CN102783412A - Method for preparing new corn variety by utilizing zea luxurians in long-day region - Google Patents
Method for preparing new corn variety by utilizing zea luxurians in long-day region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a new corn variety by utilizing zea luxurians in a long-day-sunshine region. The method mainly comprises the steps of parent choice, seed processing, seeding, hybridization and seed production in a field crop growing land, seed harvesting and the like. Distant hybridization and preparation of the new corn variety are achieved in the field crop growing land in the long-day-sunshine region, complicated and tedious processes including short-day-sunshine processing, bagging pollination, off-season multiplication and the like of facilities are avoided, and the method has important significance on acceleration and widening of genetic resources of national existing corn varieties.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of cultivating corn new germplasm, be specifically related to a kind of method of utilizing teosinte assembly corn new germplasm in the long-day area, belong to plant genetics and breeding and technical field of seed breeding.
Background technology
China's corn germ plasm resource is far away from the corn centre of origin, and the maize genetic diversity is deficient, and the germplasm basis of corn hybrid seed is narrow, exists hereditary fragility cause the happening suddenly hidden danger of destructive disease.In order further to enlarge and the innovation gene pool; China's researcher utilizes external germplasm particularly from the torrid zone, the subtropics germplasm of corn center of diversity; As the important channel of widening the existing corn germplasm hereditary basis of China, and the good new varieties of some performances have been bred.
Annual dliploid teosinte (Zea Mexicana Schrad) is the relative genus of cultivated maize; Have that the distinctive disease resistance of tropical corn germplasm is strong, characteristics such as reviviscence is strong, eurytopicity and adaptitude; Chromosome number is identical with corn, and the two hybridization is prone to successfully, is the important gene source of corn variety improvement; The excellent gene of teosinte is imported corn, have important theory and practice significance for the genetic resources that enriches corn breeding.The domestic existing report that much utilizes teosinte and corn hybridization to obtain new germ plasm; But because the restriction of teosinte photoperiod sensitivity; Can only nourish and grow and can not normally blossom and bear fruit in northern China, its utilize approach many through the green house cultivation lack day handle or under southern short-day condition, make its acquisitions of blooming (Zhan Qiuwen etc., Chinese agronomy is circulated a notice of; 2002,18 (6): 28-30; Yu Yulin, hubei agricultural science, 1990,6:12-14; Yu Yulin, Plant Physiology Communications, 1990 (2): 33-35; Yu Yulin, hubei agricultural science, 1991,3:18-20; Wang Qibai etc., North China agronomy newspaper, 2002,17 (increasing): 144-147; Zhou Hongsheng etc., Acta Agronomica Sinica, 1997,23 (3): 334-337; Guo Lequn etc., corn science, 2000,8 (4) 12-14; Yang Liguo etc., coarse cereals crop, 2005,25 (5): 283-285; Ren Yong etc., plant genetic resources journal, 2005,6 (4): 444447; Zhou Zhuhua etc., corn science, 2006,14 (2): 6-9).Said method is controlled complicacy, and breeding cost is higher, and the excavation, the breeding that have influenced excellent new germ plasm expand numerous and the last large-area applications of production.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of prior art, a kind of method of utilizing teosinte assembly corn new germplasm in the long-day area is provided.
The term explanation:
Long-day area: be meant that an annual sunshine time is the area of 2000～2800h.
Row ratio: the ratio of male parent line number and maternal line number.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
A kind of method of utilizing teosinte assembly corn new germplasm in the long-day area comprises the steps:
(1) with treated teosinte seed as male parent, between the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, be seeded in the breeding plot; Treated temperate zone corn inbred line seed as female parent, is seeded in the breeding plot in late June;
During sowing, when female parent was open and flat blade profile, father and mother's one's own profession was than being 1:4, and the line-spacing between male parent is 510～540cm, and male parent and adjacent maternal spacing are 150～250cm, and the line-spacing between female parent is 70～80cm; The male parent amount of broadcasting 45～60kg/ha, the female parent amount of broadcasting 90～130kg/ha;
When female parent during for perpendicular blade profile, father and mother's one's own profession is than being 1:6, and the line-spacing between male parent is 490～540cm, and male parent and adjacent maternal spacing are 120～220cm, and the line-spacing between female parent is 50～60cm; The male parent amount of broadcasting 30～45kg/ha, the female parent amount of broadcasting 120～150kg/ha;
(2) mix in seedling stage, shooting stage with during taking out male loose powder seedling, special-shaped seedling removed operation; The assorted strain of male parent is pulled out before loose powder, and maternal assorted strain is pulled out before castration;
(3) pull out tassel at least one time every day at the tasseling stage of female parent, all pull out until maternal tassel;
(4) carry out artificial supplementary pollination in the pollination phase, after the pollination phase finishes, remove male parent;
(5) early October gathers in the crops, and promptly gets crossbreed.
