CN102712020A - Systems and methods for sustainable economic development through integrated full spectrum production of renewable material resources using solar thermal - Google Patents

Abstract

In one embodiment of the present invention, a system for providing a renewable source of material resources is provided comprising: a first source of renewable energy; first stream of materials from a first materials source; an electrolyzer coupled to the first source of renewable energy and the first stream of materials, wherein the electrolyzer is configured to produce a first material resource by electrolysis; a processor for further processing or use or the material resource to produce a second material resource, wherein the processor comprises a solar collector and where the solar collector is configured to provide heat to the first materials resource for disassociation; and a material resource storage coupled to the electrolyzer for receiving the material resource from the electrolyzer or providing the material resource to the processor for further processing or use.

Description

Use solar heat to realize the system and method for sustainable economic development through the integrated overall production of recyclable materials resource

The cross reference of related application

The title that the application requires to submit on February 13rd, 2010 is the U.S. Provisional Application of " FULL SPECTRUM ENERGY AND RESOURCE INDEPENDENCE " number 61/304; 403, the title of submitting on February 17th, 2010 is the Patent Application No. 12/707 of " ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF "; 651, the title of submitting on February 17th, 2010 is that the title of submitting in the PCT application number PCT/US10/24497 of " ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF ", on February 17th, 2010 is the Patent Application No. 12/707 of " APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING NUCLEATION DURING ELECTROLYSIS "; 653, the title of submitting on February 17th, 2010 is that the title of submitting in the PCT application number PCT/US10/24498 of " APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING NUCLEATION DURING ELECTROLYSIS ", on February 17th, 2010 is the Patent Application No. 12/707 of " APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GAS CAPTURE DURING ELECTROLYSIS "; 656, the title of submitting on February 17th, 2010 be that the PCT application number PCT/US10/24499 of " APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING NUCLEATION DURING ELECTROLYSIS " and the title submitted on August 27th, 2009 are the priority and the rights and interests of the U.S. Provisional Patent Application number 61/237,476 of " ELECTROLYZER AND ENERGY INDEPENDENCE TECHNOLOGIES ".These applications are incorporated herein separately by reference in full.

Background technology

Water plant and cover plant, particularly farmland and forest, the source of the fiber that use the natural habitat of be absolutely necessary carbon dioxide collection device, countless wildlifes and be used for from paper products to the construction material etc.Because the climate change of introducing of non-native insect and greenhouse gases aggravation makes forest be subject to the infringement of infectious disease, fire, wind, flood and arid disaster, so forest devastation has all taken place in nearly all continent.

In whole South America, Central America and North America, forest fire damaged number huge because of the arid with disease cannot withstand a single blow or death standing tree.This constitutes the massive losses of paper pulp and construction material.Fire also produces greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane with rotting, and it will further damage global atmosphere.The vital practical solution that can vegetal biomass was converted into fuel, electricity fast and the renewable supply source of valency material is arranged before it loses because of fire, rotten, flood and erosion that provides.Inevitable target is to promote building fast again and promoting from for improving the forest situation and preventing that tending and intermittent cutting of forest and shrubbery felling that spreading of harmful fire stipulated from producing fuel and cutting the carbonaceous value of depositing of healthy forest, crop and other ground quilts.

Hydrogen, oxygen, methane, carbon and other product demand that can provide through the heat chemistry and/or the electrolytic dissociation of raw material such as biomass castoff are increased.Through the dissociate reaction hydrogen manufacturing through water vapour and carbon donor such as mud coal, coal and charcoal of making great efforts really of living beings of thermochemical method in the past since William Murdock in 1792.Recently, water vapour transforms by petroleum industry and extensively adopts with from oil, natural gas and other fossil feedstock hydrogen manufacturing.

The release in global atmosphere of carbon dioxide and methane causes climate change, and such climate change is threatening in whole life species the extinction up to 1/3.Overcome effort that atmosphere degenerates because of greenhouse gases Martin M.Halmann and Meyer Steinberg " Greenhouse Gas Carbon Dioxide Mitigation:Science and Technology", John A.List " Recent Advances in Environmental Economics" and John Gale " Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies:Proceedings of the 6 ^Th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies" in address.

The alternative method of system methane and hydrogen is through destructive distillation and anaerobic pyrolysis.That the somebody utilizes is drowning, wind, the sun and fossil energy produce and be used for through electrolytic decomposition water.Victoria M.Laube and Stanley Martin " Conversion of Cellulose to Methane and Carbon Dioxide by Triculture of Acetivibrio Cellulolyticus Desulfovibro sp., and Methanocarcina Barkeri" the cellulosic purposes of use bacterial gasization has been described in (Canadian National Research Council).What also know is, between big species such as Bos animal and termite, has symbiosis, and Bos animal picked-up lignocellulosic also produces methane and carbon dioxide because of the parasitism of this type methanogen in its digestive system.

Publication as " Hydrogen Production From Water By Means of Chemical Cycles", Glandt, Eduardo D., and Myers, Allan L., Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19174, Industrial Engineering Chemical Process Development, Vol.15, No.1, 1976; " Hydrogen As A Future Fuel", Gregory, D.P. has addressed the effort of doing for the technology that the minimizing problem that these methods met with is provided among the Institute of Gas Technology.

Follow the problem of this type systematic to comprise: energy conversion efficiency is low, and permanent plant and infrastructure improvement cost are unacceptably high, and enlargement of scale has difficulties when significant problem such as forest are changed to solve, and operating cost is high.In addition, art methods needs release of carbon dioxide very in large quantities.In this class process, hydrogen and/or methane and the required compressor of other products pressurization are needed supervening and high operating cost of sizable Capital expenditure, big electricity consumption and greenhouse gases.In addition, the unacceptable maintenance needs and the high cost of repairs have been defeated these class methods.Existing discarded object change energy technologies overcome because of the ability of the growing climate change problem of global atmosphere percent of greenhouse gases due to gathering seriously limited, if not the words of counterproductive.Generally speaking, too expensive, too waste and the too pollution of prior art.

Therefore; The purpose of embodiments more of the present invention provides the system and method for realizing sustainable economic development through the integrated overall production of renewable nutrient resource; It can comprise that use electrochemistry or electrolytic cell produce the purposes of nutrient resource discretely and use its method that produces the nutrient resource discretely, to solve one or more the problems referred to above.

Summary of the invention

In one embodiment of the invention, a kind of system that is used to provide the renewable origin of material resources is provided, said system comprises: first source of renewable energy; First material stream from first material source; With the electrolyzer that first source of said renewable energy links to each other with said first material stream, wherein said electrolyzer is constructed to produce first material resources through electrolysis; Be used for further handling or use said material resources producing the processor of second material resources, wherein said processor comprises that solar collector and wherein said solar collector are constructed to provide heat so that dissociate to said first material resources; With link to each other with said electrolyzer to receive material resources from said electrolyzer or the material resources holder of material resources with further processing or use to be provided to said processor.

In another embodiment, a kind of system that is used to provide the renewable origin of material resources is provided, said system comprises: first source of renewable energy; First material stream from first material source; With the electrolyzer that first source of said renewable energy links to each other with said first material stream, wherein said electrolyzer is constructed to produce first material resources through electrolysis; Be used for further handling or use said material resources producing the processor of second material resources, wherein said processor comprises that solar collector and wherein said solar collector are constructed to provide heat so that dissociate to said first material resources; With link to each other with said electrolyzer to receive material resources from said electrolyzer or the material resources holder of material resources with further processing or use to be provided to said processor.

In yet another embodiment, a kind of method that is used to provide the renewable origin of material resources is provided, said method comprises: first source that renewable energy is provided; First material stream from first material source is provided; The electrolyzer that links to each other with first source of said renewable energy with said first material stream is provided, and wherein said electrolyzer produces material resources from said first material stream through electrolysis; With provide said material resources with further processing or use to first processor.

Through following detailed, other characteristics of the present invention and advantage will become obvious.But should understand; Detailed description here and the specific embodiment that the preferred embodiments of the invention are shown only provide through the mode of example; Because describe in detail through this, the variations and modifications in the spirit and scope of the present invention will be conspicuous to those skilled in the art.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows process steps of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the longitudinal cross-section view according to an embodiment of principle operation of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the longitudinal section zoomed-in view of the part of the embodiment of the parts that provide among Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is the sectional view according to an embodiment of principle operation of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the partial cross section figure according to an embodiment of principle operation of the present invention.

Fig. 6 shows the process steps according to principle operation of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the sketch map according to an embodiment of principle operation of the present invention.

Fig. 8 shows the operation according to principle of the present invention.

Fig. 9 shows the parts according to principle operation of the present invention.

Figure 10 is the sketch map of embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 12-15 is the flow chart according to the various embodiments of aspect of the present disclosure.

Figure 1B shows the electrolytic cell according to one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 B shows the guide wire of alternative shape of the embodiment of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 B shows a modification of the embodiment of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 B shows the electrolytic cell according to one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 5 B shows the zoomed-in view of alternate embodiment of a part of the electrolytic cell of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 B shows the cross section of the screw electrode that is used for reversible fuel cell.

Fig. 7 B shows and is used for Organic Ingredients as those are converted into the system of methane, hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide through photosynthesis produced.

Fig. 8 B shows and is used for Organic Ingredients as those are converted into the system of methane, hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide through photosynthesis produced.

Fig. 9 B shows and is used for Organic Ingredients as those are converted into the system of methane, hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide through photosynthesis produced.

Figure 10 B shows the method that is used to make electrode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The specific embodiment

The application incorporates in full the title submitted on November 9th, 2004 by reference into and is the U.S. Provisional Patent Application of " MULTIFUEL STORAGE; METERING AND IGNITION SYSTEM " number 60/626; The title that 021 (attorney docket 69545-8013US) and on February 17th, 2009 submit to is the theme of the U.S. Provisional Patent Application number 61/153,253 (attorney docket 69545-8001US) of " FULL SPECTRUM ENERGY ".It is the theme of " METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR DETECTION OF PROPERTIES OF FLUID CONVEYANCE SYSTEMS " (attorney docket 69545-8003US), " COMPREHENSIVE COST MODELING OF AUTOGENOUS SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY; MATERIAL RESOURCES AND NUTRIENT REGIMES " (attorney docket 69545-8025US), " ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF " (attorney docket 69545-8026US), " SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INTEGRATED PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY; MATERIALS RESOURCES, AND NUTRIENT REGIMES " (attorney docket 69545-8040US), " SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INTEGRATED FULL SPECTRUM PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY " (attorney docket 69545-8041US), " METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SUPPLEMENTED OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (SOTEC) " (attorney docket 69545-8044US), " GAS HYDRATE CONVERSION SYSTEM FOR HARVESTING HYDROCARBON HYDRATE DEPOSITS " (attorney docket 69545-8045US), " APPARATUSES AND METHODS FOR STORING AND/OR FILTERING A SUBSTANCE " (attorney docket 69545-8046US), " ENERGY SYSTEM FOR DWELLING SUPPORT " (attorney docket 69545-8047US), " ENERGY CONVERSION ASSEMBLIES AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF USE AND MANUFACTURE " (attorney docket 69545-8048US) and " INTERNALLY REINFORCED STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF MANUFACTURING " each U.S. Patent application (69545-8049US) that the application also incorporates the following title of meanwhile submitting on August 16th, 2010 into by reference in full.

For understanding the mode that obtains according to above-mentioned details of the present invention and other advantages and purpose fully, will combine its specific embodiments to give more detailed description below to the present invention.

Fig. 1 shows process 16, and therein, living beings (comprising municipal administration, farm and forest discarded object such as forest waste wood and sick and/or dead tree) are cut, pull away or otherwise gather and pay at step 2 place.In step 4, this biolobic material discarded object is shredded or otherwise is subdivided into fritter and carried and compacting so that conveyer such as ribbon conveyer, throw transporter or conveying worm are efficient with section.In step 6, being dried and dissociating through reproducibility through the biomass castoff of segmentation transforms the mineral that produce hydrocarbon, alcohol vapor and methane, hydrogen and other gas and solid such as carbon and introduced or introduced together in company with cellulose and/or lignocellulosic material by cellulose and/or lignocellulosic material.Step 8 provides separating of steam and gas such as methane and/or hydrogen and carbon dioxide.Those the shipment of the gas that step 10 provides common methane rich through adopting in pipeline or other carrying methods such as the gas industry.Step 12 provides the production of the methane-rich gas that hydrogen and carbon products carry from such pipeline.Step 14 provides the use of hydrogen in engine and/or fuel cell to think that motor vehicles provide power, heat is provided, is used for shaft work and generating, is used for the chemical process application, reaches and produce fertilizer.

Analysis to fire, earthquake and mud-stone flow disaster in most of impaired forest environments shows, through create underground piping with carry impaired forest of this type and/or ground by the methane that quick collection and conversion produced to advance the disclosed solution of the present invention will be highly favourable.The renewable methane of this type is shipped to market (what use at present is natural gas or other fossil fuels) through pipeline and can reduces greatly also can promote can rely on the evolution to renewable energy safety from present fossil from the ambient influnence of greenhouse gases.

Establishment can will create more jobs through the renewable origin of the methane carried at low cost with pipeline chance and investor's confidence.Transforming, simultaneously use hydrogen to be used for clean energy resource by methane to carbon products through development uses " the carbon epoch " that advanced and will bring other progressive.

Fig. 2 shows the embodiment 200 of the method and apparatus that is used for producing methane and/or hydrogen through dissociating of living beings renewablely; Therein; As shown in the figure, the material of warp segmentation such as various cellulosic material and the degassing of lignocellulosic tissue quilt, dry also heating are to discharge required gas.The system of Fig. 2 forms with the inhibition carbon dioxide at the thermal efficiency important improvement is provided.These improve by the elimination of the counter-current drying before extracting carbon, hydrocarbon such as methane and/or hydrogen and air, moisture and other oxygen donators shown in the process queue shown in Fig. 1 and provide.

At last, this type discarded object is discharged required gas, carbon and solid residue such as mineral oxide and other compounds by abundant heating in anaerobic environment.This process is summarized by equation 1, and equation 1 is to the in addition trim of any particular type, amount or the ratio of lignin, cellulose or other biological raw material.Therefore, equation 1 and 2 Organic Ingredients of having concluded the versatility of process shown in Fig. 1 and having shown carbon containing, hydrogen and oxygen is to methane, hydrogen and the qualitative conversion that cuts the valuable supply source of depositing carbon.

C _xH _yO _z+ heat → CH ₄+ H ₂+ CO ₂+ CO equation 1

CH ₄+ ▲ H _298K→ 2H ₂+ C (▲ H _298K=79.4kJ/mol) equation 2

Be to be used for the system implementation plan of biomass castoff shown in Fig. 2 to the quick conversion of gas such as methane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.Be in operation, swivelling pipe 214 is driven by engine 202 through suitable deceleration system 204 and 206, and engine 202 can be rotating engine, piston engine or turbogenerator, and this depends on the size of system and required production capacity.Engine 202 is preferably fueled by fuel adjusting, injection and ignition system 202, and as disclosed in the U.S. Patent application 08/785,376, this application is incorporated herein by reference.Used heat from engine-cooling system and/or exhaust preferably is transferred the material in the feed hopper 250 through the adverse current elbow of spirality heat exchanging pipe system 244 and 245, and spirality heat exchanging pipe system 244 and 245 receives hopper 250 in the respective area that obtains the maximum heat yield from engine 202.

The size that depends on converter, deceleration component such as sprocket wheel and chain or driving gear 206 and bearing bearing assembly 208 and 212 preferred torque transfer heat insulating 210 and swivelling pipe 214 heat insulations passed through.Swivelling pipe 214 obtains similar supporting and heat insulation at the end opposite place through insulation bearing as shown in the figure and bearing assembly 224 and 226.Insulator bag 230 provides insulation to need protection in order to avoid radiation and conduction heat are obtained in the zone that is heated to prevent bearing 212 and other.

