CN102675400A - 3,16β-二胺基甾体季铵盐衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

3,16β-二胺基甾体季铵盐衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN102675400A
CN102675400A CN2012101511490A CN201210151149A CN102675400A CN 102675400 A CN102675400 A CN 102675400A CN 2012101511490 A CN2012101511490 A CN 2012101511490A CN 201210151149 A CN201210151149 A CN 201210151149A CN 102675400 A CN102675400 A CN 102675400A
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androstane
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diketone
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胡先明
胡昊
饶志刚
刘鹏
肖玉玲
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Wuhan University WHU
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Abstract

本发明涉及3,16β-二胺基甾体季铵盐衍生物及其在制备肌肉松弛药物中的应用,其结构式为:其中,R1、R2分别为N-甲基化芳香铵基,N-甲基化开环脂肪族铵基或者N-甲基化环状脂肪族铵基。本发明制备方法简单,产率高。本发明化合物有较好的肌松活性。

Description

3,16β-二胺基甾体季铵盐衍生物及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯二碘甲烷化物及其制备方法和应用,属于药物化学领域。
技术背景
神经肌肉阻滞药又称肌肉松驰药,简称肌松药。1942年首次应用于临床麻醉,上世纪八十年代前,临床常用的肌松药主要有琥珀酰胆碱、筒箭毒碱、双甲基筒箭毒碱、三碘季铵酚等。但是,这些药物都具有一定的心血管副作用,这些副作用一般是由于刺激或抑制周围植物神经系统;或使血管肥大细胞释放组织胺及其它血管活性物质;或继运动终板去极化后,血清钾水平增高所致。后来,已陆续研制出一批新型肌松药应用于临床麻醉,其心血管副作用有所减少。
从临床应用来看,非去极化肌松药依据作用时间长短主要分为短效肌松药、中效肌松药和长效药物。实际上很少需要长效药物。麻醉师需要起效快、作用时间短,无不良心血管作用的非去极化药物。这种药物在大手术中可连续输入。在过去的几十年里,人们一直想寻找一种非去极化型肌肉松弛剂来代替琥珀胆碱,以实现快速进行气管插管手术。目前上市的非去极化型肌松药如维库溴铵、哌库溴铵等,药效往往有延迟效应,在给药后3分钟内不能进行气管插管手术,而通过大剂量给药来提高起效速度的方法往往会因为剂量过大带来一定的副作用。
从甾体肌松药的构效关系来说,最重要就是在A环和D环各有一个季铵化的胺基。我们注意到从第一个甾体肌松药泮库溴铵到最新的罗库溴铵结构非常相似,A环的胺基醇结构一直都是保持着2β-胺基-3α-羟基的结构,这个结构可能限制了新的甾体类神经肌肉阻断的发展。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题是提供3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯二碘甲烷化物及其制备方法,制得的化合物可以用于制备肌松药。
本发明所提供的技术方案是:
3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯二碘甲烷化物,其结构式为:
Figure BDA00001645270400021
其中,R1、R2分别为
Figure BDA00001645270400022
且当R1
Figure BDA00001645270400023
时,R2不为
Figure BDA00001645270400024
(波浪线表示与母核连接处)。
本发明还提供了上述3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯二碘甲烷化物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第1步:将表雄酮与溴化铜在甲醇中回流过夜,得到16α-溴代表雄酮;
第2步:16α-溴代表雄酮在丙酮中经琼斯试剂氧化生成16α-溴-3,17-二酮;
第3步:当R2
Figure BDA00001645270400025
时,
将16α-溴-3,17-二酮在吗啉中回流5~8小时,得到16β-吗啉-3,17-二酮;在溶有16β-吗啉基-3,17-二酮的甲醇中,加入等摩尔量的仲胺和乙酸,在0~25℃经氰基硼氢化钠还原胺化,得到3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17-酮;
当R2不为
Figure BDA00001645270400026
时,
在溶有16α-溴-3,17-二酮的甲醇中,加入等摩尔量的仲胺和乙酸,在0~25℃经氰基硼氢化钠还原胺化,得到3β-胺基-16-溴-5α-雄甾-17-酮;3β-胺基-16-溴-5α-雄甾-17-酮与仲胺一起在乙腈中回流5~8小时,得到3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17-酮;
