CN102711943B - 能导电的过滤元件和具有过滤元件的过滤装置 - Google Patents

能导电的过滤元件和具有过滤元件的过滤装置 Download PDF

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CN102711943B
CN102711943B CN201080062062.5A CN201080062062A CN102711943B CN 102711943 B CN102711943 B CN 102711943B CN 201080062062 A CN201080062062 A CN 201080062062A CN 102711943 B CN102711943 B CN 102711943B
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G·加利菲
H·梅斯
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Hydac Filtertechnik GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种过滤元件（20），其由独立的多个部件（2，4，8）组成，例如作为其中一个部件的过滤介质（8）以及其他过滤元件部件（2，4），在这些部件中，为了实施借助激光的透射焊接方法以使能够配设的过滤元件部件互相连接，至少一个部件（4）由至少部分地能被激光透过的材料组成，并且至少一个另外的部件（2）以阻隔层的形式构成并由至少部分地不能被激光透过的材料组成，其特征在于，该过滤元件的在透射焊接方法中暴露在激光中的部件的至少一部分至少部分地能导电。

Description

能导电的过滤元件和具有过滤元件的过滤装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种过滤元件以及一种具有这种过滤元件的过滤装置。所述过滤元件包括独立的多个部件，例如作为其中一个部件的过滤介质以及其他过滤元件部件，在这些部件中，为了实施借助激光的透射焊接方法以使能够配设的过滤元件部件互相连接，至少一个部件由至少部分地能被激光透过的材料组成，并且至少一个另外的部件以阻隔层的方式构成并由至少部分地不能被激光透过的材料组成。
背景技术
过滤元件在多个技术领域中用于过滤不同的流体。这些流体例如为液压液、润滑剂和燃油。在流体通流经过过滤元件的过滤介质时可以产生电压，该电压在不利的情况下能够达到一个值，这个值导致过滤介质、或者甚至过滤元件的至少部分的损坏。这特别是在当形成电压时产生的电荷不能够以合适的方式从过滤元件导出的情况下发生。为了应对产生所提及的电压的问题，已知的是使过滤介质例如通过引入能导电的金属线而具有一定的导电能力，并且通过合适的、通常是金属的其他过滤元件部件使在过滤介质上聚集的电荷导出。对这种过滤元件的另一个要求是，其应该成本低廉且能够大批量制造。为了达到上述要求，证明可以将过滤元件的独立的多个部件例如通过粘接互相连接。但是已知的技术方案通常费用很高，并且由于使用多种材料而产生不可忽略的回收利用问题。
DE 10 2007 013 178 A1公开了一种用于制造本文开头所述类型的过滤元件的方法，具有以下步骤：设置过滤介质，该过滤介质围绕内部的过滤空腔并包含能够热封装的材料；设置至少一个由热塑性的激光能透过的材料组成的端盖，该端盖在至少一个端部上形成过滤空腔的闭合部；在端盖与过滤介质的邻接端部之间构成激光不能透过的阻隔层；焊接端盖和过滤介质，其中用激光能量这样透射与阻隔层邻接的激光能透过的材料，使得通过加热与阻隔层邻接的区域提供一个焊接体积作为用于由激光透射焊接产生的焊接连接的接合元件。为了形成阻隔层，可以在端盖和过滤介质的邻接端部之间装入激光不能透过的焊接薄膜。
