CN112136684A - Efficient testing and matching method for corn line selection - Google Patents
Efficient testing and matching method for corn line selection Download PDFInfo
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- CN112136684A CN112136684A CN202010998021.2A CN202010998021A CN112136684A CN 112136684 A CN112136684 A CN 112136684A CN 202010998021 A CN202010998021 A CN 202010998021A CN 112136684 A CN112136684 A CN 112136684A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency testing and matching method for corn line selection, which comprises the following steps: (1) determining the number of the female parent of the line to be tested and the male parent of the test species in the selected line; (2) dividing an inbred area and a testing and matching area; (3) the test distribution area is divided into a test seed father area and a test line mother area, the planting method is that the test seed father area and the test line mother area are planted in a one-to-one correspondence mode, one male parent corresponds to one set of female parent, and the male parent and the female parent are planted on one ridge; (4) sowing the test seed male parent; (5) sowing the female parent of the line to be detected; (6) uniformly changing the brand number of each measured and matched material of the line to be measured and matched in the measured and matched area 45-55 days after sowing; (7) bagging and pollinating the female parent of the strain to be detected; (8) and (6) harvesting. The method is an easy-to-operate, time-saving, labor-saving and high-quality corn line selection testing and matching method, saves a large amount of energy for scientific research personnel in a tension pollination period, is easy to check the pollination quality, can concentrate and repeat pollination, ensures that lines to be tested can be both firm, is easy to complete a work plan, and ensures the breeding work quality and efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop genetic breeding, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency testing and matching method for corn line selection.
Background
Since the 21 st century, corn has surpassed rice and wheat and has become the first crop in the world, corn is grown in more than 100 countries around the world, corn is the most widely grown crop, and the major corn producing countries include the united states, china, brazil, argentina, the european union, mexico, india, etc., of which china and the united states are the largest 2 corn producing countries around the world. Corn is the second crop in China, is only second to rice, is widely distributed in China, is mainly distributed in northeast, northwest and southwest regions to form a narrow corn planting belt from the northeast to the southwest, and the belt-shaped region concentrates 85% of the total planting area and 90% of the yield of the Chinese corn. Jilin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Heilongjiang, inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Sichuan, Yunnan and Shaanxi are 10 provinces with the largest corn sowing area, wherein the planting area of Jilin, Hebei and Shandong accounts for more than 10% of the whole country.
At present, a large foreign breeding company advocates commercial breeding, and both germplasm improvement and breeding programs have the characteristics of flow and scale, so that a huge fund source is needed for supporting the scale scientific research, and many small and medium-sized enterprises and local agricultural scientific research units in our country cannot execute the breeding due to fund problems. Therefore, in a period of time, medium and small enterprises or scientific research institutes need to control the breeding scale according to self conditions and based on local ecological areas, and the scale of each stage is correspondingly and reasonably controlled and adjusted according to the actual investment condition of the company, so that a field breeding scale and a testing system suitable for the medium and small enterprises or scientific research institutes are constructed. At present, most of the national breeding units exist in the form of topic groups, and the number of scientific research personnel is 1-2, most of the scientific research personnel is about 3-5, so that in the breeding process, the self-selection line, the compound combination, the new combination seed production, the hybridization combination configuration, the measurement and matching work and other tasks are faced in the pollination link, and the measurement and matching work is also work with large workload and strong technology, is difficult to execute temporarily, and brings great working pressure to breeding workers. Therefore, the whole working scheme is optimized through reasonable layout, experimental design and the like, the pollination working procedure is solidified, and the distraction of the breeding workers due to the measurement and matching work during pollination can be avoided or reduced, so that the breeding efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a corn selected line testing and matching method which is easy to operate, time-saving, labor-saving and high in quality aiming at the technical problem of low selected line testing and matching efficiency in the conventional corn inbred line breeding process.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-efficiency testing and matching method for corn line selection comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the number of the female parent of the line to be tested and the number of the male parent of the test species in the selected line, and numbering the male parents of the test species as F1, F2, F3, … … and Fm;
(2) carrying out test crossing and selfing generation-adding work on the female parent of the line to be tested separately, dividing a selfing area and a testing and matching area, carrying out conventional selfing on the female parent of the line to be tested in the selfing area, and planning the testing and matching area independently;
(3) the test distribution area is divided into a test seed parent area and a test line parent area, the serial numbers of the test line parent are M1, M2, M3, … … and Mn, and the serial number of the test distribution area corresponding to the selfing area is recorded; the planting method comprises the steps of planting in a one-to-one correspondence mode, enabling one male parent to correspond to one set of female parent, and planting the male parent and the female parent on one ridge;
(4) sowing the test seeds of the male parent: the male parent of the test strain is sowed in three periods, the sowing period is set according to the pollen scattering period of the male parent and the female parent, if the male parent scatters pollen late, the male parent is sowed first, the female parent and the male parent in the second period are sowed in the same period, and the time interval of each period is 3-5 days; if the father and the mother plant scatter powder at the same time, sowing the seeds at the same time with the mother plant at the same time, wherein the time interval of each period is 3-5 days;
(5) sowing the female parent of the line to be detected;
(6) after 45-55 days of sowing, uniformly changing the number of each testing and matching material of the female parent of the system to be tested in the testing and matching area, wherein the numbers of the female parent areas of the system to be tested corresponding to F1 are F1M1, F1M2, F1M3, … … and F1Mn, the numbers of the female parent areas of the system to be tested corresponding to F2 are F2M1, F2M2, F2M3, … … and F2Mn, and so on, the numbers of the female parent areas of the system to be tested corresponding to Fm are FmM1, FmM2, FmM3, the.