第4步:3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17-酮在甲醇中与硼氢化钠在0~25℃反应,得到3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇;
第5步:3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇经乙酰化后得到3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯;
第6步:3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯经碘甲烷化生成3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯二碘甲烷化物。
下面用反应路线更清楚地表示出反应过程。
当R2
Figure BDA00001645270400031
时,路线如下:
Figure BDA00001645270400032
上述反应过程中,16β-吗啉基-3,17-二酮、氰基硼氢化钠、胺的摩尔比为1∶1.2~2∶50~400;胺与乙酸的摩尔比为1∶1。
当R2不为
Figure BDA00001645270400041
时,路线如下:
Figure BDA00001645270400042
上述反应过程中,16-溴-3,17-二酮、氰基硼氢化钠、胺的摩尔比为1∶1.2~2∶50~400;胺与乙酸的摩尔比为1∶1。
本发明的制备过程中,涉及一种中间体,其结构式为:
Figure BDA00001645270400043
其中,R3、R4分别为二甲胺基,吡咯烷基,N-甲哌嗪基,哌啶基,吗啉基,N-甲苯胺基,N-甲苄胺基;R3为吡咯烷基时,R4不为哌啶基;R5为羟基或者乙酰氧基,R6为H;或者R5和R6一起构成羰基。
本发明的制备过程中,还涉及另一种中间体,其结构式为:
Figure BDA00001645270400051
其中,R3为吡咯烷基,N-甲哌嗪基,哌啶基,吗啉基;波浪线表示构型可以取α或者β。
本发明采用小鼠膈神经-膈肌模型,对合成的新化合物进行肌肉松弛活性研究,结果表明化合物均显示出肌松活性,可以用于制备肌肉松弛药物。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案和应用作进一步的说明:
实施例1:3β-胺基-16-溴-5α-雄甾-17-酮的合成
将16-溴-3,17-二酮(5g,11.4mmol)溶于400ml甲醇,加入10ml环状仲胺和NaBH3CN(1g,16mmol,1.4equiv.),然后缓慢加入与胺等摩尔量的乙酸,反应在0℃进行8h。浓缩反应液,得粗品1。粗品1用5%Na2CO3溶液和CH2Cl2萃取,得有机相。有机相干燥、过滤、浓缩得粗品2。柱层析粗品2得产物。
3-哌啶衍生物(10).浅黄色固体.产率78%.1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.81(s,3H,CH3-19),0.89(s,3H,CH3-18),2.41(t,1H,H-3α),2.63(s,4H,N-CH2 in piperidino moiety),4.09(t,0.3H,H-16α),4.54(d,0.7H,H-16β).
3-N-甲哌嗪衍生物(12).White固体.产率84%.1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.80(s,3H,CH3-19),0.89(s,3H,CH3-18),2.28(s,3H,N-CH3),2.41(t,1H,H-3α),2.42-2.62(m,8H,N-CH2in piperazino moiety),4.53(d,J=6.8Hz,1H,H-16β);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ12.34,14.21,20.27,24.47,28.54,30.77,31.24,32.34,34.07,34.29,36.01,37.70,45.75,46.03,46.43,47.83,47.94,49.28,54.31,55.48,63.68,213.56.
实施例2:3β,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17-酮的合成
将3β-胺基-16-溴-5α-雄甾-17-酮(2g,约5.4mmol)溶于50ml乙腈,加入仲胺4~8ml,回流4~8h。然后浓缩反应液,得粗品1。粗品1用5%Na2CO3溶液和CH2Cl2萃取,得有机相。有机相干燥、过滤、浓缩得粗品2。柱层析粗品2得产物。
16β-(N-甲基哌嗪基)-3β-(4-吗啉基)衍生物(13c).浅黄色固体.产率70%.1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.80(s,3H,CH3-19),0.85(s,3H,CH3-18),2.19(t,1H,H-3α),2.28(s,3H,N-CH3),2.49-2.72(m,8H,N-CH2in piperazino moiety),2.56(s,4H,N-CH2in morpholinomoiety),3.06(dd,1H,H-16α),3.72(t,4H,O-CH2in morpholino moieties);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ12.05,13.94,20.33,23.20,25.43,28.68,31.08,31.18,32.03,34.27,36.10,37.61,45.68,45.73,45.99,46.95,47.66,50.04,54.71,54.95,55.00,64.03,67.32,71.76,218.59.