Male parent in the said step (1) is that herd No. 2 big hay kind grass Shandong.The Shandong is herded No. 2 can be available from Shandong kind at dawn industry Science and Technology Ltd..The Shandong herd No. 2 in 2007 through the authorization of the Shandong Province grass variety certification committee.This kind plant is upright, 3～7 of tiller numbers, the average plant height 176cm of tasseling stage.Give birth on the tassel top, and female fringe and is born in each joint, 3～5 female fringes of every joint.Every fringe has 8～16 in seed, the about 75g of thousand kernel weight.The mature seed color is main with brown, taupe.Begin sowing the first tenday period of a month in late April to May in the area, Shandong, on August, begin to take out hero the middle ten days, mid or late August blooms, August 24 productive phase, mid or late September seed maturity, early October is withered and yellow, 160～170 days time of infertility.
Female parent in the said step (1) be corn inbred line neat 319, dash 72, CH7-2, combine 31,178.Above-mentioned female parent is commercially available corn inbred line seed commonly used, can dash 72 available from Shandong kind at dawn industry Science and Technology Ltd., combine 31 and can grind agriculture breeding Co., Ltd available from the Shandong, Shandong like neat 319, CH7-2,178.
Treated teosinte seed in the said step (1) is through 12～24 hours teosinte seed of water logging bubble.Male parent teosinte seed kind skin is thicker, and water logging bubble before broadcasting is in order to seed sprouting.Floating seed is pulled out and is discarded in the immersion process, to guarantee to emerge quality.
Treated temperate zone corn inbred line seed in the said step (1) is for through the temperate zone corn inbred line seed of basking seeds, seed soaking and dressing seed obtain.Said method can be gone up method for treating seeds commonly used with reference to producing, to increase germination rate.
Breeding plot in the said step (1) be with other zasiokaurin source place on every side at least at a distance of 300 meters plot, perhaps plant long-stalked crops such as Chinese sorghum around the plot and carry out that barrier is isolated and the sown scope of long-stalked crops is not less than 50m.
The tassel of pulling out in the said step (3) is taken the breeding plot out of and is carried out landfill disposal.
Artificial supplementary pollination in the said step (4) is meant and comes into bloom and the supplementary pollination work in the latter stage of blooming, and when female parent is weaved silk when being later than male parent and taking out male latter stage, or male parent is taken out hero and is later than when female parent is weaved silk latter stage and carries out.This area routine techniques is all adopted in supplementary pollination work, as adopt measures such as cutting off bract or the castration of band leaf for female parent; Adopt measures such as removing the part tiller for male parent.
In the results process of said step (5), should choose kind of grain length degree a 0.5～0.8cm, grey or brown, kind particle shape shape size homogeneous, the crossbreed of thousand kernel weight 70～80g.Minority fruit ear to obviously differing from other fruit ear will be removed, and will not gather in the crops, to guarantee seed production quality.
The present invention compared with prior art excellent results is following:
The present invention is through analyzing the north and weather conditions such as southern illumination, through regulate the sowing time, conditions such as the row ratio of sowing, line space, realized the distant hybridization of tropical corn germplasm teosinte and temperate zone corn germplasm under northern field condition; Compare with the northern distant hybridization method of routine, the present invention has saved dark place reason means such as restriction and the shading of facility conditions such as greenhouse, booth, has also saved the operation of artificial bagging pollination, can natural crossing pollination under the open-air condition of land for growing field crops.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the photo of plantation of this field of embodiment 1 father and mother and the crossbreed that makes.
