药。
由于剂量可依上述多种条件而变化,存在着小于上述剂量时药效也充足的情况,也存在需要给药的剂量大于上述剂量范围的情况。
在给予本发明的化合物或本发明的化合物和其它药物的组合剂的情况下,其可用作口服给药的内服固体制剂、内服液体制剂,以及非经口给药的注射剂、外用制剂、栓剂和吸入剂等。
用于口服给药的内服固体制剂包括片剂、丸剂、胶囊、粉剂和颗粒剂等。胶囊包括硬胶囊和软胶囊。
所述内服固体制剂可使用一种或多种活性成分来制备,或通过将一种或多种活性成分与例如以下的物质混合,按照常规方法而制备:赋形剂(乳糖、甘露醇、葡萄糖、微晶纤维素、淀粉等)、粘合剂(羟丙基纤维素、聚维酮、硅酸铝镁等)、崩解剂(羧甲基纤维素钙等)、润滑剂(硬脂酸镁等)、稳定剂或助溶剂(谷氨酸、天冬氨酸等)。若需要,所述固体制剂可用包衣剂(例如白糖、明胶、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯等)包覆,或包覆两层或多层。也包括可吸收材料(例如明胶)的胶囊。
用于口服的内服液体制剂的实例包括药学上可接受的水溶液,混悬剂,乳剂,糖浆剂等。在这些液体制剂中,将一种或多种活性物质溶解、混悬或乳化于本领域通用的稀释液中(例如蒸馏水、乙醇、其混合溶液等)。所述液体制剂可包含湿润剂、助悬剂、乳化剂、甜味剂、矫味剂、芳香剂、保存剂、缓冲剂等。
用于非经口给药的外用制剂的剂型包括例如软膏剂、凝胶剂、霜剂、泥敷剂(poultices)、贴剂、搽剂、气雾剂、吸入剂和喷雾剂等。这些制剂包括一种或多种活性物质,且通过本领域已知或通用的方法制备。
软膏剂通过本领域已知或通用的处方来制备。例如软膏剂可通过将一种或多种活性物质研磨或熔化于基质中而制备。软膏剂基质选自本领域已知或通用的基质。这些软膏剂基质的实例包括高级脂肪酸或高级脂肪酸酯(己二酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、己二酸酯、肉豆蔻酸酯、棕榈酸酯、硬脂酸酯、油酸酯等)、蜡类(蜂蜡、硬蜡、石蜡等)、表面活性剂(聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸酯等)、高级醇(鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇、鲸蜡硬脂醇等)、硅油(二甲基聚硅氧烷等)、烃类(亲水凡士林、白凡士林、纯羊毛脂、液体石蜡等)、乙二醇(乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol、Macrogols)等)、植物油(蓖麻油、橄榄油、芝麻油、松节油等)、动物油(貂油、蛋黄油、角鲨烷、角鲨烯等)、水、吸收促进剂和止痒剂。这些软膏剂基质可单独使用或以两种或多种的混合物使用。软膏剂还可包含湿润剂、保存剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、矫味剂等。
凝胶剂通过本领域已知或通用的方法制备。例如凝胶可通过将一种或多种活性物质熔化于基质中而制备。凝胶基质选自那些本领域已知或通用的基质。这些凝胶基质的实例包括低级醇(乙醇、异丙醇等)、胶凝剂(羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、乙基纤维素等)、中和剂(三乙醇胺、二异丙醇胺等)、表面活性剂(聚乙二醇单硬脂酸酯等)、树胶、水、吸收促进剂和止痒剂。这些凝胶基质可单独使用或以两种或多种的混合物使用。凝胶剂还可包含保存剂、抗氧化剂、矫味剂等。
霜剂通过本领域已知或通用的处方来制备。例如可通过将一种或多种活性物质熔化或乳化于基质中而制备。霜剂基质选自那些本领域已知或通用的基质。这些霜剂基质的实例包括高级脂肪酸酯、低级醇、烃类、多元醇(丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇等)、高级醇(2-己基癸醇、鲸蜡醇等)、乳化剂(聚氧乙烯烷基醚类、脂肪酸酯类等)、水、吸收促进剂和止痒剂。这些霜剂基质可单独使用或以两种或多种的混合物使用。霜剂还可包含保存剂、抗氧化剂、矫味剂等。
泥敷剂通过本领域已知或通用的处方来制备。例如泥敷剂可通过将一种或多种活性物质熔化于基质中,接着将该熔融物均匀地涂布于支持体上而制备。泥敷剂基质选自那些本领域已知或通用的基质。这些泥敷剂基质可列举如下:例如增稠剂(聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、阿拉伯胶、淀粉、明胶、甲基纤维素等)、湿润剂(例如尿素、甘油、丙二醇等)、填充剂(高岭土、氧化锌、滑石、钙、镁等)、水、助溶剂、增粘剂和止痒剂。这些泥敷剂基质可单独使用,也可以两种以上的混合物使用。泥敷剂还可包含保存剂、抗氧化剂、矫味剂等。
贴剂通过本领域已知或通用的处方来制备。例如贴剂可通过将一种或多种活性物质熔化于基质中并将熔融物均匀地涂抹于支持体上而制备。贴剂基质选自那些本领域已知或通用的基质。这些贴剂基质的实例包括高分子基质、油脂、高级脂肪酸、增粘剂和止痒剂。这些贴剂基质可单独使用,也可以以两种以上的混合物使用。贴剂还可包含保存剂、抗氧化剂、矫味剂等。
搽剂通过本领域已知或常用的处方来制备。例如搽剂可通过将一种或多种活性物质溶解、混悬或乳化于一种或多种选自以下的物质中:水、醇(乙醇、聚乙二醇等)、高级脂肪酸、甘油、肥皂、乳化剂和混悬剂等。搽剂还可包含保存剂、抗氧化剂、矫味剂等。
除了本领域常用的稀释剂,气雾剂、吸入剂和喷雾剂还可包含如亚硫酸氢钠的稳定剂和赋予等渗性的缓冲剂,如氯化钠、柠檬酸钠或柠檬酸这样的等渗剂。
用于非经口给药的注射剂,可以列举如下:溶液剂、混悬剂、乳剂和使用时溶解或混悬于溶剂中而使用的固体注射剂。这些注射剂通过将一种或多种活性物质溶解、混悬或乳化于溶剂中而使用。合适的溶剂的实例包括注射用蒸馏水、生理盐水、植物油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、醇(例如乙醇)及其组合。注射剂也可包含稳定剂、助溶剂(例如谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、等)、助悬剂、乳化剂、安抚剂、缓冲剂和保存剂等。注射剂通过最终步骤的灭菌或消毒操作而制备。此外,对于制造无菌固体制剂例如冻干品,也可在使用前通过灭菌或将其溶解于无菌的注射用蒸馏水或其它溶剂而使用。
用于非经口给药的吸入剂的实例包括气雾剂,吸入粉剂或吸入液体剂。使用前可将吸入液体剂溶解或混悬于水或其它合适的介质中。
吸入剂由本领域公知的方法制备。
例如吸入液体剂根据需要通过选择合适的防腐剂(苯扎氯铵、尼泊金酯类等)、着色剂、缓冲剂(磷酸钠、乙酸钠等)、等渗剂(氯化钠、浓缩甘油等)、增稠剂(聚羧乙烯(carboxyvinyl polymer)等)和促吸收剂而制备。
吸入粉剂根据需要通过选择合适的润滑剂(硬脂酸、其盐等)、粘合剂(淀粉、糊精等)、赋形剂(乳糖、纤维素等)、着色剂、防腐剂(苯扎氯铵、尼泊金酯类等)和促吸收剂而制备。
给予吸入液体剂时,通常使用喷雾器(atomizers,nebulizers),给予吸入粉剂时,使用通常用于给予粉末状药物的吸入器。
其它用于非经口给药的组合物包括一种或多种活性物质,可以列举按照常规处方的直肠给药的栓剂和阴道给药的阴道栓剂。
实施例
下文将通过实施例对本发明进行详述,然而,本发明不限于这些实施例。
色谱分离部分和TLC的括号内的溶剂表示所用的洗脱剂或展开剂,且其比例为体积比。
除非另有指出,则NMR数据为300MHz的1H-NMR数据。NMR数据部分的括号内表示测量所用的溶剂。
本说明书所用的化合物名称是通过根据IUPAC规则命名化合物的计算机程序、ACD/Name Batch(注册商标)、或根据IUPAC命名法而命名的名称。例如将