16β-哌啶基-3β-(N-甲基哌嗪基)衍生物(16b).浅黄色固体.产率67%.1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.80(s,3H,CH3-19),0.83(s,3H,CH3-18),2.22(t,1H,H-3α),2.28(s,3H,N-CH3),2.43-2.64(m,12H,N-CH2in piperazino and piperidino moieties ),3.11(dd,J=10.5,7.6Hz,1H,H-16α);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ12.39,13.70,20.35,22.66,24.15,24.50,26.08,28.72,31.24,31.29,32.05,34.25,36.10,37.71,45.87,46.05,47.08,47.59,49.31,51.26,54.75,55.50,63.76,73.10,219.61.
实施例3:3β-二甲胺基-16β-(4-吗啉基)-5α-雄甾-17-酮(5a)的合成
将16β-(4-吗啉基)-3,17-二酮(5g,11.4mmol)溶于400ml甲醇,加入60ml二甲胺水溶液(33%)和NaBH3CN(1g,16mmol,1.4equiv),然后缓慢加入与胺等摩尔量的乙酸,反应在0℃进行4h。浓缩反应液,得粗品1。粗品1用5%Na2CO3溶液和CH2Cl2萃取,得有机相。有机相干燥、过滤、浓缩得粗品2。柱层析粗品2得3β-二甲胺基化合物(5a)。浅黄色固体.产率58%.m.p.119.1-120.5℃;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.80(s,3H,CH3-19),0.87(s,3H,CH3-18),2.14(t,1H,H-3α),2.28(s,6H,N-CH3),2.42-2.72(m,4H,N-CH2 inmorpholino moiety),3.02(dd,1H,H-16α),3.72(s,4H,O-CH2in morpholino moiety);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ12.29,13.74,20.30,23.67,24.57,28.68,31.12,31.17,32.00,34.29,35.96,37.61,41.82,45.68,46.87,47.72,50.79,54.69,63.96,66.98,71.77,218.47.Anal.Calcd.forC25H42N2O2:C 74.58,H 10.51,N 6.96;Found C 74.55,H 10.49,N 6.95.
实施例3:3β-哌啶基-16β-(4-吗啉基)-5α-雄甾-17-酮(5d)的合成
将16β-(4-吗啉基)-3,17-二酮(5g,11.4mmol)溶于400ml甲醇,加入30ml哌啶和NaBH3CN(1g,16mmol,1.4equiv.),然后缓慢加入与胺等摩尔量的乙酸,反应在0℃进行6h。浓缩反应液,得粗品1。粗品1用5%Na2CO3溶液和CH2Cl2萃取,得有机相。有机相干燥、过滤、浓缩得粗品2。柱层析粗品2得5d,白色固体,产率82%。m.p.184.7-186.5℃;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.79(s,3H,CH3-19),0.86(s,3H,CH3-18),2.25(ddd,1H,J=11.8,8.0,3.8Hz,H-3α),2.63-2.64(m,8H,N-CH2in morpholino and piperidino moieties),2.99(dd,1H,J=10.1,7.7Hz,H-16α),3.96-3.61(m,4H,O-CH2 in morpholino moiety);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ23.8,24.06,24.85,26.42,28.69,30.71,31.19,32.03,34.32,36.18,37.92,46.09,46.9,47.75,50.36,50.84,53.42,54.74,64.49,67,71.75,223.31.Anal.Calcd.for C28H46N2O2:C 75.97,H 10.47,N 6.33;Found C 75.88,H 10.31,N 6.31.MS(ESI-IT):m/z 443.2[M+H]+;Calcd.442.4.
