GB2387641A - Combined heat and power unit - Google Patents

Combined heat and power unit Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2387641A
GB2387641A GB0209006A GB0209006A GB2387641A GB 2387641 A GB2387641 A GB 2387641A GB 0209006 A GB0209006 A GB 0209006A GB 0209006 A GB0209006 A GB 0209006A GB 2387641 A GB2387641 A GB 2387641A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
heat
engine
power unit
boiler
unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB0209006A
Other versions
GB0209006D0 (en
Inventor
Derek Cope
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GASFORCE Ltd
Original Assignee
GASFORCE Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GASFORCE Ltd filed Critical GASFORCE Ltd
Priority to GB0209006A priority Critical patent/GB2387641A/en
Publication of GB0209006D0 publication Critical patent/GB0209006D0/en
Publication of GB2387641A publication Critical patent/GB2387641A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/005Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system with recuperation of waste heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02GHOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • F02G5/04Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases in combination with other waste heat from combustion engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/10Gas turbines; Steam engines or steam turbines; Water turbines, e.g. located in water pipes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/70Electric generators driven by internal combustion engines [ICE]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/13Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units characterised by their heat exchangers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16Waste heat
    • F24D2200/18Flue gas recuperation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16Waste heat
    • F24D2200/26Internal combustion engine
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The unit 10 includes a fan 20, an engine 30, an electrical generator 50, a heat recovery unit 60, and a boiler 120. The engine may be a reciprocating engine, a Wankel or Stirling engine, or a gas turbine. The boiler is controlled to produce a heated water supply on demand by receiving water from the heat recovery unit via pipe 100. The boiler includes a modulating burner 115 and may have a condensing unit. Waste heat and exhaust emissions from the burner are directed towards a plate heat exchanger of a radiator 40 to further increase hot water generated. The fan directs air toward the electrical generator and the engine, which has a cooling system. Hot water in the cooling system is fed through the heat exchanger in the radiator 40 and then into the heat recovery unit 60. An inlet 70 and outlet 80 connect the unit 10 to a conventional hot water system.