命名为2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸。
[制备实施例]
实施例1:4,5,5-三氟-N-甲氧基-N-甲基-4-戊烯酰胺(化合物1)
在冷水浴中,将N,O-二甲基羟基胺盐酸盐(3.5g)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(6.9g)和三乙胺(9.2mL)加至4,5,5-三氟-4-戊烯酸(CAS No.110003-22-0(5.0g))在二氯甲烷中的溶液(64mL)中并在室温搅拌过夜。将该反应溶液浓缩并用乙酸乙酯稀释。稀释的溶液用1N盐酸、水和饱和盐水洗涤;经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩,得到标题化合物(6.4g),其具有以下的物理性质:
TLC:Rf 0.50(乙酸乙酯∶己烷=1∶2);
NMR(CDCl3):δ2.51-2.77(m,4H),3.19(s,3H),3.69(s,3H)。
实施例2:6,7,7-三氟-3-氧代-6-庚烯酸乙酯(化合物2)
在78℃将乙酸乙酯(4.8mL)缓慢滴加至六甲基二硅胺基锂/四氢呋喃溶液(1M,48mL)中,接着搅拌30分钟。在相同的温度将化合物1(6.4g)的无水四氢呋喃(33mL)溶液缓慢滴加至该反应溶液,接着搅拌30分钟。向该反应溶液中加入2N盐酸(30mL),接着用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用水和饱和盐水洗涤;经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。所得残余物通过硅胶柱色谱(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=20∶1→15∶1)纯化,得到标题化合物(4.94g),其具有以下的物理性质:
TLC:Rf 0.63(乙酸乙酯∶己烷=1∶2);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.29(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),2.50-2.71(m,2H),2.83(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.47(s,2H),4.21(q,2H)。
实施例3:6,7,7-三氟-6-庚烯-1,3-二醇(化合物3)
在冰冷却下,将化合物2(4.71g)的叔丁基甲基醚(52mL)溶液缓慢滴加至硼氢化锂(1.4g)中,接着在室温搅拌4小时。在冰的冷却下将该反应溶液倾倒入饱和氯化铵水溶液中,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用饱和盐水洗涤;经硫酸钠干燥并浓缩,得到标题化合物(3.87g),其具有以下的物理性质:
TLC:Rf0.31(乙酸乙酯∶己烷=2∶1);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.66-1.83(m,4H),2.17-2.66(m,2H),3.71-4.06(m,3H)。
实施例4:6,7,7-三氟-1-[(1-苯基-1H-四唑-5-基)硫基]-6-庚烯-3-醇(化合物4)
将化合物3(3.87g)溶解于甲苯(50mL)和2N氢氧化钠水溶液(50mL)中,并在冰冷却下,向其中加入四丁基溴化铵(700mg)和对甲苯磺酰氯(4.10g),接着搅拌30分钟。向该反应溶液中加入1-苯基-1H-四唑-5-硫醇(4.60g),接着在60℃搅拌过夜。将该反应溶液倾倒入水中,并用叔丁基甲基醚萃取。有机层用饱和盐水洗涤;经硫酸钠干燥;并浓缩。所得残余物通过硅胶柱色谱(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=4∶1→7∶3)纯化,得到标题化合物(5.43g),其具有以下的物理性质:
TLC:Rf0.37(乙酸乙酯∶己烷=2∶1);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.64-1.83(m,2H),1.88-2.02(m,2H),2.31-2.61(m,2H),3.34-3.88(m,3H),7.46-7.69(m,5H)。
实施例5:6,7,7-三氟-1-[(1-苯基-1H-四唑-5-基)硫基]-6-庚烯-3-酮(化合物5)
在冰冷却下,将溴化钾(830mg)、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧化物(199mg)和次氯酸钠水溶液(10%,6.1mL)加入化合物4(2.18g)的乙腈溶液(32mL)中,接着搅拌2小时。在相同的温度下,将饱和硫代硫酸钠水溶液加入该反应溶液中,接着用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用水和饱和盐水洗涤;经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩,得到标题化合物(2.17g),其具有以下的物理性质:
TLC:Rf 0.50(乙酸乙酯∶己烷=1∶2);
NMR(CDCl3):δ2.48-2.77(m,4H),3.14(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.57(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),7.54(s,5H)。
实施例6:6,7,7-三氟-3-甲基-1-[(1-苯基-1H-四唑-5-基)硫基]-6-庚烯-3-醇(化合物6)
在-78℃下,将甲基溴化镁/乙醚溶液(3.0M,4.2mL)加入化合物5(2.17g)的无水四氢呋喃溶液(22mL)中,在相同的温度下,将该混合溶液搅拌30分钟,并在冰冷却下搅拌30分钟。在冰冷却下将饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液加入该反应溶液中,接着用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用水和饱和盐水洗涤;经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。所得残余物通过硅胶柱色谱纯化(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=7∶3),得到标题化合物(1.88g),其具有以下的物理性质:
TLC:Rf 0.39(乙酸乙酯∶己烷=1∶2);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.29(s,3H),1.69-1.92(m,2H),1.99-2.19(m,2H),2.30-2.59(m,2H),3.33-3.67(m,2H),7.42-7.70(m,5H)。
实施例7:6,7,7-三氟-3-甲基-1-[(1-苯基-1H-四唑-5-基)磺酰基]-6-庚烯-3-醇(化合物7)
在冰冷却下将七钼酸六铵四水合物(318mg)和过氧化氢水溶液(30%,1.8mL)加入至化合物6(1.84g)的甲醇溶液(26mL)中,接着在室温搅拌过夜。在冰冷却下将硫代硫酸钠的饱和水溶液加入该反应溶液中,接着用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用水和饱和盐水洗涤;经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩,得到标题化合物(2.0g),其具有以下的物理性质:
TLC:Rf0.41(乙酸乙酯∶己烷=1∶2);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.30(s,3H),1.69-1.86(m,2H),2.06-2.24(m,2H),2.30-2.57(m,2H),3.80-4.00(m,2H),7.51-7.78(m,5H)。
实施例8:1-苯基-5-({6,7,7-三氟-3-甲基-3-[(三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-6-庚烯-1-基}磺酰基)-1H-四唑(化合物8)
在冰冷却下将咪唑(524mg)和三甲基氯硅烷(0.79mL)加入化合物7(2.0g)的二甲基甲酰胺(11mL)溶液中,接着在室温搅拌5小时。将该反应溶液倾倒入水中,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用饱和盐水洗涤;经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。所得残余物通过硅胶柱色谱(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=9∶1)纯化,得到标题化合物(2.16g),其具有以下的物理性质:
TLC:Rf0.72(乙酸乙酯∶己烷=1∶2);
NMR(CDCl3):δ0.15(s,9H),1.35(s,3H),1.66-1.86(m,2H),1.96-2.19(m,2H),2.25-2.46(m,2H),3.74-3.88(m,2H),7.56-7.67(m,3H),7.68-7.74(m,2H)。
实施例9:2-({2-[(1R,2S,5S)-2-(乙酰基氧基)-5-甲酰基环戊基]乙基}硫基)-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸乙酯(化合物9)
在10℃将三乙胺(3.7mL)和三氧化硫·吡啶络合物(1.7g)加入至2-({2-[(1R,2S,5S)-2-(乙酰基氧基)-5-(羟基甲基)环戊基]乙基}硫基)-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸乙酯(500mg)(见国际公开第2006/129788号小册子公开的化合物7)的二甲基亚砜(4.0mL)/乙酸乙酯(8.0mL)溶液中,接着在室温搅拌30分钟。向该反应溶液中加入1N盐酸,接着用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用水和饱和盐水洗涤;经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩,得到标题化合物(497mg),其具有以下的物理性质:
TLC:Rf0.27(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=2∶1);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.32-1.49(m,3H)1.78-2.15(m,9H)2.35-2.51(m,1H)2.69-2.84(m,1H)3.10-3.31(m,2H)4.32-4.48(m,2H)5.29-5.37(m,1H)8.02(s,1H)9.67(d,J=2.74Hz,1H)。
实施例10:2-{[2-((1R,2S,5R)-2-(乙酰基氧基)-5-{(1E)-7,8,8-三氟-4-甲基-4-[(三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基]-1,7-辛二烯-1-基}环戊基)乙基]硫基}-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸乙酯(化合物10)
在-78℃将六甲基二硅胺基钾/甲苯溶液(0.5M,4.8mL)缓慢滴加至化合物8(1.13g)的1,2-二甲氧基乙烷(8.0mL)溶液中,接着在相同的温度下搅拌30分钟,然后在相同的温度向该反应溶液中缓慢滴加化合物9(461mg)的1,2-二甲氧基乙烷(5.0mL)溶液。在相同的温度搅拌30分钟后,将温度升至0℃,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液,接着用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用水和饱和盐水洗涤;经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。所得残余物通过硅胶柱色谱(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=8∶1)纯化,得到标题化合物(703mg),其具有以下的物理性质:
TLC:Rf0.71(乙酸乙酯∶己烷=1∶2);
NMR(CDCl3):δ0.10(s,9H),1.39(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.49-2.48(m,17H),3.10-3.40(m,2H),4.40(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),5.18-5.53(m,3H),8.02(s,1H)。
实施例11:2-[(2-{(1R,2S,5R)-2-羟基-5-[(1E)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸(化合物11)
在冰冷却下向化合物10(703mg)的乙醇溶液(6.0mL)中加入2N氢氧化钠水溶液(2.4mL),接着在室温搅拌过夜。在相同的温度向该反应溶液中加入1N盐酸,接着搅拌30分钟。向该反应溶液中加入水,接着用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用饱和盐水洗涤;经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩,得到标题化合物(538mg),其具有以下的物理性质:
TLC:Rf0.21(乙酸乙酯∶甲醇=5∶1);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.19(s,3H),1.32-1.50(m,2H),1.61-1.92(m,4H),1.94-2.56(m,8H),2.81-2.99(m,1H),3.49-3.67(m,1H),4.56(m,1H),5.27-5.62(m,2H),8.08(s,1H)。
实施例12:2-[(2-{(1R,2S,5R)-2-(乙酰基氧基)-5-[(1E)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸(化合物12)
在冰冷却下将乙酸酐(0.33mL)加入化合物11(538mg)的吡啶溶液(6.0mL)中,接着在室温搅拌过夜。将该反应溶液倾倒入1N盐酸中,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用饱和盐水洗涤;经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩,得到标题化合物(589mg),其具有以下的物理性质:
TLC:Rf0.27(乙酸乙酯∶甲醇=5∶1);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.16-1.21(m,3H),1.34-2.54(m,17H),3.10-3.53(m,2H),5.33-5.61(m,3H),8.11(s,1H)。