(7) After the female parent of the line to be detected is hung, sleeving the female parent of the line to be detected with the female ear, simultaneously pulling out the male ear, and repeating every day to ensure that the female ear of the female parent area of the line to be detected does not leak; combining pollen scattering of the male parent of the test strain and the silking condition of the female parent of the line to be tested, cutting the filaments of the female parent in the first 1 day, taking pollen of the corresponding male parent in the same row on the 2 nd day to pollinate in the female parent area of the corresponding line to be tested, checking the pollination quality of the filaments every 3 days after primary pollination forming, leading the filaments not to wither, representing poor pollination, concentrating and supplementing the pollination again, realizing the whole process of operation process, and directly arranging a person specially assigned for taking charge;
(8) and (3) harvesting the female parent of the line to be tested 35-45 days after the last pollination, and directly harvesting each material plant-hanging brand and the pollination fruit cluster together.
As a preferable technical scheme, the row spacing of each ridge in the step (3) is 60-65cm, and the sowing density of the male parent and the female parent is controlled to be 3500-4500 plants/mu. Further preferably, the sowing density of the parents is controlled at 4000 plants/mu.
As a preferred technical scheme, when the female parent of the line to be tested is sown in the step (5), generally 1 hole is planted on each material, 4 seedlings are planted in each hole, and 2 seedlings are protected in each hole; or the seeding quantity needed is determined according to the number of the test-crossing combination multi-point identification points, 1 seedling is kept in each hole if the number of the seedlings exceeds 2, and the seedlings are sowed according to equal plant spacing. The male parent can also be sown according to the standard, but is not as strict as the female parent.
As a preferred technical scheme, when the female parent of the line to be tested is sown in the step (5), each material is distinguished according to holes when 2 female parents are left, and the sowing hole distance is 40-50 cm; or more than 3 plants are reserved in the female parent, and the plant distance is 20-25cm, so that the distance between every two materials of the female parent is 35-45 cm for distinguishing. Further preferably, when the female parent of the line to be tested is sowed in the step (5), the row spacing of the sowed female parent is 20cm, and the spacing distance between materials of the female parent is 40 cm.
As a preferred technical scheme, the single plant reaches five leaves and one heart for 80 percent of the period of final singling after the female parent of the line to be tested and the male parent of the test strain are sown.
During planting, the male parent and the female parent are planted on a ridge according to a planting method, and the walkways of the father area and the female parent area are left for about 1 meter so as to facilitate operation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
compared with the traditional method, the corn line selection and measurement method of the invention comprises the following steps: according to the method, after a formula measuring scheme is determined, the male parents in the same row are directly taken to pollinate the female parent group in the same row in a pollination period, and the method does not need to hang tags or record in operation, so that a great deal of energy is saved for scientific researchers in a tension pollination period; the testing and matching area and the selfing area are separated, so that the mixing in the harvesting process can be prevented; the test female parent single plant spacing is 20cm, the distance between materials is 40cm, the side row advantages are fully utilized, the space for distinguishing the materials is provided, and compared with the traditional large walkway with the length of about 1m, a large amount of land and cost are saved. The pollination quality is easy to check, repeated pollination can be concentrated, and the line to be tested can be guaranteed to be firm, so that the comparison can be carried out under the same condition in the next quarter, the working plan can be easily completed, and the breeding working quality and efficiency can be guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a parental layout for the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a layout diagram of a conventional parent. The method comprises the steps of determining the seeding row length and the seeding row number of each material according to a breeding plan, wherein in order to facilitate operation and arrangement, a father area is in front of a mother area, the mothers are arranged in an S shape according to the terrain, corresponding male parent pollen is taken from a line to be tested according to the breeding test and matching plan during pollination, single plants with smooth silking and silking are found in the mother area according to the breeding plan for hybridization, and timely listing registration is carried out until the test and matching plan is completed. The method needs to make a pollination plan in advance, make the pollen dispersing date of the male parent and master the pollen dispersing situation of the male parent and the silking situation of the female parent in time, and once the pollination quality is poor, secondary pollination is very complicated because the 1-row female parent contains the testing and matching combination of other male parents, scientific research personnel are distracted in the pollination tension time, and the testing and matching quality is difficult to guarantee.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
A high-efficiency testing and matching method for corn line selection comprises the following operation steps:
(1) 210 parts of selected line from foreign hybrid 78599 are determined as female parent of line to be tested, 5 parts of material suitable for the ecological region in the bone stem line of the unit are selected as male parent of test seed, wherein 3 parts are yellow leading-blood margin and are Chang 7-2, 702F and L051 respectively, 2 parts are reid leading-blood margin and are Zheng 58 and L112 respectively. The test species were numbered as male parents F1, F2, F3, F4, F5.