实施例4:3β-哌啶基-16β-(4-吗啉基)-5α-雄甾-17-酮(5d)的合成
将16β-(4-吗啉基)-3,17-二酮(5g,11.4mmol)溶于400ml甲醇,加入20ml哌啶和NaBH3CN(1.43g,22.4mmol,2equiv.),然后缓慢加入与胺等摩尔量的乙酸,反应在0℃进行6h。浓缩反应液,得粗品1。粗品1用5%Na2CO3溶液和CH2Cl2萃取,得有机相。有机相干燥、过滤、浓缩得粗品2。柱层析粗品2得5d,白色固体,产率78%。
实施例5:3β-哌啶基-16β-(4-吗啉基)-5α-雄甾-17-酮(5d)的合成
将16β-(4-吗啉基)-3,17-二酮(5g,11.4mmol)溶于400ml甲醇,加入10ml哌啶和NaBH3CN(1g,16mmol,1.4equiv.),然后缓慢加入与胺等摩尔量的乙酸,反应在0℃进行8h。浓缩反应液,得粗品1。粗品1用5%Na2CO3溶液和CH2Cl2萃取,得有机相。有机相干燥、过滤、浓缩得粗品2。柱层析粗品2得5d,白色固体,产率76%。
实施例6:3β-N-甲苯胺基-16β-(4-吗啉基)-5α-雄甾-17-酮(5f)的合成
将16β-(4-吗啉基)-3,17-二酮(5g,11.4mmol)溶于400ml甲醇,加入10ml N-甲苯胺和NaBH3CN(1g,16mmol,1.4equiv.),然后缓慢加入与胺等摩尔量的乙酸,反应在0℃进行8h。浓缩反应液,得粗品1。粗品1用5%Na2CO3溶液和CH2Cl2萃取,得有机相。有机相干燥、过滤、浓缩得粗品2。柱层析粗品2得5f,白色固体,产率76%。m.p.122.3-124.5℃;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.87(s,3H,CH3-19),0.88(s,3H,CH3-18),2.49-2.74(m,4H,N-CH2in morpholino moiety),2.78(s,3H,N-CH3),3.01(dd,1H,H-16α),3.65(t,1H,H-3α),3.76(s,4H,O-CH2in morpholino moiety),6.68(t,1H,J=7.2Hz,H-4’in phenyl group),6.77(d,1H,J=8.2Hz,H-2’in phenyl group),7.22(dd,1H,J=7.2Hz,8.2Hz,H-3’in phenyl group);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ12.48,13.79,20.39,23.78,24.98,28.51,31.14,31.40,31.60,32.04,34.35,35.99,37.87,46.27,46.90,47.75,50.85,54.71,58.28,67.01,71.78,113.27,116.40,129.12,150.20,218.41.Anal.Calcd.for C30H44N2O2:C 77.54,H 9.54,N 6.03;Found C 77.41,H 9.51,N 6.04.
实施例7:3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇的合成
将3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17-酮(2g,5mmol)溶于80ml甲醇中,冰浴搅拌。缓慢加入NaBH4(1g,26.5mmol),加完后继续反应2h,浓缩反应液,得粗品1。粗品1加入冰水中,用CH2Cl2萃取3次,合并有机相,干燥,浓缩,得粗品2。柱层析粗品2得17β-醇衍生物。
3β-二甲胺基-16β-(4-吗啉基)-衍生物(6a).白色固体with moisture absorption.产率95%.1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.69(s,3H,CH3-19),0.77(s,3H,CH3-18),2.14(ddd,1H,H-3α),2.27(s,6H,N-CH3),2.54-2.62(m,4H,N-CH2in morpholino moiety),2.79(dd,1H J=17.4Hz,9.1Hz,H-16α),3.43(d,1H,J=9.0Hz,H-17α),3.67-3.76(s,4H,O-CH2in morpholino moiety);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ12.30,13.03,20.82,24.50,27.21,28.86,31.09,32.24,35.85,37.70,38.41,41.75,43.40,45.63,48.26,53.21,54.45,64.01,65.48,67.33,78.14.Anal.Calcd.forC28H47N3O2:C 74.21,H 10.96,N 6.92;Found C 74.23,H 10.94,N 6.92.