过滤元件部件通过借助激光的透射焊接方法连接，由此保证成本低廉的制造。已知的是，过滤元件配有环氧树脂胶粘剂。但是这种方法比借助激光的透射焊接具有更多缺点。例如在这种方法中需要较大的用于反应储存器的空间、用于粘接的过滤元件的堆放面积和胶粘剂。此外，这种方法非常费时，从而导致相应较高的制造成本。借助激光的透射焊接的优点在于：待连接的能够配设的过滤元件部件的热负载和机械负载较低、以及其在现有的制造流程中的灵活性、可自动化性以及集成能力。在注重经济方面的情况下，在这种方法中不需要如在粘接过程中产生的用于胶合剂和反应储存器的费用、清洁费以及维修费。在借助激光的透射焊接中还导致较短的循环时间。
发明内容
从现有技术出发，本发明的目的在于提供一种过滤元件以及一种具有这种过滤元件的过滤装置，所述过滤元件除了制造成本低廉以外还保证该过滤元件可靠地起作用，特别是避免在过滤元件的各部件上产生可导致该过滤元件损坏的电压。
过滤元件的在透射焊接方法中暴露在激光中的部件的至少一部分至少部分地能导电，由此可以对在过滤介质上形成的电荷进行安全地导出。
在按照本发明的过滤元件的一种实施形式中，阻隔层通过吸收激光产生热量并至少部分地用作相对于相邻邻接的其他过滤元件部件的连接件。在这种情况下导致阻隔层只是表面熔化或完全熔化，并且通过向相邻邻接的其他过滤元件的热传递，这些其他过滤元件部件也至少局部熔化并且可以由此通过焊接达到互相连接或与阻隔层连接。
在按照本发明的过滤元件的一种实施形式中，阻隔层至少部分地能导电。通过阻隔层的这种至少部分地能导电的结构，能够将电荷从经由阻隔层连接的过滤元件部件中导出。
在按照本发明的过滤元件的一种实施形式中，阻隔层以薄膜的形式构成并装入在待通过借助激光的透射焊接方法连接的各过滤元件部件之间。特别是通过使用用于阻隔层的厚度小于0.2毫米且优选约0.05毫米的薄膜，这样的薄膜以简单的方式适配于待连接的其间装入该薄膜的过滤元件部件的轮廓。
在按照本发明的过滤元件的一种实施形式中，阻隔层以涂层的形式构成，并至少局部地设置在过滤元件的待互相连接的各部件中的一个部件上。这样的涂层可以例如通过喷涂制造。在这种实施形式中，不需要装入作为单独部件的阻隔层，这简化该过滤元件的制造并降低成本。
在按照本发明的过滤元件的一种实施形式中，过滤介质为了导出电荷而至少部分地能导电。这样，在流体通流经过过滤介质时在过滤介质上形成的电荷可以传递到相邻的同样至少部分地能导电的过滤元件部件上，使得有效地避免产生能够导致过滤介质损坏的电压。为此，一方面，常规的过滤介质可以掺入能导电的金属线、纤维或织物，但另一方面，过滤介质本身的材料也可以通过合适的添加剂在其制造过程中就已构成为至少部分地能导电的。
在按照本发明的过滤元件的一种实施形式中，为了构成为至少部分地能导电的，所述过滤元件部件中的至少一个过滤元件部件至少部分地由具有形式为碳纳米管和/或碳纤维和/或钢纤维的添加剂的塑料材料形成。这样的添加剂具有的优点是：其能够以简单的方式与在制造过滤元件或过滤装置时使用的塑料结合。适于添加这种添加剂的原材料例如包括：聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚丁烯对苯二甲酸酯(PBT)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)、聚醚砜(PES)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、PC和ABS的组合物、PMMA和ABS的组合物或聚甲醛(POM)。碳素纤维也可以作为另外的添加剂。
在按照本发明的过滤元件的一种实施形式中，形成至少部分地能导电的所述至少一个过滤元件部件的塑料材料至少部分地能被激光透过。
在按照本发明的过滤元件的一种实施形式中，一个过滤元件部件以端盖的形式在至少一个端部上形成过滤元件的闭合部，并且由至少部分地能被激光透过的材料组成且在透射焊接方法中暴露在激光中。该端盖在过滤元件的所述至少一个端部上一方面形成过滤元件的闭合部，但是也在过滤介质的端侧形成用于该过滤介质的框架。
