CN103363066A - 行星齿轮机构传动齿轮箱及同类传动装置的制造方法 - Google Patents

行星齿轮机构传动齿轮箱及同类传动装置的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN103363066A
CN103363066A CN2013100823610A CN201310082361A CN103363066A CN 103363066 A CN103363066 A CN 103363066A CN 2013100823610 A CN2013100823610 A CN 2013100823610A CN 201310082361 A CN201310082361 A CN 201310082361A CN 103363066 A CN103363066 A CN 103363066A
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gear
box
bearing flange
laser
casing
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M·基宁格
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IMS Gear SE and Co KGaA
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IMS Gear SE and Co KGaA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/28—Seam welding of curved planar seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
    • B23K33/006—Filling of continuous seams for cylindrical workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
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    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/23—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations
    • B29C66/232—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations said joint lines being multiple and parallel, i.e. the joint being formed by several parallel joint lines
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    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/322—Providing cavities in the joined article to collect the burr
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/543—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining more than two hollow-preforms to form said hollow articles
    • B29C66/5432—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining more than two hollow-preforms to form said hollow articles joining hollow covers and hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/65—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
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    • B62D65/02—Joining sub-units or components to, or positioning sub-units or components with respect to, body shell or other sub-units or components
    • B62D65/10—Joining sub-units or components to, or positioning sub-units or components with respect to, body shell or other sub-units or components the sub-units or components being engines, clutches or transmissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种行星齿轮机构（10）的传动齿轮箱（1），其包括用来固定组成行星齿轮机构（10）的啮合部（8,9,11,12,13)和一个包括内齿的空心筒状的齿轮箱体（2），齿轮箱体分别在端面可与一轴承凸缘（4,5）连接，根据本发明所述，设计了分别在端面和轴向重合的齿轮箱体（2)和至少一个轴承凸缘（4,5），以构成重合区域（A，B）。在重合区域（A，B），齿轮箱体（2）和至少一个轴承凸缘（4,5）采用过盈配合（6）构成，此外，至少在重合区域（A，B），作为齿轮箱体（2）和至少一个轴承凸缘（4,5）的用料，提供了一种激光透射和激光不透射的材料，这样在传动齿轮箱(1)的内腔中通过重合区域（A，B）中发射的激光束采用激光透射焊接法把齿轮箱体和至少一个轴承凸缘（4,5）焊接起来。此外，本发明涉及一种传动齿轮箱和具有这种齿轮箱的行星齿轮机构的制造方法。

Description

行星齿轮机构传动齿轮箱及同类传动装置的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种行星齿轮的传动齿轮箱以及本发明所述传动齿轮箱的制造方法和具有本发明所述的传动齿轮箱的行星齿轮机构。
背景技术
我们已知行星齿轮机构的功能作用。在中间设有一太阳齿轮，通过一电动机驱动，并通过电动机的凸缘或驱动器凸缘与行星轮相结合。太阳轮将其运动传递到至少为2周或3周的行星轮上,所述行星轮形成一个变速级，且设在行星架的轴承盖螺栓上。当有多个变速级时，最近的行星架与在从动轮凸缘中支承的从动轴进行固定连接，并提供从动轮的传输输出。设在具有内齿的和所谓的空心轮的齿轮箱中的行星轮在外部运转。
我们已知德国专利DE 20 2007 003 419 Ul所介绍的这种行星齿轮装置，其中太阳轮、行星轮和空心轮是由塑料制成。空心轮由一个做成筒体的电机凸缘在端面盖住，而在从动侧，空心轮放置在一个形成支架的从动轮凸缘上。
行星齿轮机构用的空心轮和从动轮或者驱动凸缘的传统连接方式是采用螺栓连接，尤其是当使用这样的连接的部件多是用金属材料做成的更是如此。
德国专利DE 2 261 388 A描述了一种将塑料件与管形塑料体焊接的激光焊接法，该方法是在形成压紧位的情况下在末端将塑料件嵌入塑料体，从而使端部和管状体之间形成一种环状的接触区，该接触区从外部通过激光束射入，使二部件彼此焊接在一起。同时利用激光照射，在激光束和带端部的管状塑料体之间产生一种相对转动的运动，从而可形成一周边焊缝。
这种激光束焊接法已出现替代已知现有技术的如用螺栓或粘接剂的其它连接方法。在激光透射焊接时，激光光线可穿透对激光光线透明的部件，并在另一部件的表面吸收，从而使部件的表面局部熔化。在焊接过程中这二个工件是彼此压紧的，由于其表面的接触可使对激光光线产生透明的工件局部熔化，在冷却后两工件间的接触面区域会形成激光焊缝。
