CN102696823A - Method for producing chrysanthemum tea - Google Patents
Method for producing chrysanthemum tea Download PDFInfo
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- CN102696823A CN102696823A CN2012101743479A CN201210174347A CN102696823A CN 102696823 A CN102696823 A CN 102696823A CN 2012101743479 A CN2012101743479 A CN 2012101743479A CN 201210174347 A CN201210174347 A CN 201210174347A CN 102696823 A CN102696823 A CN 102696823A
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Abstract
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for producing chrysanthemum tea. The method comprises a planting method, a picking method and a processing method. The method has the advantages of overcoming the defects of high cost, low quality, low yield and poor conditions and further realizing the all-around '4GMP-10 Production Standard' of chrysanthemum tea, namely ecological standard, planting standard, picking standard and processing standard, therefore, the aims of producing chrysanthemum strictly in accordance with pharmaceutical standards, implementing the quality management in the whole production process, taking scientific quantitative planting means and implementing all-around scientific management are really fulfilled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production method of chrysanthemum for tea use.
Background technology
Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema morifolium) is perennial catananche, and except wild chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum is cultivated through long-term artificial selection, and kind has reached thousands of kinds at present.
Chrysanthemum has the branch of mother chrysanthemum and tame chrysanthemum, and wherein tame chrysanthemum clears liver and improve vision, and mother chrysanthemum is dispelled malicious diffusing fiery, and sweetness and bitterness is slightly cold, and is clearing heat and detoxicating, and eyes strain, headache, hypertension etc. are all had certain effectiveness.Drug effect to chrysanthemum in the Compendium of Material Medica also has detailed record: property is sweet, be slightly cold, and has the effect that diffusing wind-heat, flat liver make eye bright.Shennong's Herbal thinks, feverfew jasmine tea can " main all public attention be dizzy, swell and ache, order is desired to take off, the dead flesh of skin, dislike rheumatism numbness, obey sharp gas for a long time, and making light of one's life by commiting suicide endures hardships prolongs life.”
The active ingredient of chrysanthemum for tea use (Ligularia) mainly comprises flavone compound, volatile oil component, chlorogenic acid, amino acid, trace element etc.In recent years, the research worker has done deep research to its pharmacological action and clinical practice, and the main pharmacological of each active ingredient has in short: anticancer antitumor action; Antioxidation, inhibitory anti-virus effect, resisting cardiovascular disease; Anticoagulation, anti-aging effects, the effect of increased excretions of cholesterol metabolism; Antiinflammatory action drives lead, antiasthmatic effect etc.Be mainly used in treatment antimigraine, dizzy, eye illness, acute/chronic pharyngitis, ulcerative colitis etc. clinically.
Modern medicine is also studied confirmation; Chrysanthemum for tea use has hypotensive, elimination cancer cell, coronary artery dilator and antibacterial effect; Long-term drinking can increase human body calcareous, regulate myocardial function, reduce cholesterol, drink when being fit to the elderly with the prevention epidemic conjunctivities.To the eyes hot-tempered, that excess eye-using causes are dry and astringent curative effect preferably arranged also.
In history, the good fortune feverfew in river, Feitian, Macheng, Dabie Mountain, Hubei, the place of production, the Mount Huang tribute chrysanthemum of the FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China of Tongxiang, Zhejiang and underfooting, Mount Huang (Huizhou City tribute chrysanthemum) is more famous.Originate in the Bo chrysanthemum of Bozhou, Anhui, the Chu chrysanthemum of Chuzhou, the river chrysanthemum of Sichuan Zhong Jiang, the moral chrysanthemum in Deqing, Zhejiang, the bosom chrysanthemum of Jiyuan, Henan, very high drug effect is all arranged.Traditional like Mount Huang tribute chrysanthemum, it is grown among the high mountain cloud and mist, adopts the anima in Mount Huang, draws the elite of South Mountain, Anhui water, has very high consumption value.
In recent years, good fortune feverfew (C.morifolium cv.Fubaiju) reputation in river, Feitian, Macheng, Dabie Mountain, Hubei is striking, has progressively broken the general layout that FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China rules all the land.Because comprehensive raising of the plantation of good fortune feverfew, processing, management level, its each item technical indicator all are superior to name chrysanthemums such as FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China, the good fortune feverfew has obtained the extensive approval in market rapidly, maintains the leading position in the chrysanthemum for tea use market of main big and medium-sized cities, the whole nation.
Macheng good fortune feverfew is the composite family herbaceos perennial; Be that to originate in river, Feitian town be the feverfew of Macheng City, Hubei Province Mountainous Area of North at center, because be the main producing region, so be called Macheng good fortune feverfew with river town, Feitian, Macheng City; Be called for short the good fortune feverfew, claim Hubei chrysanthemum, camomile again.Macheng good fortune feverfew cultivar has feverfew and golden aster two big series, and wherein the feverfew kind has the big feverfew of red heart, feverfew etc., referring to " Macheng City's good fortune feverfew production and processing investigation and analysis ", hubei agricultural science, the 50th the 5th phase of volume, 2011-3.