3β-哌啶基-16β-(4-吗啉基)衍生物(6d).白色固体.产率98%.m.p.218.6-220.3℃;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.67(s,3H,CH3-19),0.77(s,3H,CH3-18),2.25(m,1H,H-3α),2.50-2.62(m,8H,N-CH2in morpholino and piperidino moieties),2.78(dd,1H,J=17.4,9.3Hz,H-16α),3.43(d,1H,J=9.3Hz,H-17α),3.65-3.77(m,4H,O-CH2in morpholino moiety),3.88(brs,1H,OH);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ12.39,13.03,20.85,23.75,24.58,25.93,27.21,28.82,30.44,32.23,34.53,36.04,37.89,38.41,43.43,45.96,48.28,50.24,54.45,64.65,65.51,67.34,78.15..Anal.Calcd.for C28H48N2O2:C 75.63,H 10.88,N 6.30;Found C 75.60,H 10.87,N 6.29.MS(ESI-IT):m/z 445.2[M+H]+;Calcd.444.4.
3β-N-甲苄胺-16β-(4-吗啉基)衍生物(6g).浅黄色固体.产率94%.m.p.155-157℃;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.67(s,3H,CH3-19),0.80(s,3H,CH3-18),2.20(s,3H,N-CH3),2.47(m,1H,H-3α),2.52-2.65(m,4H,N-CH2in morpholino moiety),2.79(dd,1H,J=17.5Hz,9.3Hz,H-16α),3.43(d,1H,J=9.0Hz,H-17α),3.63(s,2H,N-CH2in benzyl group),3.66-3.76(s,4H,O-CH2in morpholino moiety),3.87(brs,1H,OH),7.22-7.31(m,5H,H in phenyl ring);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ12.44,13.07,20.89,23.95,27.25,28.93,30.63,32.28,34.57,36.13,37.88,37.92,38.46,43.44,45.96,48.31,52.90,54.49,58.02,62.68,65.52,67.37,78.17,126.69,128.19,128.83,140.31.Anal.Calcd.for C31H48N2O2:C 77.45,H 10.06,N 5.83;Found C 77.43,H 10.05,N5.84.
3,16β-二哌啶基衍生物(18a).白色固体.产率95%.1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.65(s,3H,CH3-19),0.77(s,3H,CH3-18),2.24(tt,J=11.8,3.9Hz,1H,H-3α),2.50(m,8H,N-CH2 inpiperidino moieties),2.75(dd,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-16α),3.37(d,J=9.1Hz,1H,H-17α),3.72(t,4H,O-CH2in morpholino moiety),4.38(brs,1H,OH);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ12.42,13.19,16.94,20.93,24.08,24.48,24.90,26.47,26.54,27.22,28.96,30.79,32.37,34.52,36.10,38.04,38.70,43.32,46.07,48.62,50.36,54.57,64.59,65.80,77.64.
实施例8:3-胺基-16β-(4-吗啉基)-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯的合成
将3-胺基-16β-(4-吗啉基)-5α-雄甾-17β-醇(0.2mmol)溶于40ml二氯甲烷,缓慢加入(7mmol)乙酰氯,搅拌回流过夜。然后将反应液用10%碳酸氢钠溶液中和乙酰氯,再用5%碳酸钠溶液调pH至9。加二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,干燥、浓缩,得粗品。粗品用丙酮重结晶得到产物。
3β-二甲胺-16β-(4-吗啉基)衍生物(7a).白色叶状晶体.产率71%.m.p.121.8-123.6℃;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.78(s,3H,CH3-19),0.80(s,3H,CH3-18),2.09(s,3H,CH3C=O),2.16(t,1H,H-3α),2.28(s,6H,N-CH3),2.47-2.57(m,4H,N-CH2in morpholino moiety),3.07(dd,1H,J=17.6,9.9Hz,H-16α),3.61-3.70(m,4H,O-CH2in morpholino moiety),4.78(d,1H,J=9.8,H-17α);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ12.42,13.36,20.71,21.39,24.17,24.76,24.90,26.48,28.87,30.69,32.18,34.21,36.09,37.97,38.21,42.58,46.01,46.12,48.38,50.37,54.41,55.75,64.35,64.53,76.72,77.04,77.35,82.01,170.79.Anal.Calcd.for C27H46N2O3:C 72.60,H 10.38,N6.27;Found C 72.68,H 10.37,N 6.27.