在按照本发明的过滤元件的一种实施形式中，所述端盖至少部分地能导电。该端盖作为过滤元件的闭合部可以为单件式的或多件式的，特别是单件式的、两件式的或三件式的，其中该端盖的至少一部分在这种实施形式中构造成至少部分地能导电的，使得由过滤介质导出的电荷能够传递到过滤元件的外部的闭合部。此外可以进一步规定，这样的端盖的至少一些部分具有连接装置，用于输入或输出待净化的或已净化的流体。在一种优选的实施形式中，这样的连接装置还具有至少一个用于密封剂的容纳腔。这种容纳腔特别是可以设置成用于O形环的凹槽的形式。
在按照本发明的过滤元件的一种实施形式中，为了构成所述至少部分地不能被激光透过的材料，所述过滤元件部件中的至少一个过滤元件部件至少部分地由具有形式为玻璃纤维的添加剂的塑料材料形成。将玻璃纤维少量混入塑料材料中已导致：激光通过这样的材料的透射降低并且激光的吸收提高，由此在这样提供塑料材料的情况下，优选实现将激光的能量转化为热量。
适用于借助激光的透射焊接方法的激光例如为固体激光器，如波长为1064纳米的Nd:YAG激光器以及波长范围为800至1000纳米的高功率二极管激光器。
在按照本发明的过滤装置的一种实施形式中，该过滤装置具有按照本发明的过滤元件以及至少一个至少部分地能导电的元件容纳部，所述元件容纳部能够流体密封地与所述过滤元件的至少一个过滤元件部件连接，并且所述元件容纳部能够能导电地与所述过滤元件的至少一个过滤部件连接。通过过滤装置的元件容纳部与过滤元件之间的导电连接，可以将由过滤元件导出的电荷通过元件容纳部并继而从过滤装置导出。
附图说明
以下借助在附图中示出的实施例详细阐述本发明。在附图中：
图1示出用于阐述借助激光的透射焊接方法的极其简化的示意图；
图2示出用于阐述实施借助激光的透射焊接方法的另一极其简化的示意图；
图3示出按照本发明的过滤元件的一个实施例的纵剖面；
图4示出按照本发明的过滤元件的另一个实施例的部分剖视图；
图5示出按照本发明的过滤元件的另一个实施例的部分剖视图；
图6示出按照本发明的过滤元件的另一个实施例的部分剖视图；
图7示出按照本发明的过滤元件的另一个实施例的部分剖视图；
图8示出按照本发明的过滤元件的另一个实施例的部分剖视图；
图9示出按照本发明的过滤装置的元件容纳部的第一实施形式；
图10示出按照本发明的过滤装置的元件容纳部的第二实施形式。
具体实施方式
按照图1，在借助激光的透射焊接方法中，在激光12遇到至少部分地不能被激光透过的部件2之前，激光源10的激光12穿过至少部分地能被激光透过的部件4。通过在部件2的表面上吸收激光12而在该表面处产生热量，使得该表面熔焊到相关区域中，其中，热能也传递到按照图1所示的部件4的底面上，并由此借助预限定的接合压力F在部件2和部件4的熔融体凝固时形成两个部件的期望的焊接连接。
所述至少部分地不能被激光透过的部件2例如可以是板、垫片或薄膜，其在焊接过程中表面熔化或完全熔化。在图1的图示中，部件2构成为板状的，而在根据图2的图示中，例如为了接合两个部件6和4，部件2以薄膜的形式构成并在透射焊接时完全熔化。只要部件2、4和6构成为至少部分能导电的，则电荷可以从部件4导出到部件2和/或部件6，或从部件2和/或部件6导出到部件4。
激光能透过的同时能导电的塑料可以例如通过以下方式制造：加入到塑料的基体材料中的形式为一定量的碳纳米管(CNT)和/或碳纤维的添加剂产生足够的导电能力，并且对于激光来说，该材料在一定的激光波长范围内是透明的。
在图3中以纵剖面示出的按照本发明的过滤元件20的实施例构造为基本上关于中心轴线22旋转对称的，并包括独立的多个部件，例如作为其中一个部件的过滤介质8以及其他过滤元件部件2、4、14、16和18。为了实施借助激光12的透射焊接方法以使能够配设的过滤元件部件互相连接，至少一个部件4由至少部分地能被激光12透过的材料组成，并且至少一个另外的部件2以阻隔层的形式构成并由至少部分地不能被激光12透过的材料组成，其中，所述过滤元件的在透射焊接方法中暴露在激光12中的部件的一部分至少部分地能导电。在图3中所示的实施形式中，例如过滤元件20的部件4构成为至少部分地能导电的。阻隔层2通过吸收激光产生热量，并由此至少部分地用作相对于相邻邻接的其他过滤元件部件(例如部件4、过滤介质8和支撑管14)的连接件。在图3所示的过滤元件20的下端，在支撑管14、过滤介质8和下闭合部18之间设置采用另一阻隔层16的形式的另一能被激光透过的部件16。这样可以也在这个区域中实现配设的过滤元件部件的互相连接。