The chrysanthemum for tea use nature and flavor that prepare with the good fortune feverfew are slightly cold, little sweet, contain more volatile oil, glycosides displayed, adenosine, Coumarins and alkaloid, and contain trace elements such as abundant iron, zinc, calcium.Long-term drinking, have that heat-clearing is quenched one's thirst, beneficial liver tonifying yin, the detoxifcation that makes eye bright, wet one's whistle promote the production of body fluid, blood fat-reducing blood pressure-decreasing, fat-reducing and beauty, anti-effect of prolonging life always.
Present chrysanthemum for tea use production method is science not, causes cost higher, and second-rate, output is lower, the not good mutually deficiency that waits of article.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, a kind of production method of chrysanthemum for tea use is provided, comprise kind of a method for planting, harvesting method and processing method.
Production method through the described chrysanthemum for tea use of embodiment of the present invention; Comprise kind of a method for planting, harvesting method and processing method, it is higher to overcome cost, second-rate; Output is lower; The shortcoming that article are not good mutually further realizes chrysanthemum for tea use omnibearing " 4GMP-10 production standard ", i.e. ecological criteria, plantation standard, standard of plucking and processing criterion.Produce chrysanthemum, implement the management of the overall process quality of production by pharmaceutical standards thereby reach strict, carry out the quantification plantation means of science, the purpose of the omnibearing scientific management of enforcement.
Particularly, the production method of chrysanthemum for tea use of the present invention, it carries out under ecological, environmental protective, benign climate condition:
1. longitude and latitude: 114 ° 45 '-114 ° 20 ' of east longitudes, 31 ° 20 '-31 ° 40 ' of north latitude,
2. height above sea level: the area that faces south, the southern foot, watershed, Huaihe River, the Changjiang river, Dabie Mountain of height above sea level 200m～800m,
3. temperature: 13 ℃～16 ℃ of year-round average temperatures; Extreme the lowest temperature-6--16 ℃, extreme highest temperature 38-41 ℃,
4. sunshine: year sunshine time 2249.7 hours, frost-free period＞240 day,
5. annual >=5100 ℃ of 10 ℃ average accumulated temperature; Solar radiation quantity is 96.0-112.5 kilocalorie/square centimeter,
6. rainfall: annual precipitation 1112.2-1688.7 millimeter,
7. fertile soil: the content of organic matter is 1.5%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 82ppm, organophosphor 11.9ppm, effective potassium 165ppm,
8. soil layer is deep, and soil moisture conservation property is good, soil pH value 6.0-7.5,
9. afforestation rate is up to 80%,
10. iirigation water source: location, water headwater is lifted in Dabie Mountain, and water quality is good, does not have any industrial pollution.
Further, the production method of chrysanthemum for tea use of the present invention comprises chrysanthemum for tea use kind method for planting, harvesting method and processing method.
The production method of chrysanthemum for tea use of the present invention, wherein said kind of method for planting comprises the steps:
(1) choosing ground: selecting height above sea level is 200-800 rice, and soil pH value is 6.0-7.5, and year-round average temperature is at 13-16 ℃, the area that faces south, the sufficient southern foot, mountain region of illumination, and precipitation is the 1100-1700 millimeter, soil layer is deep, fertile soil;
(2) kind is selected: the chrysanthemum that the local long-term planting in Macheng selects;
(3) maternal plant is selected: healthy and strong, the plant mark sweet, no disease and pest of spending, distinguish the flavor of of choosing in florescence;
(4) cuttage and seedling culture: lunar calendar the Ching Ming Festival of March after (being early April), the seedbed moisture-keeping, fertilizer-keeping.Select the new talent of 6-8 centimetre of sturdy, no disease and pest, by the seeding row spacing cuttage of 20 centimetres of 6 centimetres of X, when cuttage height of seedling 20cm is the portable land for growing field crops;
(5) transplant the land for growing field crops: 10 days (early and middle ten days in May) before and after the Beginning of summer, press 40 centimetres X60 centimetre of line-spacing, band soil mud seedling, field planting 1 strain in every hole is watered and is preserved moisture;
(6) tack of pinching: the branch of pinching carries out for three times, for the first time early June, for the second time mid-July, for the third time before by the end of August;
(7) ridging mulch: when shoot grew to 30 centimetres-35 centimetres, with the compacting of branch bottom, the ridging time was no more than by the end of July with earth;
(8) irrigate: the timely ditch cleaning draining of plum rain season, to irrigate drought resisting during the dry season, select for use pollution-free water source in time to irrigate in the pregnant flower bud of the chrysanthemum phase;
(9) fertilising: use the chrysanthemum special bio fertile, apply fertilizer, prevent disease and pest;
(10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: take management such as seedling, liquid manure, carry out the crop rotation plantation of little plot, aggregate measures prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as biological control;
(11) plot crop rotation: carry out little plot crop rotation plantation, preservation of fertility, prevent disease and pest.