实施例13:
(10S,12E,13aR,16S,16aR)-10-甲基-8-氧代-10-(3,4,4-三氟-3-丁烯-1-基)-1,10,11,13a,14,15,16,16a-八氢-2H,8H-7,4-(次氮基)环戊二烯并[j][1,5,7]氧杂二硫杂环十五炔-16-基乙酸酯((10S,12E,13aR,16S,16aR)-10-methyl-8-oxo-10-(3,4,4-trifluoro-3-buten-1-yl)-1,10,11,13a,14,15,16,16a-octahydro-2H,8H-7,4-(azeno)cyclopenta[j][1,5,7]oxadithiacyclopentadecin-16-yl acetate)(低-极性形式:化合物13A)。
(10R,12E,13aR,16S,16aR)-10-甲基-8-氧代-10-(3,4,4-三氟-3-丁烯-1-基)-1,10,11,13a,14,15,16,16a-八氢-2H,8H-7,4-(次氮基)环戊二烯并[j][1,5,7]氧杂二硫杂环十五炔-16-基乙酸酯(高-极性形式:化合物13B)。
在室温向化合物12(589mg)的甲苯溶液(58mL)中加入4,4-二甲基氨基吡啶(567mg)。该反应溶液加热至100℃,并向其中加入2,4,6-三氯苯甲酰基氯(0.37mL)。搅拌15分钟后冷却至室温。将该反应溶液倾倒入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液中,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用水和饱和盐水洗涤;经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。所得残余物通过硅胶柱色谱(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=15∶1)纯化,得到标题化合物(化合物13A:200mg,化合物13B:120mg),其具有以下的物理性质:
化合物13A:
TLC:Rf 0.49(乙酸乙酯∶己烷=1∶4);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.32-2.22(m,14H),2.27-2.50(m,3H),2.55-2.75(m,2H),2.78-3.00(m,2H),3.22-3.40(m,1H),5.26-5.35(m,1H),5.37-5.50(m,1H),5.55-5.71(m,1H),7.98(s,1H)。
化合物13B:
TLC:Rf0.46(乙酸乙酯∶己烷=1∶4);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.32-2.61(m,19H),2.80-3.01(m,2H),3.18-3.32(m,1H),5.26-5.36(m,1H),5.44-5.69(m,2H),7.96(s,1H)。
实施例14:2-[(2-{(1R,2S,5R)-2-羟基-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环丙基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸(化合物14)
将化合物13A(200mg)溶解于甲醇(1.0mL)和四氢呋喃(2.0mL)的混合溶剂中,并加入2N氢氧化钠水溶液(0.62mL),接着在室温搅拌过夜。将该反应溶液倾倒入1N盐酸中,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用水和饱和盐水洗涤;经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩,得到标题化合物(190mg),其具有以下的物理性质:
TLC:Rf 0.21(乙酸乙酯∶甲醇=5∶1);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.19(s,3H),1.33-1.52(m,2H),1.59-2.14(m,7H),2.20(d,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.25-2.51(m,3H),2.81-3.01(m,1H),3.50-3.67(m,1H),4.51-4.59(m,1H),5.31-5.54(m,2H),8.07(s,1H)。
实施例15:2-[(2-{(1R,2S,5R)-2-羟基-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸甲酯(化合物15)
将碳酸钾(340mg)和碘甲烷(0.09mL)加入至化合物14(190mg)的二甲基甲酰胺溶液(2.1mL)中,接着在室温搅拌过夜。将该反应溶液倾倒入水中,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用水和饱和盐水洗涤;经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩,得到标题化合物(196mg),其具有以下的物理性质:
TLC:Rf 0.36(乙酸乙酯∶己烷=1∶1);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.18(s,3H),1.29-1.49(m,2H),1.53-1.88(m,4H),1.91-2.11(m,3H),2.19(d,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.27-2.52(m,3H),2.82-2.97(m,1H),3.50-3.68(m,1H),3.92(s,3H),4.42-4.53(m,1H),5.30-5.51(m,2H),7.98(s,1H)。
实施例16:2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸甲酯(化合物16)
在冰冷却下,将二异丙基乙基胺(0.43mL)和三氧化硫·吡啶络合物(196mg)加入至化合物15(196mg)的二甲基亚砜(1.4mL)/乙酸乙酯(2.8mL)溶液中,接着搅拌15分钟。向该反应溶液中加入水,接着用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用1N盐酸、水和饱和盐水洗涤;经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。所得残余物通过硅胶柱色谱(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=3∶2)纯化,得到标题化合物(152mg),其具有以下的物理性质:
TLC:Rf0.45(乙酸乙酯∶己烷=1∶1);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.16(s,3H),1.46-2.63(m,14H),3.37-3.49(m,2H),3.91(s,3H),5.45-5.57(m,1H),5.61-5.76(m,1H),8.01(s,1H)。
实施例17:2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸(化合物17)
