CN1027361C - 聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂袋 - Google Patents
聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂袋 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯袋,其厚度10-200μm,100℃下氧渗透系数为5.0×10-10cc·cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg)或以下。
Description
本发明涉及需要对之加热灭菌的袋;具体讲,本发明涉及处置污物用袋,这种袋在盛有污物或废物状态下适于用热空气、蒸汽或热水高温灭菌处理。
迄今,人们一直用聚乙烯袋作为容纳废物用袋和保存食品用袋等。但是,当在袋中盛装医院中丢弃的需要加热灭菌的污物等(血液、体液或排泄物等等)或食物时,由于包装袋整体在高达130℃左右温度下加热,所以用聚乙烯袋招致破裂,因为其耐热性不够。为了避免此缺点,人们试图采用由聚丙烯制成的袋,但是这种袋的耐热性虽好,透气性却大,因此若用这种袋盛装污物,产生的臭气散到外部,而且处置时产生令人不愉快的感觉。作为解决此问题的手段,人们采用双层袋,这种袋包括其中掺有吸附剂的聚乙烯膜内袋和聚丙烯膜外袋。然而这种袋太贵,从经济观点看不适采用。
作为耐热性、阻气性和保持风味性均佳的膜,可以提及的有聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯树脂膜,但是由于这种膜双轴向取向,不能热封,所以这种膜不能用作单层袋。
本发明的目的是提供这样一种袋,它适于盛装需要加热灭菌的物质(例如医院中产生的污物或废物等),即使在用热空气、蒸汽或热水加热灭菌时也具有足够的耐热性。即使使用单层袋也具有足以容纳内容物的强度,具有不使灭菌时产生的气味散至外部的阻气性,并且具有优良的保持风味的性能。为此,我们作了研究,结果发现由特定的聚对苯二甲酸丁二醌树脂制成的膜适于达到此目的。基于这个发现我们完成了本发明。
本发明提供了一种聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯袋,其厚度为10-200μm,氧渗透系数在100℃为5.0×10-10cc·cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg)或以下。这种袋不向外部发散气味,而且适于加热处理内容物,这种袋的特征在于将食品、污物等等需要对之加热灭菌的物质装入其中,按照适当方法封闭袋口并且用热空气、蒸汽或热水处理所说的封口袋。
本发明中所谓聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯是指主重复链节由对苯二甲酸丁二酯构成的聚酯。具体讲,所说的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯是指通过使1,4-丁二醇和对苯二甲酸或其低级醇酯缩合而形成的聚酯。也可以使用主要由聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯组成的共聚物化合物。
在不影响达到本发明目的情况下,按照所需的性质可以使用传统上用于热塑性树脂和热固性树脂中的那些已知的添加剂,例如增塑剂、稳定剂(例如抗氧剂和紫外线吸收剂)、抗静电剂、表面活性剂、阻燃剂,阻燃助剂、着色剂(例如染料和颜料)以及流动性改进剂(例如润滑剂)和结晶促进剂(如核化剂)。而且在不影响达到本发明预期效果的前提下,根据需要可以辅助性地采用少量其它热塑性树脂或无机填料。
本发明的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂膜以聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂为原料采用吹塑法或T模法制备。用吹塑法制得的膜在许多方面优于用T模法制得的膜。例如,拉伸强度高,阻气性好,而且可以在低成本下制造吹塑膜。因此优选采用吹塑法制备的膜。
吹塑法常常用于成型聚乙烯膜,而且按照这种成型法将塑性材料自环形挤塑孔挤塑成管状,然后使空气之类流体吹入所说的管中将其吹胀成管状膜。按照T模法,将塑性材料自线型缝形挤塑膜孔挤塑成膜。吹塑法生产率最高。但是可以采用吹塑的树脂材料有限,不是所有树脂都能用吹塑法成型。因此,据认为聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯不能用吹塑
法加工。然而已发现,特性粘度至少为1.0,优选为1.0-2.5的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯可以成型为膜,而且与迄今在工业上制造的塑料膜相比这种膜具有适于达到本发明目的的一些性能。采用特性粘度值低于1.0的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂时,成膜困难,但是可以改变吹塑条件。如果由于所需的性质等原因而不得不采用特性粘度低于1.0的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂,可以按照T模法制备膜。即使按照T模法制膜,所用聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂的特性粘度也优选至少为0.5,最好是至少0.7。
用吹塑法制成管状膜后,可以按下法在低成本下极易制成袋,即将所说的管状膜切成预定的长度,然后,将一端热合。而且,由于按吹塑法无骤冷条件下制成的膜可以制成不透明的,所以不能从外部看到内容物,因此这种袋优选用于盛装废物或污物。此外,这种袋的优点还在于拉伸强度高、阻气性和保持风味的性能均佳。
本发明中使用的膜,尤其是吹塑膜具有耐热性,当把污物、废物之类物质作为内容物充填后能使袋子保持所需的足够强度,而且这种膜具有优良的阻气性、保持风味的性能和可热封性。因此,这种膜适于作为这种袋的材料。
也就是说,本发明的袋特征在于这种袋具有优良的阻气性和高机械强度,而且这些优良性能甚至于在蒸汽或热水处理温度下也基本不降低。具体地讲,其厚度为10-200μm,用ASTMD-1434法测定的100℃下氧渗透系数为5.0×10-10cc·cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg)或以下。优选值为厚度在20-100μm氧渗透系数为3.0×10-10cc·cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg)或以下。不可缺少的是:当经热空气、蒸气或热水处理后冷却袋子时,在23℃温度和50%相对湿度条件下拉伸强度与伸长率的降低比应当为20%或更小,优选10%或更小。如果氧渗透系数超过上述值,则处理时发散的气味显著;如果拉伸强度与伸第率间的降低比高于20%,则袋的破裂危险增大。