The production method of chrysanthemum for tea use of the present invention, described harvesting method comprises the steps:
(1) plucking time is selected: the tire chrysanthemum is gathered and is lunar calendar nine Double Ninth Festivals of September to lunar calendar before the Frost's Descent, selects not have early morning that rainy day dew is little plucks when dried;
(2) plucking bud selects: pluck the tire flower that pistil does not expose at initial bloom stage, this moment, petal just stretched out bud, and light yellow little circumnutating when adopting chrysanthemum, divided and piece adopted, and avoids one and smoothes out with the fingers;
(3) the bud outward appearance is selected: one one complete handle, piece be longer than handle, handle be about piece 1/3;
(4) bud morphology selection: the flower type is complete, bud is full, size is even;
(5) the bud size is selected: a diameter is not more than 1 centimetre, and length is not more than 1.2 centimetres;
(6) bud quantity is selected: per 1 kilogram of bud approximately contains 60,000 buds;
(7) bud pollen is selected: the complete tire chrysanthemum powder that will keep in the bud, and A sweety scent assails the nostrils, the flavor glycol is beautiful;
(8) container containing is selected: the tire chrysanthemum of just having plucked, and select for use the container of plant preparation to preserve;
(9) store: the tire chrysanthemum preservation in the freezer below 10 ℃ after the harvesting, in order to avoid rotten.
For the present invention; Processing method in the chrysanthemum for tea use is even more important; And the processing method of chrysanthemum for tea use of the present invention compared with prior art; Have significant advantage, it brings tire chrysanthemum outward appearance after the processing " piece big plump, petal beautiful white, bud is deep yellow ", and the chrysanthemum tea that comes out with this chrysanthemum for tea use infusion has the characteristic of " soup is limpid, the gold band is green, give off a strong fragrance, distinguish the flavor of sweet pure and beautiful ".
The production method of chrysanthemum for tea use of the present invention, described processing method comprises the steps:
(1) process vessel is selected: direct contact surface, all adopt non-metallic materials such as enamel, thin bamboo strips used for weaving;
(2) fixation time is selected: completed with interior in 4 hours after plucking, in order to avoid rotten;
(3) complete: adopt steam beating, the temperature and time that completes is able to control, keeps the homogeneity of product variety height;
(4) pollen broken wall: adopt the microwave wall breaking technology, the chrysanthemum bud is carried out broken wall, increase pollen powder of chrysanthemun flower nutrition, keep sweet taste;
(5) pneumatic conveying drying: moment pneumatic conveying drying, reduce the nutriment loss;
(6) selection by winnowing dust removal: with the physics dedusting that purifies air, the soup after making pure positive tire chrysanthemum bubble out to come is limpider, bright;
(7) processing temperature is selected: the workshop temperature that adds man-hour remains on 18-24 ℃;
(8) processing humidity is selected: the humidity that adds the workshop in man-hour is deposited in 35-60%;
(9) ultraviolet-sterilization: take steam sterilizing and ultraviolet-sterilization technology, environmentally safe;
(10) cold storing and fresh-keeping: be deposited in preservation in the freezer below 10 ℃ after the tire chrysanthemum packing after the processing finishes.
The production method of chrysanthemum for tea use of the present invention, chrysanthemum is selected from the good fortune feverfew in the wherein said kind of method for planting, is preferably selected from big feverfew of red heart or red heart feverfew, more preferably the red heart feverfew.
The production method of chrysanthemum for tea use of the present invention, pollution-free water source is selected from and selects free of contamination river for use in the wherein said kind of method for planting, preferably selects the water river source of lifting for use.Lift the water river and originate from the southern foot, Dabie Mountain; Its source industry is rare, and river is pollution-free, keeps limpid throughout the year; Select for use act water river source to irrigate in the pregnant flower bud of the chrysanthemum phase; Can guarantee good fortune feverfew bud smooth growth, and make tire chrysanthemum green non-pollution, the fine quality of the chrysanthemum for tea use for preparing after guaranteeing to pluck.
The chrysanthemum special bio fertilizer that uses in the production method of chrysanthemum for tea use of the present invention, wherein said kind of method for planting is selected from bio-fertilizers such as the organic farm manure of high-quality, or is selected from the honeysuckle residue, preferred honeysuckle residue.Above-mentioned have high-quality machine farm manure to be selected from agricultural crop straw, feces of livestock and poultry, and the honeysuckle residue can be used for prevention and elimination of disease and pests (referring to applicant's patent in first to file 201110370796.6), has the similar effect of chemical insecticide.
