CN102659483A - Slow-released fertilizer for fruit trees - Google Patents
Slow-released fertilizer for fruit trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN102659483A CN102659483A CN2012101880599A CN201210188059A CN102659483A CN 102659483 A CN102659483 A CN 102659483A CN 2012101880599 A CN2012101880599 A CN 2012101880599A CN 201210188059 A CN201210188059 A CN 201210188059A CN 102659483 A CN102659483 A CN 102659483A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 alkene acid amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004968 peroxymonosulfuric acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 29
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 6
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 2
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000193738 Bacillus anthracis Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000918585 Pythium aphanidermatum Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002498 deadly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002070 germicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001863 plant nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007115 recruitment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010496 root system development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001228 trophic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a slow-released fertilizer for fruit trees, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of crylic acid, 30-50 parts of dried natural sheep manure, 60-90 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1.2 parts of calcium, 0.2-1.5 parts of magnesium, 0.4-0.8 part of ferrum, 0.1-0.3 part of boron, 0.05-0.25 part of zinc, 0.25-0.4 part of molybdenum, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 0.1-0.2 part of amino acid and 0.7-0.9 part of alkyl sodium sulfonate. The slow-released trace element fertilizer provided by the invention is environment-friendly, favorable in water conservation performance and good in biological and chemical stabilities, has complete functions and good effects of regulating the growth and development of the plants, and has the effect of insect disease prevention.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the super absorbent resin field, be specifically related to a kind of slow release fertilizer that can be used for fruit tree.
Background technology
China is a large agricultural country, and agricultural is the basis of national economy, is can't the substituted Primary Industry.Modern agriculture is to be characteristic with low input, high production, high-level efficiency and Sustainable development.And closely-related therewith chemical fertilizer industry and water resources are utilized the important substance basis of modern agriculture production especially and development.Chemical fertilizer occupies an important position in agriculture prodn.Estimate according to Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO (FAO), in the raising the output of developing country's grain, wherein 55% effect from chemical fertilizer.But because factors such as volatilization, loss, infiltrations, in this season utilization ratio of China's chemical fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer is about 30-35% at present, and phosphate fertilizer is about 10-25%, and potash fertilizer is 35-50%, well below developed country's level.Low utilization rate of fertilizer not only causes enormous economic loss, but also can cause serious environmental to be polluted, the eutrophication of water body for example, and the farmland nitrogen is overflowed to the particularly influence etc. of ozonosphere of atmospheric layer, and then the health of human body has been constituted very big threat.Therefore, improve fertilizer utilization ratio, alleviate its pollution, develop sustainable high-efficiency agriculture and become the common problem of paying close attention in various countries environment.
Doing early, lack of water is restriction China's agricultural development and the important factor of quickening desertification of land.Show that according to the relevant statistical information of country China's desertification land area 262.2 ten thousand km' account for 27.4% of territory total area, the annual direct economic loss that causes because of desertification reaches 54,000,000,000 yuan.The big area situation that No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity often takes place in a lot of areas.China's agricultural water accounts for about 80% of water resources consumption, yet the water globe crisis of resource makes Irrigation farming also must walk the evolutionary path of water conservation water saving.Therefore, improve the central task that the farmland efficiency of water application is China's agricultural.
In recent years, in soil, use water-absorbing polymer especially High hydrophilous resin to improve the nutrition of plant own through causing people's extensive concern with water regime.Discover; On agricultural, use water-absorbing polymer for the physical properties of improving the soil, promote seed germination and emerge, improve seedling surviving rate, to reduce plant all very potential to many-sides such as the needs of irrigating, raising plant recovery of nutrient; And having obtained widespread use, the actual popularization of High hydrophilous resin also lacks very much.Major cause is following: the one, and synthesizing super absorbent resin is on the high side; The another one major cause is a function singleness, is difficult to satisfy many-sided demand of plant nutrition.
High hydrophilous resin is one type of macromole that contains hydrophilic radical and crosslinking structure, is made through saponification by the starch-grafted polyacrylonitrile of employings such as Fanta the earliest again.Press raw material and divide, several big type of starch system (grafts, carboxymethylation etc.), cellulose-based (carboxymethylation, grafts etc.), synthesized polymer system (polyacrylic, polyethenol series, T 46155 system etc.) arranged.Wherein the polyacrylic High hydrophilous resin has series of advantages such as production cost is low, technology is simple, production efficiency is high, water-retaining capacity is strong, shelf life of products is long than starch system and cellulose-based comparing, and becomes current this hot research fields.During world's High hydrophilous resin was produced at present, polyacrylic accounted for 80%.