在冰冷却下,将化合物16(152mg)溶解于1,2-二甲氧基乙烷(2.0mL)/水(1.0mL)中,并向其中加入氢氧化锂(16.0mg),接着在室温搅拌2小时。将该反应溶液倾倒入5%硫酸氢钾水溶液中,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层用水和饱和盐水洗涤;经无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。所得残余物通过硅胶柱色谱(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=1∶1→甲醇∶乙酸乙酯=1∶10)纯化,得到标题化合物(127mg,无定形,粘稠油状物),其具有以下的物理性质:
TLC:Rf 0.20(乙酸乙酯∶甲醇=5∶1);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.21(s,3H),1.55-1.80(m,3H),1.88-2.60(m,11H),3.37(t,J=7.50Hz,2H),5.54(dd,J=14.82,7.68Hz,1H),5.62-5.76(m,1H),8.11(s,1H)。
实施例18:2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4R)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸(化合物18)
除了使用化合物13B代替化合物13A之外,进行与实施例14→实施例15→实施例16→实施例17相同的操作,得到标题化合物(57.3mg,无定形,粘稠油状物)。
TLC:Rf 0.20(乙酸乙酯∶甲醇=5∶1);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.21(s,3H),1.56-1.79(m,3H),1.91-2.59(m,11H),3.31-3.42(m,2H),5.54(dd,J=15.57,8.04Hz,1H),5.61-5.77(m,1H),8.11(s,1H)。
实施例19:2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸(化合物19)
除了使用化合物11代替化合物14之外,进行与实施例15→实施例16→实施例17相同的操作。得到标题化合物(7.6mg,无定形,粘稠油状物)。
TLC:Rf0.71(乙酸乙酯∶甲醇∶乙酸=8∶1∶1);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.21(s,3H),1.56-1.80(m,3H),1.90-2.60(m,11H),3.18-3.62(m,2H),5.54(dd,J=15.3,7.8Hz,1H),5.60-5.75(m,1H),8.10(s,1H)。
实施例20:2-[(2-{(1S,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸(化合物20)
TLC:Rf0.50(甲醇∶氯仿=1∶9);
NMR(CDCl3):δ8.13(s,1H),5.66(dt,J=15,6Hz,1H),5.40(dd,J=15,9Hz,1H),3.50-3.25(m,2H),3.15-3.05(m,1H),3.00-2.50(m,1H),2.50-2.25(m,4H),2.23(d,J=6Hz,2H),2.20-2.00(m,3H),2.00-1.85(m,1H),1.85-1.60(m,3H),1.21(s,3H)。
实施例21:2-[(2-{(1R,5S)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]-3-环戊烯-1-基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸甲酯(化合物21)
TLC:Rf0.38(乙酸乙酯∶己烷=1∶1);
NMR(CDCl3):δ1.19(s,3H),1.60-1.80(m,2H),1.95(m,1H),2.23(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.20-2.48(m,4H),3.30(m,1H),3.44-3.58(m,2H),3.91(s,3H),5.48(dd,J=15.0,8.4Hz,1H),5.84(dt,J=15.0,7.2Hz,1H),6.17(dd,J=5.7,2.1Hz,1H),7.49(dd,J=5.7,2.4Hz,1H),8.01(s,1H)。
实施例22:2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸钠的β-环糊精包合物(混合摩尔比=1∶3)
将化合物17的钠盐(8.12mg)和β-环糊精(56.88mg)称重并溶解于纯水(5mL)中。将该溶液静置30分钟;然后冷冻干燥。在室温下减压干燥过夜,得到标题化合物(64.8mg)。
NMR(D2O)
2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸钠的峰:7.81(s,1H),5.57-5.40(m,2H),3.26-3.19(m,2H),2.49(m,1H),2.35-1.98(m,9H),1.83(m,1H),1.64(m,1H),1.55-1.46(m,2H),1.01(s,3H)。
β-环糊精的峰:4.91(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),3.81-3.63(m,4H),3.51-3.41(m,2H)。
[生物学实施例]
以下试验证实,本发明的化合物是兼具收缩膀胱和舒张尿道的活性,同时副作用较小,且具有良好的如口服吸收性的药物动力学的化合物。
此外,下面的比较试验也证明,本发明的化合物比现有技术文献公开的化合物具有更好的药物动力学例如安全性和口服吸收性。
对比化合物A:2-[(2-{(1R,2R)-2-[(1E,4S)-4-羟基-4,7-二甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]-5-氧代环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸(国际公开第2006/129788号小册子中公开的化合物18-6的4S形式)。
对比化合物B:2-[(2-{(1R,2R)-2-[(1E,4S)-4-羟基-4-甲基-1-壬烯-1-基]-5-氧代环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸(国际公开第2006/129788号小册子中公开的化合物17-1)。
对比化合物C:2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-8,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1-辛烯基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸(国际公开第2006/129788号小册子中公开的化合物18-1的4S形式)。
对比化合物D:2-[(2-{(1R,2R)-2-[(1E,4S)-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]-5-氧代环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸(国际公开第2006/129788号小册子中公开的化合物32的4S形式)。
对比化合物E:2-[(2-{(4S)-2-氧代-4-[(1E,4S)-8,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1-辛烯基]-1,3-氧氮杂环戊烷-3-基}乙基)硫烷基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸(国际公开第2005/053707号小册子中公开的化合物65-2)。