The production method of chrysanthemum for tea use of the present invention, wherein fertilization principle is a heavy dressing base manure, gently executes seed manure, imposes branch fertilizer, the heavy dressing flower bud is fertile.Base manure: before the plantation, every mu with the organic farm manure 1200～1600kg of high-quality, and row replacement applies or ditch when turning over wholely; The seed manure of living: after plantation was lived, every mu with the organic farm manure 60～100kg of high-quality, converted water and watered and execute, and impelled tiller; Press strip is fertile: before the press strip, execute every mu of 1000kg of the organic farm manure of high-quality, urea 10～15kg in shop, the capable both sides of chrysanthemum seedling, and with covering, the press strip then of loosening the soil; Branch is fertile: 8-9 month is applying after each pinching, and each mu is with the organic farm manure 120～150kg of high-quality, water is watered execute or sealing fertilizer 10kg; Flower bud is fertile: also claim to hang flower bud fertilizer, 9-10 month early and middle ten days is chrysanthemum squaring period, and at this moment chrysanthemum changes to reproductive growth from nourishing and growing; Fertilizer requirement is big, can execute urea or import composite fertilizer 15～20kg by mu, impels bud to increase; Improve the regularity of blooming, also the visible growth situation refertilizes 1～2 time.
The production method of chrysanthemum for tea use of the present invention, the container of plant preparation is selected from bamboo basket or willow rattan basket in the wherein said harvesting method, preferred bamboo basket.It has unique leaf of bamboo fragrance, more the bud of easy storing harvesting.
The production method of chrysanthemum for tea use of the present invention, the fixation time in the wherein said processing method was preferably in 4 hours.Fixation time can reduce the rotten and loss of aroma of tire chrysanthemum effectively within 4 hours, farthest keep the exclusive fragrance of tire chrysanthemum, color and luster and outward appearance.
The chrysanthemum for tea use for preparing through production method according to the invention.
The beneficial effect that the application brings: the chrysanthemum for tea use finished product that obtains produced according to the invention is not only green, environmental protection, and excellent taste, has excellent health functions and economic benefit.
The present invention can produce the high-quality chrysanthemum for tea use, improves chrysanthemum for tea use output, solves the chrysanthemum for tea use situation that supply falls short of demand on the market, helps promoting the chrysanthemum for tea use plantation, increases national income.
The specific embodiment
Be easy to understand and understand in order to make technological means of the present invention, creation characteristic, workflow, method for using reach purpose and effect,, further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The chrysanthemum planting site is selected:
The longitude and latitude that planting site is selected is 114 ° 45 '-114 ° 20 ' of east longitudes, the area plantation that faces south of the area that north latitude is 31 ° 20 '-31 ° 40 ', the southern foot, watershed, Huaihe River, the Changjiang river, Dabie Mountain that is chosen in height above sea level 200m～800m; This regional temperature annual is 13 ℃～16 ℃, extreme the lowest temperature-6--16 ℃, and extreme highest temperature 38-41 ℃; The suitable chrysanthemum plantation of temperature; Its year, sunshine time reached 2249.7 hours, and frost-free period＞240 it are annual >=5100 ℃ of 10 ℃ average accumulated temperature; Solar radiation quantity is 96.0-112.5 kilocalorie/square centimeter, and rainfall is an annual precipitation 1112.2-1688.7 millimeter, and rainfall is abundant; Fertile soil, wherein the content of organic matter be 1.5%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 82ppm, organophosphor 11.9ppm, effective potassium 165ppm, and soil layer is deep; Soil moisture conservation property is good, and the afforestation rate around the soil pH value 6.0-7.5, planting site is up to 80%; Pollution-free industry, air quality is good, in addition; Iirigation water source is that location, water headwater is lifted in Dabie Mountain, and water quality is good, does not have any industrial pollution.
The plantation of chrysanthemum
Kind is selected:
The good fortune feverfew that the local long-term planting in Macheng selects, the good fortune feverfew can be selected from big feverfew of red heart or red heart feverfew etc., preferred red heart feverfew.
Maternal plant is selected:
Healthy and strong, the plant mark sweet, no disease and pest of spending, distinguish the flavor of of choosing in florescence; Maternal plant is wanted strict screening; To underproof maternal plant, especially to firmly get rid of the impure chrysanthemum maternal plant of pattern, avoid variety deterioration, the variation of chrysanthemum kind, not high, the not first-class a series of problems of quality of purity.
Cuttage and seedling culture:
Early April, the Ching Ming Festival of being generally the lunar calendar after, with the seedbed moisture-keeping, fertilizer-keeping, select the new talent of 6-8 centimetre of sturdy, no disease and pest, by the seeding row spacing cuttage of 20 centimetres of 6 centimetres of X, when cuttage height of seedling 20cm is the portable land for growing field crops.In production reality, can suitably relax requirement to the new talent size according to cause specifics such as weather.