Fig. 2 is the photo of plantation of this field of embodiment 2 father and mother and the crossbreed that makes.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done further elaboration, but institute of the present invention protection domain is not limited thereto.
No. 2, corn inbred line neat 319 are herded available from Shandong kind at dawn industry Science and Technology Ltd. in teosinte kind Shandong among the embodiment, and corn inbred line dashes 72 and grinds agriculture breeding Co., Ltd available from the Shandong, Shandong.
Embodiment 1
Breeding plot: herbage proving ground, two another arena, Dongying City Guang Bei farm, experimental field area 3000m
2, on every side 500m with interior be the cotton field entirely, safe isolation condition is better, begins field experiment in May, 2011.
Illumination condition: an annual sunshine time is 2500h.
A kind of method of utilizing teosinte assembly corn new germplasm in the long-day area comprises the steps:
(1) be soaked in water male parent teosinte kind " herd No. 2 Shandong " seed 18 hours, in order to seed sprouting, floating seed is pulled out and is discarded in the immersion process, to guarantee to emerge quality, is seeded in the breeding plot May 5; Maternal corn inbred line dashed and tedded 1 day before 72 seeds are broadcast, and treated temperate zone corn inbred line seed as female parent, was seeded in the breeding plot June 25;
Male parent line-spacing 540cm, artificial drilling, the male parent amount of broadcasting 30kg/ha; Maternal plant 6 row in the ranks in male parent, the line-spacing between female parent is 60cm, and the line-spacing of male parent and adjacent female parent is 120cm.The machinery drilling, the female parent amount of broadcasting 150kg/ha.
(2) respectively carry out 3 assorted seedlings, special-shaped seedlings respectively in seedling stage, shooting stage with during taking out male loose powder and remove operation; The assorted strain of male parent is pulled out before loose powder, and maternal assorted strain is pulled out before castration;
(3) pull out tassel at least one time every day at the tasseling stage of female parent, all pull out until maternal tassel; The tassel of pulling out is all taken seed farm out of and is digged pit and bury;
(4) carry out artificial supplementary pollination in the pollination phase, after the pollination phase finishes, in by the end of August the male parent row all being surgeried, more to help maternal growth;
(5) early October gathers in the crops, and chooses kind of a grain length degree 0.5-0.8cm, grey or brown, kind particle shape shape size homogeneous, and the seed of thousand kernel weight 70-80g promptly gets crossbreed.
Weigh results crossbreed 240kg after the air-dry threshing of seed.The inbred line that realizes hybridization accounts for more than 90% of sum, obtains crossbreed 160g/ strain.Fig. 1 is the crossbreed that present embodiment makes.
Embodiment 2
The breeding plot: herbage proving ground, mulberry field, Jinan City road is positioned at academy of agricultural sciences, road, mulberry field, Jinan City institute of corn institute, experimental field area 800m
2, all be building constructions on every side, have the good condition that safety is isolated.Tested in May, 2010 and carry out.
Illumination condition: an annual sunshine time is 2250h.
A kind of method of utilizing teosinte assembly corn new germplasm in the long-day area comprises the steps:
(1) be soaked in water male parent teosinte kind " herd No. 2 Shandong " seed 24 hours, in order to seed sprouting, floating seed is pulled out and is discarded in the immersion process, to guarantee to emerge quality, is seeded in the breeding plot April 28; Before broadcasting, tedded 1 day in neat 319 seeds of maternal corn inbred line.Treated temperate zone corn inbred line seed as female parent, was seeded in the breeding plot June 25;
Male parent line-spacing 510cm, artificial drilling, the male parent amount of broadcasting 45kg/ha; Maternal line-spacing between female parent is 70cm in artificial in the ranks bunch planting plantation 4 row of male parent, and the line-spacing of male parent and adjacent female parent is 150cm.The machinery drilling, the female parent amount of broadcasting 120kg/ha.
(2) respectively carry out 4 assorted seedlings, special-shaped seedlings respectively in seedling stage, shooting stage with during taking out male loose powder and remove operation; The assorted strain of male parent is pulled out before loose powder, and maternal assorted strain is pulled out before castration;
(3) pull out tassel at least one time every day at the tasseling stage of female parent, all pull out until maternal tassel; The tassel of pulling out is all taken seed farm out of and is digged pit and bury;
(4) carry out artificial supplementary pollination in the pollination phase, after the pollination phase finishes, in by the end of August the male parent row all being surgeried, more to help maternal growth;
(5) early October gathers in the crops, and chooses kind of a grain length degree 0.5-0.8cm, grey or brown, kind particle shape shape size homogeneous, and the seed of thousand kernel weight 70-80g promptly gets crossbreed.