3β-哌啶-16β-(4-吗啉基)衍生物(7d).白色针晶.产率75%.m.p.214.5-216.6℃;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.77(s,3H,CH3-19),0.78(s,3H,CH3-18),2.09(s,3H,CH3C=O),2.25(ddd,1H,J=12.0,8.1,3.9Hz,H-3α),2.47-2.61(m,8H,N-CH2in morpholino and piperidino moieties),3.07(td,1H,J=9.9,7.9Hz,H-16α),3.60-3.70(m,4H,O-CH2in morpholino moiety),4.77(d,1H,J=9.8,H-17α);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ12.40,13.28,20.69,21.29,24.07,24.76,24.86,26.41,28.86,30.68,32.15,34.23,36.08,37.95,38.13,42.55,46.00,48.28,50.34,51.92,54.39,64.50,64.69,67.50,82.03,170.70.Anal.Calcd.for C30H50N2O3:C 74.03,H 10.35,N 5.76;FoundC 74.89,H 10.34,N 5.76.MS(ESI-IT):m/z 487.1[M+H]+;Calcd.486.4.
实施例9:3β-N-甲哌嗪基-16β-(4-吗啉基)-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯(7c)的合成
将3β-N-甲哌嗪基-16β-(4-吗啉基)-5α-雄甾-17β-醇(0.2mmol)溶于40ml二氯甲烷,加入(7mmol)乙酰氯和对二甲氨基吡啶(0.01mmol),搅拌回流过夜。然后将反应液用10%碳酸氢钠溶液中和乙酰氯,再用5%碳酸钠溶液调pH至9。加二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,干燥、浓缩,得粗品。粗品用丙酮重结晶得到产物。3β-N-甲哌嗪衍生物(7c).白色柱状晶体.产率71%.m.p.nd;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.78(s,3H,CH3-19),0.80(s,3H,CH3-18),2.09(s,3H,CH3C=O),2.21(t,1H,H-3α),2.28(s,3H,N-CH3),2.48-2.60(m,12H,N-CH2in morpholino and piperazino moieties),3.07(dd,1H,J=17.8,9.4Hz,H-16α),3.61-3.74(m,4H,O-CH2in morpholino moiety),4.77(d,1H,J=9.7,H-17α);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ11.25,12.26,19.66,20.28,21.82,23.72,28.31,30.82,33.06,34.69,36.02,36.94,41.59,43.70,44.32,46.83,47.12,50.86,51.15,52.90,63.62,63.92,66.26,80.64,169.66.Anal.Calcd.for C30H51N3O3:C 71.81,H 10.25,N 8.37;Found C 73.83,H 10.24,N 8.36.
实施例10:3β,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯二碘甲烷化物
将3β,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯(100mg,0.19-0.22mmol)溶于二氯甲烷-乙腈溶液(10ml,1∶1,v/v),加入碘甲烷(0.2ml,0.32mmol),0~40℃反应过夜。然后将反应液浓缩,用乙醇-丙酮重结晶,得产物。
3β-N-甲哌嗪胺基-16β-吗啉基-17-醇乙酸酯二碘甲烷衍生物(8c).白色固体.产率83%.m.p.226.3-228.0℃;1HNMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ0.84(s,3H,CH3-19),0.88(s,3H,CH3-18),2.20(s,3H,CH3C=O),2.47(t,1H,H-3α),2.93(s,4H,N-CH2),
Figure BDA00001645270400101
Figure BDA00001645270400102
Figure BDA00001645270400104
Figure BDA00001645270400105
4.03-4.12(m,4H,O-CH2in morpholino moiety),4.34(dd,1H,J=17.2Hz,9.7Hz,H-16α),5.29(d,1H,J=9.9Hz,H-17α);13CNMR(100MHz,d6-DMSO):δ11.97,12.64,20.20,20.94,23.91,25.81,28.19,30.33,31.42,33.44,35.41,36.92,37.11,42.23,44.45,44.93,45.63,50.32,53.19,54.92,59.81,61.12,61.98,77.61,169.05.Anal.Calcd.for C32H57I2N3O3:C 49.21,H 7.19,N 3.70;Found C 49.16,H 7.18,N 3.70.MS(ESI-IT):m/z 657.9[M-I-]+,265.5[M-2I-]2+;Calcd.forC32H57I2N3O3:785.2.