Transplant the land for growing field crops:
Before and after the Beginning of summer, press 40 centimetres X60 centimetre of line-spacing, band soil mud seedling, field planting 1 strain in every hole is watered and is preserved moisture.The weather cloudy day of note transplanting is advisable, and avoids the sun to be exposed to the sun, and selection of time is advisable morning, in production reality, can suitably relax to light rain weather or transplants the land for growing field crops at dusk according to cause specifics such as weather.
The tack of pinching:
The branch of pinching carries out for three times, for the first time early June, for the second time mid-July, for the third time before by the end of August.Pinching helps the balance of growing between chrysanthemum seedling branch and chrysanthemum branch, prevents lodging, in addition, can keep shoot highly roughly the same, makes the balanced growth of its underpart twig, florescence neat, carries out easily during harvesting.
The ridging mulch:
When shoot grew to 30 centimetres-35 centimetres, with the compacting of paper slip bottom, the ridging time was no more than by the end of July with earth.Ridging to the both sides branch, is pressed branch to be poured on ground during mulch, whenever at a distance from about 10cm, presses clod, and the assurance branch fully contacts with loosening the soil, and favourable chrysanthemum seedling is taken root and joint portion collateral generation successively.Treat that overgrowing branch length to about the 20cm, carries out the press strip second time.At this moment the direction of press strip is pressed to rare place by Mi Chu, and the growth of chrysanthemum seedling is tended to balance.
Irrigate: the timely ditch cleaning draining of plum rain season, to irrigate drought resisting during the dry season, select for use pollution-free water source in time to irrigate in the pregnant flower bud of the chrysanthemum phase.Pollution-free water source is free of contamination river, for example lifts water river source.Lift the water river and originate from the southern foot, Dabie Mountain, its source industry is rare, and river is pollution-free, keeps limpid throughout the year, is the iirigation water source of high-quality.
Fertilising:
Use the chrysanthemum special bio fertile, be used for fertilising, prevent disease and pest.Be selected from bio-fertilizers such as the organic farm manure of high-quality, or be selected from the honeysuckle residue, preferred honeysuckle residue.The organic farm manure of high-quality mainly contains pig, ox, sheep pen fertilizer, chicken and duck excrement etc., and join plant ash or the organic phosphatic fertiliser of executing appropriate amount.The honeysuckle residue is prepared by honeysuckle or its branches and leaves; As green organic fertilizer; It not only can be as fertilizer; Also play the effect of prevention and elimination of disease and pests, for example powdery mildew, brown spot, droop, rust, downy mildew, verticillium wilt, mosaic disease or virosis are had preventive and therapeutic effect, chrysanthemum insects such as chrysanthemum aphid, chrysanthemum tetranychid, red spider, chrysanthemum longicorn, cutworm, phytomyza atricornis or aleyrodid are also had suitable insecticidal action.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Take management such as seedling, liquid manure, carry out the crop rotation plantation of little plot, aggregate measures prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as biological control.The common disease of chrysanthemum has root rot, downy mildew, brown spot etc., and for example in rainy season, it is withered that chrysanthemum is prone to that the complete stool blade takes place, and pulls up at a glance, and root system goes rotten, and has a strong impact on the growth of chrysanthemum.It is main that the method for preventing and treating adopts control, when plantation and field management, takes suitable method, and the discovery diseased plant will in time be handled, and prevents spreading of disease and pest.As far as possible without the chemicals prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
The plot crop rotation:
Carry out little plot crop rotation plantation, preservation of fertility, prevent disease and pest.Can be in little plot during the crop rotation plantation, rest and reorganize in the plot of not planting chrysanthemum or plant suitable crop, preservation of fertility and moisture in the soil value.Through plot crop rotation plantation, can prevent disease and pest, for example can effectively prevent breeding and the development of insects such as chrysanthemum longicorn, cutworm.
Embodiment 2
The harvesting of chrysanthemum
Plucking time is selected:
The tire chrysanthemum is gathered and is lunar calendar nine Double Ninth Festivals of September to lunar calendar before the Frost's Descent, selects not have early morning that rainy day dew is little plucks when dried.In order to prevent to occur suddenly raining, corresponding drying plant can be set in storehouse in order to handling.
The harvesting bud is selected:
Pluck the tire flower that pistil does not expose at initial bloom stage, this moment, petal just stretched out bud, and light yellow little circumnutating when adopting chrysanthemum, divided and piece adopted, and avoids one and smoothes out with the fingers.The unanimity attractive in appearance that can keep the tire flower like this.
The bud outward appearance is selected:
One one complete handle piece is longer than handle, handle be about piece 1/3.