在相同的高温条件下测得的聚丙烯膜之氧渗透系数为1.1×10-3cc·cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg),所以聚丙烯膜比聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯膜差得多,聚丙烯膜中臭气之类物质的渗透作用显著。
本发明的袋的厚度为10-200μm,优选20-100μm。若厚度小于10μm,则在上述高温条件下这种袋就不具有所需机械性能(拉伸强度、伸长率和撕裂强度)。若厚度大于200μm,则开口端难热封而软度不足。在相同厚度下聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯膜的强度是其它热塑性树脂膜(如聚乙烯膜和聚丙烯膜)的强度的几倍。因此,可以减小袋厚度,因而从经济观点上看聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯袋有利。
本发明的袋优选湿气渗透性为7×10-3g·m/m2·天。
本发明的袋用作应当用热空气、热水或水蒸汽人外部灭菌的臭味废物盛装容器。使用时可以减少灭菌所需时间,因为所说袋具有高的湿气渗透性。本发明中可以通过用120-128℃的饱和水蒸汽处理15-40分钟而达到有效地灭菌。
聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂膜拉伸强度的温度依赖性,比聚丙烯树脂膜小,而且在加热灭菌后可以取出仍然处于热状态下的袋子,因而可以简化灭菌步骤。60℃下,聚多苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂膜的拉伸强度是聚丙烯膜的三倍,而且60℃下聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂膜的拉伸强度高于常温(23℃)下聚丙烯膜的拉伸强度。
以下,参照下列实施例详细说明本发明,但是这些实施例绝不限制本发明范围。
实施例1和比较例1和2
将一个聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)吹塑膜袋[厚度为70μm,长度1m,宽度50cm,25℃下用邻氯苯酚溶液测得的特性粘度为1.4,而且氧渗透系数为2.0×10-10cc·cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg)],一个与上述尺寸相同的聚丙烯(pp)吹塑膜袋[氧渗透系数为1.1×10-8cc·cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg)]和一个与上述尺寸相同的聚乙烯(PE)吹塑膜袋[氧渗透系数为2.5×10-8cc·cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg)]放在蒸缸内130℃热水或水蒸汽中保持30分钟,从蒸缸中放出这些袋并且于25℃温度和50%相对湿度下静置24小时。按照JIS Z-1702测量拉伸强度和伸长率。得到的结果列于表1中。
(表1见文后)
从表中看出,热水处理和蒸气处理后PBT袋保持其拉伸强度和伸长率。还看出,PBT袋的强度为相同厚度pp袋的2-2.5倍。从而证实用pp袋厚度的1/2或更小的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯膜可
以制得具有相同强度的袋子。
实施例2及比较例3和4
在一个聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)吹塑膜袋[厚70μm,长度1m和宽度50cm,在25℃下用邻氯苯酚溶液测得的特性粘度为1.4,以及氧渗透系数为4.5×10-10cc·cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg)]、一个比较例1用袋和一个在比较例1袋内侧有一个含祛臭剂的PE袋(厚度为70μm)的袋内,装入2千克浸渍有体液、血液和排泄物的脱脂棉和织物(自医院丢弃的),每个袋的袋口用橡皮筋扎好,每个袋均用130℃蒸汽热处理预定的时间。利用有机物敏感试验检查气味的有无、袋形状的改变和灭菌状态。得到的结果列于表2中。三种袋的灭菌状态均好。但是只由pp制成的袋,臭味发散到外部,因此不得不使用含祛臭剂的PE内袋。与之对比,PBT袋具有实际可用性。
(表2见文后)
在一个厚30μm、长20cm、宽10cm和氧渗透系数为3.0×10-10cc·cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg)的PBT吹塑膜袋中,装入2克上面吸附有粪臭素(3-甲基吲哚)或三甲胺的脱脂棉并将此袋热封。将此袋放在干燥器中保存在23℃温度和50%相对湿度下。每隔4小时检查一次气味,测量第一次查觉到该气味的时间。
为了比较,将上述同样物质装入一个pp吹塑膜袋[氧渗透系数为1.1×10-8cc·cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg)中,并且按上述同样方式评定pp袋。
得到的结果列于表3中。
表3
物质 实施例3(PBT袋) 比较例5(pp袋)
粪臭素 48小时 4小时
三甲胺 48小时 4小时
实施例4和比较例6
在不同预定温度下测定PBT吹塑膜[厚度70μm,氧渗透系数为2.0×10-10cc·cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg)]和pp吹塑膜[厚度70μm,氧渗透系数为1.1×10-8cc·cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg)]的拉伸强度。得到的结果列于表4中。
正如从表4看出的那样,PBT膜的拉伸强度大约是相应温度下pp膜拉伸强度的三倍,而且PBT膜拉伸强度的温度依赖性较小。也就是说,看到在耐热性方面PBT膜优于pp膜。
(表4见文后)
实施例5-6和比较例7