A methane that as summarize equation 1 and 2, generates and/or the less relatively part in hydrogen and/or the carbon monoxide are delivered to engine 202 and are delivered to the burner nozzle of combustion-chamber assembly 220 through control valve 222, as shown in Figure 2.The completing combustion of the enough air fuel value to guarantee to exist is provided, makes that the noxious emission in two kinds of application is all minimum.The combustion product of heat flows through spirality heat exchanging pipe system 216, to transmit heat to the organic material of under the push effect of the fin on the outside of swivelling pipe 214 as shown in the figure 218, advancing with countercurrent direction.

Screw thread 218 spacings that reduce progressively preferably are provided and/or reduce swivelling pipe 214 and the cross-sectional area of 236 of stationary pipes, with the solid material that compacting is constantly carried secretly, as shown in the figure.This will provide the air carried secretly and/or moisture from evicting from by the organic material of said process heating; Because this type gas will be forced to advance with the direction of material adverse current through heated hopper 250 and feed worm 256 feedings; Wherein, feed worm 256 is driven by suitable traction motor 252 or the suitable drive train from engine 202.The cross section that discarded object passed through that reduces the pitch of conveying worm or reduce compacting also will provide the escape of the gas that fine and close sealing prevents to be produced through further heating organic material (comprising the reaction with the reactant gas that adds).

Expection, overall process of the present invention also can obtain through other materials conveying and compacting measure, and it is convenient with more to use unidirectional push rod to send with the conveying worm shown in the debulking systems replacement in some applications.Basic step is accomplished through following: compacting and heating are to eliminate air and moisture; Generation is derived from the shutoff sealing of the material that advances of raw material; Heat the said material that advances and produce the required pressure and temperature condition of required chemical derivative (being selected from material such as carbon, one or more gaseous hydrocarbons, fuel alcohol and gas such as ethane, methane, hydrogen and oxycarbide), seal or help to seal in the district that provides with the district that pipettes required chemical substance and extract required chemical substance at advance derivative and/or the residue of material of utilization to reach to dissociate.Preferred countercurrent heat exchange and through from the burning of selected fuel and countercurrent heat exchange through restoring ground or the cooling of regeneration ground along with it from required chemical substance; Coming provides heat to add to the material of advancing through such process stage, so that the maximization of the heat utilization in the gained system.

The operation of relative long period can be provided and significantly reduce the generation of carbon, the chemical substance that produces for making obtains required carbon/hydrogen ratio rate, and this possibly be preferred.This long-play can intermittently provide, and for example helps before with the collection in required chemical substance the said district of sealing and/or this to help to seal between the time in said district after collecting having a mind to produce carbon.This is the characteristics of embodiments more of the present invention; And it makes carbon can be used as the part of fluid and is transferred, these fluids by pipeline be delivered to holder (the multiple pressure that comprises exhausted gas reservoir), to factory with the durable goods making carbon and strengthen be used for other purposes.After evicting air and moisture in succession from, biological material is converted into product gas shown in the equation 1 and the much lower solid residue of amount.In many cases, the amount of solid residue be organic waste initial mass about 2 to 10%.This type residue is the important source of trace mineral, and it preferably is used for revitalizing the soil and guarantees the quick growth of after-culture standing tree, garden, aquaculture and/or other ground quilts of healthy forest.This cutting of minimizing, carbon and hydrogen that will accelerate greenhouse gases is deposited and expanding economy.Reforest the regional sustainable source that is used as lignocellulosic as disclosed herein, to produce reproducible methane, hydrogen continuously and to cut and deposit carbon.

In the system's pattern that has than big unit and high productive capacity; Burning gases from burner assembly 220 are circulated in gas thread 216; Gas thread 216 is constructed to link to each other with screwed pipe 218 through the hole of managing in 214, so that the more flash heat transfer of the raw material of advancing to the outside of the screw thread 218 in sealed tube 236 from combustion chamber 220 to be provided.Let in the gas such as annular space methane, hydrogen and carbon dioxide entering helical fin 238 and insulation tube 241 between of Organic Ingredients through the release of thermal dissociation process of heating, to flow with the direction that flows into adverse current with the raw material that is rotated 214 heating of pipe assembly.This will provide further heat to preserve, because heat will add to being reproduced property the raw material in the pipe 236, these raw materials dissociate by compacting progressively and because of heat transfer, thereby the generation of enhancing pressure is as shown in the figure.

Advance through managing 214 inside and/or managing fin 216 and/or the burning gases in 218 arrival hopper districts such as water vapour, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide entering spirality heat transfer pipe 246; To provide further adverse current energy to add, as shown in the figure to the raw material of advancing through hopper 250.Advance through hole 230 and manage 236 and annular region and/or the hollow fin 238 of pipe between 241 arrive hoppers 250 districts the gas that produces such as methane, hydrogen and carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide in pipe-line system 248, circulate; It is contiguous with to advancing to the material of swivelling pipe conveying worm 214 countercurrent heat-transfer effectively, as shown in the figure that pipe-line system 248 is wrapped in spirality pipe system 246. Insulator 242 and 260 prevents that heat loss is to the outside.

The mixture of issuable product gas such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide separates with methane and/or hydrogen through the system shown in pressure oscillating or temperature absorption and/or Fig. 4.Such product gas mixture provides with the pressure that is higher than the suitable nargin of required pressure through the rotary speed of control Rotatruder 214 and the compacting of therefore transmitting to the solid in thermal dissociation stage.

This will provide the efficient conversion of heat energy to the pressure ability, because the initial solid volume of volume ratio of the desired gas that forms is far much bigger.Be in operation; Pressure sensor 270 sends pressure datas keeping feeding conveyor 256, the speed of extruding conveyer 214 and the caloric value of combustion-chamber assembly 220 to process controller 272, with the pressure of the product gas that obtains required production capacity, conversion temperature and send.Pressure regulator 274 provides the last adjustment of sending of product gas from regeneration converter 200.

An aspect of the present disclosure is that low-cost thermal transition is potential energy as energy storage, utilizes such pressure to promote separation process and energy regeneration.The mixture of pressurization separates in the required pressurization that keeps selected gas.This forced feed of refining quality gas is used for for engine comprises internal combustion engine and the engine with external heat supply power being provided.

Also adopt such energy conversion, refining and pressurization come through pipeline or the pressurization tank car or through liquefaction send refining gas and storage to market, a distant place.Also be expected at certain areas with comprise 09/969,860 in the various embodiments of interior common patent application co-pending one or more together the operation, these patent applications are incorporated herein by reference.

The major defect of the art methods of the auxiliary gasification of the hydrogen of discarded object is to need high pressure resistant, heat-resisting and expensive equipment.As shown in the figure, embodiment of the present invention provide the self-reinforced structure of tubular structure.Enhancing is provided by the spirality enhancing structure of combining thermal exchange, enhancing, rigidization, transmission and heat-resisting benefit in modular structure, and said modular structure can make up through quick assembling process.This will accelerate the method reduction delivery system cost of applying and compare the past of required corrective measure in the waste management to a great extent.

This will provide effectively separating of carbon compound such as carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide and gas such as methane and/or hydrogen.As shown in Figure 4, the mixture of product gas is sent with the water or other absorbent fluid that are exposed in the pressure vessel 402 and is selected through managing 404, with optionally separating carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide.

Be delivered to collecting pipe 408 under the pressure that therefore methane and/or hydrogen are kept in pressure vessel 402.After absorbing carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide; The absorption fluids of pressurization is delivered to nozzle manifold 426 through 410 so that be delivered to heat exchanger as shown in the figure as 414,416,418,420,422,424 etc.; Here, can be delivered to the heat that a part of product gas of burner 444 burnings and waste gas (like the carbon monoxide of follow-up expansion warp 458 releases through pressure fluid) discharged from the heat of the exhaust of engine 202 shown in heat exchanger.Also can use wind energy or wave energy through resistance or induction heater and the heat of feeding additional through solar collector 442 or in the place of wind energy or wave energy abundant resource.Expand then through turbine 430,432,434,436,438,440 as shown in the figure etc. reclaiming and/or to transform energy through the fluid of heating, thereby further improve overall efficiency.

The added improvement of the overall efficiency of generating also is provided through suitable generator such as alternating current generator 280 and/or alternating current generator 428.Preferably utilize hydrogen to cool off these generators and reduce wind loss.After realizing these functions, hydrogen is used as the fuel of engine 202 then or is used as the carbon-free fuel in the combustion chamber 444 and/or 220.

The generality of producing the overall reaction of methane through said embodiment from typical organic waste such as glucose, lignin and cellulosic material is summarised in shown in the equation 3.

C ₆H ₁₂O ₆+ heat → 3CH ₄+ 3CO ₂Equation 3

In some applications, preferably the electrolysis of the derivative through raw material produces the generation that oxygen reduces or eliminates carbon dioxide, and this has open in co-pending patent application.This type material particularly also can at the same time or be controlled in the follow-up process steps to produce ethane with the carbon of the surplus of the hydrogen-gasified of hydrogen and existence.Need impaired forest is being converted into the forced feed source of loading and transporting methane, ethane and the hydrogen in market afield through pipeline fast and utilize these pipelines to continue to send under the situation of this type gas with the speed that reduces according to required forest thinning speed, results plan and maintenance program then, this chemical process modification will be favourable.

The pipeline transmission capacity that this method is established becomes a kind of important stocking system, with the daily and seasonal variety of meeting the need of market.Usually need the pipeline gas of gained that the output of about 900BTU/scf is provided after the embodiment through Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 removes carbon dioxide, particle, ash content, sulfur dioxide and water.

For most of discarded objects, the original output during recycle hydrogen is not in 350 to 650BTU/scf scopes, and calorific value is lower.The raising of calorific value can be through pressure and temperature in the decomposable process multiple choices or reach through increasing the speed that hydrogen is recycled to the reaction zone at 239 places.Realize deciding power production from the quota of internal combustion engine but co-pending patent application discloses spark injection (SparkInjection) technology, fuel is selected not wait to liquid diesel from the admixture of gas of 250BTU/scf.

Embodiment through Fig. 2 is about 1, and the admixture of gas that the operation under 000PSI and the 1025 ° of F (69 atmospheric pressure, 550 ℃) produces is as shown in table 1 different with type, the time of staying and the relevant operational factor of the discarded object that is transformed.A kind of new preparation can be realized with compression ignition replacement diesel fuel and the hydrogen of the absorption in being included in active carbon/methyl alcohol suspended substance.

Such admixture of gas can produce fast and can replenish component such as methyl alcohol, carbon/methyl alcohol suspended substance or the propane etc. with higher-energy, so that the hydrogen burning that is able to is ignition mixture in fact any required energy content of acquisition in composite fuel is used of characteristic.Usually needing react the hydrogen that produces and/or methane sprays with the speed that is enough to produce required methane/ethane ratio through manifold 239 and guides in the reaction zone with gas that pipeline quality is provided or the raw material that is used for chemical synthesis again.

Table 1

Gaseous product	The forest discarded object	The municipal administration solid waste	Muck
				Hydrogen (H 2)	22 (volume %)	33 (volume %)	20 (volume %)
Methane (CH 4)	60	53	61
				Ethane (C 2H 6)	17	11	18
Carbon monoxide	1	2	1

In some cases, preferably provide methyl alcohol as the liquid fuel and the precursor that are easy to store and transport from the embodiment of Fig. 2.Methyl alcohol or " another name for " can extract through partial combustion or through anoxic heating process through heating lignocellulosic discarded object.Equation 4 and 5 has been summarized through selecting the obtainable methyl alcohol output of different anoxic operating temperature, pressure and catalyst.

C ₆H ₁₂O ₆+ heat → 6CO+6H ₂Equation 4

6CO+6H ₂→ 3CH ₃OH+3CO equation 5

Under higher feed rate and/or lower combustion chamber 220 HRRs, material can not reach the higher temperature that produces gas shown in the equation 1, so this process produces methyl alcohol.Preferably through the cooling methanol vapor to form liquid methanol from isolating carbon monoxide the methyl alcohol and utilizing isolated carbon monoxide as the fuel of engine 202, through the burning released heat of burner assembly 220 and through as being summarized in the equation 6, react formation hydrogen with water.The hydrogen that produces through the reaction of being summarized in the equation 6 can be used to as shown in the equation 5, to produce methyl alcohol, improve the yield of methyl alcohol in the operation of engine 202, the raising converter 200 and/or ethane and/or as shown in the figure as the heating fuel in the converter 200.

CO+H ₂O → H ₂+ CO ₂Equation 6

Should point out that each reaction system shown in this paper can further be improved through the use of homogeneous phase and heterogeneous catalysis and the application of Adaptive Control, to improve or to optimize required result.As an example; About the manifold 239 gentle reaction zones of carrying between the device port 240; Expection uses such catalyst to select: said catalyst selects to strengthen through the reaction that promotes hydrogen to make up the effect of reactive component the formation of methane and ethane, synthetic methane and the ethane of forming of said reactive component.Catalyst comprises that the intermetallic compound that trivalent chromium and other have the pottery of rare earth component, platinum group metal, nobelized nickel and a transition metal all is applicable.Compare with art methods, this has also reduced equipment cost and complexity unexpectedly significantly.Similarly, except that the partial oxidation through methane produces the methyl alcohol, also expection utilizes group of the lanthanides-ruthenium preparation, Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and copper, copper intermetallic compound and/or copper alloy to strengthen methyl alcohol synthesizing from carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Fig. 3 shows separation and the methyl alcohol of methyl alcohol from carbon monoxide and passes through the shipment of delivery pump 298 to market.Be in operation, embodiment 300 is preferred introduce greater densities separate with eddy current than light component and let carbon monoxide with methanol mixture from regeneration pump/motor 312 through pipe 304 entering containers 302.If discharge pressure is not enough to obtain required transfer rate; Then pump/motor 312 will provide pump action to this type steam; And if required discharge pressure is lower than from the system of Fig. 2 or the supply pressure of another suitable converter 320, then pump/motor 312 will provide the recovery of pressure ability.

The cooling of methanol condensed is provided by the heat exchange loop that symbolically illustrates 306, and heat exchange loop 306 preferably utilizes underground water or cooling tower fluid as radiator.Water in the cooling circuit 306 is preferably remained on than under the high pressure of the steam of inlet chamber 302 by pump 296, and therefore, any airtight inefficacy of cooling circuit can not cause cooling water pollution.From 324 leave separator 302 cooling water can be as hot water supply source or turn back to groundwater regime, cooling tower or evaporation pond, this is different with application.At abundant refrigerating gas mixture and after producing density bigger methanol vapor and drop near the wall of container 302, the less carbon monoxide of density is extracted through central tube.The methyl alcohol of condensation can be sent with further processing to remove the gas of water and/or absorption through pump 298, and this depends on required purity.

The pipeline gas mixture of methyl alcohol and methane, ethane and hydrogen can be shipped to market through identical or additional pipeline with intercoursing.Using under the situation of same pipeline, be when one type of chemicals converts another kind of chemicals into, preferably refill next wait to send thing before the technology separation slug that advances of working pressure or clean pipeline through finding time for example through empirical tests.

Fig. 5 shows an embodiment similar with the system of Fig. 1 and 2, and it comprises compacting tube 500 with conversion of biomass such as sawdust, muck and wood chip.The operation of this system is substantially the same with the embodiment of Fig. 2, and the compacting of living beings that different is is provided by reciprocating push rod circularly.Push-rod piston 502 under the forcing of hydraulic cylinder 506 in stationary cylinder 518 back and forth and the compacting living beings, these living beings through countercurrent heat exchange in hopper 250 through drying and preheating.