The bud morphology selection:
The flower type is complete, bud is full, size is even;
The bud size is selected:
Piece diameter is not more than 1 centimetre, and length is not more than 1.2 centimetres;
Bud quantity is selected:
Per 1 kilogram of bud approximately contains 60,000 buds;
Bud pollen is selected:
The complete tire chrysanthemum powder that will keep in the bud, A sweety scent assails the nostrils, the flavor glycol is beautiful;
Container containing is selected:
The tire chrysanthemum of just having plucked selects for use the container of plant preparation to preserve; The container of plant preparation is selected from bamboo basket or willow rattan basket, and such container can either well hold the tire chrysanthemum, also makes the tire chrysanthemum be difficult for drying out and fragrance.
Store:
Tire chrysanthemum preservation in the freezer below 10 ℃ after the harvesting according to the quantity of tire chrysanthemum, can be selected the freezer of different capabilities.
Embodiment 3
The processing of chrysanthemum for tea use
Process vessel is selected:
Direct contact surface all adopts non-metallic materials such as enamel, thin bamboo strips used for weaving;
Fixation time is selected:
Completed with interior in 1-6 hour after plucking, in order to avoid rotten;
Complete:
Adopt steam beating, the temperature and time that completes is able to control, keeps the homogeneity of product variety height;
Pollen broken wall:
Adopt the microwave wall breaking technology, the chrysanthemum bud is carried out broken wall, increase pollen powder of chrysanthemun flower nutrition, keep sweet taste; Concrete operations use micro-wave oven (Qingdao product) to carry out the microwave broken wall, and the chrysanthemum bud is carried out microwave irradiation, when chrysanthemum bud temperature reaches 100 ℃, continue irradiation 30-40 minute.Owing to adopt the microwave wall breaking technology, the chrysanthemum bud is carried out broken wall, make that the pollen preservation in the bud is complete, pass through activation processing again.Therefore, needn't in teacup, put rock sugar when drinking this tire chrysanthemum, drink the glycol U.S.A that equally distinguishes the flavor of.
Pneumatic conveying drying:
Moment pneumatic conveying drying, reduce the nutriment loss; Use pneumatic conveyer dryer (single-stage underbalance pulse formula drier, produce in Zhejiang), because pneumatic conveying drying is suitable for handling the tire chrysanthemum that particle diameter is little, dry run is mainly controlled by the surface gasification.For the tire chrysanthemum, no matter initial water content how, uses pneumatic conveyer dryer generally can both water content be reduced to 0.3%～0.5%.
The selection by winnowing dust removal:
With the physics dedusting that purifies air; Cyclone dust collectors are mostly with removing the above particle of 0.3 μ m, and the multicyclone device of parallel connection also has 80～85% efficiency of dust collection to the particle of 3 μ m.Select the specialty metal of high temperature resistant, erosion resistant and dress ornament or the cyclone dust collectors of ceramic material structure for use, can be in temperature up to 1000 ℃, pressure reaches under the condition of 500 * 105Pa to be operated, and makes the tire chrysanthemum pure relatively.
Processing temperature is selected:
The workshop temperature that adds man-hour remains on 18-24 ℃;
Processing humidity is selected:
The humidity that adds the workshop in man-hour is deposited in 35-60%;
Ultraviolet-sterilization:
Take steam sterilizing and ultraviolet-sterilization technology;
Cold storing and fresh-keeping:
After finishing, tire chrysanthemum packing after the processing is deposited in preservation in the freezer below 10 ℃.
Embodiment 4: effect after the processing of tire chrysanthemum
The good fortune feverfew is called as " Hubei flower " at home as Hubei characteristic agricultural product on the Chinese medicine of market.Macheng good fortune feverfew (Chrysanthemum machengfubaiju) is claimed Feitian feverfew, Hubei chrysanthemum, camomile again, is that to originate in river, Feitian town be the feverfew of Macheng City, Hubei Province Mountainous Area of North at center.
Carry out good fortune feverfew plantation through " 4GMP-10 production standard " of the present invention, pluck and processing, obtain tire chrysanthemum 5000g, choose arbitrarily wherein 100 grams, its outward appearance " piece big plump, petal beautiful white, bud is deep yellow ".Get tire chrysanthemum 10 gram again, the boiled infusion of pure water, the chrysanthemum tea that comes out with this chrysanthemum for tea use infusion has the characteristic of " soup is limpid, the gold band is green, give off a strong fragrance, distinguish the flavor of sweet pure and beautiful ".The most important thing is to control more easily through the chrysanthemum quality that " 4GMP-10 production standard " produces, the quality that each peasant household produces before being different from does not guarantee that quality is also higher.
Identification through scientific research experts such as Hubei College Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hua Zhong Agriculture University, Hubei Province Science and Technology Department, Wuhan City's medicine inspection offices; Macheng good fortune feverfew originate in sample appraise and decide for: picking up from river, Feitian town is the capitulum of the feverfew chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) that grows in Macheng, the Hubei Province Mountainous Area of North scope at center; Process in the locality by traditional handicraft or modern crafts; The chrysanthemum for tea use that obtains through aforementioned production method of the present invention have " piece big plump, petal beautiful white, pistil is deep yellow; soup is limpid, golden yellow to be with greenly, and gas fragrant glycol is beautiful " etc. qualitative characteristics, be the both for medicine and food Chinese medicine.