在一个市场上买到的绿色pp袋[厚度60μm,长500mm和宽700mm]、一个PBT绿色袋[厚度30μm,长500mm和宽700mm,100℃下氧渗透系数为2.0×10-10cc·cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg)和湿气渗透性为10×10-3(g·m/m2·天)]和一个绿色PBT袋[厚度60μm,长500mm、宽70mm,100℃下氧渗透系数为2.0×10-10cc·cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg)和湿气渗透性为10×10-3(g·m/m2·天)]中各装入一些织物、纸、棉花和纱布片及大约3千克由聚丙烯制造的注射器;再于其中装入生物指示剂以便了解灭菌和培养介质的状态,其开口端用尼龙带扎紧。在不同温度下将其灭菌不同时间,温度和时间列于表5之中。处理之后,于55℃下在此培养介质中培养48小时。可见的增加用“+”表示,不增加用“-”表示。由7名评判员检查臭气泄漏情况。得到的结果列于表5之中。
(表5见文后)
表1
实施例1 比较例1 比较例2
PBT膜 PP膜 PE膜
(70μm) (70μm) (70μm)
拉伸强度 拉伸伸长率 拉伸强度,拉伸伸长率 拉伸强度 拉伸伸长率
单位 kg/cm2% kg/cm2% kg/cm2%
未处理的 600 420 230 650 160 560
130℃下热水处理30分钟 570 410 320 530 熔化
130℃下水蒸汽处理30分钟 590 410 310 530 熔化
表2
压力(大气压) 温度 加热时间 气味发散 袋形状的改变
(℃) (分)
实施例2 PBT 袋 1.5 121 20 未查觉 不变
1.5 121 30 同上 同上
1.45 115 45 同上 同上
比较例3 PP袋 1.5 121 20 查觉 同上
1.5 121 30 同上 同上
1.45 115 45 同上 同上
比较例4 PP袋+ 1.5 121 20 未查觉 PE袋变形
含祛臭剂 1.5 121 30 未查觉 同上
的PE袋 1.45 115 45 稍稍查觉 同上
表4
23℃ 45℃ 55℃ 62℃ 70℃ 80℃
实施例4 PBT吹塑膜 拉伸强度 605 399 332 288 255 225
(70μm) (kg/cm2)
比较例6 PP吹塑膜 拉伸强度 243 148 109 99 92 80
(70μm) (kg/cm2)
表5
灭菌条件
温度 加热时间 灭菌状态 臭气泄漏
(℃) (分)
实施例5 PBT袋30μm 121 20 - 无
同上 同上 30 - 同上
同上 同上 40 - 同上
实施例6 PBT袋60μm 121 20 - 同上
同上 同上 30 - 同上
同上 同上 40 - 同上
实施例7 PP袋60μm 121 20 + 7查觉到
同上 同上 30 - 6查觉到
同上 同上 40 - 6查觉到
Claims (3)
1、一种装需要就地在袋中加热灭菌的生物污物的可高温加热灭菌的袋,其特征在于,所述的可加热灭菌的袋主要由聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂膜构成,其特性粘度至少为1.0,厚度在大约10至大约200μm之间,100℃下的氧渗透系数小于约5.0×10-10cc.cm/(cm2·sec·cmHg),湿气渗透性至少为大约7×10-3g·m/m2·天,在23℃和50%相对温度的条件下加热灭菌后的拉伸强度和拉伸伸长率的降低小于20%。
2、权利要求1所述的袋,其特征在于,所述的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂袋是将用吹塑法制成的圆筒形膜的一端热封制成的。
3、权利要求1或2所述的袋,其特征在于,它是通过将污物装入所述的聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯袋、密封所述袋的开口并用热空气、蒸汽或热水处理密封袋的方法形成的,它不向外部散发臭味。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP251672/88 | 1988-10-05 | ||
JP25167288 | 1988-10-05 |
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CN1041572A CN1041572A (zh) | 1990-04-25 |
CN1027361C true CN1027361C (zh) | 1995-01-11 |
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CN89107638A Expired - Fee Related CN1027361C (zh) | 1988-10-05 | 1989-10-05 | 聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯树脂袋 |
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EP (1) | EP0363102B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2507073B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR910008884B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1027361C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE106057T1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8905017A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE68915505D1 (zh) |
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JPH0586329U (ja) * | 1992-04-24 | 1993-11-22 | 鐘淵化学工業株式会社 | 医療廃棄物の収納袋 |
EP0997387A1 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2000-05-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Packing material releasing perfume or other odoriferous substances |
