CN102771302B - Method for increasing volume of low-yield land by crop rotation of wheat straw hoods - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for increasing the volume of the low-yield land by crop rotation of wheat straw hoods. The method comprises the steps of a. planting vetiveria zizanioides; b. initially improving the low-yield land; c. planting crops; and d. repeating the steps a, b and c. After three crop rotation periods are finished, the low-yield land can be improved to be medium-yield land. The biomass liveweight of the ground part of the vetiveria zizanioides is large and reaches 58-100t/ha, the full doses of C, N, P and K of the stems and leaf branches in 1kg of vetiveria zizanioides are respectively 422g, 17.4g, 0.5g and 7.5g, so that the stems are decomposed in the soil naturally to play the roles of improving fertility, and improving the oil structure. Meanwhile, the stems of the vetiveria zizanioides are paved on the ground to play the roles of conserving water resources, and preventing rainwater from washing the soil. After the crop rotation of the vetiveria zizanioides, the soil is soft, and the workability of soil is enhanced; the soil fertility (organic nitrogen content) is improved by 60%; the water content of the soil is improved by 30%; the runoff of the oil is reduced by 40%; the grain is increased by 50% in the drought weather, and is increased by 20% in the regular year.

Description

A kind of low-yield land wheat straw crop rotation method for increasing

Technical field

The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting method and technology field, particularly a kind of low-yield land wheat straw crop rotation method for increasing.

Technical background

Low-yield land soil refers to that Soil Factors is bad or the soil body is interior and there are one or more obstruction factors, have impact on soil productivity and plays, thus cause crop yield low and a class arable soil of shakiness.Low-yield land type is a lot, as saline land, loose wasteland, marshland, wetland etc.According to the data that " Chinese Summary of The Reglonalization of Cropping Systems " provides, 100,000,000 hectares of arable lands, the whole nation, middle-and-low-yielding fields account for about 20%.Current China population is in increase, and arable area is in minimizing, and following grain security, must lean on the Quality advance of these middle-and-low-yielding fields, the raising of per unit area yield ensures.The subject matter of low-yield land is that soil is barren, and soil organic nutrition content is low, and edaphon quantity is few, and soil graininess is poor, and basic water conservancy projects is poor, severe water and soil erosion, and long-term cropping yields poorly.The Main way of low-yield land volume increase improvement is volume increase of fostering and apply fertilizer, and builds water conservancy projects, prevents erosion.

The technology for making of low-yield land land reform has all over China carried out fruitful research, and has carried out effective exploration to the increasing yield of fostering and apply fertilizer of portion of techniques.The technical measures of current improvement middle-and-low-yielding fields can be summarized as two aspects, and one is engineering, and two is agronomic techniques.Engineering reconstruction low-yield land comprises building of irrigation works, canal system supporting and Canal Seepage Control Project, little hydraulic engineering construction and reinforces the aspect such as utilization, transforming slope into terrace technology, water-saving irrigation project technology.Engineering reconstruction middle-and-low-yielding fields Problems existing invests to take effect greatly slowly, and simple engineering can not increase fertility of land.General per hectare is only engineered need drop into materials cost 2250 ~ 3700 yuan, and transformation process also needs to pay a large amount of labours, and difficulty is large.China is a developing country, and limited fund, this investment strategy does not meet China's national situation.Although engineering can regular soil, prevent soil loss, can not increase soil fertility.Agronomic technique transformation low-yield land comprises the aspects such as technique of balanced fertilizer, crop cover degree technology, farming technique, planting plants hedge.Agronomic technique is Be very effective in raising low-yield soil fertility, but is preventing soil loss, water conservation aspect less effective.Therefore, only having combines engineering and agronomic technique fundamentally could improve the fertility in soil, really accomplishes the effect improving low-yield land.

Summary of the invention

For the deficiency of above Amelioration of low productive soil technology, the present invention intends proposing one and can prevent soil loss, again can water conservation, not only economy but also the low-yield land wheat straw crop rotation method for increasing that can increase soil fertility.

A kind of low-yield land wheat straw crop rotation method for increasing, comprises the steps:

A. plant and plant vetiver: 4 ~ May of First Year is needing the loose wasteland of improvement and slope by contour dense planting vetiver, spacing in the rows 45 ~ 55cm, line-spacing 65 ~ 75cm;

B. tentatively improve: slice off root meadow upper part and stem stalk winter, be laid in and need improve surface, plot, and light pressure of digging, make the slowly dry rot of stem stalk; Second Year vetiver self-sow, slices off root meadow upper part (stem stalk) October, is laid in and need improves plot, plough with Rotary tillage rake after pulverizing, the vetiver portion of tillering is routed up transport it with or be planted in field bund limit;

C. long-term cropping: sow wheat after ploughing, normal fertilizing management; 3rd year summer maize planting, normal fertilizing management; In October, the 3rd, sow wheat after ploughing, normal fertilizing management; In June, the 4th, getting wheat, completes a rotation cycle;

D. repeating a.b.c step, after 3 rotation cycle terminate, can be middle product field by Amelioration of low productive soil.