对此，DVS（德国焊接学会规程）2242第7.2.1条指出，用激光透射焊接以实现高负荷形成的结合体，在无需熔化方式工艺下的坡口面非常均匀，而且几乎无间隙。根据该规程，这可以用夹紧装置或快速连接器压紧来实现。此外，该规程还指出，在有圆形坡口断面的情形下，在实践中过盈配合证明是可行的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种上述类型的行星齿轮传动齿轮箱，该齿轮箱采用相应的啮合部，至少设有一个带有行星轮的行星架和至少一个太阳轮而构成全塑料行星轮机构。本发明的另一目的是描述这种齿轮箱的制造方法。
本权利要求1所述特征的行星轮传动齿轮箱实现了该目的。
这种行星轮传动齿轮箱设有构成行星轮的啮合部和具有内齿的空心筒状齿轮箱体，其端面可分别与轴承凸缘结合，其特征在于，齿轮箱体和至少一个轴承凸缘分别在端面轴向重合以构成重合区域，在重合区域齿轮箱体和至少一个轴承凸缘采用配合连接，尤其是采用过盈配合，而且至少在重合区域，作为齿轮箱体和至少一个轴承凸缘的用料，提供了一种激光透射的和激光不透射的材料，这样可通过在重合区域中的对准传动齿轮箱内腔的激光束采用激光透射焊接法将齿轮箱体和至少一个轴承凸缘互相焊接一起。
采用本发明所述传动齿轮箱，对行星轮而言可实现其重量轻、结构紧凑的目的，确切的说，不用螺栓连接，因而减少了使用部件的数量。此外，对比螺栓连接降低了安装投入成本。
本发明所述结构的优点是：齿轮箱体在其端面具有一轴向凸缘，所述轴向凸缘包围至少一个轴承凸缘的边缘区，以形成重合区域。因此，可简化安装过程，因为只需要将至少一个轴承凸缘在端面嵌入到齿轮箱体上。此外，该轴向凸缘结构具有壁厚，其仅会吸收入射激光束微小的光量。
优选地，至少一个轴承凸缘的重合区域设计成由齿轮箱体的轴向凸缘同心包围的筒体。优选地，筒体与径向的凸肩面为界，齿轮箱体的轴向凸缘及其端面紧靠凸肩面，这样便于确定轴承凸缘的位置，避免发生安装错误。
在本发明的一优选实施例中，为焊接齿轮箱体和过盈配合区域内的轴承凸缘设有至少一条环形焊缝。这样确保了传动齿轮箱良好的密封性。针对行星轮的使用寿命为确保传动齿轮箱的良好密封性，本发明进一步至少按与过盈配合区域内的环形焊缝的轴向间距设有一条另外的环形焊缝。
在本发明的另一实施例中，采用了热塑性塑料作为激光透射的和激光不透射材料。其中，优选地使用一种激光透射材料，其波长或该波长范围是激光透射的，而作为激光透不射材料采用了一种适用该波长或该波长范围激光不透射材料。
本权利要求11所述发明特征的行星齿轮机构的传动齿轮箱可实现第二个目的。
本发明所述制造方法，其特征在于，在用激光透射焊接带有至少一个轴承凸缘的齿轮箱体时，把重合区域内径向对准传动齿轮箱外表面的激光束整个径向的指向传动齿轮箱周围。
其优点是，如果在激光束和传动齿轮箱之间产生一种相对的转动，使传动齿轮箱完成至少一次完整的转动，也就是说，激光位置不变。
采用本发明所述传动齿轮箱组成的行星齿轮机构包括至少一个行星架和至少一个齿轮箱的内齿中环绕一周的行星轮，其中，行星架在从动侧与在从动侧的轴承凸缘中支承的从动轴形成有效连接，以及一个与至少一个行星轮啮合的太阳轮，其与在传动侧的轴承凸缘中支承的传动轴形成有效连接。
通过本发明所述的传动齿轮箱可做成全塑料行星轮，除了设有内齿和轴承凸缘的齿轮箱外，连同行星轮架的行星轮和太阳轮是用塑料制成。因此，除了行星齿轮在运行中可降低噪声外，还可以使其重量减轻，特别是在汽车行业使用有明显的优点。
附图说明
本发明依据实施实例和所附的图例在以下作进一步的说明，其中：
图1为本发明实施实例所述带有内齿和传动侧以及从动侧的轴承凸缘的行星齿轮的传动齿轮箱的立体剖视图；
图2为根据图1带有啮合部的传动齿轮箱的剖面图；
图3为图1和图2中的细节放大图；
图4为根据图3带有焊缝的细节图。
具体实施方式
根据图1本发明所述,行星轮传动齿轮箱1由一种管状或空心筒状的齿轮箱体2组成，该齿轮箱在中心区域设有做成齿环的内齿3以及由齿轮箱体2上的分别在前端嵌入的轴承凸缘4和5组成，该轴承凸缘结构为从动侧轴承凸缘4和传动侧轴承凸缘5。
根据图1的传动齿轮箱1组成的行星轮如图2所示，设置了相应的啮合部，如带有行星轮和太阳轮的行星轮架以及该传动齿轮箱的传动和从动轴。
根据图1、3和4，首先示出了传动齿轮箱1，尤其是采用激光透射焊接法将二个轴承凸缘4和5与齿轮箱体2结合一起。