Description

10 In comb À he 'wum( eel CODE He 1 Sol I electrical current and heat.
Electrical current is produced by means of a generator driven by an engine such as a reciprocating engine, a Wankel engine a Sterling engine or a gas turbine. Heat is produced from cooling systems and exhaust gases of the engine. Conventional low pressure hot water combined heat and power systems typically comprise a gas turbine driving electric generator which provides a portion of the power required by a building. Waste heat from the combustion process in the engine is collected from the engine cooling system and exhaust system and transferred to a low 20 pressure hot water system by way of separate heat exchangers. The hot water is pumped around the building to provide hot water for radiators, domestic hot water systems and possibly to air handling unit heating coils. Such systems are typically used in, for example, leisure centres and swimming baths, hotels, hospitals and sheltered housing. Unfortunately, the take- up of gas turbine CHP units has been much lower than expected. Some of the reasons for this are that gas prices have risen whilst electricity prices have fallen, the initially high cost of the units results in an extremely long pay back period and, perhaps most importantly, the fact that a thermal output is produced 30 irrespective of demand and often results in waste during the summer.
The fact that heating output is directly related to electricity generation has meant that buildings using CHP systems that constantly needed electricity power had hot wan 1 238764 1
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER UNIT
Field of the Invention
5 The present invention relates to a combined heat and power unit suitable for use in the home and also in small-scale commercial and light industrial facilities.
Background to the Invention
available whether it was needed or not. During the summer months, some hotels and leisure centres have been able to utilize the excess heat generated by running air conditioning systems or water coolers. However, the process of generating heat to subsequently reduce the heat of a room or water is obviously wasteful and means that 5 such systems are quite costly during summer months when heating is not required. In addition, it was typically not possible to increase the heat output of CHP units as the gas turbine is normally run at full power.
The present invention seeks to provide a CHP unit in which the thermal output can be 10 controlled in dependences on demand and in which the thermal output can exceed that provided by the generator alone.
Statement of the Invention
15 According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combined heat and power unit comprising an engine driving an electrical generator, a heat recovery unit arranged to capture heat produced by the engine and to heat a water supply with said captured heat and a water heater, wherein the water heater is controlled to heat the water supply upon demand.
By providing an integral water heater such as boiler within the CHP unit, the temperature of the hot water output from the CHP unit can be amplified as and when necessary. In this manner, a relatively low power generator can be incorporated in the CHP unit sufficient to generate electrical power for the home or for small commercial 25 or industrial premises and the resultant cost of the CHP unit can therefore be reduced to be suitable for the home or small industrial or commercial budget.
Brief Description of the Drawines
30 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an example of a CHP unit in accordance with the present invention.
- Detailed Description
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an example of a CHP unit in accordance with the present invention.
The CHP unit 10 includes a fan 20, an engine 30, an electrical generator 50, a heat recovery unit 60 and a boiler 120.
The engine 30 drives the electrical generator 50 to produce electrical energy. The 10 engine 30 includes an exhaust 35 and a radiator 40. Air is blown into the unit by the fan 20, cooling the electrical generator 50. Having been warmed by the electrical generator 50, the air then enters the engine 30 and its cooling system. Hot water in the cooling system of the engine 30 is fed through a plate heat exchanger within the radiator 40 and hot water generated by the heat exchanger is then fed into a heat IS recovery unit 60. How exhaust gases from the engine are also ducted to the heat recovery unit 60. The heat recovery unit 60 uses a condensing operation to increase the temperature of the hot water from the heat of the exhaust emissions. The hot water is fed into a conventional hot water system or the like, the entry and exit points of which are labelled 70 and 80, respectively. Exhaust emissions are then output from a flue 90.
20 The heat obtained from exhaust gases and by the heat exchanger can increase the hot water temperature by 4 C or more (equivalent to 15 to 35 kWe).
As and when additional hot water or water of an increased temperature is required, generated hot water from the heat recovery unit 60 can be fed into a high efficiency 25 boiler llO. The boiler 110 includes a modulating burner 115 and a condensing unit 120. Heat and exhaust emissions from the burner 115 that are not utilized by the boiler 110 itself are directed towards the heat exchanger of the radiator 40 to further increase hot water generated. The hot water is fed by a pipe system 100 from the hot recovery unit 60 into the boiler 110 and then out into output pipe 80. Flue exhausts from the 30 boiler l lO are output via exhaust port 130 that is coupled to the flue 90.
Using a 35HP rotary internal combustion engine as the engine 30, an 18kWe electrical generator can be driven. If this is combined with a boiler 110 having a 13-70KW
modulating output, 15 to 35kWe of hot water can be permanently provided (for example for kitchen use and hot water storage facilities), increasing to 18 to 103kWe when the boiler is activated.
5 In this manner, a CHP unit capable of delivering a modulating electrical base load and a variable thermal load at a very high operating efficiency can be provided.
It will be appreciated that specific elements within the CHP unit of the present invention could be replaced by equivalents without affecting the overall operation of 10 the present invention. In particular, whilst a condensing unit with a modulating burner is shown as the high efficiency condensing boiler, other boiler types can be envisaged.
In addition, a number of different engines could be used such as reciprocating engines, gas turbines or the like. However, in the case of the engine it is preferred that a rotary internal combustion engine is used (in particular, a rotary engine such as that developed 15 for light aircraft) as benefits of low vibration and noise, long intervals between major service work and relatively low capital outlay can be obtained from such engines. In contrast, reciprocating engines have a much higher maintenance cost, are high in vibration and are noisy whilst gas turbines are currently extremely expensive.
20 The heat recovery unit may be a fully condensing unit such as a condensing flue economizer.

Claims (8)

1. A combined heat and power unit comprising an engine driving an electrical generator, a heat recovery unit arranged to capture heat produced by the engine and to 5 heat a water supply with said captured heat and a water heater, wherein the water heater is controlled to heat the water supply upon demand.
2. A combined heat and power unit according to claim 1, wherein the engine comprises a rotary internal combustion engine.
3. A combined heat and power unit according to claim 2, wherein the engine comprises a light aircraft rotary internal combustion engine.
4. A combined heat and power unit according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the 15 water heater comprises a boiler.
5. A combined heat and power unit according to claim 4, in which the boiler comprises a high efficiency condensing boiler.
20
6. A combined heat and power unit according to any preceding claim, in which the engine includes a cooling system coupled to a radiator, wherein the heat recovery unit captures heat from the radiator via a heat exchanger.
7. A combined heat and power unit according to any preceding claim, in which 25 exhaust emissions from the engine are directed into a condensing unit within the heat recovery unit to thereby capture heat from the emissions.
8. A combined heat and power unit according to claim 7, in which the condensing unit comprises a condensing flue economiser.
GB0209006A 2002-04-19 2002-04-19 Combined heat and power unit Withdrawn GB2387641A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0209006A GB2387641A (en) 2002-04-19 2002-04-19 Combined heat and power unit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0209006A GB2387641A (en) 2002-04-19 2002-04-19 Combined heat and power unit