High hydrophilous resin is generally the polymer electrolyte that contains hydrophilic radical and crosslinking structure.Before the suction, macromolecular chain is drawn close tangle up each other, and being cross-linked to each other reticulates structure, thereby reaches on the whole fastening.When contacting with water, water molecules is penetrated in the resin through wicking action and diffusion, the ionization in water of the ionizing group on the chain.Owing to making macromolecular chain, the electrostatic repulsion between homo-ion on the chain stretches swelling.Because the electroneutral requirement, gegenion can not be moved to the resin outside, and the ionic concn difference between the solution of resin inside and outside forms reverse osmotic pressure.Water further gets in the resin under the effect of reverse osmotic pressure, forms hydrogel.Simultaneously, the cross-linked structure of resin itself and hydrogen bond action have limited the unlimited expansion of gel again.In water, contain the small amounts of salts time-like, reverse osmotic pressure reduces, because the shielding effect of gegenion is shunk macromolecular chain, causes the water-retaining capacity of resin to descend greatly simultaneously.Usually, the water-retaining capacity of High hydrophilous resin in 0.9% NaCl solution only in deionized water about 1/10.Suction and water conservation are two aspects of a problem, and Lin Runxiong etc. have carried out the thermodynamics discussion to this.Under certain temperature and pressure, High hydrophilous resin can spontaneously absorb water, and water gets in the resin, the free enthalpy of whole system is reduced, up to balance.If water is overflowed from resin, free enthalpy is raise, then be unfavorable for the stable of system.DTA shows that the water that High hydrophilous resin absorbs still has 50% to be enclosed in the gel network at 150 ° more than the C.Therefore, even normal temperature is exerted pressure down, water also can not overflowed from High hydrophilous resin, and this is by the thermodynamic property decision of High hydrophilous resin.
Though the development and use of High hydrophilous resin have only the history in more than 30 year, its development is very noticeable.The research or the application research that no matter are synthetic aspect are very active, and existing starch based is like starch grafted acrylate etc.; Synthetic type, like polyacrylate, cellulose family etc.; Polymerized form has aqueous solution polymerization, inverse suspension polymerization etc., and the form of product has Powdered; Pearl, membranaceous and fibrous or the like.
Application agriculturally; Because the High hydrophilous resin cost is high, has seriously hindered the application of High hydrophilous resin, numerous domestic scientific worker is doing a large amount of work aspect the reduction High hydrophilous resin cost; But mainly concentrating on, most work adds in the polymerization system like wilkinite; Cheap materials such as inorganic soil such as kaolin and Attapulgite mineral reach the purpose that reduces cost, though add the hydrogel intensity after some inorganic mineral can improve the water-keeping material suction; But the High hydrophilous resin soil addition that performance is good is lower, can not fundamentally reduce raw materials cost.Product function only has the suction the same with common water-absorbing resin, releases water function in addition, lacks trophic function.
At present, China's applying fruit trees with fertilizer amount approximately is 2 times of developed country, and utilization rate of fertilizer is 15%-30%, and split application and slow-release fertilizer are world development trends, but the drawbacks limit that the split application recruitment is many and the slow-release fertilizer price is high its technology popularization.
Publication number is that the application for a patent for invention of CN101113119A discloses a kind of water keeping fertilizer and preparation method thereof; It is mixing composite processing with super absorbent resin with sequestrant; Through sequestrant some nutritive ingredients are provided, and this method has no idea to reduce the tooling cost of super absorbent resin, add various composition finished products simultaneously and further improved the cost of making; And the imbalance of the microelement match in this fertilizer is unbalanced, is difficult to play effect of fertilizer preferably.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of slow release fertilizer that can be used for fruit tree;
The present invention has adopted following technical scheme: be suitable for preventing the little fertilizer of slowly-releasing of disease and pest, it is characterized in that, comprise following composition:
The 50-80 parts by weight of acrylic acid; The dry natural sheep excrement of 30-50 weight part; Urea 60-90 weight part; Secondary ammonium phosphate 10-15 weight part, the molybdenum of the boron of the magnesium of the calcium of 0.5-1.2 weight part, 0.2-1.5 weight part, the iron of 0.4-0.8 weight part, 0.1-0.3 weight part, the zinc of 0.05-0.25 weight part, 0.25-0.4 weight part, the plant ash of 10-15 weight part, the amino acid of 0.1-0.2 weight part, the alkyl sodium sulfonate of 0.7-0.9 part, and make according to following steps:
1) the 50-80 parts by weight of acrylic acid is placed container, add 350 parts by weight of deionized water and stir, reconcile pH value, make the system pH value about 7.0 with Pottasium Hydroxide;