Weigh results crossbreed 26kg after the air-dry threshing of seed.The inbred line that realizes hybridization accounts for 90% of sum, obtains crossbreed 150g/ strain.Fig. 2 is the crossbreed that present embodiment makes.
Reference examples 1
This reference examples is still carried out in herbage proving ground, mulberry field, Jinan City road, and experimental field area 800m2 all is a building constructions on every side, has the good condition that safety is isolated.Tested in May, 2010 and carry out.
Illumination condition: an annual sunshine time is 2250h.
Concrete steps are following:
(1) male parent is selected teosinte kind " companion ", and this kind is Brazilian import kind, and Jinan Ge Ruisi grass cultivation Science and Technology Ltd. is on sale.The male parent that is soaked in water " companion " seed 24 hours, in order to seed sprouting, floating seed is pulled out and is discarded in the immersion process, to guarantee to emerge quality, is seeded in the breeding plot April 28; Before broadcasting, tedded 1 day in neat 319 seeds of maternal corn inbred line.Treated temperate zone corn inbred line seed as female parent, was seeded in the breeding plot June 25;
Male parent line-spacing 510cm, artificial drilling, the amount of broadcasting 30kg/ha; Maternal in artificial in the ranks bunch planting plantation 4 row of male parent, line-spacing 70cm, the amount of broadcasting 120kg/ha.The line-spacing of next-door neighbour's male parent row is 150cm.
(2) respectively carry out 4 assorted seedlings, special-shaped seedlings respectively in seedling stage, shooting stage with during taking out male loose powder and remove operation; The assorted strain of male parent was pulled out in seedling stage, and maternal assorted strain is pulled out before castration;
Maternal weave silk, but male parent just begins to take out hero until by the end of September, fail flower synchronization, therefore do not gather in the crops a crossbreed in early August.
Reference examples 2
Breeding plot: in the greenhouse, Beijing.
Illumination condition: average sunshine time is 2780.2h.
Male parent: the teosinte of introducing from corn center, U.S. Illinois.
Maternal: corn 383
Concrete steps are referring to Zhou Hongsheng, Deng Yinghai, Li Jingxiong. the research of corn (Zea mays L.) * teosinte (Zea deploperennis L.) distant hybridization selecting and breeding corn inbred line. and Acta Agronomica Sinica, 1997,23 (3): 334～337;
This reference examples is utilized the teosinte hot-house culture, and 11 fringes are awarded in bloom back and inbred line 383 hybridization altogether, obtain 24 seeds, ripening rate only 4.4%, wherein 13 seeds only 4 emerge, ripening rate and emergence rate are all not high, to be that seed is not full cause main cause.
Reference examples 3
The breeding plot: Jinan, Shandong, in the plastic canopy.
Illumination condition: 2250h.
Male parent: herd No. 2 the teosinte Shandong.
Maternal: 7 inbred lines such as neat 319, P10.
Concrete steps are referring to Jia Chunlin, Zhang Yong, and kingdom is good, etc. teosinte new germ plasm and the research of temperate zone corn inbred line distant hybridization effect under the long day environment. corn science 2010,18 (3): 53-56
This reference examples utilizes plastic canopy to carry out the cross experiment of teosinte and 11 temperate zone corn inbred lines in Jinan; And compare with open-air field experiment; The result shows; There are 7 inbred lines and male parent teosinte to realize hybridization under the booth condition, realize that the inbred line of hybridization accounts for 63.6% of sum, obtain crossbreed 17.9g/ strain; And field condition realizes that down the inbred line of hybridization accounts for 72.7% of sum, obtains crossbreed 127.5g/ strain, and the crossbreed output from results significantly is superior under the field condition hybridizing under the booth condition.
Interpretation of result
Find that through the contrast of embodiment and reference examples the method for the invention is under the long-day condition of the same north, can realize need not any facility cultivation, under field condition, can realize the purpose with the hybridization of temperate zone corn inbred line, and the hybrid seed yield height, easy and simple to handle.