(2) The method comprises the steps of carrying out test crossing and selfing generation-adding work on female parents to be tested separately, dividing a selfing area and a testing and matching area, carrying out selfing generation-adding work on the female parents to be tested in the selfing area according to a conventional selfing plan, planning the testing and matching area independently, recording serial numbers of the female parents to be tested in the testing and matching area, namely M1, M2, M3, No. 6, M210, and recording serial numbers of the testing and matching area corresponding to the selfing area.
(3) The test distribution area is divided into a test seed father area and a test line mother area, the planting method is that the test seed father area and the test line mother area are planted in a one-to-one correspondence mode, a male parent corresponds to a set of female parents, the male parents and the female parents are planted on a ridge, and the layout method of the male parents and the female parents is shown in figure 1. The row spacing of each ridge is 60-65cm, the seeding density of the male parent and the female parent is controlled to be about 4000 plants/mu, and the seeding density is not suitable to be too large.
(4) Sowing the test seeds of the male parent: the male parent of each test variety is sowed in three periods, the sowing period is set according to the pollen scattering periods of the male parent and the female parent, in order to facilitate the flower period meeting of the male parent and the female parent, the first period is sowed with the female parent in the same period, the second period is separated from the first period by 5 days, and the third period is separated from the second period by 3 days.
(5) Seeding a female parent of the strain to be tested: the female parent is tested and planted in 1 hole of each material, 4 seeds are planted in each hole, and 2 seedlings are protected in each hole. The female parent is sowed with the hole distance of 40 cm. The final singling period of the female parent of the line to be tested and the male parent of the test seed after sowing is 80 percent, and the single plants reach five leaves and one heart, so that 2 plants are guaranteed for each material.
(6) And (2) normally managing in the field, inserting one card for every 10 materials, marking, uniformly changing the number of each testing and matching material of the female parent of the system to be tested in the testing and matching area 50 days after sowing, wherein the female parent area of the system to be tested corresponding to the male parent F1 is numbered as F1M1, F1M2, F1M3, and the female parent area of the system to be tested corresponding to the male parent F1 is numbered as F2M1, F2M2, F2M3, and.
(7) After each female parent of the line to be tested is branded, arranging a specially-assigned female ear, simultaneously pulling out a male ear, repeating every day until the bagging of the female ear of the female parent area of the line to be tested is finished, ensuring that the sheathing is not leaked, simultaneously combining pollen scattering of the male parent of the test strain and the spinning situation of the female parent of the line to be tested, arranging workers to cut filaments of the female parent on the previous day, taking pollen of the corresponding male parent of the father area of the test strain in the same row on the second day to pollinate the female parent area of the line to be tested, checking the pollination quality of the filaments every 3 days after primary pollination forming, indicating that the pollination is not good if the filaments are not withered, supplementing the pollination once again until each single plant is pollinated, needing no branding and no recording in the whole process, realizing the process.
(8) Harvesting is started after 40 days of the last pollination, each material is directly hung on a plant brand and is harvested together with the pollination ears, 3 bags are arranged after drying and threshing, 120 grains are packed, 1 bag is taken for each arranged test and crossing combination, a control is inserted into each line 10, and 3 points are set for multipoint identification.
(9) Through multi-point production testing comparison, the test cross combinations of F2M26, F2M76, F2M129, F2M136, F3M12 and F3M21 show about 5% of yield increase, wherein the F2M26 and F2M76 combination of the Zhengdan 958 control show 10.2% and 12.4% of yield increase.