The present invention is a kind of Crop-grass intercropping cropping pattern improvement middle-and-low-yielding fields technology.Said " grain " refers to " cereal crops, as wheat, paddy rice, corn "; Said " grass " refers to " vetiver "; Said " middle-and-low-yielding fields " refer to rural area " loose wasteland " and " suitable cultivated hillside fields "; Said " rotation system " refers to, and " vetiver and cereal crops carry out crop rotation, adopt " two crop rotations in 4 years " pattern.Vetiver (Veti veria z i zanioides) is herbaceos perennial, and vetiver is shaky, usually just by a point root and stem of certain plants breeding.General plantation in spring, just can produce then and tiller in a large number.Vetiver through annual growth can grow up to the careless Li that envelope row reaches 75%, and play interception rainwash and silt, conserve water and soil effect.Vetiver Aboveground Biomass of Young is large, can reach 58-100t/ha, and the dry full dose C of every kg vetiver cauline leaf, N, P, K are respectively 422g, 17.4g, 0.5g, 7.5g, therefore stem stalk natural decomposition in soil, play increase fertility, improve the effect of soil structure.Cus-cus grass blade stalk is laid in the effect also played water conservation, prevent rain drop erosion soil in ground simultaneously.The root of vetiver can stretch into 2 ~ 3 meters, soil, maximum rhizosphere diameter can reach 1.5 meters, one closely knit " net of root system " is formed in soil layer, not only soil layer firmly can be tied, just as squeezing into ten million pile in soil layer, play the effect of water and soil conservation, the effect of improvement soil graininess can also be played, dead soil is become soil of living.Vetiver has rhizobium, effectively can increase soil fertility by fixed nitrogen.After vetiver crop rotation, soil becomes soft, and workability of soil strengthens; Soil fertility (organic nitrogen content) can improve 60%; Soil moisture content improves 30%; Soil runoff decreased 40%; Dry year increases in grain production 50%, normal time increases in grain production 20%.

Embodiment

A kind of low-yield land wheat straw crop rotation method for increasing, comprises the steps:

A. plant and plant vetiver: 4 ~ May of First Year is needing the loose wasteland of improvement and slope by contour dense planting vetiver, spacing in the rows 45 ~ 55cm, line-spacing 65 ~ 75cm;

B. tentatively improve: slice off root meadow upper part and stem stalk winter, be laid in and need improve surface, plot, and light pressure of digging, make the slowly dry rot of stem stalk; Second Year vetiver self-sow, slices off root meadow upper part (stem stalk) October, is laid in and need improves plot, plough with Rotary tillage rake after pulverizing, the vetiver portion of tillering is routed up transport it with or be planted in field bund limit;

C. long-term cropping: sow wheat after ploughing, normal fertilizing management; 3rd year summer maize planting, normal fertilizing management; In October, the 3rd, sow wheat after ploughing, normal fertilizing management; In June, the 4th, getting wheat, completes a rotation cycle;

D. repeating a.b.c step, after 3 rotation cycle terminate, can be middle product field by Amelioration of low productive soil.

The present invention is a kind of Crop-grass intercropping cropping pattern improvement middle-and-low-yielding fields technology.Said " grain " refers to " cereal crops, as wheat, paddy rice, corn "; Said " grass " refers to " vetiver "; Said " middle-and-low-yielding fields " refer to rural area " loose wasteland " and " suitable cultivated hillside fields "; Said " rotation system " refers to, and " vetiver and cereal crops carry out crop rotation, adopt " two crop rotations in 4 years " pattern.Vetiver (Veti veria z i zanioides) is herbaceos perennial, and vetiver is shaky, usually just by a point root and stem of certain plants breeding.General plantation in spring, just can produce then and tiller in a large number.Vetiver through annual growth can grow up to the careless Li that envelope row reaches 75%, and play interception rainwash and silt, conserve water and soil effect.Cus-cus grass blade stalk natural decomposition in soil, plays increase fertility, improves the effect of soil structure; Cus-cus grass blade stalk is laid in the effect also played water conservation, prevent rain drop erosion soil in ground simultaneously.The root of vetiver can stretch into 2 ~ 3 meters, soil, maximum rhizosphere diameter can reach 1.5 meters, one closely knit " net of root system " is formed in soil layer, not only soil layer firmly can be tied, just as squeezing into ten million pile in soil layer, play the effect of water and soil conservation, the effect of improvement soil graininess can also be played, dead soil is become soil of living.Vetiver has rhizobium, effectively can increase soil fertility by fixed nitrogen.After vetiver crop rotation, soil becomes soft, and workability of soil strengthens; Soil fertility (content of organic matter) can improve 64%; Soil moisture content improves 78.1%; Increases in grain production 64.5%.

The dark soil property of low-yield land and microorganism species change after the rotation cycle of table 1

After the rotation cycle of table 2, the dark soil fertility of low-yield land 0-20cm and grain yield (wheat+corn) are analyzed

Claims (1)

1. a low-yield land wheat straw crop rotation method for increasing, is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:

A. plant and plant vetiver: 4 ~ May of First Year is needing the loose wasteland of improvement and slope by contour dense planting vetiver, spacing in the rows 45 ~ 55cm, line-spacing 65 ~ 75cm;

B. tentatively improve: slice off root meadow upper part and stem stalk winter, be laid in and need improve surface, plot, and light pressure of digging, make the slowly dry rot of stem stalk; Second Year vetiver self-sow, slices off root meadow upper part stem stalk October, is laid in and need improves plot, plough with Rotary tillage rake after pulverizing, the vetiver portion of tillering is routed up transport it with or be planted in field bund limit;

C. long-term cropping: sow wheat after ploughing, normal fertilizing management; 3rd year summer maize planting, normal fertilizing management; In October, the 3rd, sow wheat after ploughing, normal fertilizing management; In June, the 4th, getting wheat, completes a rotation cycle;

D. repeating a.b.c step, after 3 rotation cycle terminate, can be middle product field by Amelioration of low productive soil.