(1)收缩膀胱排尿肌活性和舒张尿道括约肌活性的测定
<切片样本的制作>
用戊巴比妥麻醉大鼠,接着行剖腹术以摘取膀胱和尿道。沿纵向切开膀胱体以制备尺寸为约10×3mm的长方形样本。此外,也沿纵向切开尿道制成尺寸为约10×3mm的样本。将所制备的样本混悬于通入了95%O2和5%CO2的混合气体的Krebs缓冲液(37℃,5mL)中。使用配有等长传感器和放大器的Magnus系统测定样本的张力值,并通过数据收集系统将所测得的值记录在计算机上。
<测定化合物对膀胱的效果>
以约0.5g的负荷将该样本混悬。经过1小时以上的时间后,加入氯化钾(100mmol/L),并观察到最大收缩反应。用Krebs缓冲液洗涤后,以约0.5g的负荷将该样本混悬使之稳定化。然后加入氯化钾溶液(7.5mmol/L),诱导样本发生了收缩。诱导收缩反应稳定后,累积加入待测化合物,测定了药物处理前后的反应。
<测定化合物对尿道的效果>
以约0.5g的负荷将该样本混悬。经过1小时以上的时间后,加入氯化钾(100mmol/L),并观察到最大收缩反应。用Krebs缓冲液洗涤后,以约0.5g的负荷将该样本混悬使之稳定化。此后,使用苯福林(phenylephrine,100μmol/L)诱导样本发生了收缩。诱导收缩反应稳定后,累积加入待测化合物,测定了药物处理前后的反应。
<结果>
结果示于表1和2。
[表1]
[表2]
从上述实验结果可知,化合物17使膀胱排尿肌发生了收缩并使尿道括约肌发生了舒张。因此,本发明的化合物作用于膀胱和尿道以改善膀胱收缩障碍和尿道舒张障碍,其对于膀胱活动不足是有效的。
(2)在膀胱活动不足模型中测定残余尿量和膀胱容积
<动物模型的制作和导管的植入>
根据下面的操作制作膀胱活动不足模型。通过腹腔内给药戊巴比妥(40mg/kg)将雌性Wistar大鼠(8~9周龄)麻醉,接着背部去毛并腹卧位固定。用葡萄糖酸洗必泰(5%洗必泰液体)将其背部消毒,然后沿正中切开腰部使其露出脊柱。切除第5腰椎棘突后,从小型钻孔机钻出的孔中沿第6腰椎的方向插入硅酮橡胶。为了避免感染,外科手术结束后将苄青霉素钾(25000U/0.25mL/只)滴加至切开区域。用丝线缝合切开区域的肌肉和皮肤,并于缝合处涂抹碘酒。手术后,每日手压排尿3次以保持排尿。为了避免感染,皮下给药青霉素G钾(1.25单位/只)。在膀胱测压评价前5天以上,将用于测定膀胱内压的导管植入膀胱中。用戊巴比妥钠(40mg/kg腹腔内给药)麻醉并沿腹部中线切开,接着切开膀胱的顶部。孔将用于测定膀胱内压的充满生理盐水的导管从顶部插入膀胱中,并用缝合丝线结扎固定。将导管的另一端固定于背部皮下,用丝线缝合腰背部和腹部切开的区域。将氨苄西林S500(Meiji Co.,Ltd.,10mg效价/0.1mL蒸馏水/大鼠)注射入臀部肌肉中。
<膀胱测压的准备>
制作模型2周后,用醚将大鼠麻醉并饲养于Bollmann笼中。通过三通阀将膀胱导管的前端与压力传感器连接,且使用牵张压力(strain pressure)放大器记录仪记录膀胱内压力。三通阀一端连接至装在输注泵中的膀胱内滴注注射器,另一端连接至用于排出残尿的充满生理盐水的延长管。静置处理后的大鼠,直至大鼠从麻醉中苏醒过来。
<实验方法>
口服给药注射用水(溶剂组)和待测化合物(5mg/kg)。1小时后,以流速2mL/h将生理盐水灌流膀胱并测定排尿参数(膀胱容量和残余尿量),灌流1小时后和在排尿后立即停止灌流,并从膀胱除去残尿。计算排尿参数以进行膀胱测压。对于残余尿量,比较溶剂组和给药待测化合物组的值。对于膀胱容积,比较正常组的值和给药待测化合物组的值。
<结果>
结果见图1和2。化合物17在剂量(0.01mg/kg)下显著减少膀胱活动不足模型的残余尿量,且对膀胱容量没有产生影响。相反,对比化合物A在有效剂量(0.01mg/kg)下使膀胱容量显著减少。
我们认为减少膀胱容量至低于正常水平与无法储存尿液的储尿症状有关,导致尿频这一泌尿系统副作用。
从所述结果来看,本发明的化合物作为膀胱活动不足治疗药物是有效的,且在有效剂量下不引起泌尿系统副作用。
(3)在正常大鼠中测定血压和心率
<测定方法>
根据下面的操作测定了雌性Wistar大鼠的血压和心率。在测定当天,在醚麻醉状态下植入了为测定血压·心率的导管。将大鼠的颈背部切开;将充满了肝素生理盐水的营养导管(Atom Medical株式会社)从颈背部插入;将导管插入颈总动脉后闭合外科切口。在有意识状态下、于Bollmann笼中进行测定,并在确认各参数稳定后再开始评价。确认血压和心率稳定后,将以剂量5mL/kg口服给药用含等摩尔NaOH的注射用水制备的待测化合物。
将颈背部拉出的导管连接至压力传感器(DX-200,日本光电株式会社),并使用压力测定用放大器(Gould Instrument)测定血压和心率。使用记录仪(LINEARCORDER WR3320,GRAPHTEC)记录血压和心率。计算出每个个体在给药后30、60、120和180分钟时的平均血压和心率相对于给药前数值的增减比率,评价血压和心率在给药待测化合物前后的变化。
<结果>
图3和4示出了给药本发明化合物(0.3mg/kg)和对比化合物(0.3mg/kg)后的结果。
化合物17在浓度为0.3mg/kg的剂量下对血压没有影响。另外,化合物17即使在浓度为1mg/kg的剂量下对血压也没有影响。与其相比,对比化合物A显示出在浓度为0.3mg/kg的剂量下使血压上升的趋势,且在浓度为1mg/kg的剂量下使血压上升约10%。另外,对比化合物B、对比化合物C和对比化合物D在浓度为0.3mg/kg的剂量下显示出使血压降低的趋势。
此外,化合物17在浓度为0.3mg/kg的剂量下对心率没有影响。与其相比,对比化合物B、对比化合物C和对比化合物D在浓度为0.3mg/kg的剂量下使心率增加约20%。
上述结果显示对比化合物有影响血压和心率的风险,而本发明的化合物几乎对血压和心率的没有影响。
因此,本发明的化合物对循环系统无副作用风险。
(4)测定高血压大鼠的血压和心率
使用雄性自发性高血压大鼠,按照下述方法测定其血压和心率。在测定当天,在乙醚麻醉状态下植入了用于测定血压·心率和给予待测物质的导管。将各大鼠的颈背部切开;将充满了肝素生理盐水的营养导管(Atom Medical株式会社)从颈背部插入;将导管插入颈总动脉和颈内静脉后闭合外科切口。在意识状态下、于Bollmann笼中进行测定,并在确认各参数稳定后再开始评价。确认血压和心率稳定后,以流速5mL/kg/小时持续静脉给药待测化合物30分钟。
将颈背部拉出的导管连接至压力传感器(DX-200,日本光电株式会社),并使用压力测定用放大器(Gould Instrument)测定血压和心率。使用记录仪(LINEARCORDER WR3320,GRAPHTEC)将血压和心率记录于记录纸上。在记录纸上将给药前和给药后2.5、5、10、15、30、45和60分钟的平均血压和心率转化为数值。相对于每个个体给药前数值的增减比率进行评价。
<结果>
结果见图5和6。
化合物17对血压没有影响。与其相比,对比化合物B在给药剂量为100ng/kg/分钟时使血压降低约10%。此外,其在给药剂量为300ng/kg/分钟时使血压降低约25%。
从所述结果可见,在高血压等循环系统疾病患者中,本发明的化合物对于循环系统的副作用风险低。
(5)消化症状
使用6周龄的雄性大鼠,以剂量0.1mg/kg重复口服给药待测化合物4天后,观察大鼠的一般状态。向对照组给予作为溶剂的注射用水。
<结果>
化合物17给药组中没有观察到软便等消化症状。与其相比,对比化合物C给药组中,从给药后第一天开始就观察到了软便。
因此,本发明的化合物是安全的,对于消化系统未引起副作用。