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0209006D0 GB0209006D0 (en) 2002-05-29
GB2387641A true GB2387641A (en) 2003-10-22

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Family Applications (1)

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GB0209006A Withdrawn GB2387641A (en) 2002-04-19 2002-04-19 Combined heat and power unit

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7466034B2 (en) 2004-12-10 2008-12-16 Lg Electronics Inc. Cogeneration system
WO2012056190A1 (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-03 Tacoma Properties Llc Micro combined heat and power unit
GB2485927A (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-30 Tacoma Properties Llc Micro combined heat and power unit having multiple heat exchangers
GB2485761A (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-30 Tacoma Properties Llc Micro combined heat and power unit and fuel burner with heat exchange systems
GB2485930A (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-30 Tacoma Properties Llc Micro combined heat and power generation system having a means for mounting on a wall
GB2485929A (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-30 Tacoma Properties Llc Micro combined heat and power unit with heat exchanger diverter valve arrangement
GB2485928A (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-30 Tacoma Properties Llc Micro combined heat and power unit having a rectifier and inverter to convert alternator generator output to predetermined AC frequency
EP2470787A2 (en) * 2009-08-27 2012-07-04 McAlister Technologies, LLC Energy system for dwelling support
US9097152B2 (en) 2009-02-17 2015-08-04 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Energy system for dwelling support
US9222360B2 (en) 2012-04-04 2015-12-29 Viking Heat Engines As Combined power and heating station
US9231267B2 (en) 2009-02-17 2016-01-05 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for sustainable economic development through integrated full spectrum production of renewable energy

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4873840A (en) * 1988-02-11 1989-10-17 Swedsteam Ab Energy co-generation system
DE29605834U1 (en) * 1996-03-20 1996-08-01 Widmann, Gerd, 93354 Siegenburg Block heater
GB2298903A (en) * 1995-03-17 1996-09-18 Auckland David W Stirling engine with sprung displacer and flexible diaphragm
WO1999040310A1 (en) * 1998-02-09 1999-08-12 Whisper Tech Limited Improvements in co-generation systems
EP1045127A2 (en) * 1999-04-14 2000-10-18 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Cogeneration apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4873840A (en) * 1988-02-11 1989-10-17 Swedsteam Ab Energy co-generation system
GB2298903A (en) * 1995-03-17 1996-09-18 Auckland David W Stirling engine with sprung displacer and flexible diaphragm
DE29605834U1 (en) * 1996-03-20 1996-08-01 Widmann, Gerd, 93354 Siegenburg Block heater
WO1999040310A1 (en) * 1998-02-09 1999-08-12 Whisper Tech Limited Improvements in co-generation systems
EP1045127A2 (en) * 1999-04-14 2000-10-18 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Cogeneration apparatus

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7466034B2 (en) 2004-12-10 2008-12-16 Lg Electronics Inc. Cogeneration system
US9231267B2 (en) 2009-02-17 2016-01-05 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for sustainable economic development through integrated full spectrum production of renewable energy
US9097152B2 (en) 2009-02-17 2015-08-04 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Energy system for dwelling support
EP2470787A2 (en) * 2009-08-27 2012-07-04 McAlister Technologies, LLC Energy system for dwelling support
EP2470787A4 (en) * 2009-08-27 2014-04-16 Mcalister Technologies Llc Energy system for dwelling support
GB2485761A (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-30 Tacoma Properties Llc Micro combined heat and power unit and fuel burner with heat exchange systems
GB2485928A (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-30 Tacoma Properties Llc Micro combined heat and power unit having a rectifier and inverter to convert alternator generator output to predetermined AC frequency
GB2485929A (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-30 Tacoma Properties Llc Micro combined heat and power unit with heat exchanger diverter valve arrangement
GB2485927B (en) * 2010-10-29 2013-02-27 Sustainable Power Ltd Micro combined heat and power unit with internal combustion engine exhaust gas heat exchanger
GB2485930A (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-30 Tacoma Properties Llc Micro combined heat and power generation system having a means for mounting on a wall
GB2485927A (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-30 Tacoma Properties Llc Micro combined heat and power unit having multiple heat exchangers
WO2012056190A1 (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-03 Tacoma Properties Llc Micro combined heat and power unit
US9222360B2 (en) 2012-04-04 2015-12-29 Viking Heat Engines As Combined power and heating station

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0209006D0 (en) 2002-05-29

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WAP Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1)