When position shown in push rod 502 is in, living beings are loaded in the cylinder 518 by conveyer 256.Engine 202 drives hydraulic pump 504 and sends pressurized working fluid to handle cylinder 506 through pipeline 510 and 511.In forward stroke; Push rod 502 is pressed into closely knit material with living beings; Along with its bullet 512 of walking around heater 516 moves; This closely knit material is by further compacting, and bullet 512 can be the compaction state that keeps living beings with raising production capacity with when living beings are advanced through conversion process that fix or rotation.Usually the numerous pipes in 249 positions can allow evicting from of air and water vapour, also are used as the backflow of material check-valves with the material that prevents under the effect of push rod 502, to advance simultaneously.The coordination of response controller 272 and control; To fully promote the temperature of living beings through the countercurrent heat exchange from the burning gases of burner assembly 220 of spirality heat- exchanger fin 216 and 218 with advancing, to cause the dissociation reaction of being summarized in equation 1,3,4 and 5.

Therefore; Organic substance is converted into fluid such as methane, ethane, propane, methyl alcohol, ethanol, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; And be improved substituting fossil fuel through hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and the carbon dioxide that removes harmful content, saidly remove the reproducibility embodiment through Fig. 4 or separate with film through other suitable selective removal processes such as pressure oscillating absorption, temperature swing absorption, solution absorption and to carry out.This is by the heat exchange of the material from the higher temperature to the lower temperature reaches and provides through the heat exchange with energy conversion device such as internal combustion engine, external-combustion engine, expansion motor and fuel cell from the countercurrent heat exchange of the burning of one or more fuel elements of this type fluid, before producing, after the process neutralization with source such as a part.

Fig. 6 shows the process steps 60 that methane (from landfill yard, sewage treatment plant, waste treatment operation (comprise based on Fig. 1,2,3,4 and 5 embodiment those) and other methane sources) is converted into hydrogen and carbon as summarizing in the equation 2.The burning of hydrogen is hydrocarbon such as gasoline, fuel alcohol, methane and diesel fuel seven to nine times.This makes wherein injection and hydrogen combusted or be that the operation of turbogenerator, combustion rotor engine and reciprocating engine of mixture of fuel such as hydrogen and methane, hydrogen and methyl alcohol or the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide of characteristic can have the efficient of raising and less carbon emission or non-carbon-emitting with hydrogen.

The thermal efficiency that brings through such operation improves for intermittent combustion formula engine such as combustion rotor engine and reciprocating type two strokes or four-stroke engine particular importance as 202; Thus will be near top dead center, direct injection and/or igniting be provided at top dead center or in after top dead center, to reduce or to avoid heat loss and the negative work in the compression process.In the power stroke process of engine, this will guarantee that fuel potential energy is converted into function with higher efficient far away.Therefore, through conflagration in the burning excess air in the combustion chamber be the fuel of characteristic with hydrogen, will obtain significantly higher operational efficiency than having the engine that the routine that adopts propane, natural gas or diesel fuel arranges.

In the step 62 of Fig. 6, produced and purified to the methane of required degree through Fig. 1,2,3,4 and 5 embodiment and be delivered to suitable destination such as industry park by delivery vehicle in bulk or pipeline.Methane then in step 64 through being preheated to suitable temperature from environment temperature, for example about 1200 ℃ (2200 ° of F) with dissociating the hydrogen that produces and/or carbon countercurrent heat exchange.In step 66; Through radiation and/or contact the heat that provides enough with material such as graphite, iron oxide, aluminium oxide, magnesia, various carbide or other potteries and add through heating so that carbon deposition this type through on the material that heats or near and as equation 2 is summarized hydrogen release.The collection that step 68 provides the hot hydrogen of this type with about the described methane countercurrent heat exchange of advancing of step 64.In step 70, collect with deposit or with powder or flaky material that the material through heating that from step 66, uses is peeled off or peeled off through the carbon that dissociating of methane forms.

In alternative plan, the common carbon that produces and/or the part of hydrogen in step 72 combustion step 66 are with heating or help the gain of heat and produce the required pressure and temperature of dissociating of methane.Be used for resistance heated and this type base material that alternative heating source that the methane of performing step 66 dissociates comprises concentrated solar energy, conductibility pottery as graphite or zirconic electrical induction, this type base material from the radiation heating of suitable incandescent source, the various modification of heated by plasma (comprising the plasma that relates to hydrogen and/or methane) and/or through the suitable fuel (comprising methane or methane dissociating product such as hydrogen and/or carbon) that burns.

The device that is used for the method that step 62,64,66,68,70 and/or 72 provides comprises various types of fluid beds, spiral or piston induced flow reactor, has plasma chamber and improved production of carbon black stove that carbon is collected measure and characteristic.The benefit of the particular importance of embodiments more of the present invention comprises to add than the required much lower energy of dissociate water from hydrocarbon such as methane production hydrogen and the valuable carbon form of common generation.The open height combination that carbon products and hydrogen will be provided that is obtained that produces in hydrogen and product such as the U.S. Patent application 09/370,431 of dissociating of hydrocarbon feed is worth.Fig. 7 shows another the special efficient system that is beneficial to said method.

Fig. 7 shows the parts of process system 700.Be in operation; Hydrocarbon such as methane are delivered to refractory tube bucket 704 by pipe 702; In refractory tube bucket 704, the carbon that 710 rotations of fire-resistant conveying worm are dissociated and deposited or precipitate from methane by heating such as radiation, conduction and by the process of being summarized in the equation 2 along with methane with reception with the particle that moves preferred geometries and size and/or substrate material 711.The common hydrogen that produces is through the 708 inner thorax holes that are transported to as shown in the figure, hole of hollow conveying worm 710.Therefore, advance to the hot hydrogen of seal 726 and carbon will with the methane thermal exchange of advancing to seal 714.Spiral 710 is done the reaction that mechanical power is summarized with Rapid Realization equation 2 in addition as conduction and photothermal energy exchanging system.

The heat that suitable thermal source 706 provides adds the methane that makes through preheating and dissociates.Also can come the gain of heat through hollow centre internal combustion annealing in hydrogen atmosphere at fire-resistant screw assembly 710 as shown in the figure.Oxygen or other oxidants are sent the burning being used for like air through swivel joint 718.Oxygen preferably provides through air separation or by co-pending patent application electrolysis.Hydrogen is as shown in the figure to be sent through swivel joint 719 by conduit 717.

The size that depends on converter, deceleration component such as sprocket wheel and chain or driving gear 732 and bearing bearing assembly 730 are preferred through torque transfer heat insulating assembly 728 and rotating screw assembly 710 heat insulations.With 718 bearing and swivel joint 716 assemblies are provided similar insulation supporter so that minimize from the heat transfer of screw assembly 710.Insulator bag 724 provides the blocking-up of conducting heat, to prevent radiation and conductive heat loss and to protect other to need protection in order to avoid the zone that is heated.As equation 1 with 2 the methane that generates summarizing and/or the less relatively part in hydrogen and/or the carbon monoxide be delivered to and as shown in Figure 2 202 engine power generation thermomechanical components similar with 280, so that heat and the electric operation of supporting to comprise electro-motor as shown in the figure 736, electrolyzer and/or separator 744, pump or compressor 746 and generator 712 to be provided.

The flight pitch that reduces progressively preferably is provided and/or reduces as the rotating screw conveyer 710 in the district of plug for seal part and the fixing cross-sectional area of 704 of sockets, with the solid material that compacting is constantly carried in it, as shown in the figure.This will force methane to advance with the carbon of 710 expert headings 726 and the direction of advancing to the hydrogen adverse current of swivel joint 719, and will be as shown in the figure.Reduce the pitch of conveying worm or reduce near 726 and 714 or the cross sections at 726 and 714 places also will provide the sealing of densification with compacting carbon granule or shape and prevent the escape of hydrogen or methane.In bigger application, near the district seal 714, conveying worm 710 can be provided with reverse slightly pitch so that carbon pressure contracts and produces effectively sealing and prevent methane or hydrogen loss.

Insulation system 724 is beneficial to advances to the hydrocarbon such as the methane of seal 714 and advances to the carbon of seal 726 and/or the high performance counter current heat exchange between the hydrogen.Gear or chain gear transmission 732 and CD-ROM drive motor 736 heat insulations, and bearing 716 and 730 is designed to heat insulation and/or high temperature is used.Conveying worm 710 and tube 704 are processed by refractory metal or ceramic material such as graphite, carbide, nitride, intermetallic compound and metal oxide.The heating at 706 places can preferably use renewable electricity to provide through concentrated solar energy, catalysis or flaming combustion or through electrical heating such as plasma, resistance or principle of induction.The oxygen that air separator and/or electrolyzer 744 produce is stored in the acescent 722; Send via pressure regulator 720; And when the generation of burning that need hydrogen be provided for dissociation process and heat, use, for example when the sun, wind, flowing water and other renewable resources are unavailable or not enough.

Fig. 8 example overall process 800, wherein photosynthesis provides the organic material of common carbon containing, hydrogen and oxygen in step 862.Step 864 provides anoxic digestion or pyrolysis or partial oxidation to produce the oxide of fuel gas such as methane and carbon.Being separated in the step 866 of the oxide of carbon such as carbon dioxide and fuel gas provides.Provide by the system that is illustrated as 868 like disclosed suitable filter, pressure oscillating absorption, temperature swing absorption or selective absorption in the co-pending patent application.Depend on the pressure of purified fuel gas and the required pressure of technology of step 872; Adopt pressurizer 870; Pressurizer 870 comprises to be selected perhaps to pressurize from the releaser of adsorptivity and/or metal hydride system like electrolysis pressurization, mechanical pump or compressor operating.In step 872, as shown in the figure, finally heating with before dissociating, methane is through with hydrogen and carbon countercurrent heat exchange and through preheating.In step 874, as shown in the figure, select follow-up heating measure with the customization product that carbon that the methane of preheating obtains makes of hanging oneself.

Fig. 9 shows the details of embodiment 900; It comprises that sunshine is concentrated mirror 912, concentrated radiation receiver 914, fixedly receiving tube 922 and rotating screw conveyer and extruding pipe 924; Wherein monoblock type spiral 926 forces reactive ingredients such as organic material to get in the district 930; In district 930, it quickly heats up to high temperature by the solar energy of concentrating.Fully concentrating of solar energy is easy to obtain to produce 500 ℃ to 2500 ℃ typical running temperature through paraboloidal mirror, spherical mirror or settled date reflection mirror array, and this is brought up by the physicochemical properties of material and the structure specification of sealed tube 922.

Firm banking 904 cover drive system and provide material to the transmission of autoreactor 914.The fuel of reactor 914 and raw material such as landfill yard methane are sent through being connected to pipeline 918.Under the situation that fluid material such as wastewater composition are handled through reactor 914, preferably provide and send through being connected to pipeline 915.The electricity that produces or send is through 917 transmission of cable group.The hydrogen that reactor 914 produces and/or other fluids are delivered to pipeline 916 to store and distribution.So that the solar tracking of reactor 914 to be provided, reactor 914 has assembled mirror 912 to platform 906 around the rotation of central vertical d-axis.Provide the coordination around the trunnion axis 909 in the supporting 910 as shown in the figure to rotate to follow the tracks of the sun and to produce point focusing solar energy, this point focusing solar energy is from mirror assembly 912 reflections.Organic solid to be heated and semisolid are loaded in the hopper 908, and hopper 908 is fed into this type material in the conveying worm 924, and Figure 10 shows the part of conveying worm 924.

Other forms of renewable heating also is easy to adapt to; For example use induction or resistance heated from the electricity of generator, shown in generator by fall into water, wind, wave action provide power or by the engine of the fuel that uses the operation described in this paper to produce power is provided.Similarly, the fuel that a part of reactor 914 of expection burning is produced is with the abundant thermal treatment zone 930, so that realize the reaction of equation 1,2 and 5.The alternative heat input example of this group in district 930 have cloud cluster to cover intermittently or the situation at night under replenish or replace for guaranteeing the advantageous measure of the solar energy that operation continuously is required.

Use the partial combustion of the hydrogen that produced and/or carbon monoxide to realize to distinguishing 930 supplementary heatings or replacing solar heat preferably to send oxygen from electrolyzer 907 through the pipes 937 in the thorax hole 931 of pipe 932.Through driving generator 905 an important collaborative benefit will be provided based on landfill yard methane and/or hydrogen operation Thermal Motor 903.Superfluous generate output is used in electrolyzer 907, produce oxygen and hydrogen.The hydrogen that produces through such operation can be easy to be stored in the pipeline 916 for sale, and oxygen can be used to improve greatly the process efficiency that heat is given birth in the partial combustion of the fuel that is produced in using through reactor 914 and/or fuel cell power generation.

When using oxygen to come to produce when hot through partial combustion, the elimination of nitrogen will reduce the cost that comes purified hydrogen through from admixture of gas condensation or the filtered water of managing in 932 greatly.As shown in the figure, pipe 937 is sent the fuel of oxygen with the burning aequum, and it is minimum and eliminated heating needs of nitrogen to do heat loss like this, and if the use air as oxidant, then will have nitrogen.

Therefore pipe 922 is realized holding the Organic Ingredients that is in anoxia condition under and is transmitted the function of energy such as solar energy to living beings, and said living beings are sent to concentrates the thermal treatment zone 930 to be summarised as following reaction with promotion:

C _nH _mO _x+ heat ₁→ xCO+m/2H ₂+ (n-x) C equation 7

C ₆H ₁₀O ₅+ heat ₂→ 5CO+5H ₂+ C equation 8

Contain CO and H ₂Gaseous product in also maybe visible NH in a small amount ₃, H ₂S, N ₂And H ₂O, this gaseous product is forced in the center bore 931 that gets into rotary threaded pipe 932 as shown in the figure by the solid of compacting.Preferably make H ₂The reaction of S and iron is with in the carbon that forms iron sulfide or produced along with the release process that is collected in of hydrogen.Preferred common form with ammonia is collected fixed nitrogen, is collected sulphur with the form of iron sulfide, and these materials are used as soil nutrient with the collected mineral ash content of embodiments more of the present invention.

As shown in the figure, solid such as carbon and ash content 936 extract from distinguishing 930 along rotatablely moving of screw thread 934 through helix tube 932.Preferred end of using high-temperature insulation spare 940 covering receivers 914 as shown in the figure; And along with rich carbon solid that is extracted by conveying worm 932 and mobile countercurrent heat exchange between the living beings in the district 930 that the warp of receiver and reactor assemblies heats, insulating regions 942 provides heat to preserve.In the time course of unavailable solar energy, insulating sleeve 948 be used to the area of coverage 930 and preferably by the supporting of telescoping tube guide and guiding to from shown in deposit position, said guide is not shown.

The water that removes at the initial stage of compacting and adverse current preheating is preferably emitted through shutter or hole 944 with other gases so that can extract through collecting pipe 946.For many raw materials such as muck and sewage, this water contains fixed nitrogen usually with other soil nutrients and preferably in order to replenish the workability of soil and productivity.

Under the situation of preferred pure carbon and pure hydrogen, can be with the living beings preliminary treatment to remove material such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and other mineral that form ash content.Usually being wasted property ground landfill is at landfill yard for the ash content composition of living beings, and perhaps, from sewerage waste discharge and refuse disposal operation the time, it possibly escape into the ocean.In some embodiments of the present invention, ash content is easy to collect and turn back in the useful applications as soil nutrient.This can be through mechanical separation and living beings dissociating with the combination realization of separate ash component in suitable solvent.

Another embodiment provides living beings to digest like carbohydrate and the cellulose anoxic by following general reaction:

N (C ₆H ₁₀O ₅)+n H ₂O+ heat ₃→ n (C ₆H ₁₂O ₆) equation 9

N (C ₆H ₁₂O ₆) → 3n (CH ₄)+3nCO ₂+ heat ₁₀Equation 10

Shown in the soil nutrient that captures in the remaining aqueous liquid after the process transfer to depleted soil effectively through technological (comprise and being added in the irrigation water) separately.Carbon dioxide is easy to produce that phase transformation separates or remove from the product of process through being adsorbed in suitable solvent such as the water through cooling.Under 25 atmospheric pressure and 12 ℃ (54 ° of F), the degree that carbon dioxide can the every water by volume of about 21.6 volumes gases is dissolved in the water.Improve pressure and/or reduce the amount that temperature will increase every water by volume carbon dioxide dissolved.After from methane, isolating carbon dioxide, reduction pressure or raising temperature discharge carbon dioxide dissolved.