在按照本发明的过滤元件20的一种实施形式中，阻隔层2和/或16为至少部分地能导电的，使得其适于传输电荷。
图4和图5分别示出按照本发明的能导电的过滤元件20的另外的实施例的部分剖视图，其在结构上这样设计，使得其具有导电能力并能够用借助激光的透射焊接方法接合。在这里示出的实施形式中，塑料材料用于各部件，各部件不必同时是能导电的并对于激光透明的。
按照图4，能导电的吸收的阻隔层2作为嵌件设置在激光透明的端盖、过滤介质8和支撑管14之间。端盖4构造为两件式的并具有由能导电的塑料制成的内环24，该内环能够将电荷导出到元件容纳部42(见图10)的导电的管接头40(见图10)上。内环24、阻隔层2、支撑管14以及过滤介质8由能导电的塑料制造。图4所示的下端盖26出于成本原因可以由不能导电的塑料组成，但是必须相对于激光是透明的。
阻隔层2在这种情况下以薄膜的形式构成。
按照图5中的实施例，将三件式的优选喷涂的O形环盖用于激光能透过的部件4。该O形环盖构成为具有阻隔层2，该阻隔层在两部件喷铸工艺中喷涂或者作为单独的部件嵌入。内环24形成O形环盖的第三部件。通过将内环24插入到O形环盖中形成用于O形环的容纳腔28。在过滤介质8上形成的电荷从过滤介质8向支撑管14通过内环24导出到元件容纳部42(见图10)的导电的元件管接头40上。因此，部件2、24、14和8由能导电的塑料制造。图5所示的O形环盖的上部部件4由对激光透明的塑料制造，使得激光12能够到达过滤元件的激光不能透过的部件2。
在根据图6的实施例中，内环24插入到O形环盖的激光能透过的部件4中。激光不能透过的部件2在这里安装到内环24上。激光在焊接过程中穿过激光能透过的部件4并且将作为激光不能透过的用作内环24的组成部分的部件的阻隔层熔化。形成的热能熔化采用O形环盖形式的激光能透过的部件4、支撑管14和过滤介质8的表面。在熔池凝固时则在这些部件之间形成焊接连接。在这些部件的这种设置结构中，O形环盖构成为对激光透明的，与之相反，内环24构成为对激光吸收的。电荷在这里从过滤介质8通过支撑管14传递到内环24上，使得这些部件由能导电的塑料制造。下端盖26必须构成为对激光透明的，但是不必强制地构成为能导电的。
在按照图7的另一种实施形式中不需要内环24，因为在这里支撑管14插入到激光能透过的部件4中，由此构成用于O形环的容纳腔28。在支撑管14上喷涂形式为阻隔层的激光不能透过的部件。过滤介质8和支撑管14由能导电的材料形成。电荷从支撑管14导出到元件容纳部42(见图9、图10)的导电的管接头40上。作为激光能透过的部件4的O形环盖以及在过滤介质8的对置端侧的端部上设置的下端盖26由激光能透过的材料形成。通过将阻隔层喷涂到支撑管14上，附加地装入一个阻隔层作为单独的部件变得多余，由此按照图7中的图示的过滤元件20的结构证明是特别经济的。
即使在根据图8的实施形式中，与图7中一样，阻隔层喷涂到支撑管14上，使得这里也无需装入单独的部件作为激光不能透过的阻隔层。激光射线穿过激光能透过的下端盖26并熔化阻隔层。该阻隔层然后将下端盖26与支撑管14和过滤介质8连接。电荷从过滤介质8传递到支撑管14上。过滤介质8和支撑管14由能导电的材料制造。
在不同的实施例中示出的用于接合作为激光能透过的部件4的O形环盖或下端盖26的变型方案也可以互相结合。此外，这些变型方案也可以在具有位于外部的支撑管(未示出)的过滤元件20上使用。可选地，支撑管在变型方案中也可以设计为两件式的，以保证过滤介质8的安装。为此，特别适合的是将支撑管在轴向方向上两件式地构成。经济上特别有利的是将根据图7的实施方式与带有直接喷涂到支撑管上的阻隔层的根据图8的实施方式相结合。