3β-哌啶基-16β-吗啉基-17-醇乙酸酯二碘甲烷衍生物(8d).白色固体.产率72%.m.p.248.1-249.9℃;1HNMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ0.89(s,3H,CH3-19),0.90(s,3H,CH3-18),2.20(s,3H,CH3C=O),
Figure BDA00001645270400111
Figure BDA00001645270400112
3.45-3.64(m,9H,N-CH2inmorpholino and piperidino moieties+H-3α),3.98-4.01(m,4H,O-CH2in morpholino moiety),4.31(dd,1H,J=17.0Hz,9.7Hz,H-16α),5.29(d,1H,J=9.9Hz,H-17α);13CNMR(100MHz,d6-DMSO):δ11.98,12.69,19.20,19.99,20.25,20.65,20.99,25.80,26.30,27.80,31.28,33.31,34.93,36.40,37.06,43.30,44.47,44.56,45.57,52.82,58.36,58.44,59.83,69.87,77.57,80.71,169.04.Anal.Calcd.for C32H56I2N2O3:C 49.88,H 7.32,N 3.64;Found C 49.86,H 7.30,N 3.64.MS(ESI-IT):m/z 657.9[M-I-]+,265.5[M-2I-]2+;Calcd.for C32H56I2N2O3:770.2.
3β-N-甲苯胺基-16β-吗啉基-17-醇乙酸酯二碘甲烷衍生物(8f).白色固体.产率82%.m.p.168.8-170.1℃;1HWMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ0.88(s,3H,CH3-19),0.89(s,3H,CH3-18),2.22(s,3H,CH3C=O),
Figure BDA00001645270400113
3.52(t,1H,H-3α),
Figure BDA00001645270400114
3.60-3.68(m,4H,N-CH2in morpholino moiety),4.01-4.06(m,4H,O-CH2in morpholino moiety),4.40(dd,1H,J=17.8Hz,10.0Hz,H-16α),5.31(d,1H,J=9.9Hz,H-17α),7.60-7.70(m,3H,H-4’+H-3’inphenyl group),7.90(d,2H,H-2’inphenyl group);13CNMR(100MHz,d6-DMSO):δ11.93,12.65,20.26,20.95,21.50,22.42,25.75,27.76,31.19,33.26,34.93,36.37,37.02,44.43,44.68,45.49,49.69,50.01,52.75,59.81,76.92,77.56,121.49,129.95,130.02,145.58,169.03.Anal.Calcd.for C34H54I2N2O3:C 51.52,H 6.87,N 3.53;Found C 51.48,H 6.88,N 3.53.MS(ESI-IT):m/z 665.0[M-I-]+,269.1[M-2I-]2+;Calcd.for C34H54I2N2O3:792.2.
3β-哌啶基-16β-N-甲哌嗪胺基-17-醇乙酸酯二碘甲烷衍生物(26a).棕色固体.产率83%.1HNMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ0.86(s,3H,CH3-19),0.90(s,3H,CH3-18),2.13(s,3H,CH3C=O),2.90-3.00(m,4H,N-CH2),
Figure BDA00001645270400115
Figure BDA00001645270400116
Figure BDA00001645270400117
3.27(dd,J=9.8Hz,1H,H-16α),
Figure BDA00001645270400118
Figure BDA00001645270400119
3.63(t,1H,H-3α),4.81(d,J=9.8Hz,1H,H-17α).
3β,16β-N-甲哌嗪胺基-17-醇乙酸酯二碘甲烷衍生物(28c).棕色固体.产率79%.1HNMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ0.81(s,3H,CH3-19),0.82(s,3H,CH3-18),2.14(s,3H,CH3C=O),2.47(t,1H,H-3α),2.87-3.00(m,8H,N-CH2),
Figure BDA000016452704001110
Figure BDA000016452704001111
4.77(d,J=9.8Hz,1H,H-17α).