The Organic Ingredients anoxic is dissociated and is significantly less than from atmosphere collection and the required energy of the carbon dioxide that dissociates with the amount of depositing heat required in the process of carbon of cutting that produces specified rate.Enforcement from organic raw material cut the required device of process of depositing carbon be far from extracting carbon dioxide and being broken down into carbon from atmosphere so complicated with the device that oxygen is required, but want much simple and firmer.

Hydrocarbon is being comprised biomass solid and methane conversion are in the process of carbon and hydrogen, the product of dissociation reaction tends to occupy bigger volume than reactant.The device 920 that is used to carry out the assembly 914 of these endothermic reactions can be easy to use through extruder screw thread 926 along to the carbon-rich material sealed reaction district 930 of extruder screw thread 934 compactings of the outlet in the carbon-rich material He Yan district 930 of the inlet compacting in district 930, so that the hydrogen of going out through thorax hole 931 can be forced into the also maintenance of required degree by swivel joint in 931 outlets of thorax hole and pressure adjusting measure with other gases.

Before methane gets into reactor 920, preferably extremely send the required pressure of hydrogen from reactor 920 with the suitable cold methane of pressurization technology pressurization, the pressurization technology comprises through discharging pressurization, phase transformation, mechanical compress and hybrid system from the adsorptivity base material.If the gas that produces in the anoxic digestion separates through liquefaction, then this is easy to through methane gasification to required pressure is realized.Pressurization through various pumps and compressor 870 also can be used for this purpose.

Great changes have taken place for the type of producible carbon, depends on the market demand and realize that carbon cuts the relevant temperature and the pressure of the process of depositing.The methane that is delivered to the fabrication stage 874 can be processed to produce diamond-like coating, the graphite crystal on fiber, carbon black, the suitable substrate and to be U.S. Patent application 08/921 on demand; 34,08/921; 134 and 09/370,431 common co-pending pairing many other forms are disclosed.

Also expection; For some application, preserve advantage as heat, conveying worm 932 should be designed to feed path and preheater; Wherein hydrogen is sent through thorax hole 931, and distinguishes extruder 924 conveyings of the carbon of the reaction generation in 930 by the raw material countercurrent heat exchange that designs aptly and get into.This layout provide the raw material that gets into before arriving district 930 by with raw material in the other direction the product concurrent flow of process internally with from the adverse current heating of outside.

The carbon that reaction forms is carried by conveying worm 932, and said carbon and pipe 924 countercurrent heat exchange are with the methane of preheating entering and therefore improve overall efficiency and the speed that the solar energy complete process is reacted.The hydrogen that produces is collected in the thorax hole 931 of carrier pipe 932, and removes heat with the reactant countercurrent heat exchange of 930 processes towards the district.The reproducible hydrogen that produces can be used in the fuel cell or in the Thermal Motor, and in fact it purify air and the exhaust cleaner than ambient air is provided.

Along with process produces carbon, it constantly forms conveyer screw thread 926 and the gas-tight seal of managing between 922 the inwall.This is preferably through reducing to need the extruser pitch of maximum compacting part to guarantee.Usually need through distinguishing maximum carbon pressure reality and sealing effectiveness be provided at conveying worm through distinguishing after 930 in the outlet in 930 to the material of the conversion of hydrogen in experience.

Except that as directed conveying worm, shown in the expection in the process conveying of reactant can be undertaken by numerous other measures.Exemplarily, available reciprocating type plunger replaces conveying worm 924 to force living beings to get into reaction zone, and carbon can extract from the hot junction through other method for distilling, comprises with chain driving conveyor replacing conveying worm 932.

Produce at needs under the situation of steam and other valuable products of liquid fuel or solvent such as one or more loose alkene (turpene), usually scalable reaction temperature to lower temperature or improve the throughput rate of composition.Available compound such as hydrogen, carbon, methyl alcohol, biodiesel and turpentine oil can produce and be collected in the tube bore 931, that kind of in the equation of the canonical biometric matter discarded object raw material of average chemical formula shown in having to a part, being summarized:

C ₆H ₁₀O ₅+ heat ₆→ CH ₃OH+4CO+3H ₂+ C equation 11

The introducing of the colloidal carbon of hydrogen in methyl alcohol of boarding absorption will provide higher every volume calorific value and the ability of compression ignition will be provided in being directed against the application of renewable diesel fuel.Higher if desired liquid fuel and/or solvent yield then can make the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen that produce in the canonical process of equation 11 preferably in the presence of appropriate catalyst, react to produce other methyl alcohol and hydrogen.

4CO+3H ₂→ 4CH ₃OH+H ₂+ heat ₁₂Equation 12

Living beings advance to speed and the speed of through conveying worm 932 extracting solid residues of district in 930 preferably by computer control, required product quality in the instrument mensuration of this computer response pressure, temperature and other types index and gas, steam and the solid residue stream and control this process adaptively.

Carbon monoxide can or be converted into the required carbon form of depositing of cutting through the decomposition of the disproportionation shown in the process of being summarized in the equation 8:

2CO → C+CO ₂+ heat ₁₃Equation 13

As the disproportionation of being summarized in the equation 13 is heat release and can under the multiple combination of temperature and pressure condition, provide, be included under 10-40 atmospheric pressure and 500 ℃ to 800 ℃ and carry out.

If market conditions support hydrogen manufacturing to be used for fuel cell or Thermal Motor to purify air, then can make carbon monoxide and water vapour react generation hydrogen with the exothermic reaction as equation 9 shown in:

CO+H ₂O → CO ₂+ H ₂+ heat ₁₄Equation 14

The carbon monoxide that the process of passing through to be summarized produces can be converted into numerous products meeting the need of market, as be selected from as shown in need the process of hydrogen manufacturing and/or carbon.The hotwork that preferably utilizes said exothermic process to discharge be shown in the part that adds of the required heat of the endothermic reaction.

Therefore, embodiments more of the present invention provide from atmosphere cuts the practical approach of depositing carbon, and said method comprises photosynthesis, collects photosynthetic organism matter and heats said living beings are selected from carbon, hydrogen, methyl alcohol, loose alkene and ash content with generation product.Generally let rot to get into atmosphere and cause carbon dioxide and/or the biomass castoff of methane accumulation can be utilized now, to produce hydrogen, carbon products and soil nutrient efficiently.

Figure 12 shows a preferred embodiment (unshowned is that oxygen and drinking water also are the accessory substances of system) of the power supply and the thermal source that wherein with the hydrogen internal combustion engine are system.Figure 12 stresses that in case process begins, it promptly is from what support, because the hydrogen of relatively small amount is utilized for system power is provided.Energy efficiency obtains through the relation between bio-digestion pond and the electrolyzer.Energy efficiency also obtains through solar heat paraboloid technology: with the methane cracking is its part: hydrogen and carbon.According to an embodiment, the cracking of methane did not take place at night.According to aspect of the present disclosure, obtain distributing of hydrogen fuel of extensive renewable energy production thus.According to other embodiment, obtain the extensive renewable resource production that distributes of carbon (carbon fiber of not distinguishing or carbon ash) thus.According to also other aspect, through utilizing different devices, special-purpose carbon in addition that obtained thus to distinguish distribute extensive manufacturing.Gather when combined when the extensive renewable resource extraction that distributes and collection and renewable energy, the result is continuable economic development and continuable production.

In other words; From renewable resource and energy; People have obtained to have the refining renewable resource and the energy of higher economic worth; It is used to produce durable goods then, and these durable goods are used for gathering new renewable resource and energy again, and this is a kind of mode of sustainable, pollution-free and non-exhaustion.According to aspect of the present disclosure, this continuable economic model can be write as the algebraically recurrence formula (recurrence formula be used for confirming with one or more conditions formerly the formula of next condition of a sequence) of this continuable economic model.The use of embodiments more of the present invention in production system produces economic multiplier effect to (a) biomass material, (b) methane feed and (c) carbon; Methane/hydrogen is used to gather more renewable energy and recyclable materials resource then; Carbon becomes durable goods then, its results more (a) and (b) also generation more (c).Therefore, the disclosure has been specialized the mathematics of economic " sustainability ".

Figure 12 may not illustrate the economics implication of extensive storage.Not only can distribute the energy production of (many positions) but also scalable (can produce in a large number) to compare with obviously being confined to local not scalable method, be a kind of progress.It wherein is the preferred embodiment of the power supply and the thermal source of system with the solar heat central system that Figure 13 shows.Figure 14 shows wherein that specified power supply and thermal source are not thought the following variability of system and the preferred embodiment that adaptability is left room for.Figure 15 shows the flow chart of renewable energy production process.

Top embodiment can be by realizing like electrolyzer disclosed herein.

In one embodiment of the invention, a kind of electrolytic cell is provided, said electrolytic cell comprises: closed housing; First electrode; Second electrode; The current source that is communicated with first electrode and second electrode electricity; The electrolyte that is communicated with first electrode and the second electrode fluid; Gas, wherein said gas in electrolytic process in first electrode or near formation; And separator, wherein said separator comprises that inclined surface with owing to the difference between the combined density of electrolytical density and electrolyte and gas guides electrolyte and gas flow, makes gas on the second electrode distal direction, flow basically.

In another embodiment, a kind of electrolytic cell is provided, said electrolytic cell comprises: closed housing; First electrode; Second electrode; The current source that is communicated with first electrode and second electrode electricity; The electrolyte that is communicated with first electrode and the second electrode fluid; Gas, wherein said gas in electrolytic process in first electrode or near formation; The gas extraction zone; And separator, wherein said separator comprises the inclined surface of two formation " V " shape; Wherein said separator is owing to the difference between the combined density of electrolytical density and electrolyte and gas guides electrolyte and gas flow; Make gas on the second electrode distal direction, flow basically, and wherein said separator also is constructed to promote the circulation of electrolyte between first electrode, gas extraction zone and second electrode to first electrode and second electrode fresh electrolyte to be provided.

In another embodiment, a kind of electrolytic cell is provided, said electrolytic cell comprises: closed housing; First electrode; Second electrode; The current source that is communicated with first electrode and second electrode electricity; The electrolyte that is communicated with first electrode and the second electrode fluid; Gas, wherein said gas in electrolytic process in first electrode or near formation; And separator, wherein said separator comprises that inclined surface with owing to the difference between the combined density of electrolytical density and electrolyte and gas guides electrolyte and gas flow, makes gas on the second electrode distal direction, flow basically.

In another embodiment, a kind of electrolytic cell and method for using are provided.Though said electrolytic cell can be used in many application, in this embodiment, be described as being used in the production of hydrogen and oxygen.Hydrogen and the reversible separation of produced of oxygen and the impurity and the product of tolerance operation of pressurization are provided according to the electrolytic cell of this embodiment.Said embodiment also provides the right to choose of operation electrolytic process; Said electrolytic process comprises the steps: to supply with the dissociation substance of treating that is pressurized to than the required much lower amplitude of compact storage; Between electrode, apply electromotive force with produce density than by the expansion of the less fluid product of the low fluid product of dissociation substance and restriction density until the required pressure that reaches compact storage.This embodiment and other embodiments can through operation Thermal Motor or fuel cell and be used to from the heat in this type source cook, disinfectant and to other material Transfer heat, the space heating is provided or promotes fuel to induce and discharge the energy utilization efficiency that improves residence Ru Jia, restaurant, hotel, hospital, cannery and other commercial facilitys to the anoxic of this type engine or fuel cell or electricity.In addition, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that electrochemical cell that the aspect of embodiment disclosed herein can be applicable to other types is to provide similar advantage.

Produce mass transfer and/or send ion opposite with depending on relatively slow diffusion, convection current and concentration gradient process to a great extent with the conventional electrochemical electrode of producing required component; This embodiment provides mass transfer more efficiently, comprises that ion fast replenishes process and pump action the sending to required electrode of the low density gas of escaping through the liquid medium that density described in this paper is bigger freely.This has guaranteed higher electrical efficiency, has dissociated and higher separative efficiency faster, prevents undesirable side reaction in addition.Improve the generation of ion and the current limit value that will improve system effectiveness and every electrode area to the speed of sending and the efficient of electrode.

Referring to Figure 1B, it shows the electrolytic cell 2b that container 4b wherein such as metal tube serve as closed housing.Randomly, container 4b also can serve as electrode, shown in Figure 1B.Porous electrode such as cylindrical conductive silk screen electrode 8b and hollow edged electrode 4b coaxially locatees and hold liquid such as acid or alkali and hollow edged electrode 4b by liquid electrolyte separates.The liquid-gas interface of the inner space that liquid electrolyte occupies container 4b to the insulator 24b.Can in container 4b, provide plating is arranged, the cylindrical interior backing electrodes 4b ' (not shown) of the dielectric bushings of the layer of plasma jet or compound electrode material or conduction to be to serve as the electric isolated component of assembly; Thereby make it possible to change easily, perhaps serve as in a large amount of segmented electrode elements one to provide optional polarity and/or series, parallel or connection in series-parallel to connect as Maintenance Significant Items.In this reversible embodiment, for the electrolysis of water, electrode 8b can be regarded as electron source or negative electrode, make hydrogen produce at electrode 8b place, and electrode 4b can be regarded as anode, makes oxygen produce at electrode 4b place.Container 4b can pressurize.The pressurization of the content of container 4b is by seal cover 30b and 46b constraint.The supporting, electric insulation and the stabilisation that comprise the parts of electrode 8b, gas separator 10b and electrical connection 32b are provided by dielectric insulator 20b and 24b, and be as shown in the figure.The pressurization of electrolytic cell 2b can be through the self-pressurization due to the generation of gas in the electrolytic process, realize through external source such as pump or through its combination in any.

Separator 10b is constructed to liquid and can sees through but stop gas from the flowing or carry of the anode-side of the negative electrode lateral separator of separator basically, and vice versa, comprises stoping in the electrolyte basically or the flowing of dissolved gases after the bubble nucleating.Randomly, electrode 8b can be constructed to serve as separator 10b, and making does not need independent separator.Perhaps, separator 10b can comprise that electrode 8b or electrode 8b can comprise separator 10b.In addition, separator 10b can comprise that also anode electrode 4b or anode electrode 4b can comprise separator 10b.

Shape shown in insulator 24b is made into is also separated as required, is collected and/or extract the gas that electrode such as 4b and 8b (comprising the utilization of making up with separator 10b) are produced.Shown in the concentric column geometry, insulator 24b has central conical cavity, electrode 8b goes up the gas that discharges and will be collected in this central authorities' conical cavity.What hold this central chamber with one heart is annulus, and said annulus is collected the surface of self-electrode 4b ' or the gas that discharges from the inside of container electrode 4b.

Randomly, can as shown in the figurely in the collection channel of the top of 24b, lay catalytic filter 48b.Comprise cross that separator 10b advances and manage to arrive the oxygen of catalytic filter 48b can be with catalytic way through causing the formation of water with H-H reaction, said water can return electrolyte then.A large amount of excessive hydrogen can serve as the heat affecting electrolytic cell that radiator is discharged to suppress this catalytic reaction.Purified hydrogen is supplied at accessory 26b as shown in the figure place.Similarly, possibly preferably in the upper area of anchor ring around the collection oxygen as shown in the figure, provide catalytic filter 49b to be converted into water with any hydrogen that will arrive this oxygen anchor ring.Oxygen is taken away at accessory 22b as shown in the figure place.Perhaps, can catalytic filter be placed in accessory 22b and 26b place, near or the inside.

Shown in service; If water is the material of waiting to be dissociated into hydrogen and oxygen; The aqueous solution and as shown in the figure that then prepares suitable electrolyte such as sodium acid carbonate, caustic soda, potassium hydroxide or sulfuric acid is remained under the required liquid level by sensor 50b, thus sensor 50b tracer liquid pressure and to controller 52b send signal with process pump 40b as required from suitable source such as reservoir 42b add water to produce or to keep required liquid holdup or pressure.Therefore controller 52b responds to temperature and pressure control sensor 58b; Sensor 58b can be included in the integrated unit with liquid level sensor 50b or liquid holdup sensor 51b, control pump 36b and 40b and heat exchanger 56b, and wherein heat exchanger 56b can comprise that circulating pump system such as radiator or heater (not shown) are to receive or to transmit heat.Similarly, can combine such operation to adopt heating or cooling fan to strengthen heat from reception or the discharge of following the source of electrolytic cell 2b.