在图9和图10中示出用于按照本发明的过滤装置44的元件容纳部42，其分别具有导电的管接头40，该管接头能够与按照本发明的过滤元件20的一个部件导电地连接。
在根据图9的实施方式中，过滤元件20的过滤介质8设置在支撑管14中，并且O形环盖4朝元件容纳部42的导电的管接头40的方向在外圆周侧环绕地具有容纳腔28，在该容纳腔中置入O形环30。这样，在O形环的区域中构成为空管接头形式的O形环盖4密封地贴靠到导电的管接头40的相应的凹槽中，并且同时实现从O形环盖4到元件容纳部42的导电的管接头40的电荷传输。
在根据图10的实施方式中，过滤介质8安装到同轴地位于内部的支撑管14上，并且该支撑管14自身在其与管接头40相邻的端部上具有用于O形环30的容纳腔28。与根据图9的实施形式相比，元件容纳部42的管接头40在这里不是在外面安装到O形环盖4上，而是穿过O形端盖4，以采用密封地贴靠到O形环上的方式抵靠支撑管14的内壁。

Claims (11)

1.一种过滤元件(20)，包括独立的多个过滤元件部件，在这些过滤元件部件中，为了实施借助激光(12)的透射焊接方法以使能够配设的过滤元件部件互相连接，至少一个过滤元件部件由至少部分地能被激光透过的塑料材料组成，并且至少一个另外的过滤元件部件以阻隔层的形式构成并由至少部分地不能被激光透过的材料组成，其特征在于，该过滤元件的在透射焊接方法中暴露在激光中的所述至少一个过滤元件部件至少部分地能导电，为了构成为至少部分地能导电的，所述至少一个过滤元件部件至少部分地由具有形式为碳纳米管和/或碳纤维和/或钢纤维的添加剂的塑料材料形成。
2.按照权利要求1所述的过滤元件(20)，其特征在于，所述过滤元件部件包括作为其中一个过滤元件部件的过滤介质(8)以及其他过滤元件部件。
3.按照权利要求1所述的过滤元件(20)，其特征在于，所述阻隔层通过吸收激光而产生热量并至少部分地用作相对于相邻邻接的其他过滤元件部件的连接件。
4.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的过滤元件(20)，其特征在于，所述阻隔层至少部分地能导电。
5.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的过滤元件(20)，其特征在于，所述阻隔层以薄膜的形式构成并装入在待通过借助激光(12)的透射焊接方法连接的各过滤元件部件之间。
6.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的过滤元件(20)，其特征在于，所述阻隔层以涂层的方式构成并至少局部地设置在该过滤元件(20)的待互相连接的各过滤元件部件中的一个过滤元件部件上。
7.按照权利要求2所述的过滤元件(20)，其特征在于，所述过滤介质(8)为了导出电荷而至少部分地能导电。
8.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的过滤元件(20)，其特征在于，一个过滤元件部件以端盖的形式在至少一个端部上形成该过滤元件(20)的闭合部，并且由至少部分地能被激光透过的材料组成且在透射焊接方法中暴露在激光(12)中。
9.按照权利要求8所述的过滤元件(20)，其特征在于，所述端盖至少部分地能导电。
10.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的过滤元件(20)，其特征在于，为了构成至少部分地不能被激光透过的材料，所述过滤元件部件中的至少一个另外的过滤元件部件至少部分地由具有形式为玻璃纤维的添加剂的塑料材料形成。
11.一种过滤装置(44)，具有按照权利要求1至10之一所述的过滤元件(20)以及至少一个至少部分地能导电的元件容纳部(42)，所述元件容纳部能够流体密封地与所述过滤元件(20)的至少一个过滤元件部件连接，并且所述元件容纳部能够能导电地与所述过滤元件(20)的至少一个过滤元件部件连接。
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