When drinking the chrysanthemum for tea use that obtains through aforementioned production method of the present invention, can select according to different demands.The pleasant camomile of delicate fragrance is fit to make tea and drinks, and goes up choosing especially from the feverfew that green Dabie Mountain one band produces.During bubble drink chrysanthemum tea, the most handy transparent glass is put four to six at every turn, brews with boiling water to get final product in 2-3 minute again.When treating that water is warm very likely, can see that tea leads to little yellow gradually.When drinking, once do not finish off at every turn, stay 1/3rd glasss tea, add new tea, then drink a moment again on the bubble.If the people who drinks is many, can select transparent teapot for use.
Through aforementioned production method of the present invention, can reach chrysanthemum tea article omnibearing " 4GMP-10 production standard ", i.e. ecological criteria, plantation standard, standard of plucking and processing criterion.The core of this standard is exactly to want strict to produce chrysanthemum, implement the management of the overall process quality of production by pharmaceutical standards.The quantification plantation means of the science of carrying out, implement omnibearing scientific management.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; The present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; That describes in the foregoing description and the specification just explains principle of the present invention; Under the prerequisite that does not break away from spirit and scope of the invention, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these variations and improvement all fall in the scope of the invention that requires protection.The present invention requires protection domain to be defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. the production method of a chrysanthemum for tea use is characterized in that said production method comprises kind of a method for planting, harvesting method and processing method.
2. the production method of a kind of chrysanthemum for tea use as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described kind of method for planting comprises the steps:
(1) choosing ground: selecting height above sea level is 200-800 rice, and soil pH value is 6.0-7.5, and year-round average temperature is at 13-16 ℃, the area that faces south, the sufficient southern foot, mountain region of illumination, and precipitation is the 1100-1700 millimeter, soil layer is deep, fertile soil;
(2) kind is selected: the chrysanthemum that the local long-term planting in Macheng selects;
(3) maternal plant is selected: healthy and strong, the plant mark sweet, no disease and pest of spending, distinguish the flavor of of choosing in florescence;
(4) cuttage and seedling culture: lunar calendar the Ching Ming Festival of March after, the seedbed moisture-keeping, fertilizer-keeping selects the new talent of 6-8 centimetre of sturdy, no disease and pest, by the seeding row spacing cuttage of 20 centimetres of 6 centimetres of X, when cuttage height of seedling 20cm is the portable land for growing field crops;
(5) transplant the land for growing field crops: the Beginning of summer, front and back were 10 days, pressed 40 centimetres X60 centimetre of line-spacing, band soil mud seedling, and field planting 1 strain in every hole is watered and is preserved moisture;
(6) tack of pinching: the branch of pinching carries out for three times, for the first time early June, for the second time mid-July, for the third time before by the end of August;
(7) ridging mulch: when shoot grew to 30 centimetres-35 centimetres, with the compacting of branch bottom, the ridging time was no more than by the end of July with earth;
(8) irrigate: the timely ditch cleaning draining of plum rain season, to irrigate drought resisting during the dry season, select for use pollution-free water source in time to irrigate in the pregnant flower bud of the chrysanthemum phase;
(9) fertilising: use the chrysanthemum special bio fertile, be used for fertilising, prevent disease and pest;
(10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: take management such as seedling, liquid manure, carry out the crop rotation plantation of little plot, aggregate measures prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as biological control;
(11) plot crop rotation: carry out little plot crop rotation plantation, preservation of fertility, prevent disease and pest.
3. the production method of a kind of chrysanthemum for tea use as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described harvesting method comprises the steps:
(1) plucking time is selected: the tire chrysanthemum is gathered and is lunar calendar nine Double Ninth Festivals of September to lunar calendar before the Frost's Descent, selects not have early morning that rainy day dew is little plucks when dried;
(2) plucking bud selects: pluck the tire flower that pistil does not expose at initial bloom stage, this moment, petal just stretched out bud, and light yellow little circumnutating when adopting chrysanthemum, divided and piece adopted, and avoids one and smoothes out with the fingers;
(3) the bud outward appearance is selected: one one complete handle, piece be longer than handle, handle be about piece 1/3;
(4) bud morphology selection: the flower type is complete, bud is full, size is even;
(5) the bud size is selected: a diameter is not more than 1 centimetre, and length is not more than 1.2 centimetres;
(6) bud quantity is selected: per 1 kilogram of bud approximately contains 60,000 buds;
(7) bud pollen is selected: the complete tire chrysanthemum powder that will keep in the bud, and A sweety scent assails the nostrils, the flavor glycol is beautiful;
(8) container containing is selected: the tire chrysanthemum of just having plucked, and select for use the container of plant preparation to preserve;
(9) store: the tire chrysanthemum preservation in the freezer below 10 ℃ after the harvesting.