In some embodiments of electrolytic cell 2b application to be recycled therein, for example,, can make the water-holding capacity of electrolytic cell 2b that quite big variation ground operation is arranged when the electricity of surplus is cheap in addition when not required.When the electric non-availability of surplus or its turn-offed, the supply of hydrogen and oxygen can and let system get back to environmental pressure from container 4b extraction.Can add the water of environmental pressure so that system fills material then; Can make system around insulator 24b, have big annular volume; This is to fill and electrolysis procedure for the low pressure that promotes such circulation, to realize that pressure or chemical energy are to conversion, the compact storage of merit and provide and send under the required high pressure of the quick transfer of vehicle, instrument or utensil receiver that hydrogen or oxygen possibly need.

Apply electric current and from childhood after many liquid holdups generate a large amount of hydrogen and oxygen, can be as required system's pressurization and the detection that keeps the water holding of pressurization in solution to be exhausted into sensor 50b or 51b be made controller 52b or interruption electrolysis cycle or the point that adds water through compression pump 40b from reservoir 42b as shown in the figure.Maybe be preferably through valve as shown in stop valve 44b add water, to realize multiple conveying capacity or the maintenance of pump 40b as required.

Referring to Figure 1B, 2B and 3B, Fig. 2 B shows the embodiment of the separator 10b of Figure 1B, and wherein said separator comprises the inclined surface 14b of two formation " V " shape.If electrolyte is based on water; Then electronics is added to porous electrode 8b as weaving the silk screen cylinder and take away constantly hydrogen ion being converted into hydrogen atom and diatomic molecule subsequently from container 4b through electric connection 6b through joint 32b, said diatomic molecule can on the electrode 8b or near nucleation to form bubble.Hydrogen and oxygen bubbles can not show a candle to based on the electrolytical density of water big usually, so will be up under buoyancy-driven.Oxygen bubbles is being driven up similarly and is being separated with hydrogen through the geometry of coaxial separator 10b, and coaxial separator 10b is shown in the amplification sectional view of Fig. 2 B.Structure shown in Fig. 2 B can be used in any application of formed gas stream in the running that wherein needs electrolytic cell 2b.In addition, said separator structure can be used in other electrochemical cell structures known in the art.Perhaps, if the density of material that forms in the electrolytic process is bigger than electrolyte, then can let separator 10b upset form " Λ " shape.Similarly; If a kind of density of material that forms at the negative electrode place through electrolysis is littler and another density of material that form at the anode place is bigger than electrolyte than electrolyte, then can make separator 10b by "/" of tilting or " " shape form so that the deflection of density materials with smaller away from the bigger material of density.

From 40 ' or the mixing of inner hydrogen that discharges of container 4b and oxygen through the permeable barrier of liquid---separator 10b is able to prevention; As shown in the figure, separator 10b is divided gas flow efficiently through preventing its entering, flow or transmit with 14b deflection oxygen and hydrogen from the surperficial 12b ' that tilts.Perhaps; Separator 10b can comprise by electric insulated conductor or the helix formed like the ethylene-chlorinated of filling 30% glass from the inertia dielectric material; The cross section of wherein said helix shaped strip material is " V " shape structure, and is as shown in the figure, to serve as Electric insulator and gas separator.

The path that supplies fluid to advance can increase the needs to satisfy the fluid circulation and to distribute on demand; Way is a ripple band once in a while or continuously; Particularly in each edge, between each helical layer line, to produce the gap, perhaps at the place of piling up of formed dish; Cross section shown in the said dish pie graph 2B, the 13b place shows the ripple of amplification in the sectional view.Usually advantageously, let each such ripple rise and fall around the radial axle (as shown in the figure) that suitably tilts more or less about axle 15b and 15b '.This can make that the liquid of formed separator 10b can see through but wall gross thickness that gas is stopped is required thickness, and (0.008 ") is thick or littler for for example about 0.2mm.

Separator 10b can have any suitable dimensions, comprises very little size, and with regard to the surface can situation, be enough to allow liquid electrolyte pass to or pass ionization electrode 8b but do not allow passing through of gas with upwards advancing because of the buoyancy-driven of gas.A kind of alternative embodiment that is applicable in for example less relatively fuel cell and the electrolyzer is provided; Way provides the flat wire with cross section shown in Fig. 2 B of a large amount of tight spacings, and wherein such line is woven or adheres to the inlet of the main opening that liquid is provided and at the line that is arranged on the one or both sides of " V " shape line on the main vertical direction.This can make that the liquid of formed separator 10b can see through but wall gross thickness that gas is stopped (0.004 ") is thick or littler for about 0.1mm.

Buoyancy-driven upwards makes collides the bubble yawing moment on inclined surface 12b and 14b.This characteristic will overcome the difficulty and the problem of the conventional method of prior art, and these conventional methods cause poor efficiency because of in resistance, fouling, viscous flow, corrosion and the polarization loss one or more.In addition; Matter upwards flows because the buoyancy swabbing action of rising bubble produces electrolysis; So some structures possibly promote the circulation of electrolyte in concentric layer; And, thereby there is not gas relatively and the bigger electrolyte of density will flow to bottom recirculation with the alternative electrolyte that has mixed bubble or contained the less density of dissolved gases along with gas is escaped at the liquid top place.Heat exchanger 56b can move as required with since the top of container 4b to the electrolyte heating of bottom cycle or remove heat, as shown in the figure.Pump 36b can use to improve the speed of electrolyte circulation as required, and perhaps pump 36b can be used in combination with pump 40b to add supplementing water.

Apply high current density in some embodiments, comprised the system of quick interpolation organic material.In such embodiment, possibly be favourable, as shown in the figure with pump 36b cyclic electrolysis matter, said pump 36 will turn back to container 4b through pipeline 38b and accessory 16b through the gasless relatively electrolyte of accessory 28b and pipeline 34b arrival pump 36b.Possibly preferably get into the electrolyte that returns at accessory 16b place tangentially and send to produce eddy flow, this eddy flow continues to swirl and therefore strengthens synergistically and separates, and comprises the effect through the separator 10b that can utilize as stated.The pressure that depends on operation, the density of hydrogen is littler about 14 times and have bigger buoyancy and tend to be easy to separated device 10b guiding and have higher upward velocity with through filter 48b pressurization collection at accessory 26b place than oxygen.Under the inclination that in very high current density and electrolytic cell 2b are subjected to like transport applications, possibly meet with or the situation of G-power, improve speed that electrolyte advances through pump 36b and mix with the gas that produces on the gas that strengthens cyclonic separation and therefore prevent to produce on the anode and the negative electrode.

Some comprise that embodiment and the liquid transmission embodiment of the on-conductive gas barrier of separator 10b makes can make than previous method considerably cheaper and much firm and efficient reversible electrolysis device, and previous method comprises that the dependence PEM comes those of divided gas flow such as hydrogen and oxygen.In one aspect, separator 10b can be designed to improve electrolytical flowing in the electrolytic process.For example, separator 10b can be constructed to promote ion to hold the helical flow of upwards advancing to port 28b from port one 6b in the liquid at liquid electrolyte.This will guarantee that the various piece of electrode receives the ion concentration of fresh supplemented, and this is that acquisition maximum electrical efficient is needed.Along with hydrogen and oxygen form on the respective electrode of electrochemical cell, such electrode washing action also can be removed the bubble of hydrogen and oxygen fast.

Fig. 3 B shows the component plate on the other hand of separator 10b or the representative edge view partly of helical strips, and it is used to provide the adjacent electrode electric insulation of (comprising dull and stereotyped and coaxal electrode structure), obtains the separation of gaseous matter as stated simultaneously.In assembly 11b, plate 12b ' is similar with separator 10b with 14b ' formation and as the cross section of the such function of separator 10b.Flat conduction or non-conductive polymer plate 12b ' are made for has a large amount of apertures on parallel center line, these holes tilt for the major axis with plate 12b ' as shown in the figure forms for example about 35 ° of substantive angles to 70 ° of angles, for example shown in first jiao of 15b.Polymer sheet 14b ' is made for similarly has a large amount of apertures on parallel center line, these holes tilt in fact for the major axis with plate 14b ' as shown in the figure forms about 35 ° to 70 ° angle, shown in second jiao of 15b '.

In other embodiments, angle 15b and 15b ' can be different with treating material separate in the electrolytic process.For example, for no gas component or only a kind of electrolysis of compound of gas component, said angle can have a down dip.If electrolytic dissociation compound such as Al in ice crystal-alumina eltrolysis matter ₂O ₃To form aluminium and oxygen, then because the density ratio ice spar-alumina eltrolysis matter of aluminium big, so aluminium separate cathode electrode or relevant separator should be configured (through the angle that for example has a down dip) for transmission aluminium downwards away from the oxygen of upwards advancing.

A large amount of diameters are that this type aperture of about 1/12 to 1/3 of sheet thickness dimension can be easy to comprise laser boring, the perforation of hot pin or penetrate in plate 12b ' and 14b ' through high velocity particle through suitable technique and makes.Usually the plate 12b ' of thick about 0.025 to 0.25mm (0.001 " to 0.10 ") and 14b ' can be through welding or bonding, linear system, elastic cord or spiral one or more conduction of winding or non-conductive assemblies that is fixed together and comprises electrode 8b to form on the external diameter that is produced separately.Plate 12b ' and 14b ' can also combine through adhesive or through thermal welding or solvent welding once in a while or continuously.Therefore, overlap part, formation is made pass through formed gas shield film and stop gas to transmit simultaneously by the path that liquid and/or electrolyte can be advanced at the angling hole of plate 12b ' and the hole of plate 14b '.Referring to Figure 1B and 4B, for embodiment 2b or 100b, can be through adhering to or welding abutment joint or through the gas shield board component that forms the tubular structure with suitable diameter as the overlapping the slot of the barrier that is intended to divided gas flow is provided.

For the electrolysis of water, multiple suitable electrolyte is arranged.Can use potassium hydroxide in one embodiment, closed housing 4b adopts mild steel.Can be with nickel plating cylinder 4b or through utilizing suitable stainless steel alloy that longer life-span and the corrosion resistance of Geng Gao are provided.In other respects, can higher sealing ability be provided through holding cylinder 4b with high strength reinforcing material such as glass, pottery or carbon filament or its combination.

Depend on certain applications and intensity needs, it possibly be favourable that insulated separation device 20b and 24b are used the ethylene-chlorinated of having filled about 30% glass.Electrode 8b can be processed by woven nickel or 316 type stainless steel wires.Separator 10b can be processed by the ethylene-chlorinated band of having filled about 30% glass.

In another embodiment, also be intended to utilize electricity controlled apply produce respectively methane or hydrogen or with the preferred mixture of organic bath in.Aspect some, this embodiment can combine the ground operation with comprising the embodiment of sequence number 09/969,860 in interior common patent application co-pending, and this patent application is incorporated herein by reference.The anoxic digestion process of the usual organic material that produces methane can be through control to be created in than dissociate water the electrolyte of hydrogen release under the required much lower voltage, and perhaps pwm duty cycle turn-on time and the electricity consumption that is produced are than required the lacking of dissociate water.

The acidity of the organic solution that microorganism digestion produces or pH can interact through natural buffered with bicarbonate and keep.Bicarbonate buffer can replenish through the common generation of carbon dioxide in the digestion process.For a plurality of steps in the anoxic digestion process of organic compound, can conclude this process with the exemplary digestion of simple carbohydrate or glucose, the process steps that this exemplary digestion has many emulative and complementarities as:

C ₆H ₁₂O ₆+ (anoxic acidifier, facultative bacteria) → CH ₃COOH equation 1

CH ₃COOH+NH ₄HC ₆O ₃→ CH ₃COONH ₄+ H ₂O+CO ₂Equation 2

3CH ₃COONH ₄+ 3H ₂O (bacterium) → 3CH ₄+ 3NH ₄HCO ₃Equation 3

Under need situation, maybe pH be controlled near 7.0 from the methane of this type solution.Under environmental pressure, about 7.0 pH and 35-37 ℃ (99 ° of F), will help methane and generate.Most of sanitary sewages contain and have the two bio-waste of the needed a large amount of and micronutrient of the organism that provides methane to generate.In anoxic reacter, keep the concentration of monose of concentration or the existence of relatively large dissolving and distribution hydrogen can suppress the work of methanogen.

On the other hand, can make through the bacterial decomposition of glucose and other organic compounds and material such as the acetate (CH that produces through other acid processes through applying electric field ₃COOH) dissociate and increase the production of fuel value, the wherein said generation hydrogen ion that dissociates from organic material.

CH ₃COOH → CH ₃COO ^-+ H ⁺Equation 4

Hydrogen ion migration or be delivered to electronegative electrode and electron gain and produce hydrogen.

2H ⁺+ 2e ^-→ H ₂Equation 5

Electronegative electrode is supplied with two electronics.In another electrode, electrochemical reaction comprises that the oxidation of acetate ion is to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion, like 6 summaries of equation.

CH ₃COO ^-+ 2H ₂O → 2CO ₂+ 7H ⁺+ electronic equation 6

In this electrode reaction, acetate ion loses electronics, subsequently with water reaction and be decomposed into carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion.Carbon dioxide makes the saturated and release from the liquid solution interface of solution, described in top embodiment.Hydrogen ion circulation and/or migration are received and produce hydrogen atom and diatomic molecule then from opposite electrode until electronics, like institute's summarys in the equation 5, are total to collection in such system, to separate.Separate collection is highly favourable; For example; Separate collection will be so that to obtain pressurization or be under the high pressure as the result of liquid pumping rather than gas compression will especially effective, and will significantly reduce and separate and the common required permanent plant of mechanical compress produced then hydrogen, methane or carbon dioxide.

Compound such as acetate produce hydrogen through the anoxic digest and decompose and the carbon dioxide energy needed is wanted much less than the electrolysis of water, and part is because digest and decompose produces hydrogen ion and heat release ability.The starting of the acid as the exothermic decomposition of acetate and keep to apply at lower voltage down or through electrolysis intermittently or once in a while rather than as the common required continuous electrolysis realization of decomposition water.Quite big (the 1KWH=3 at least of the free energy of formation of water under the environment temperature; 412BTU releases hydrogen); By contrast, digester material and acid are like urea and acetate is electrolyzed to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide needs minimum relatively activation and/or catalytic action, when particularly using organic catalyst.Therefore, use selected catalyst to comprise to select in the Raney-Nickel catalyst, nickel-Xi-aluminium alloy, platinum family of modification in conjunction with electrode system described in this paper, platinum-nickel and other platinum-transition metal single crystal alloys surface and various organic catalysts will further improve speed and/or the efficient that hydrogen is produced.

On the other hand, possibly preferably utilize numerous battery, serial or parallel connection or the connection in series-parallel switchably of its electrode pair is to mate available source amperage and voltage and through the series-connected cell required voltage that dissociates, for example shown in Figure 1B.Aspect of this embodiment; Depend on aqueous electrolyte selected or that produce with the biochemistry mode from organic material; Each battery possibly need about 0.2 to 2 volt; So 6 volts of photovoltaic sources of a family expenses size can have 3 to 30 series connected battery, and one 220 volts industrial source can have about 100 to 1,000 electrode batteries that are connected in series.Product gas can be easy to send through the parallel connection or the layout that is connected in series.The required flexibility that depends on the quantity of regulating series connection and/or being connected in parallel, supporting and flow control features 18b can be selected from insulation or non-insulating material.