2) take by weighing the dry natural sheep excrement of 30-50 weight part, it is ground into 100 purpose powder;
3) with step 2) the sheep excrement powder that makes adds in the solution that step 1 makes, and adds urea 60-90 weight part again, and logical nitrogen high-speed stirring is 30 minutes after the Secondary ammonium phosphate 10-15 weight part stirring and dissolving;
4) with the solution of step 3 under the pressure of 0.03-0.05 Mpa, be heated to 65 ° of C gelatinizations 20 minutes;
5) add oxygenant persulfuric acid sylvite 1.0 weight parts, add reductive agent S-WAT 1.0 weight parts, after stirring; Add linking agent N, existing alkene acid amides 0.5 weight part of N '-methylene-bis, polymerization when temperature is 50-60 ℃; Polymerization time is 1 hour, obtains the crosslinking polymerization product;
6) the crosslinking polymerization product that step 5 is obtained is moved in the open container; Add an amount of solution; Said solution contains the calcium of 0.5-1.2 weight part, the magnesium of 0.2-1.5 weight part, the iron of 0.4-0.8 weight part, the boron of 0.1-0.3 weight part, the zinc of 0.05-0.25 weight part, the molybdenum of 0.25-0.4 weight part, the amino acid of 0.1-0.2 weight part, the alkyl sodium sulfonate of 0.7-0.9 part, fully stirs after 10 minutes and leaves standstill 2 hours;
7) be moved in the baking oven after the product taking-up with step 6),, be placed in the baking oven with absolute ethanol washing again,, pulverize in 70 ℃ of oven dry with anhydrous methanol dehydration 2 times;
8) plant ash with the 10-15 weight part adds the meal A that step 7) obtains, and stirs after the mixing, obtains the finished product.
The nutrient content of sheep excrement and character: moisturely in the sheep excrement be divided into 65.5%, organic 31.4%, nitrogen is 0.65%, and phosphorus is 0.47%, and potassium is 0.23%.The sheep excrement is of close texture and dry, and nutriment in a fertilizer is dense, and nutrient content is high, and sheep excrement itself also is a kind of good water-retaining agent.The present invention is a base material with vinylformic acid, sheep excrement powder, and the persulfuric acid sylvite of employing is as oxygenant, and S-WAT is as reductive agent; N, the existing alkene acid amides of N '-methylene-bis adopts redox initiation system; Polymerization under logical condition of nitrogen gas, and obtain the crosslinking polymerization product after the process manufacturing procedure; Contain various trace elements and suitable proportioning simultaneously in this fertilizer, wherein alkyl sodium sulfonate has good tackiness to the Foliage Absorption of food crop, promotes the stomatal opening of blade cell, has improved the effect that absorbs nutrition; Agricultural streptomycin is the meta-bolites that actinomycetes produced, and fungicidal spectrum is wide, and is particularly better to various bacterial disease effect, and fungi is also had preventive and therapeutic effect, has systemic action, and porous and is transmitted to other positions in plant materials.To the people, animal low toxicity, also very little to fish and hydrobiont toxicity.Be mainly used in spraying, also can irritate the root and the sterilization etc. of soaking seed, and the agricultural streptomycin sterilization effect be slower than the deadly process of chemical pesticide, is suitable for early prevention and treatment, therefore can spray, and have an effect for a long time with slow release fertilizer at the disease and pest early period of origination.Plant ash itself is exactly a kind of open-textured hot quick-acting fertilizer, except that containing available potassium (5% one 10%), also contains available nutrients such as phosphorus, calcium, iron, magnesium, sulphur, but widespread use on fruit tree.Plant ash has the very strong effect of killing pathogenic bacteria and virus, can kill subterranean pest-insect and germ, prevents damping-off, anthrax, Powdery Mildew, the sick generation of fruit russeting; Simultaneously an amount of plant ash can improve rate of emergence, improves seedling rate, promotes root system development; Impel branches and leaves dark green, strengthen photosynthesis, reduce flowers and fruits and come off; Prevent early ageing, improve fruit quality.
The slow release type trace element fertilizer of the present invention's preparation has improved water absorbent rate to a great extent, can expand rapidly behind the chance water, in salt solution, has improved water-intake rate; In the rainy season of northwest arid area; Compound water retaining agent in the fertilizer can drink up the rain, and can keep water effective property for a long time after the suction, makes it to be stored in the soil; Improved efficiency of water application in the soil, for plant provides guarantee.The soil erosion of having avoided the eluviation of rainwater to bring has also avoided fertilizer to run off in a large number, has improved utilization rate of fertilizer, for plant provides guarantee in the long growing nutrient demand of arid season.After agricultural, especially, use these article, the effect that can effectivelyly play suction, water conservation, soil moisture conservation, nutrition, slowly-releasing, take root, urge the root and the structure of improving the soil in the Northwest of drought and water shortage.