(6)药物的膜通透性评价(口服吸收度评价)
通过平行人工膜通透性分析(PAMPA),在下述条件下测定使用了人工膜的药物膜通透性。使用了PAMPA系统(pION公司制造)进行测定。通过在3个pH值测定的膜通透性系数的合计值(PAMPA(SUM)(cm/秒))评价了膜通透性。
脂质膜:GIT-0(pION公司)
波长:190-498nm
培养时间:4小时
培养温度:25℃
供体:含5%DMSO的缓冲液
pH:3点,即5.0,6.2和7.4
化合物浓度:50μmol/L
<结果>
化合物17的膜通透性系数为59.3cm/秒钟,显示了很好的膜通透性。与其相比,对比化合物E的膜通透性系数为0.6cm/秒钟,可知其膜通透性低。
结果表明本发明化合物为膜通透性良好且口服吸收度优良的化合物。
(7)全身清除率的评价
将等摩尔氢氧化钠和注射用蒸馏水加入每个测试化合物中以制备1mg/mL的水溶液,再用生理盐水稀释该水溶液直至浓度达到0.001mg/mL,并以剂量0.001mg/mL/kg迅速经头静脉给药于短尾猴。给药后2分钟、5分钟、15分钟、30分钟、1小时、2小时、4小时、6小时、8小时和24小时,用肝素化注射器从头静脉(非给药部位)采集血液。离心分离后,分取血浆,直至预处理前将其储存于在-80℃。通过将血浆与乙腈混合并离心分离除去蛋白而血浆进行预处理,接着通使用LC/MS/MS进行了测定。使用WinNonlin4.0.1分析血浆浓度的变化,以求出待测化合物的全身清除率。
<结果>
化合物17的全身清除率为3.6mL/分钟/kg,其显示出药物从身体缓慢清除,持续发挥药效。与其相比,对比化合物D的全身清除率为23.9mL/分钟/kg,这表明与化合物17相比清除率显著更高,并且与化合物17相比从体内迅速清除。
(8)在冷冻肝细胞中的稳定性评价
在37℃培养含溶解后的人冷冻肝细胞(活细胞最终浓度:1×106细胞/mL)和待测化合物(乙腈或甲醇溶液,终浓度≤1%)的KHEM5100培养基,在反应刚开始时以及随着反应时间的推移,分别从培养基取样一部分。
通过LC/MS/MS测定采集的样品中的待测化合物浓度。通过下式计算出待测化合物相对于反应刚开始时的残存率:
残存率=反应后样品中待测化合物的浓度/反应刚开始时样品中待测化合物的浓度×100(%)。
以残存率对反应时间单对数绘图,计算出清除速率常数。重复测试(n=2),以其平均值进行评价。
<结果>
结果如下所示:
[表3]
在反应后1小时,对比化合物B的残存率小于或等于80%,且在反应后2小时约为60%。与其相比,化合物17在反应后1小时的残存率为100%,即使是在反应后2小时的残存率也为80%以上。
结果表明本发明的化合物是肝代谢非常稳定的化合物。
(9)对心脏功能的影响
用戊巴比妥麻醉短尾猴(给药:剂量为20-30mg/kg;维持:剂量为4-5mg/kg/小时)后,插入气管导管,在人工呼吸(新鲜空气+纯氧气,换气量:10-15mL/kg,换气频率:10-15次/分钟)下进行实验。以右横卧位在左胸第4-5肋骨间开胸。将冠状动脉(左前降支或旋支起始部分)和主动脉升支的起始部分剥离,并放置于测定血流的传感器中。使用电磁血流仪或超声血流仪测定血流量。将导管插入右侧股动脉,使用压力传感器测定血压,从左颈动脉将导管插入左心室中,测定左心室内压。使用安装在右腋窝和左胸的针状电极测定心电图。将用于给药的导管插入左右头静脉和股静脉,由此给药待测化合物、戊巴比妥(维持麻醉)或输液(含1.2%NaHCO3的SOLITA T3)。使用持续输液系统,持续静脉给药待测化合物30分钟。同时将血压、左心室内压、冠状动脉血流量、大动脉血流量和心电图数据输入PowerLab系统(LabChart6,ADinstruments),测量/计算平均血压、心率、冠状动脉的平均血流量、心输出量、每搏输出量(心输出量/心率)、左心室内压一次微分最大值(maximum firstdeviation)、外周血管总阻力(平均血压/心输出量)、心作功量(平均血压×心输出量)以及指示心肌氧耗的二重积(收缩动脉压×心率)。
对于所有评价参数,求出给药前、给药刚开始时和给药后10分钟、20分钟和30分钟值的每分钟平均值,以给药前的值作为100%计算变化率。
<结果>
心作功量和二重积的测定结果分别见图7和8。
化合物17在30ng/kg/分钟和100ng/kg/分钟的剂量下不影响心作功量和二重积。此外,化合物17不影响冠状动脉的血流量等的其它心脏功能参数。与其相比,对比化合物B对心脏功能有抑制作用。
综上所述,本发明的化合物是安全的化合物,不影响心脏功能。
(10)对排尿障碍模型的效果
<动物模型的制作>
根据下面的方法制作排尿障碍模型。麻醉短尾猴后,将耻骨上部至腹部的区域剃毛,以仰卧位固定。对剃毛的部分进行消毒,固定四肢。使用手术用电刀将耻骨上部至脐部的皮肤切开,随后切开腹膜。接着使用手术用电刀破坏骨盆神经并除去子宫。外科手术后,将含氨苄西林的生理盐水滴加至切开的区域。用丝线缝合切开区域的腹膜和皮肤,并对其进行消毒。手术后连续给药氨苄西林7天。为了在手术期间进行疼痛管理,每日一次连续给药美洛昔康7天。
<实验方法>
使短尾猴坐在猴椅上,接着通过捆绑来固定四肢。口服给予注射用水,并持续经静脉给予生理盐水和待测化合物(60ng/kg/小时)以使之自由排尿。设置尿重量测定感受器以测定最大尿流率。
<结果>
在排尿障碍模型中,与溶剂组相比,化合物17使得最大尿流率改善61%。相应地,与溶剂组相比,对比化合物B和对比化合物D分别仅仅使得最大尿流率改善27%和36%。
从所述结果中可见,本发明的化合物是促进排尿效果很强的化合物。
生物学实施例(1)至(10)中所得的结果表明,本发明的化合物具有膀胱收缩活性、尿道舒张活性和高的促进排尿的活性。此外,本发明的化合物是安全性优良的化合物,可避免泌尿系统、循环系统和消化系统的所有副作用风险,这是现有技术公开的所有化合物都不能达到的。另外,本发明的化合物具有口服吸收度、代谢稳定性等优异的药物动力学。
[制剂实施例]
制剂实施例1
通过常用方法混合化合物17(5.0g)、羧甲基纤维素钙(20g)、硬脂酸镁(10g)和微晶纤维素(920g),接着压制成10,000片,其中每片含有0.5mg活性成分。
制剂实施例2
通过常用方法混合化合物17(2.0g)、甘露醇(500g)和蒸馏水(10L),接着通过常用方法灭菌,将1mL溶液灌入瓶中并用常用方法冻干。共得到10,000瓶,其中每瓶含有0.2mg活性成分。
工业适用性
本发明的化合物具有膀胱排尿肌收缩活性和尿道括约肌舒张活性,因此,本发明的化合物可改善膀胱收缩障碍和/或尿道舒张障碍,特别是作为有效预防和/或治疗膀胱活动不足的药物,此外,本发明的化合物作为有效改善与膀胱活动不足相关的多种症状的药物。另外,本发明的化合物十分安全,显示了优异的口服吸收度等的药物动力学,因此,本发明的化合物作为药物十分有用。
Claims (8)
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中,式(I)所示的化合物为
(1)2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸,
(2)2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸,或
(3)2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4R)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸。
3.权利要求1的任意比例的混合物,其中,式(I)所示的化合物为2-[(2-{(1R,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸,且所述非对映异构体为2-[(2-{(1S,5R)-2-氧代-5-[(1E,4S)-7,8,8-三氟-4-羟基-4-甲基-1,7-辛二烯-1-基]环戊基}乙基)硫基]-1,3-噻唑-4-甲酸。