AU1906400A (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2001-10-30 | Procter & Gamble Company, The | Packing material releasing perfume or other odoriferous substances |
JP4240911B2 (ja) * | 2002-05-22 | 2009-03-18 | 東レ株式会社 | 耐滅菌処理用布帛 |
WO2004026558A1 (ja) * | 2002-09-20 | 2004-04-01 | Seiji Kagawa | ポリブチレンテレフタレートフィルムの製造方法及び製造装置、並びに形状記憶ポリブチレンテレフタレート積層フィルム |
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DE1168059B (de) * | 1961-02-24 | 1964-04-16 | Kalle Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von schrumpfbaren, nahtlosen Polyterephthalsaeureglykolesterschlauchfolien |
GB1026133A (en) * | 1962-06-13 | 1966-04-14 | John Walter Anderson | A container for the reception of contaminated materials |
US4020122A (en) * | 1973-01-05 | 1977-04-26 | General Electric Company | Process for the preparation of polyester compositions having increased melt elasticity |
DE2343698C3 (de) * | 1973-08-30 | 1978-04-20 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Nahtlose Schlauchfolie aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff |
JPS5070178A (zh) * | 1973-10-22 | 1975-06-11 | ||
DE2460394A1 (de) * | 1974-12-20 | 1976-06-24 | Hoechst Ag | Schrumpffaehige polyaethylenterephthalatfolie |
DE3317300C2 (de) * | 1983-05-11 | 1986-11-20 | Vieregge-Bruns, Günther, 3070 Nienburg | Standfester, verschließbarer Behälter zur Aufnahme eines standfesten Innenbehälters mit Krankenhausabfall |
GB2141723B (en) * | 1983-06-20 | 1986-12-31 | Baxter Travenol Lab | Polyester container |
JPH0733048B2 (ja) * | 1987-04-08 | 1995-04-12 | ポリプラスチックス株式会社 | ポリブチレンテレフタレ−ト樹脂フイルムの製造法 |
GB8715532D0 (en) * | 1987-07-02 | 1987-08-12 | Keyes Fibre Co Ltd | Packaging |
JP2506878B2 (ja) * | 1987-12-28 | 1996-06-12 | ポリプラスチックス株式会社 | 保香性の優れた食品包装袋 |
-
1989
- 1989-07-25 JP JP1191790A patent/JP2507073B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-09-25 KR KR1019890013785A patent/KR910008884B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-09-29 AT AT89309992T patent/ATE106057T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-09-29 DE DE68915505T patent/DE68915505D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-09-29 EP EP89309992A patent/EP0363102B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-10-03 BR BR898905017A patent/BR8905017A/pt unknown
- 1989-10-05 CN CN89107638A patent/CN1027361C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPH02242744A (ja) | 1990-09-27 |
KR910008884B1 (ko) | 1991-10-24 |
EP0363102A2 (en) | 1990-04-11 |
JP2507073B2 (ja) | 1996-06-12 |
CN1041572A (zh) | 1990-04-25 |
DE68915505D1 (de) | 1994-06-30 |
ATE106057T1 (de) | 1994-06-15 |
EP0363102A3 (en) | 1991-01-02 |
EP0363102B1 (en) | 1994-05-25 |
KR900006414A (ko) | 1990-05-08 |
BR8905017A (pt) | 1990-05-08 |
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