(10) In 2012, product ratio tests are arranged at 6 points of 6 combinations in History, Jiangsu Liyuanchong, Jiangsu Xuzhou, Jiangsu Huaian, Shandong Laizhou and Henan Anyang, and the results show that each point of the combination F2M76 shows that the yield is increased by 5.4% compared with the average yield of a control.
(11) In 2013, a recommended combination F2M76 (test name and test 12-76) participates in a regional test in northern Huaihe area of Jiangsu province, the combination shows stable yield in 2013 and 2017, the yield is increased by 5.8 percent, the comprehensive resistance is good, and the combination is approved by a corn variety approval committee of Jiangsu province in 2017 and is named as 'Suyu 45'.
Example 2
A high-efficiency testing and matching method for corn line selection comprises the following operation steps:
(1) 336 parts of selected line from foreign hybrid X1132 are determined as female parent of line to be tested, 6 parts of material suitable for the ecological region in the bone stem line of the unit are selected as test seeds, wherein 2 parts of source yellow modified line are Chang 7-2 and L051 respectively. 2 parts of a source Huang Lu L422, S121, 2 parts of a source 78599 group, X178 and Lian 583. The test species were numbered as male parents F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6.
(2) The method comprises the steps of carrying out test crossing and selfing generation-adding work on female parents to be tested separately, dividing a selfing area and a testing and matching area, carrying out selfing generation-adding work on the female parents to be tested in the selfing area according to a conventional selfing plan, planning the testing and matching area independently, recording serial numbers of the female parents to be tested in the testing and matching area, namely M1, M2, M3, No. 6, M336, and recording serial numbers of the testing and matching area corresponding to the selfing area.
(3) The test distribution area is divided into a test seed parent area and a parent area of a line to be tested, the planting method is that the test seed parent area and the parent area are planted in a one-to-one correspondence mode, one male parent corresponds to one set of female parent, the male parent and the female parent are planted on one ridge, the layout method of the male parent and the female parent is shown in figure 1, the row spacing of each ridge is 60-65cm, the seeding density of the male parent and the female parent is controlled to be about 4000 plants/mu, and the seeding density is not suitable to.
(4) Sowing the test seeds of the male parent: the male parents of all the tested varieties are sown in three periods, so that the florescence of the male parents meets the florescence of the female parents, the first period and the female parents are sown in the same period, the second period and the first period are separated by 5 days, and the third period and the second period are separated by 3 days.
(5) Seeding a female parent of the strain to be tested: the female parent is measured and planted in 1 hole of each material, 4 seeds are planted in each hole, 2 seedlings are protected in each hole, the distance between every two female parent sowing holes is 40cm, and the distance between every two materials is 40cm so as to be distinguished. The final singling period of the female parent of the line to be tested and the male parent of the test seed after sowing is 80 percent, and the single plants reach five leaves and one heart, so that 2 plants are guaranteed for each material.
(6) Normal field management: one card is inserted into every 10 materials for marking, after 50 days of sowing, the number of each tested and matched material of a female parent of a system to be tested in a testing and matching area is changed uniformly, the number of the testing and matching female parent area corresponding to a male parent F1 is F1M1, F1M2, F1M3, and the number of the testing and matching female parent area corresponding to a male parent F1 is F2M1, F2M2, F2M3, and the number of the testing and matching female parent area corresponding to F2 is F2M1, F6M2, F6M3, and the number of the testing and matching female parent area corresponding to F2 is F6M1, F6M2, F6M3, and the number of the.
(7) After each female parent of the line to be tested is branded, arranging a specially-assigned female ear, simultaneously pulling out a male ear, repeating every day until the bagging of the female ear of the female parent area of the line to be tested is finished, ensuring that the sheathing is not leaked, simultaneously combining pollen scattering of the male parent of the test strain and the spinning situation of the female parent of the line to be tested, arranging workers to cut filaments of the female parent on the previous day, taking pollen of the corresponding male parent of the father area of the test strain in the same row on the second day to pollinate the female parent area of the line to be tested, checking the pollination quality of the filaments every 3 days after primary pollination forming, indicating that the pollination is not good if the filaments are not withered, supplementing the pollination once again until each single plant is pollinated, needing no branding and no recording in the whole process, realizing the process.
(8) Harvesting is started after 40 days of the last pollination, each material is directly hung on a plant brand and is harvested together with the pollination ears, 3 bags are arranged after drying and threshing, 120 grains are packed, 1 bag is taken for each arranged test and crossing combination, a control is inserted into each line 10, and 3 points are set for multipoint identification.