药理学实验:
取小鼠(20-25g),制备膈肌-膈神经标本,将标本移入用Krebs-Henseleit液中(NaCl113s,KCl 5,KH2PO41,MgSO41,NaHCO330,CaCl22.5,and glucose 20,单位mM)中。与膈肌尖端结一线,于膈神经近切断端结另一颜色的线,将膈肌富有肋骨的一边附于固定架上,将标本移入浴槽内,膈肌尖端连张力换能器。安好膈神经刺激电极,勿使膈神经在膈肌收缩时过分紧张。注意每次试验的克氏液要等量。温度37℃,通以95%O2和5%CO2的混合气体。给予0.2ms的方形脉冲,频率为0.1Hz的超强刺激。通过预实验,测试达到90%抑制的剂量(累加式加入药物)。再加入不同浓度剂量(4~5个,等比数列),用剂量的对数对抑制率做回归分析,求得ED50,ED90。以vecuronium(Vec.)、rocuronium(Roc.)为参比药物。每个化合物重复7-10组。
本发明化合物8a-g、25a-c、26a-c、27b-c和28a-c作为肌松药。
本发明采用小鼠膈神经-膈肌模型,对合成的新化合物进行肌肉松弛活性研究,结果表明化合物8a-g、25a-c、26a-c、27b-c和28a-c均显示出肌松活性,其中8d、25c表现出的肌松活性紧随对照药罗库溴铵之后;27c、28c与罗库溴铵的肌松活性相当;26a-c比罗库溴铵具有更好的肌松活性。
部分化合物活性列表:
Figure BDA00001645270400121
Figure BDA00001645270400131

Claims (6)

1.3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯二碘甲烷化物,其结构式为:
Figure FDA00001645270300011
其中,R1、R2分别为为
Figure FDA00001645270300012
Figure FDA00001645270300013
且当R1
Figure FDA00001645270300014
时,R2不为
Figure FDA00001645270300015
2.权利要求1所述化合物的中间体,其结构式为:
Figure FDA00001645270300016
其中,R3、R4分别为二甲胺基,吡咯烷基,N-甲哌嗪基,哌啶基,吗啉基,N-甲苯胺基,N-甲苄胺基;R3为吡咯烷基时,R4不为哌啶基;R5为羟基或者乙酰氧基,R6为H,或者R5和R6一起构成羰基。
3.权利要求1所述化合物的中间体,其结构式为:
其中,R3为吡咯烷基、N-甲哌嗪基、哌啶基或吗啉基。
4.权利要求1所述3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯二碘甲烷化物的制备方法,其特征是包括如下步骤:
第1步:将表雄酮与溴化铜在甲醇中回流过夜,得到16α-溴代表雄酮;
第2步:16α-溴代表雄酮在丙酮中经琼斯试剂氧化生成16α-溴-3,17-二酮;
第3步:当R2
Figure FDA00001645270300021
时,
将16α-溴-3,17-二酮在吗啉中回流5~8小时,得到16β-吗啉-3,17-二酮;在溶有16β-吗啉基-3,17-二酮的甲醇中,加入等摩尔量的仲胺和乙酸,在0~25℃经氰基硼氢化钠还原胺化,得到3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17-酮;
当R2不为
Figure FDA00001645270300022
时,
在溶有16α-溴-3,17-二酮的甲醇中,加入等摩尔量的仲胺和乙酸,在0~25℃经氰基硼氢化钠还原胺化,得到3β-胺基-16-溴-5α-雄甾-17-酮;3β-胺基-16-溴-5α-雄甾-17-酮与仲胺一起在乙腈中回流5~8小时,得到3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17-酮;
第4步:3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17-酮在甲醇中与硼氢化钠在0~25℃反应,得到3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇;
第5步:3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇经乙酰化后得到3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯;
第6步:3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯经碘甲烷化生成3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯二碘甲烷化物。
5.根据权利要求4中所述制备方法,其特征是:16β-吗啉基-3,17-二酮或16α-溴-3,17-二酮、氰基硼氢化钠、胺的摩尔比为1∶1.4∶200;胺与乙酸的摩尔比为1∶1。
6.权利要求1所述的3,16β-二胺基-5α-雄甾-17β-醇乙酸酯二碘甲烷化物在制备肌肉松弛药物中的应用。
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