在齿轮箱体2的二个端面分别设有一个轴向的凸缘2a和2b，其分别与齿轮环3的端面凸肩面3a和3b为界。为了将二个轴承凸缘4和5在端面能嵌到齿轮箱体2上，这二个轴承凸缘4和5各具有一个筒体4a和5a,其外径是与环形轴向的凸缘2a和2b的内经相配合的。轴承凸缘4和/或5的筒体4a和/或5b的外圆面终止于凸肩面4b和/或5b,从而在嵌入轴承凸缘4和/或5后，使轴向凸缘2a和/或2b的端面紧靠在凸肩面4b和/或5b上，这样一来，一方面在设有轴承凸缘4以及另一方面设有轴承凸缘5的齿轮箱体2之间便形成轴向重合区域A和/或B。在此，轴向凸缘2a或2b同心地包围着轴承凸缘4和/或5的筒体4a和/或5a。
在图3中，取自图1的细节放大图显示出具有一轴向长度为1x的轴承凸缘4的筒体4a,该长度实质上相当于齿轮箱体2和轴承凸缘4,这里是从动侧轴承凸缘之间的重合区域A的轴向长度。
图3所示的重合区域A中利用长为L2的过盈配合6构成齿轮箱体2和轴承凸缘4的结构，该长度实质上处在重合区A的长度L1的中央位置。这就是说，在考虑了这二个尺寸的各个公差范围的情况下在过盈配合6的区域，筒体4a的外直径大于在轴向凸缘2a区域中的内直径。
根据图3所示，齿轮箱体2的轴向凸缘2b和传动侧的轴承凸缘5是通过过盈配合6组成。在此处，在由轴承凸缘5的筒体5a和齿轮箱体2的轴向凸缘2b组成重合区域B的中心区域中为过盈配合结构，也就是说，在考虑了这二个尺寸的各个公差范围的情况下，筒体5a的外直径大于轴向凸缘2b的内直径。
通过将轴承凸缘4嵌入或压入到齿轮箱体2中，使过盈配合6的区域的接触面压紧，因此基本不产生间隙。
然后，可通过其激光束径向的由外对着过盈配合6区域的激光，根据透射焊接原理，在轴向凸缘2a或2b的内壁与轴承凸缘4或5的筒体4a或5a的外壁之间生成一环形焊缝，如从动侧的轴承凸缘4在图4中所示。
为进行激光透射焊接，齿轮箱体2包括一种由激光器20发出的激光束透射的塑料件，这种塑料材料具有很小的吸收常数。这二个轴承凸缘4和5是由一种对激光束激光不透射的或仅很少激光透射的塑料制成，即这种塑料材料具有很高的吸收常数。
因此，激光器20的激光束首先主要穿透轴向凸缘2a和/或2b，然后发射到轴承凸缘4和5的筒体4a和/或5a,在这里吸收激光束，然后转换成热。随着激光束的能量射入增强，在过盈配合区域，更确切的说，在能量吸收量区域，筒体4a和/或5a的材料开始熔化，然后因热传导也会导致在该区域的轴向凸缘2a或2b熔化，使得因熔化混合，在熔化固化冷却之后，产生一种耐久的材料熔合的结合体，如图4所示的焊缝7。
此外，如图4所示的环形焊缝7由传动齿轮箱1和/或已完成装配且轴向旋转的行星齿轮机构10形成，从而使激光器20的激光束径向的射向基于至少旋转一整圈的齿轮箱体1的外表面。进一步，可以同样的方式产生一条另外的轴向错开的焊缝7a(对比图4），其中，也可以借助于一台将激光器的光束分为二个光束的光束分配器同时产生二条焊缝7和7a，因此，在这里齿轮传动箱1或者该完成装配的行星齿轮机构10呈轴向的全程旋转。
为产生焊缝7和/或者二条焊缝7和7a,也可能需要多于整个一圈的转动。
在将二个轴承凸缘4和5与齿轮箱体2作材料熔合连接之前，必须首先将行星齿轮机构所需要的啮合部装入传动齿轮箱1内。
图2示出了本发明所述装配了行星齿轮机构10的传动齿轮箱1。该行星齿轮机构10分为二级传动，配有第一行星轮（无图示）支承的行星架8和第二行星轮（无图示）支承的行星架9。第一行星架的行星轮同另外的空心轮11啮合，而第二行星架9的行星轮与齿轮箱体2的内齿啮合。
装在一根由传动侧的轴承凸缘5支承的传动轴（无图示）上的太阳轮12可驱动第一行星架8的行星轮。而一从动侧与第一行星架8连接的太阳轮13与从动侧构成一从动轴14的第二行星架9的行星轮发生啮合。
根据图2所示的行星齿轮机构10可做成全塑材料，不仅传动齿轮箱1由塑料制成，而且所属的啮合部，比如行星架8,9和相关的行星轮和太阳轮12和13也是如此。
主要组件名称说明：
1   齿轮箱
2   齿轮箱1的齿轮箱体
2a  齿轮箱体2的轴向凸缘
2b  齿轮箱体2的轴向凸缘
3   内齿
3a  内齿的凸肩面3
3a  内齿的凸肩面3
4   轴承凸缘,从动轮凸缘
4a  轴承凸缘4的筒体
4b  筒体4a的凸肩面
5   轴承凸缘,传动轮凸缘
5a  轴承凸缘5的筒体
5b  筒体4a的凸肩面
6   过盈配合
7   焊缝
7a  焊缝
8   行星架
9   行星架
10  行星齿轮机构
11  空心轮
12  太阳轮
13  太阳轮
14  从动轴
A   重合区域
B   重合区域
11  重合区域长度A,B
12  过盈配合长度

Claims (12)