(9) Through multi-point test yield comparison, the test cross combinations F1M126, F2M222, F2M12, F3M116, F3M256, F4M211 and F4M217 show the yield increase of between 5 and 10 percent, wherein the F2M222 and F3M116 combinations are increased by 10.5 percent and 13.6 percent compared with the Zhengdan 958 control.
(10) In 2012, product ratio tests are arranged at 7 points of 7 combinations in History, Jiangsu Liyuanchong, Jiangsu Xuzhou, Jiangsu Huaian, Shandong Laizhou and Henan Anyang, and the results show that each point of the F2M222 combination shows that the yield is increased by 7.2% compared with the average yield of a control.
(11) In 2013, the F2M222 (a test name is shown as 14948) is recommended to participate in a regional test of the northern Huaihei area of Jiangsu province, the yield of the combination is stable in 2014-plus 2019, the yield is increased by 8.2%, the comprehensive resistance is good, and the combination passes through a production test of common corns in the northern Huaihei area of the Jiangsu province in 2019 and meets the approval procedure.
Claims (7)
1. A corn line selection efficient testing and matching method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining the number of the female parent of the line to be tested and the number of the male parent of the test species in the selected line, and numbering the male parents of the test species as F1, F2, F3, … … and Fm;
(2) carrying out test crossing and selfing generation-adding work on the female parent of the line to be tested separately, dividing a selfing area and a testing and matching area, carrying out conventional selfing on the female parent of the line to be tested in the selfing area, and planning the testing and matching area independently;
(3) the test distribution area is divided into a test seed parent area and a test line parent area, the serial numbers of the test line parent are M1, M2, M3, … … and Mn, and the serial number of the test distribution area corresponding to the selfing area is recorded; the planting method comprises the steps of planting in a one-to-one correspondence mode, enabling one male parent to correspond to one set of female parent, and planting the male parent and the female parent on one ridge;
(4) sowing the test seeds of the male parent: the male parent of the test strain is sowed in three periods, the sowing period is set according to the pollen scattering period of the male parent and the female parent, if the male parent scatters pollen late, the male parent is sowed first, the female parent and the male parent in the second period are sowed in the same period, and the time interval of each period is 3-5 days; if the father and the mother plant scatter powder at the same time, sowing the seeds at the same time with the mother plant at the same time, wherein the time interval of each period is 3-5 days;
(5) sowing the female parent of the line to be detected;
(6) after 45-55 days of sowing, uniformly changing the number of each testing and matching material of the female parent of the system to be tested in the testing and matching area, wherein the numbers of the female parent areas of the system to be tested corresponding to F1 are F1M1, F1M2, F1M3, … … and F1Mn, the numbers of the female parent areas of the system to be tested corresponding to F2 are F2M1, F2M2, F2M3, … … and F2Mn, and so on, the numbers of the female parent areas of the system to be tested corresponding to Fm are FmM1, FmM2, FmM3, and fmMn;
(7) after the female parent of the line to be detected is hung, sleeving the female parent of the line to be detected with the female ear, and simultaneously pulling out the male ear; combining the pollen of the male parent of the test strain with the silking condition of the female parent of the line to be tested, cutting the filaments of the female parent one day before, taking the pollen of the corresponding male parent in the same row for pollination in the region of the female parent of the corresponding line to be tested on the next day, checking the pollination quality of the filaments every 3 days after primary pollination forming, and intensively replenishing the pollination again;
(8) and (3) harvesting the female parent of the line to be tested 35-45 days after the last pollination, and directly harvesting each material plant-hanging brand and the pollination fruit cluster together.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing of each ridge in the step (3) is 60-65cm, and the sowing density of the male parent and the female parent is controlled to be 3500-4500 plants/mu.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the seeding density of the parent and the mother is controlled at 4000 plants/mu.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the female parent of the line to be tested is sown in the step (5), 1 hole is generally planted in each material, 4 seedlings are planted in each hole, and 2 seedlings are protected in each hole; or the seeding quantity needed is determined according to the number of the test-crossing combination multi-point identification points, 1 seedling is kept in each hole if the number of the seedlings exceeds 2, and the seedlings are sowed according to equal plant spacing.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein when the female parent of the line to be tested is sown in the step (5), the materials are separated according to holes when 2 female parents are left, and the sowing hole distance is 40-50 cm; or more than 3 plants are reserved in the female parent, the plant distance is 20-25cm, and the distance between every two materials is 35-45 cm for distinguishing.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the distance between the female parent and the female parent is 20cm and the distance between the materials is 40cm when the female parent of the line to be tested is sown in the step (5).
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the period of the final singling after the seeding of the female parent of the test line and the male parent of the test species is 80% of that of the single plant reaching five leaves and one heart.
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