4. the production method of a kind of chrysanthemum for tea use as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described processing method comprises the steps:
(1) process vessel is selected: direct contact surface, all adopt non-metallic materials such as enamel, thin bamboo strips used for weaving;
(2) fixation time is selected: completed with interior in 1-6 hour after plucking, in order to avoid rotten;
(3) complete: adopt steam beating, the temperature and time that completes is able to control, keeps the homogeneity of product variety height;
(4) pollen broken wall: adopt the microwave wall breaking technology, the chrysanthemum bud is carried out broken wall, increase pollen powder of chrysanthemun flower nutrition, keep sweet taste;
(5) pneumatic conveying drying: moment pneumatic conveying drying, reduce the nutriment loss;
(6) selection by winnowing dust removal: with the physics dedusting that purifies air;
(7) processing temperature is selected: the workshop temperature that adds man-hour remains on 18-24 ℃;
(8) processing humidity is selected: the humidity that adds the workshop in man-hour is deposited in 35-60%;
(9) ultraviolet-sterilization: take steam sterilizing and ultraviolet-sterilization technology;
(10) cold storing and fresh-keeping: be deposited in preservation in the freezer below 10 ℃ after the tire chrysanthemum packing after the processing finishes.
5. the chrysanthemum for tea use for preparing like the optional said production method of claim 1-5.
6. the production method of a kind of chrysanthemum for tea use as claimed in claim 1, chrysanthemum is selected from the good fortune feverfew in the wherein said kind of method for planting, is preferably selected from big feverfew of red heart or red heart feverfew, more preferably the red heart feverfew.
7. the production method of a kind of chrysanthemum for tea use as claimed in claim 1 wherein saidly is selected from free of contamination river, preferably selects the water river source of lifting for use.
8. the chrysanthemum special bio fertilizer that uses in the production method of a kind of chrysanthemum for tea use as claimed in claim 1, wherein said kind of method for planting is selected from honeysuckle residue or organic farm manure.
9. the production method of a kind of chrysanthemum for tea use as claimed in claim 1, the container of plant preparation is selected from bamboo basket or willow rattan basket in the wherein said harvesting method.
10. the production method of a kind of chrysanthemum for tea use as claimed in claim 1, the fixation time in the wherein said processing method was preferably in 4 hours.
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| CN103404359A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2013-11-27 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | Cultivation method for northern early blooming-seasoned ground-over chrysanthemums for drinking |
| CN103975728A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-08-13 | 长沙隆平有机农业有限公司 | Organic culture method for drinkable chrysanthemum flowers |
| CN105027927A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-11 | 龙胜泓文生态农林科技贸易有限公司 | Planting method of chrysanthemum of supplementing zinc |
| CN105613178A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-06-01 | 隋丽梅 | Method for cultivating acanthopanax sessiliflorus trees and acanthopanax tea with weight reducing function |
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| CN115644181A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-01-31 | 云南中医药大学 | Chrysanthemum white rust control agent and use method thereof |
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| CN103404359A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2013-11-27 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | Cultivation method for northern early blooming-seasoned ground-over chrysanthemums for drinking |
| CN103404359B (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-08-12 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of north jasmine tea land used morning is by the breeding method of chrysanthemum |
| CN103975728A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-08-13 | 长沙隆平有机农业有限公司 | Organic culture method for drinkable chrysanthemum flowers |
| CN103975728B (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2016-08-17 | 长沙隆平有机农业有限公司 | A kind of organic cultivation method drinking Flos Chrysanthemi |
| CN105027927A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-11 | 龙胜泓文生态农林科技贸易有限公司 | Planting method of chrysanthemum of supplementing zinc |
| CN106857971A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2017-06-20 | 湖北明钼健康科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method for protecting the chrysanthemum tea of optic nerve and retina |
| CN105613178A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-06-01 | 隋丽梅 | Method for cultivating acanthopanax sessiliflorus trees and acanthopanax tea with weight reducing function |
| CN105706700A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-06-29 | 正安县白菊花药材有限责任公司 | White chrysanthemum cultivating method |
| CN106613941A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-05-10 | 江苏建康职业学院 | Method for cultivation and processing of yuhua chrysanthemum morifolium |
| CN115644181A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-01-31 | 云南中医药大学 | Chrysanthemum white rust control agent and use method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20160411 Address after: 438300, No. 99, Jinlong Road, Macheng Economic Development Zone, Hubei Applicant after: HUBEI MINGMU HEALTH TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Address before: 438300 Jinqiao Road, Jinqiao Development Zone, Macheng City, Hubei Applicant before: Hubei Fenghuang Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. |
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