1.一种行星齿轮机构（10）的齿轮箱(1)，用于容置形成所述行星齿轮机构（10）的啮合部(8,9,11,12,13)，具有一包括内齿（3）的空心筒状的箱体（2），其中所述箱体（2）在两端面分别与一轴承凸缘（4,5）连接，其特征在于： 
所述箱体（2）及至少一个轴承凸缘（4,5）设计成在端面轴向重合以构成一重合区域（A，B）； 
在重合区域（A，B），所述箱体（2）和至少一个轴承凸缘（4,5）通过压紧连接（6）； 
并且至少在重合区域（A，B），一种激光透射和一种激光不透射的材料作为用料提供给所述箱体（2）和至少一个轴承凸缘（4,5），这样在重合区域（A，B）中通过向齿轮箱(1)的内腔中发射的激光束采用激光透射焊接法把所述箱体（2）和至少一个轴承凸缘（4,5）焊接起来。 
2.根据权利要求1所述的齿轮箱(1)，其特征在于，所述箱体（2）具有轴向凸缘（2a,2b)，所述轴向凸缘（2a,2b)在所述箱体（2）的端面同轴包围轴承凸缘（4,5）的边缘区，以构成重合区域（A，B）。 
3.根据权利要求2所述的齿轮箱(1)，其特征在于，至少一个轴承凸缘（4,5）的重合区域（A，B）设计成筒体(4a,5a）结构，该筒体的中心被箱体（2）的轴向凸缘（2a,2b)所包围。 
4.根据权利要求3所述的齿轮箱(1)，其特征在于，筒体(4a,5a）与径向的凸肩面（4b,5b)为界，其中箱体（2）的轴向凸缘（2a,2b)的端面紧靠所述凸肩面。 
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的齿轮箱(1)，其特征在于，提供有至少一条环形焊缝（7）以在过盈配合（6）区域焊接箱体（2）和至少一个轴承凸缘（4,5）。 
6.根据权利要求5所述的齿轮箱(1)，其特征在于，在过盈配合（6）区域，在与环形焊缝（7）相距一轴向距离的位置设有至少一条另外的环形焊缝（7a)。 
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的齿轮箱(1)，其特征在于，采用热塑性塑料作为激光透射和激光不透射用材料。 
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的齿轮箱(1)，其特征在于，采用一种激光透射材料，其波长或波长范围可使激光透射，而采用的激光不透射材料，其波长或波长范围不能使激光透射。 
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的齿轮箱(1)，其特征在于，轴承凸缘设计成从动侧以及传动侧轴承凸缘（4,5）。 
10.一种根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的齿轮箱(1)的制造方法,其特征在于，对于齿轮箱体(2)与至少一轴承凸缘(4,5)的激光透射焊接，一激光束完全围绕齿轮箱(1)的周边在重合区域(A,B)投射到箱体（2）的外表面上。 
11.根据权利要求11的所述制造方法,其特征在于，为使激光束径向的射入，齿轮箱（1）需 至少执行一次整体转动。 
12.一种具有根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的齿轮箱(1)的行星齿轮机构(10)，其包括至少一个行星架（8，9）以及至少一个在箱体（2）的内齿（3）中绕行的行星轮，其中行星架(8,9)在从动侧与一个在从动侧的轴承凸缘（4）支承的从动轴（14）形成有效连接，并且一个与至少一个行星轮啮合的太阳轮，其与在传动侧的轴承凸缘（5）中支承的传动轴形成有效连接。
13.根据权利要求12所述的行星齿轮机构（10），其特征在于，行星轮连同至少一个行星架（8，9）制成至少一个塑料的太阳轮（12,13）。 
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RU2013110849A (ru) 2014-09-20
ES2541766T3 (es) 2015-07-24
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EP2644309B1 (de) 2015-04-29
KR20130110026A (ko) 2013-10-08

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