5.权利要求4的药物组合物,其为收缩膀胱排尿肌和舒张尿道括约肌的药物。
6.权利要求5的药物组合物,其为预防、治疗和/或改善膀胱收缩障碍和/或尿道舒张障碍的药物。
7.权利要求6的药物组合物,其中,所述膀胱收缩障碍和/或尿道舒张障碍为膀胱活动不足。
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CN102803239B (zh) * | 2009-06-10 | 2015-04-15 | 小野药品工业株式会社 | 具有膀胱排尿肌收缩活性和尿道括约肌舒张活性的化合物 |
BR112015004459B1 (pt) | 2012-08-31 | 2020-06-30 | Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | sal de amina, cristal ou clatrato de ciclodextrina deste, composição farmacêutica compreendendo os mesmos e uso da composição farmacêutica para prevenir, tratar e/ou atenuar a disfunção da contração da bexiga e/ou a disfunção do relaxamento uretral |
WO2015017575A2 (en) | 2013-08-01 | 2015-02-05 | Dignify Therapeutics, Inc. | Compositions and methods for inducing urinary voiding and defecation |
WO2016073294A1 (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2016-05-12 | William Beaumont Hospital | Method for treating underactive bladder syndrome |
US11897853B2 (en) | 2018-12-31 | 2024-02-13 | Adama Makhteshim Ltd. | Synthesis of 1,1,2-trifluoro-4-(substituted sufonyl)-but-1-ene |
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CN102803239B (zh) * | 2009-06-10 | 2015-04-15 | 小野药品工业株式会社 | 具有膀胱排尿肌收缩活性和尿道括约肌舒张活性的化合物 |
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Patent Citations (4)
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EP1707208A1 (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2006-10-04 | Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Blood flow promoters for cauda equina tissues |
EP1782830A1 (en) * | 2004-08-10 | 2007-05-09 | Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Preventive and/or remedy for lower urinary tract diseases containing ep4 agonist |
CN101237885A (zh) * | 2005-06-03 | 2008-08-06 | 小野药品工业株式会社 | 神经再生和/或保护剂 |
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AU2010259585A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
TWI437987B (zh) | 2014-05-21 |
US8410281B2 (en) | 2013-04-02 |
HK1169117A1 (en) | 2013-01-18 |
EP2441760A4 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
US20130184236A1 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
BRPI1013152A2 (pt) | 2016-04-05 |
BRPI1013152B1 (pt) | 2019-06-18 |
US20120088805A1 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
JP4807478B2 (ja) | 2011-11-02 |
ES2444500T3 (es) | 2014-02-25 |
KR101633149B1 (ko) | 2016-06-23 |
KR20120026088A (ko) | 2012-03-16 |
CA2764782A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
US9150528B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 |
CA2764782C (en) | 2017-07-25 |
US20140171387A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
RU2531350C2 (ru) | 2014-10-20 |
IL216856A0 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
AU2010259585B2 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
MX2011013283A (es) | 2012-01-12 |
EP2441760B1 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
ZA201109103B (en) | 2012-08-29 |
WO2010143661A1 (ja) | 2010-12-16 |
CN102803239B (zh) | 2015-04-15 |
DK2441760T3 (en) | 2014-02-17 |
EP2441760A1 (en) | 2012-04-18 |
NZ596960A (en) | 2013-04-26 |
JPWO2010143661A1 (ja) | 2012-11-29 |
PT2441760E (pt) | 2014-01-07 |
PL2441760T3 (pl) | 2014-05-30 |
US8716490B2 (en) | 2014-05-06 |
TW201103539A (en) | 2011-02-01 |
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