Under various current densities, be included under medium and the low current density, possibly preferably let the buoyancy-driven of the bubble that generated realize that electrolytical circulation exhausts and the viscous flow problem to prevent ion.When starting or under the higher current density, can process pump 36b and heat exchanger 56b required running temperature to be provided and the electrolyte of rich ion is provided at the electrode surface place.This make to realize extra high energy conversion rate, wherein energy as can from the sun, wind, fall into water or high voltage supply that low ebb electricity that the wave resource obtains is used to produce oxygen and hydrogen or hydrogen and carbon dioxide or hydrogen and methane and carbon dioxide fast and efficiently with separate storage and use.

Aspect of this embodiment, solved the problem that the significant amount of energy that breaks out suddenly in vehicle regenerative braking or the power plant's stall must be converted into chemical fuel potential energy fast.The conventional fuel battery that is used for truck, bus or train propelling can not tolerate the high current density that is applied to suddenly on the fuel cell electrode.This embodiment has overcome this restriction and strong especially high current conditions tolerance is provided, and obtains high electrolytic efficiency simultaneously and does not have the problem that PEM degenerates or electrode interface lost efficacy that reproducibility PEM fuel cell meets with.Since firm in structure and have especially cooler meeting fully, so be easy to adapt to the operation under the extra high electric current.This embodiment is easy to start and under harsh cold or hot condition, moves efficiently and do not have PEM relevant all difficulties, restriction and an inefficacy conversely speaking.

On the other hand; Be in energy conversion system such as water-power plant, wind energy turbine set, Wave power generator systems or conventional power plant, to obtain much higher investment return, this embodiment allows low ebb electricity dissociating fast and be converted into hydrogen and oxygen or the anoxic digestion through organic substance efficiently or the dissociating fast and be converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide efficiently of the material that generated of degrading through water.The space that the compact pattern of this embodiment occupies can be unlike washing machine big and will otherwise the low ebb electricity that possibly be wasted be converted into the hydrogen of two family expenses sizes of enough operations vehicle and the energy demand of dwelling house be provided.

As stated, some embodiments that provide among this paper will provide mass transfer more efficiently, comprise that quick ion replenishes process and swabbing action the sending to required electrode through the low density gas of escaping from the liquid medium of greater density.This will guarantee higher electrical efficiency, dissociate and higher separative efficiency faster, stop undesirable side reaction in addition.Improve the generation of ion and the current limit value that will improve system effectiveness and every electrode area to the speed of sending and the efficient of electrode.The application that organic substance is converted into carbon dioxide and hydrogen or methane is because of following former thereby special benefit: organic substance improves to the delivery rate of the microorganism of this process of participation; Microorganism after hatching speed and hatching is improved to the transfer rate of long-life and selfreparing biomembrane medium; The gas that is produced obtains separating sooner; Organic substance obtains transmitting sooner, and in addition, the intermediate ion is more efficient to the transmission of electrode.

Referring to Fig. 4 B, wherein show another embodiment---electrolytic cell 100b, do not hope to apply voltage therein or do not hope to have in the application of electric current through the inwall of closed housing 102b this electrolytic cell 100b advantageous particularly.This embodiment will promote that also being connected in series of bipolar or multi-electrode group or battery such as 110b and 114b collected and the voltage matches needs to simplify gas in the electrolytic cell 100b.

Closed housing 102b is cylindrical and the concentric aspect of parts in it therein, and electrode assemblie 110b and 114b can do for oneself, and the numerous nested type truncated cone shape parts of number form or one or two electrode can form screw electrode as stated.Electrode 110b can have identical, similar or different structures with 114b.On the other hand, electrode 114b can be the spiral electrode of surrounding electric poles 110b continuously from the assembling of nested frustoconical part or its.

For preventing short circuit; The electricity of electrode 110b and 114b separates and can realize through multiple measure, comprise through controlled operation dimensional tolerance and/or through use be placed between electrode 110b and the 114b line of dielectric or long filament and/or as about Fig. 2 B and 5B disclosed separator 10b or 111b realization through another form.

Electrolytic cell 100b can be pressurized.Pressure-tight is provided by loam cake and lower cover 104b and 106b, and is as shown in the figure.Insulator 120b and 122b are by lid 104b and 106b supporting, and be as shown in the figure.Be used to be electrically connected the circuit block that is connected with fluid and hardware and be exemplary and can be as required cover 104b and 106b realization to satisfy concrete application need through penetrating.

In this embodiment, two electrode 110b and 114b all form has inclined surface, and the gas guiding that said inclined surface is for example discharged the material that is produced is to corresponding collecting region, and is as shown in the figure.Exemplarily, if from the suitable electrolyte dissociate water, then electrode 110b can receive the electronics of supplying with through joint 108b, and joint 108b is sealed in by plug for seal part 132b and covers among the 106b.Therefore electronics is taken away through plug for seal part 130b self-electrode 114b, and plug for seal part 130b provides the insulation of contact point 124b when gas such as carbon dioxide or oxygen discharge on electrode 114b.

Therefore such gas advanced by buoyancy and after being sent by electrode 114b, upwards and along the inwall of container 102b advance more or less.Hydrogen makes progress in numerous circles or the formed central cores of conial layer electrode 110b after being sent by electrode 110b, and propelling is also as shown in the figure collects at insulator 120b place.The purified hydrogen that is under the design pressure is sent through pressure fittings 116b.Any oxidant such as the oxygen that can use catalytic filter 134b to transform to arrive central cores are to form water.Can use similar oxidation catalyst filter material to produce water from any hydrogen that arrives the outer collection anchor ring among the insulator 120b as shown in the figure.The oxygen that pressurization and warp filter is sent through pressure fittings 118b.

Randomly, for improving the efficient of electrolytic cell 100b, can make one or more gas collection vessel (not shown) be communicated with the gas that forms in the electrolytic process to collect with electrolytic cell 100b fluid.Gas collection vessel can be implemented before the substance expansion of gas, to capture the gas under the high pressure.The merit of being done when gas collection vessel can also be configured to the captured gas expansion by methods known in the art.Perhaps, gas collection vessel can be configured to provide the gas that is under the pressure that is suitable for storing, transporting or use, and wherein said gas need under high pressure be sent.Expect that also said aspect can implement in various electrochemical cells.

Referring to Fig. 2 B, on the other hand, can accessory 22b, accessory 26b part, near or the inside or with gas collection vessel that accessory 22b or accessory 26b fluid are communicated with in introduce gas expander.Similarly, referring to Fig. 4 B, can accessory 116b, 118b part, near or the inside or with gas collection vessel that accessory 116b or accessory 118b fluid are communicated with in introduce gas expander.

On the other hand, a kind of electrolytic method and device of pressure fluid is provided, said fluid links to each other with the device that extracts merit from such pressure fluid.Said fluid can be liquid, the gas that has absorbed liquid, steam or the gas of pressurization.Pressure fluid can carry out among accessory 116b or afterwards to the conversion of steam or gas, is used for can being selected from turbine, generator, vane motor or various Armstrong motor, perhaps " breathings " air and from the engine of 116b injection pressurized hydrogen from such accessory transfer pressure and the device that flows.Similarly; Pressure fluid can carry out among accessory 118b or afterwards to the conversion of steam or gas, be used for from such accessory transfer pressure and the device that flows can be selected from turbine, generator, vane motor or various Armstrong motor or expand and/or the burning pressure fluid like engine from the oxygen of 118b.

On the other hand, a kind of apparatus and method that overcome the expensive and power attenuation of transformer and rectifier circuit are provided.This adjusting coupling through load voltage and source voltage realizes; Said adjusting coupling is through realizations that be connected in series of electrode in electrode battery or the battery, for example with the negative polarity in DC source be connected to successively nethermost three circle electrode 110b, to ensuing three circle electrode 114b, to ensuing three circle electrode 110b, to ensuing three circle electrode 114b, again to ensuing three circle electrode 110b and from (the highest) on the contrary hold begin with the positive conductor from the DC source be connected to three circle electrode 114b successively, to ensuing three circle electrode 110b, to ensuing three circle electrode 114b, to ensuing three circle electrode 110b, again to ensuing three circle electrode 114b.Can regulate the number of turn of truncated cone and/or pile up number to produce the required area of Matching Source amperage.

In this embodiment on the other hand; Except that the separation of the gas that provides electrolysis to produce; The swabbing action that embodiment more of the present invention produced also provides nutrient sending to microorganism; The relative scale that depends on operation; These microorganisms live with in suitable medium such as carbon cloth, activated carbon granule, expansion silica, graphite felt, coal, charcoal, fruit stone, wood chip, shredded paper, sawdust and/or its mixture, and these media are usually located in the part of electrode 110b and/or between the part of electrode 114b and container 102b.Function corresponding and benefit comprise system thermostabilization, raw material circulation, product such as carbon dioxide pipette and hydrogen from the production of the acid that possibly produce through the hatching of this quasi-microorganism, nutrition and growth.

Under low and medium current density, the buoyancy that low-density solution and bubble cause can make electrolyte in container 102b, circulate.Under higher current density, advantageously control electrolytical temperature, pressure and circulation adaptively as the front is disclosed.Electrolytical outer circulation can be from accessory 126b to accessory 138b, and is as shown in the figure, and comprises that container 102b wherein includes the situation of or numerous electrode batteries that connect with optional series connection and/or series-parallel circuit.

On the other hand; This embodiment can be optimized to high current density; To transmit proportionately higher fluid electrolyte flow rate through one or more holes or groove 139b, the annular space between said hole or groove 139b and electrode 110b and the 114b guides fluid tangently.Electrolyte upwards flows along the formed spirality of electrode space and by replenishing from the electrolyte of the annular space between 110b and the 114b by the entering spirality path that 110b and 114b provided.The electrolytical angular momentum that gets into the space between electrode 110b and the 114b will increase electrolysate as respectively in motive force that the bubble rising of hydrogen that produces on electrode 110b and the 114b and oxygen is aspirated and on the momentum being added to.

For guarantee to self- electrode 110b and 114b exchange charge after become the rapid recharge of ion of hydrogen and oxygen atom or other gas such as carbon dioxide and minimum so that collect and remove the electric polarization loss that makes simultaneously in the electrolytic process for pipetting this type gas, this electrolyte circulation height is favourable.Therefore be easy to accept very high current density with the fluid of electrolysis cycle efficiently.On the other hand; Through the huge cooling capacity of the design due to the electrolyte circulation of improving the further adaptation of high current density is provided, the electrolyte circulation of said improvement will prevent harmful viscous flow of electrolysate and/or reducing of phase transformation such as water vapour nucleation and active electrode area.

On the other hand; Electrode 110b and 114b can constitute form of springs; Said form of springs can advantageously be moved perhaps under resonant frequency by various inducement disturbances; Such inducement comprises the acceleration thrust of the less density mixture of effect that the eccentric wheel, bubble of piezoelectric driver, rotation form and electrolyte and bubble, because the electrolyte of higher density is held liquid will be delivered to electrode 110b and 114b under the swabbing action that is produced surface.Response storm, electrode 110b and 114b will remove and therefore obtain higher current density and the energy conversion efficiency of Geng Gao with further enhancing bubble from the surface that comprises the nucleation site with intrinsic frequency or the frequency vibration of being induced.

The induced vibration of the electrode of coil spring form such as 110b and 114b can also cause the mechanism of wriggling, thereby strengthens the corresponding collection path and the acceleration of leaving port of bubble to electrolytic cell 100b.In this vibration processes, the average distance between the adjacent layer of electrode circle and the periodicity of angle increase and reduce producing node fixing or that advance, and this depends on the amplitude and the frequency of inducement.

Fig. 5 B show be used for electrode 110b ' and 114b ' between electric insulation sept 111b combine the representative section figure of one group of electrode 110b ' with the 114b ' of operation, electric insulation sept 111b comprises that selection is used for multiple application shown in Fig. 2 B and the electrolytical helical flow that comprises is sent the insulator 10b of structure.The assembly of concentric electrode 110b ', sept 111b and electrode 114b ' will provide very firm self-reinforcing system with realize fluid such as water with the efficient that improves and anti-fouling tendency, from the liquid of anoxic digester or efficiently dissociating of seawater.Electrode 110b ' and 114b ' can be from conductive carbon paper, cloth or felts; Carbon weaven goods or carbon felt and metal filament, be clipped in the graphite granule between carbon weaven goods or the metal filament; Perhaps the polymer of plating or metal slabs such as mild steel, nickel plating steel or stainless steel are constructed; It is more or less bored with a large amount of holes on parallel center line as the front is disclosed; The inclination as shown in the figure of these holes is with from the common gas that produces such as oxygen, chlorine or carbon dioxide separation of hydrogen correspondingly, and the gas of said common generation depends on that electrolytical chemistry constitutes.

Arrange with coaxal electrode shown in Fig. 4 B that at electrode 110b ', sept 111b and electrode 114b ' hydrogen is delivered to port one 16b, and depends on the material that dissociates under the situation about adopting, product such as oxygen, chlorine or carbon dioxide are delivered to port one 18b.In some cases, a large amount of holes is provided in 110b ' and 114b ' preferably, makes the aperture in each hole from the surface of contact interval thing 111b, increase on taper ground slightly to exit surface away from sept 111b.

The preferred thickness of selecting screw pitch, interelectrode width and constituting the band of sept 111b make with the speed that need match with available electric energy and system's heat transfer from 138b to and send electrolyte through electrode 110b ' and 114b ' to accessory 126b, to optimize interelectrode gained width spaces.This makes locates sending of the abundant ion that is used for electrolytic process at electrode 110b ' and 114b ', guarantees that simultaneously hydrogen is separated to the interior district of electrode 110b ', and common gas such as oxygen, carbon dioxide or the chlorine that produces is delivered to the space outside the electrode 114b '.

On the other hand, can be through the gas flow groove being provided in hydrogen electrode, the gas flow groove is provided in oxygen electrode, is provided in addition moving said system with regenerating to the bottom of hydrogen electrode hydrogenation with at the suitable accessory of the at oxygenation of oxygen electrode.In this case, possibly advantageously adopt form concentric spirals shape electrode, particularly single therein canister assembly promptly satisfies in the little fuel cell of energy demand.

Referring to Fig. 6 B, wherein show the cross section that is used for the spiral electrode under the reversible fuel cell operation situation.This will provide the improvement of surface/volume, section modulus and column stability for the electrode 110b of electrode 114b or similar spiral pattern.In this sectional view example electrode 114b; Wherein, Gas 152b flows along spiral groove; Said spiral groove forms through ripple bar made-up belt, and said made-up belt is used for forming spiral and sending of oxygen is provided and in electrolysis procedure, sends oxygen to anchor ring 136b and accessory 118b for fuel battery operation.For the electrode 110b under fuel cell and electrolysis mode, same structure also is applicable to and under electrolysis mode, organic acid is converted into carbon dioxide and hydrogen and guarantees that a large amount of gas is delivered to required collection or source port as previously mentioned.

On the other hand, through promoting the microbial growth and the maintenance that the moisture derivative of organic substance such as carbonic acid, acetate, butyric acid and lactic acid and compound such as urea are converted into hydrogen that improved electrode performance is provided.At the selected electrode that is used to produce hydrogen ion and/or release of carbon dioxide; Strengthen the micro-organisms rate that improves through this type electrode surface being made for the pattern that has increasing effective surface area; Wherein said pattern strengthens long filament or the whisker that comprises high aspect ratio, and such long filament or whisker will reduce the resistance of matrix electrode and help microorganism and biomembrane with required membrane substance that digestion process provided fix in position together.

Bound by theory not it is believed that the special characteristic of electrode and/or separator such as pattern is handled or the enhancing meeting will promote the electrolytical turbulent flow in desired location place, comprises cavitation or supercavitation, and it promotes the nucleation of this position then.Otherwise the particular configuration of electrode and/or separator can suppress the for example turbulent flow at the some place of electronics transfer of desired location, comprises cavitation or supercavitation, and it suppresses the nucleation of this position then.Expection comprises that the element of these characteristics can need any position of nucleation to implement in electrolytic cell.In addition, these identical characteristics and the principle container that can be applied to gas collection vessel or the similar containers that is communicated with the electrolytic cell fluid or be communicated with therebetween passage or valve fluid.