Claims (9)
1. a method of utilizing teosinte assembly corn new germplasm in the long-day area is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) with treated teosinte seed as male parent, between the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, be seeded in the breeding plot; Treated temperate zone corn inbred line seed as female parent, is seeded in the breeding plot in late June;
During sowing, when female parent was open and flat blade profile, father and mother's one's own profession was than being 1:4, and the line-spacing between male parent is 510～540cm, and male parent and adjacent maternal spacing are 150～250cm, and the line-spacing between female parent is 70～80cm; The male parent amount of broadcasting 45～60kg/ha, the female parent amount of broadcasting 90～130kg/ha;
When female parent during for perpendicular blade profile, father and mother's one's own profession is than being 1:6, and the line-spacing between male parent is 490～540cm, and male parent and adjacent maternal spacing are 120～220cm, and the line-spacing between female parent is 50～60cm; The male parent amount of broadcasting 30～45kg/ha, the female parent amount of broadcasting 120～150kg/ha;
(2) mix in seedling stage, shooting stage with during taking out male loose powder seedling, special-shaped seedling removed operation; The assorted strain of male parent is pulled out before loose powder, and maternal assorted strain is pulled out before castration;
(3) pull out tassel at least one time every day at the tasseling stage of female parent, all pull out until maternal tassel;
(4) carry out artificial supplementary pollination in the pollination phase, after the pollination phase finishes, remove male parent;
(5) early October gathers in the crops, and promptly gets crossbreed.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the male parent in the said step (1) is that herd No. 2 big hay kind grass Shandong.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the female parent in the said step (1) be corn inbred line neat 319, dash 72, CH7-2, combine 31,178.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the treated teosinte seed in the said step (1) is through 12～24 hours teosinte seed of water logging bubble.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the treated temperate zone corn inbred line seed in the said step (1) be bask seeds, temperate zone corn inbred line seed that seed soaking and dressing seed obtain.
6. the method for claim 1; It is characterized in that; Breeding plot in the said step (1) be with other zasiokaurin source place on every side at least at a distance of 300 meters plot, perhaps plant long-stalked crops such as Chinese sorghum around the plot and carry out that barrier is isolated and the sown scope of long-stalked crops is not less than 50m.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the tassel of pulling out in the said step (3) is taken the breeding plot out of and carried out landfill disposal.
8. the method for claim 1; It is characterized in that; Artificial supplementary pollination in the said step (4) is meant and comes into bloom and the supplementary pollination work in the latter stage of blooming, and when female parent is weaved silk when being later than male parent and taking out male latter stage, or male parent is taken out hero and is later than when female parent is weaved silk latter stage and carries out.
9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in the results process of said step (5), should choose kind of grain length degree a 0.5～0.8cm, grey or brown, kind particle shape shape size homogeneous, the crossbreed of thousand kernel weight 70～80g.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106591325A (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2017-04-26 | 河南农业大学 | Method for breeding early-blossoming corn by adopting corn gene ZmDPS10-2 and applications of method |
| CN112136684A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-29 | 连云港市农业科学院 | Efficient testing and matching method for corn line selection |
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| EP1100311B1 (en) * | 1998-08-05 | 2007-10-10 | Mary Wilkes Eubanks | Novel genetic materials for transmission into maize |
| CN101843215A (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2010-09-29 | 四川农业大学 | Hybrid seed production method for forage maize |
| CN102484981A (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2012-06-06 | 重庆三峡农业科学院 | Method for creating common maize inbred-line by introducing teosintes in maize cultivated specie |
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| US5330547A (en) * | 1990-11-13 | 1994-07-19 | Eubanks Mary W | Methods and materials for conferring tripsacum genes in maize |
| EP1100311B1 (en) * | 1998-08-05 | 2007-10-10 | Mary Wilkes Eubanks | Novel genetic materials for transmission into maize |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106591325A (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2017-04-26 | 河南农业大学 | Method for breeding early-blossoming corn by adopting corn gene ZmDPS10-2 and applications of method |
| CN112136684A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-29 | 连云港市农业科学院 | Efficient testing and matching method for corn line selection |
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Application publication date: 20121121 |