The nanometer diameter long filament that suitable long filament and/or whisker comprise metal or doped semiconductor such as carbon, silicon or carbonitride or boron nitride with surface area that increase is provided, reduce ion transport loss and resistance loss, raising micro-organisms rate and make nucleation more effectively with release of carbon dioxide more efficiently.Such long filament also can be used to the grappling graphite granule, and this will further improve the micro-organisms rate, improves enzyme and catalyst utilization ratio and help the hydrogen ion production process.Similarly, hydrogen ion is provided with electronics and produces the electrode that hydrogen atom and nucleation form the bubble of diatomic hydrogen therein, can utilize long filament and whisker to increase effective area and the required voltage of the whole process of reduction.

Except that carbon whisker, also having found will provide the resistance that reduces and the process efficiency of raising from metal such as tin, zinc, nickel with from the long filament of the refractory metal growth of vapour deposition or the growth of the coating on suitable substrate such as ferroalloy electrode.This type long filament or whisker can be made for through following manner and be more suitable for strengthening in biomembrane supporting and process: add useful surfactant and/or with suitable material such as carbon, boron nitride or carborundum through sputter or the overlay coating that deposits like decomposition from material from the carbon donor of exemplary precursors (like acetylene, benzene or comprise the alkane gas of methane, ethane, propane and butane).

The embodiment of Fig. 4 B and modification thereof can provide the favourable separation of the low-density gaseous state derivative that fluid dissociates; Comprise that hydrogen separates as summarizing among the equation 1-6 from organic liquid; Sending the mixture of hydrogen or rich hydrogen to port one 16b, and carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide enriched mixture (comprising the fixed nitrogen component) are delivered to port one 18b.In some applications, the polarity that possibly expect to put upside down these electrodes is to put upside down the delivery port of separating gas.Putting upside down like this can be long-term or intermittence, to reach various purposes.Resonant frequency or the relative fluid velocity of forced vibration frequency and each electrode of selection and each electrode that depends on the screw pitch of electrode 110b and 114b, hydrogen can be delivered to port one 16b and system can operate to and comprises methane and carbon dioxide.But the carbon dioxide that is delivered to port one 18b possibly comprise methane and the color density gas higher than hydrogen.At needs the Hy-Boost mixture of hydrogen and methane being provided has hydraulic pressure and will make things convenient for following selection with Fig. 4 B embodiment that circuit control measure (for example being provided with controller 52b by pump 36b) are moved in the application of non-throttling operation of internal combustion engine, various burner, stove or fuel cell so that realize: with controlled hydrogen with the generation of methane ratio with separate required fuel mixture and send at port one 16b place.

Through in electrochemical cell, adding medium such as colloidal carbon, carbon filament (comprising nanostructured), stratiform carbon crystal, Graphene plate let, active carbon, zeolite, pottery and/or boron nitride particle; The scheme of the powerful anaerobism bacterium colony of a kind of unexpected but particularly advantageous generation microorganism is provided, and said microorganisms Organic Ingredients is to the required conversion of hydrogen and/or methane.This type medium can be doped or be composite with all ingredients, so that the catalytic production rate of enhancing to be provided.Exemplarily, can be through the functional of expectation being provided with the selected reagent such as boron, nitrogen, manganese, sulphur, arsenic, selenium, silicon, tellurium and/or the phosphorus doping that more or less have electronic structure.The circulation that the gas that electrolytic process discharges causes can promote the coordination (sorting) of this type medium to vantage point and density, thereby realizes flow of charge utilization more efficiently.

Not limited by particular theory; But according to conjecture; In such synergistic results and the critical localisation increase of surface area and stringer, zone or long filament increase relevantly, said stringer, zone or long filament are strengthened nucleation process and/or are carried out electronics or hydrogen ion and the favourable absorption in biomembrane and gained reaction zone of enzyme, hydrogen, methane or carbon dioxide.Show that also in various embodiments disclosed by the invention, microorganism is hatched to be reached in the operation of carrying out to be recycled in the flow path that is produced by the efficient position that utilizes.

Except that whisker and long filament such as carbon, graphite, various metal carbides and carborundum and other inorganic substances and particle with catalytic way raising performance, adopting required nutrient or catalyst are provided also will be favourable with the active material and the particle of assisting microbial process.Exemplarily; Adsorbable electric conductivity organic catalyst of the porous of polymer, pottery or active carbon and/or stratiform base material such as tetramethoxy phenyl Cobalt Porphyrin (CoTMPP) or gather (3; The 4-Ethylenedioxy Thiophene) (PEDOT) and/or with playing a driving role is orientated and provides other catalytic species; Comprise enzyme and graft polymers, said other catalytic species also can be used to introduce and catalytic specie is provided, and comprise other enzyme.

Suitable material or graft polymers can comprise conventional dendrimers, fibre morphology body and other organic functional materials those to reduce to greatest extent or alternative platinum and other expensive catalysts and conductor.This type substitute materials and utilization thereof comprise mixture or the segmentation position of circulating with respect to the fluid that embodiment more disclosed herein produced.The conduction of multiple special use and/or catalytic structure comprise can grow or adhere to electrode 4b, 8b, 110b or 114b and/or with coated carbon felt or weaving structure or be distributed to biomembrane and hang needle-like deposit and fiber in the film.Exemplarily; Conduction and/or catalysis can be through to keep and to provide hydrogenase and other enzymes, CoTMPP and/or other catalyst as gathering (3; The 4-Ethylenedioxy Thiophene) (PEDOT) long filament provides as fiber, and said long filament synthesizes self-organizing, thin diameter, aspect ratio from aqueous surfactant solution and surpasses 100 nanofiber and low charge-conduction resistance is provided.Synthetic can being suitable in the aqueous solution that comprises anionic (SDS) through the concentration of change SDS with in addition through adding FeCl ₃(a kind of exemplary program is seen people such as being set forth in Moon Gyu Han to produce various configurations with the structure that produces polymerization; Facile Synthesis of Poly (3; 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Nanofibers from an Aqueous Surfactant Solution, Small 2, No.10; Among the 1164-69 (2006), it is incorporated herein by reference).Other instances comprise functional catalyst and the little conductor that is the nano composite material form; Said nano composite material is derived from cellulose nano-fibrous and semiconductive conjugated polymer, and said semiconductive conjugated polymer comprises the polyaniline (PANI) with quaternary ammonium side chain and gathers (right-phenylacetylene) (PPE) derivative.Can the cellulose with anion form surface charge, carbon or ceramic whisker and positively charged conjugated polymer be made up to form stable dispersion, such dispersion can be from polar solvent such as formic acid solution curtain coating.

Preparation comprise graft polymers and organic metal alkoxide, metal alkyl end group and acetate the catalysis benefit and contain the application of the polyalcohol catalyst of COOH end group.Except that the mixture of end group, can also select special sense and difunctionality end group to produce multi-functional characteristic, comprise catalysis, active stabilizer, grafting agent and diffuse-aggregate promoter.Similarly, the special activation of the hydrogen that produces through anoxic Institute of Micro-biology of carbon or other materials and/or enzyme local rich hydrogen will be provided environment to strengthen or to suppress the generation of methane and strengthen the additional generation of hydrogen from various organic substances.

Referring to Figure 1B-3B, randomly, it possibly be favourable the felt of one or more additional carbon filaments being provided and/or weaving screen cloth to the outer and inner surface of cylindrical parts 8b, 10b, 11b, 110b and/or 114b.Additional felt like this and/or weave screen cloth and can proportionately collect or distribute electronics and help grappling or preferentially settle particle, long filament and/or other structures with electrode 4b, 8b, 110b and/or 114b and/or separator 10b or 11b is to reduce the pressure loss or dispense liquid stream and promote that microorganism transforms operating function at institute's energy requirement more equably.

In for the complementarity and competitive reaction and process of clean production that hydrogen and carbon dioxide are provided, comprise a plurality of process steps, these process steps are summarised in the equation 8.

Carbon+2H ₂O → CO ₂+ 4H ⁺+ 4 electronic equations 8

Carbon is consumed as summarizing in the equation 8, comprise maybe with from anoxic digester or electrolyzer or as the component of the result's of various manufacturings outputs liquid mixing or the carbon that carbonaceous material is supplied with.Exemplarily; Carbon can comprise waste material, the electrode coating (comprising slot liner) on the electrode or particle or the long filament or the flocculant of grinding, machined, electric discharge machine processing (EDM) and the operation of various heat chemistry carried out from making a living the electrogenesis utmost point or pass through thermal dissociation and the selected carbide of course of reaction generation, comprise colloid or other suspended substances because of the dehydrogenation generation of the various degree of organic substance.

Such carbon and/or carbon donor raw material can be supplied with by the bacterium, phytoplankton or the bigger algae that receive carbon dioxide and other nutrients from the liquid of being supplied with renewablely, perhaps supply with through making carbon dioxide be recycled to the plant of hydroponics and/or soil support renewablely.Utilize this type form the carbon with high surface/volume and to wherein its voltage gradient is provided will be favourable for reaction shown in driving with for send district that hydrionic purpose sends to electrode surface; Wherein said electrode surface comprises additional conducting medium such as long filament and conducting filtration material so that the generation of bubble hydrogen, nucleation and release, thereby improves the global rate of hydrogen manufacturing.

Appropriate action and/or the flocculant that increases active surface comprises having for example those of cellulose, phytoplankton that live and that dissociate of bacterium, albumen, monose and complex sugar, cellulose, thermal dissociation of organic component, and various forms of colloidal carbon, active carbon and carbide.Exemplarily, phytoplankton and/or bigger algae can grow, dry, mix with binding agent such as corn syrup, with the mode dehydrogenation of heat various degree and milling extremely so that flocculant in small, broken bits to be provided.Perhaps; Can mill the active carbon raw material so that particle in small, broken bits to be provided, and these particles can be used in combination with the efficient that strengthens required production or enzyme with the disclosed material in front, support hatching or improves hydrogen or methane production and/or shown in equation 8, consume carbon and being used for electrolysis with the generation hydrogen ion of desired microorganisms as enzyme receiver or flocculant medium or its.

If desired, use once in a while salt solution or in based on the electrolyte of water, add a spot of salt can produce chlorine and sterilize fast or prevent shown in harmful fouling of electrolyzer system.The employing of some embodiments; Fig. 5 B for example; The feasible system that is produced can there be harmful fouling inherently, even when adopting electrolyte such as waste water, industrial process water, wood ash water, seawater, water of coal ash, canal and ditch water in a canal or anoxic digester liquid.In addition, if desired, such system can remove the particle that possibly be delivered to electrode from accessory 118b to the 138b adverse current through electrolyte or rinse water and obtain Rapid Cleaning.

The application of some embodiments comprises that big population water treatment operates the electrolyzer of nano-scale; Comprise the improvement to conventional waste digestion pond, the solution or " liquid " that contain organic material are supplied to from conventional waste digestion pond to produce hydrogen and/or methane and/or carbon dioxide and other plant nutrients.Under this ability, some embodiments can provide fast and efficiently transforming of the anoxic accessory substance that digester is produced and hydrogen ion is changed into hydrogen, and the acid degradation that overcomes the methane production operation.Be in operation, from the liquid of anoxic digester be used to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide so that pH advantageously return to 7.0 near or remain near 7.0, rather than possibly hinder under the more acid condition of methane production system.This feasible raising that realizes the total energy transformation efficiency is because it has overcome being used for adding the needs of chemical reagent with the expensive measures of the pH in the adjusting digester.In so medium and large-scale application; Advantageously design and supervise and make the multipurpose multifunctional operating system that comprises the electronic distribution circuit, said multipurpose multifunctional operating system can also provide particle such as carbon, boron nitride, zeolite, polymer and the pottery that comprises this type material required confining force under the condition of different activatables to strengthen the property.

On the other hand; Electrolyzer such as disclosed herein is used so that the quick conversion of the acid that is produced by anoxic digestion to be provided usually, and said anoxic digestion comprises adopts municipal wastewater and rubbish and from the application of the discarded object at slaughterhouse, dairy, laying hen field and other animal feeding centers etc.If the acid that anoxia condition produced makes pH drop to far below 7, then the production of methane is with slack-off or be suppressed.If the feed rate of organic material surpasses the ability of methanogen group, then possibly form such acid.Through from such acid extractants hydrogen, the speed through anoxic digestion process organic material can be improved.The combination of methane and hydrogen will provide the net energy production of higher discarded object per ton far away, and discarded object will be handled faster and increases the ability of this process.

The useful especially embodiment of some embodiments is in such discarded object-energy Transformation Application: said applications exploiting organic substance such as sewage and in anoxic that equation 1-6 is summarized electricity digestion process hydrolysis rubbish, farm discarded object and forest waste wood produce hydrogen, and the generation of oxygen is few or the generation of anaerobic.Firm structure and recirculation operation make to the solid that dissolves very high tolerance to be arranged, and said solid comprises as organic solid and particle in the electrolytical anoxic process liquids.Produce hydrogen and nothing and brine electrolysis and that kind that discharges release oxygen correspondingly, the hydrogen that with promotion with the discarded object is the source is as the more high efficiency of the refrigerating gas in electrical equipment such as the generator and safe in utilization.

In the Another Application of discloseder embodiments, the 900b of electrolyzer system provides in adjuster 950b and has made living beings generation tissue and/or cell rupture to realize sooner or couveuse processing more completely, digestion and/or support through enzyme, machinery, heat, sound, electricity, pressure and/or chemical action and process shown in Fig. 7 B in this article.The fluid of the related raw material that contains to come this type ruptured cell of self tuning regulator 950b and produced by converter 902b is recycled to electrolyzer 914b through the ring distributor 922b of base 910b, and is as shown in the figure.The anoxic microorganism is supported and received by medium 940b and 942b and passes through conduit 910b from the liquid of hydrogen separator 904b recirculation and the liquid that recycles from carbon dioxide separator 906b through conduit 908b, and is as shown in the figure.Electrode 918b and/or medium 942b hydrogen release, and electrode 916b and/or medium 940b release of carbon dioxide.To electrode 916b and 918b the electromotive force bias voltage is provided through circuit 926b by source 924b, said bias voltage can be 0.1 to about 3VDC, and this depends on that compound dissociates needs and interim increase voltage to overcome the needs of formed dielectric film.Hydrogen is transferred to collect and to be delivered to separator 904b through advancing along conical surperficial 925b more or less; Trochoidal surface 925b can be the surface of conduction; This depends on required series/parallel modification, is perhaps taken in and is supported by insulator 930b, and is as shown in the figure.

Be in operation; Liquid mixes in distributor anchor ring 922b and upwards advances the process reaction thing being provided and being that microorganism provides nutrient, and said microorganism lives with active carbon cloth and/or particle 940b and 942b and/or encases and keep this type particle in the conductive felt near electrode 916b and/or 918b basically.Can add smaller particles thing and long filament infiltrating the position of whole electrolyzer system, thereby strengthen charge-conduction property, enzyme and catalysis, comprise front those disclosed.Separator 902b can be that reverse osmosis membrane or cation or anion-exchange membrane or its can make up by the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 B, 3B, 4B or the 5B; And in some cases; Such separator can use with being bonded to each other; For provide various liquid peripheral passage and/or under different pressure, produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide or make hydrogen and carbon dioxide between when having pressure reduction, maybe needs like this.

Similarly; If electrode 916b is used as electron source with adjacent felt and/or medium 940b; Then can obtain many Cyclic Selection, with since under the effect of lift of gas, convection current or send the ion that the liquid that circulates sends through pump and produce hydrogen, as shown in the figure.Under this selects, along with sending with 950b since 902b or producing hydrogen ion, with release of carbon dioxide by the acid that microorganism (living with in fiber or the granule medium 942b relevant felt material opposite with electrode 916b with adding electrical bias by electrode 918b) is produced.If electronics is provided by electrode 918b, then will produce another exemplary selection and produce hydrogen, said hydrogen is collected to be delivered to gas collector 904b by insulator 930b, and is as shown in the figure.In this case, electrode 916b be electron collector with the relevant medium of its electricity because along with carbon dioxide is sent and is passed through insulator 930b to gatherer 906b, carbon dioxide be released and shown in suction is provided in the fluid circuit, as shown in the figure.

Referring to Fig. 7 B, system 900b can be used to Organic Ingredients as those are converted into methane, hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide and/or pass through microorganism through photosynthesis produced.Depend on the microorganism of being lodged, contain sour liquid usually and in electrolyzer 914b, dissociate like acetate and butyric acid and compound such as urea.Electrolyzer 914b provides electric current and produces hydrogen and the operation as digester and electrolyzer can be provided from this compounds and acid under enough voltage; Perhaps can in anoxic digester (not shown), move or can utilize the liquid that anoxic digestion is produced among the 914b, as shown in the figure.For being converted from the organic waste of population and/or industry park to supply with fuel and raw material to population to make the durable goods of carbon enhancing, such operation is particularly useful.

Referring to Fig. 8 B; On the other hand; The layout that confession is used for one or more conductive electrodes (comprise disclosed herein those) of electrolyzer is shown and comprises dull and stereotyped (not shown) or coaxal electrode 1002b as shown in the figure, 1003b, 1004b or 1005b, and it can electrically connect as the one pole or the bipolar component of electrolyzer.Some or all of such conductive electrodes provide vast surface because of high surface/volume material like the Graphene that separates or the layer (for example a carbon and/or a BN " filter ") of other thickness.This microorganism that can be used to lodge (said microorganism decomposition comprises that the various organic materials of volatile fatty acid to discharge electronics and proton, are used for the generation hydrogen at the cathode surface place) also can be embodied as with any above-mentioned embodiment and use.

On the other hand, microorganisms is added to active carbon or polymer beads or the long filament of introducing in the high surface/volume material that constitutes electrode 1002b, 1004b, 1006b, 1008b with decomposing volatile aliphatic acid and various other organic indispensable enzymes.Perhaps, any microorganism described herein, enzyme or promoter can be introduced in the said surface.Along with such enzyme or other materials or promoter are exhausted, degrade or destroys, can add this fermentoid, material or the promoter of magnitude of recruitment as required.This system allows to realize the optimization of promoter, comprise allow microorganism separate but provide this fermentoid to grow up strong and sturdy in the position of the operating utilization of electrolyzer as shown in the figure.

In another embodiment; Said indispensable enzyme, microorganism or promoter artificially are produced as duplicate or " design enzyme " for change differently, polymer or compound that it is grafted to suitable natural polymer such as cellulose or lignocellulosic or is grafted to various plant produced.

The viable bacteria of boarding microorganism fall or maintenance enzyme system that duplicate from enzyme that the viable bacteria of microorganism falls to shifting or factory or different the design enzymes that change in, need make that electrolytical resistance minimizes in the electrolyzer.This will promote the process that illustrates prevailingly in the for example equation 9 of acetate and various acid and other materials that will be consumed with the generation of hydrogen under required high pressure such as urea, and this may be implemented in any embodiment disclosed herein equally.

CH3COOH+2H2O=2CO2+4H2 equation 9

On the other hand, thus being used to detect existence, ability and the vitality of chemically reactive substance and identification this type material or enzyme optimizes the system of the operation of maintenance enzyme system and can use with this embodiment so that realize regulating the adaptive system of service condition and other service conditions of the amount that comprises the chemism nutrient.Equally, said system can implement with any embodiment disclosed herein.

In this article in other embodiments or aspect of disclosed any embodiment, the enzyme of hoping microorganism that under enough pressure operation is selected and/or maintenance with increase dissolve or otherwise remain on the CO in the solution ₂Amount, thereby improve electrolytical conductibility.This will improve system effectiveness and service ability in a number of ways, and these modes comprise:

1) hydrogen that produces under the high pressure may be delivered into compactness, pressurization ground stores and do not cause capital cost, maintenance or the energy cost that moves multistage hydrogen gas compressor.

2) hydrogen that produces under the high pressure can directly get into capstan to transmit to market.

3) hydrogen that produces under the high pressure can be used for pressurizeing other reactants so that can react or accelerated reaction.Exemplarily, the hydrogen of pressurization can be added in the nitrogen in the suitable reactor to produce ammonia or other products.

4) pressurization is to prevent the carbon dioxide release on the electrolyzer electrode surface or said release is minimized simplifying the electrolyzer design greatly.

5) through under high pressure collect through electrolyzer or the suitable subsystem of pressurization hydrogen with in the another position or after decompression, collect carbon dioxide through another subsystem and realized separating of hydrogen and carbon dioxide production.

Referring to Fig. 9 B; Wherein show the 1100b of system; The 1100b of this system comprises high pressure electrolyser 1102b, and high pressure electrolyser 1102b can receive the precursor flow that forms suitable electrolyte through the electrolyte of pressurization and/or in electrolyzer 1102b from suitable pump 1114b.As shown in one or more electrodes for example the microorganism on 1002b, 1004b, 1006b, 1008b etc. or the 1104b and/or maintenance enzyme and be applied to shown in the result of effect of voltage between plug 1106b and the 1124b, produce hydrogen through pressurization.High Pressure Hydrogen is delivered to suitable applications via pressure regulator 1120b through conduit 1122b.

Carbonated pressurization electrolyte flow is through hydraulic motor-generator 1126b, and carbon dioxide produces merit to the expansion of environmental pressure when utilizing mobile electrolytical kinetic energy and being delivered to suitable carbon dioxide purposes such as Liquid Culture system or greenhouse 1130b with growth algae, switchgrass, elegant jessamine or various other crop 1132b and/or 1134b along with carbon dioxide.Recycled via triple valve 1112b by pump 1114b by the electrolyte of depleted of carbon dioxide.

Living beings; Comprise the material of growing among the 1130b; By levigate or otherwise process the slurry of active material, said slurry is made up of the cell material of fragmentation, and these broken cell materials are in processor 1136b, to produce through suitable machinery, sound, chemistry, heat or radiation treatment.Active Organic Ingredients like this is added to acescent 1108b, through filter 1110b and through triple valve 1112b, arrives pump 1114b aptly, and is to get into pressure electrolyzer 1102b, as shown in the figure.

The operation of system 1100b is by controller 1101b response pressure, temperature and pH sensor 1142b, 1144b, 1146b and chemical active agent sensor 1140b and 1150b and provide, and is as shown in the figure.This makes indemnity mass-energy bring into play the required condition of optimum performance enough the adding with the enzyme that maintenance is provided through port one 118b.

In another embodiment, suitable electrode comprise system that wire or flat band from circular or other cross sections such as square or rectangle or various " star " shape form with provide be formed plastically weave embodiment or as spirality embodiment disclosed herein.Then the material of selecting such as iron or other alloys based on transition metal are heat-treated to carburizing and in solid solution, produce the carbon of various amounts; Said solid solution comprises the saturation region, these saturation regions additional heat treatment further limit or growth so that the growth of such saturation region especially near the surface.Along with carbon donor as hydrocarbon or carbon monoxide the surface on decompose, the carbon district of generation will speed up the deposition of other carbon.Equation 10 and 11 shows the total process of this type to the heat of the generation heat that is equal to or greater than carbon donor through the heat treated base material amount of providing:

The hot à xC+0.5yH2 of CxHy+ equation 10

The hot à C+0.5O2 of CO+ equation 11

Aspect some, hope to continue the carbon deposition to produce the carbon film that effectively covers entire electrode with enough degree of depth (combining), the very durable composite that has required form and surface/volume with generation in initial saturation region.

In another embodiment, near the initial preparation of the carbon-rich zone of saturation conditions and orientation through heat or cold working embodiment with provide carbon crystalline texture fully consistent orientation change, thereby the deposit that provides the carbon in succession of remarkable extension ground influence to deposit.So the carbon of the orientation of deposition quilt for example main exposed edge or that be the graphene layer more parallel with initial surface is tried so that the support of desired microorganisms process to be provided competitively.This can realize selecting " design carbon " to various types of desired microorganisms processes.

Referring to Figure 10 B, on the other hand, the manufacturing of the carbon/steel electrode that supplies to be used for embodiment disclosed herein is disclosed.These electrodes can comprise that surface treated carbon is to adhere to selectivity enzyme, microorganism or other promoter to improve the operation of electrolyzer.For making electrode, make steel or steel alloy substrate saturated by carbon institute according to this embodiment.The crystal grain of saturated carbon is arranged through for example induction heat treatment, thinks that carbon provides required grain orientation, shown in Phase I.Also can adopt other known heat treatment methods.In this step process, also can let electrode stand liquid cools to prevent electrode damage or other benefits are provided.

Shown in Phase, comprise that through known procedures clamping roll-in forms the shape electrode then.Shaping can be implemented like required further arrangement, the mode smooth or carbon grain that change is orientated.

Shown in Phase I, carbon then through known carbon techniques of deposition on electrode, deposition technique comprises vapour deposition, through this, carbon will deposit on the surface of electrode or grow.In this step process, carbon can strengthen further that grain-oriented mode deposits or select location place on electrode deposit carbon optionally, and this depends on the required purposes of electrode.For example, can deposit a kind of enzyme, microorganism or promoter a position, and another kind of enzyme, microorganism or promoter can be deposited over the another position, to realize the controlled use of enzyme, microorganism and promoter.In addition, the electrode with carbon of deposition can further be handled with further arrangement or orientation crystal grain through eddy-current heating or other measures, and this can comprise liquid cools equally.This process can be repeatedly until obtaining required carbon amount and/or grain orientation and/or crystal grain position.

Shown in Phase IV, after accomplishing surface treatment, make electrodes exposed then in one or more enzyme, microorganism or promoter of selecting to the application-specific of electrode, for example improve the enzyme of the output of required compound in the electrolytic process such as hydrogen.In any above-mentioned steps, but the ad-hoc location of said method target electrode.In addition, can apply different treatment conditions, make and to adopt different enzymes or can implement different enzyme density that this depends on the required structure or the purposes of electrode in different positions to different positions.Like this, the electrode that produces comprise to certain enzyme, microorganism or promoter have compatibility carbon structure and with said enzyme, microorganism or promoter be attached on the electrode desired location sentence for good and all or keep basically said enzyme in desired location in electrolysis or other electrode runnings, using.

Though described the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiment and embodiment, one skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention can change and revise and without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Therefore, scope of the present invention is only limited subsidiary claims.

Claims (43)

1. method that is used to provide the renewable origin of material resources, said method comprises:

First source of renewable energy is provided;

First material stream from first material source is provided;

The electrolyzer that links to each other with first source of said renewable energy with said first material stream is provided, and wherein said electrolyzer produces material resources from said first material stream through electrolysis;

Provide said material resources with further processing or use to first processor.

2. method according to claim 1, wherein said material resources comprises hydrogen.

3. method according to claim 1, wherein said material resources comprises the material based on carbon.

4. method according to claim 1, wherein said material resources comprises hydrocarbon.

5. method according to claim 1, wherein said material resources comprises the material based on nitrogen.

6. method according to claim 1, wherein said first material source is selected from organic material, living beings and bio-waste.

7. method according to claim 1, said method also comprise the step of further handling said material resources through the said material resources from said first processor is heated.

8. method according to claim 7, wherein said first processor comprises solar collector.

9. method according to claim 8, wherein said solar collector links to each other with said electrolyzer.

10. method according to claim 9, wherein said solar collector comprise that sunshine concentrates mirror.

11. method according to claim 10, wherein said sunshine concentrate mirror to comprise paraboloidal mirror, spherical mirror or settled date reflection mirror array.

12. method according to claim 8, said method comprise that also first supplemental heat source is to replenish or to substitute the heat from said solar collector.

13. method according to claim 11, wherein said material resources comprises methane, and the step of the said material resources of said further processing comprises that the said methane that dissociates is to produce carbon and hydrogen.

14. method according to claim 4 wherein provides said first material resources to comprise with the step of further processing or use to said first processor said hydrocarbon is converted into hydrogen and carbon.

15. method according to claim 14, wherein said material resources also comprises carbon dioxide.

16. method according to claim 14, said method also comprises the step that said hydrogen is converted into energy.

17. method according to claim 14, wherein said electrolyzer are constructed to selectively reverse speed operation and the battery that acts as a fuel, and the said step that said hydrogen is converted into energy comprises the act as a fuel operation of battery of said electrolyzer.

18. method according to claim 14, said method also comprises the step that said carbon is converted into one or more durable goods.

19. method according to claim 18, wherein said one or more durable goods comprise one or more durable goods of the step in first source that supplies to be used for to provide said renewable energy.

20. method according to claim 15, said method also comprise the step that provides said carbon dioxide to be used for agricultural use.

21. a system that is used to provide the renewable origin of material resources, said system comprises:

First source of renewable energy;

First material stream from first material source;

Electrolyzer, said electrolyzer links to each other with said first material stream with first source of said renewable energy, and wherein said electrolyzer is constructed to produce first material resources through electrolysis;

Processor is used for further handling or uses said material resources producing second material resources, and wherein said processor comprises that solar collector and wherein said solar collector are constructed to provide heat so that dissociate to said first material resources; With

Material resources holder, said material resources holder link to each other with said electrolyzer to receive said material resources from said electrolyzer or to provide said material resources with further processing or use to said processor.

22. system according to claim 21, wherein said material resources comprises the material based on carbon.

23. system according to claim 21, wherein said material resources comprises hydrocarbon.

24. system according to claim 21, wherein said material resources comprises the material based on nitrogen.

25. system according to claim 21, wherein said material resources comprises ammonia.

26. system according to claim 21, wherein said processor is constructed to said hydrocarbon is converted into hydrogen and carbon.

27. also comprising, system according to claim 26, said system be used to distribute hydrogen to be used for the distribution system at primary importance place.

28. also comprising, system according to claim 21, said system be used to distribute the material resources distribution system of said material resources with further use.

29. system according to claim 28, one or more the linking to each other in wherein said material resources distribution system and first source of said renewable energy, the said first organic material source, said processor or the said electrolyzer.

30. system according to claim 21, wherein said first processor is constructed to handle said material resources through heating to the said material resources from said first processor.

31. system according to claim 30, wherein said first processor comprises solar collector.

32. system according to claim 31, wherein said solar collector links to each other with said electrolyzer.

33. system according to claim 32, wherein said solar collector comprises that sunshine concentrates mirror.

34. system according to claim 33, wherein said sunshine concentrates mirror to comprise paraboloidal mirror, spherical mirror or settled date reflection mirror array.

35. also comprising, system according to claim 32, said system be configured to replenish or substitute first supplemental heat source from the heat of said solar collector.

36. system according to claim 31, wherein said material resources comprises methane, and said first processor is constructed to dissociate said methane to produce carbon and hydrogen.

37. a system that is used to provide the renewable origin of material resources, said system comprises:

First source of renewable energy;

First material stream from first material source;

Electrolyzer, said electrolyzer links to each other with said first material stream with first source of said renewable energy, and wherein said electrolyzer is constructed to produce first material resources through electrolysis;

Processor; Said processor is used for further handling or uses said material resources to produce second material resources, and wherein said processor comprises that solar collector and wherein said solar collector are constructed to provide heat so that dissociate to said first material resources; With

Material resources holder, said material resources holder link to each other with said electrolyzer to receive said material resources from said electrolyzer or to provide said material resources with further processing or use to said processor.

38. according to the described system of claim 37, wherein said solar collector is constructed to handle said first material resources through heating to said first material resources.

39. according to the described system of claim 38, wherein said solar collector links to each other with said electrolyzer.

40. according to the described system of claim 39, wherein said solar collector comprises that sunshine concentrates mirror.

41. according to the system of claim 40, wherein said sunshine concentrates mirror to comprise paraboloidal mirror, spherical mirror or settled date reflection mirror array.

42. according to the described system of claim 37, said system also comprises and is configured to replenish or substitute first supplemental heat source from the heat of said solar collector.

43. according to the described system of claim 41, wherein said material resources comprises methane, said first processor is constructed to dissociate said methane to produce carbon and hydrogen.

Images