The water retention property of the slow release type trace element fertilizer through the present invention preparation is good, the biological and chemical good stability, and the function of regulating crop growth is more complete, effect is better; Be base-material with natural sheep excrement simultaneously, kept effective nutritive ingredient of sheep excrement, enlarged the resources effective utilization; And can reduce cost significantly; Add an amount of wide material sources and lower-cost plant ash simultaneously, when further reducing cost, made fertilizer possess the effect of prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
Embodiment
Further specify through the preparation of specific embodiment below slow release type trace element fertilizer of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1) 50 parts by weight of acrylic acid is placed container, add 350 parts by weight of deionized water and stir, reconcile pH value, make the system pH value about 7.0 with Pottasium Hydroxide;
2) take by weighing the dry natural sheep excrement of 30 weight parts, it is ground into 100 purpose powder;
3) with step 2) the sheep excrement powder that makes adds in the solution that step 1 makes, and adds urea 60 weight parts again, and logical nitrogen high-speed stirring is 30 minutes after the Secondary ammonium phosphate 10-15 weight part stirring and dissolving;
4) with the solution of step 3 under the pressure of 0.03 Mpa, be heated to 65 ° of C gelatinizations 20 minutes;
5) add 1.0 weight part persulfuric acid sylvite, add 1.0 weight part S-WATs, after stirring, add linking agent N, existing alkene acid amides 0.5 weight part of N '-methylene-bis, polymerization when temperature is 50 ℃, polymerization time is 1 hour, obtains the crosslinking polymerization product;
6) the crosslinking polymerization product that step 5 is obtained is moved in the open container; Add an amount of solution; Said solution contains the calcium of 0.5 weight part, the magnesium of 0.2 weight part, the iron of 0.4 weight part, the boron of 0.1 weight part, the zinc of 0.05 weight part, the molybdenum of 0.25 weight part, the indolylacetic acid of 0.0008 weight part, the choline chloride 60 of 0.6 weight part, the amino acid of 0.1 weight part, 0.7 part alkyl sodium sulfonate, fully stirs after 10 minutes and leaves standstill 2 hours;
7) be moved in the baking oven after the product taking-up with step 6),, be placed in the baking oven with absolute ethanol washing again,, pulverize in 70 ℃ of oven dry with anhydrous methanol dehydration 2 times;
8) plant ash with 10 weight parts adds the meal A that step 7) obtains, and stirs after the mixing, obtains the finished product.
Embodiment 2
1) 80 parts by weight of acrylic acid is placed container, add 350 parts by weight of deionized water and stir, reconcile pH value, make the system pH value about 7.0 with Pottasium Hydroxide;
2) take by weighing the dry natural sheep excrement of 50 weight parts, it is ground into 100 purpose powder;
3) with step 2) the sheep excrement powder that makes adds in the solution that step 1 makes, and adds urea 90 weight parts again, and logical nitrogen high-speed stirring is 30 minutes after the Secondary ammonium phosphate 15 weight part stirring and dissolving;
4) with the solution of step 3 under the pressure of 0.05 Mpa, be heated to 65 ° of C gelatinizations 20 minutes;
5) add oxygenant persulfuric acid sylvite 1.0 weight parts, add reductive agent S-WAT 1.0 weight parts, after stirring; Add linking agent N, existing alkene acid amides 0.5 weight part of N '-methylene-bis, polymerization when temperature is 60 ℃; Polymerization time is 1 hour, obtains the crosslinking polymerization product;
6) the crosslinking polymerization product that step 5 is obtained is moved in the open container; Add an amount of solution; Said solution contains the calcium of 1.2 weight parts, the magnesium of 1.5 weight parts, the iron of 0.8 weight part, the boron of 0.3 weight part, the zinc of 0.25 weight part, the molybdenum of 0.4 weight part, the indolylacetic acid of 0.0025 weight part, the choline chloride 60 of 0.8 weight part, the amino acid of 0.2 weight part, 0.9 part alkyl sodium sulfonate, fully stirs after 10 minutes and leaves standstill 2 hours;
7) be moved in the baking oven after the product taking-up with step 6),, be placed in the baking oven with absolute ethanol washing again,, pulverize in 70 ℃ of oven dry with anhydrous methanol dehydration 2 times;
8) plant ash with 15 weight parts adds the meal A that step 7) obtains, and stirs after the mixing, obtains the finished product.
The water retention property of the slow release type trace element fertilizer through gained of the present invention is good; The biological and chemical good stability is a base-material with natural sheep excrement simultaneously, has kept effective nutritive ingredient of sheep excrement; Enlarged the resources effective utilization; And can reduce cost significantly, added the agricultural streptomycin that can bring into play germicidal action with the slowly-releasing composition simultaneously, make fertilizer possess the effect of prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
Claims (1)
1. a slow release fertilizer that can be used for fruit tree is characterized in that, comprises following composition:
The 50-80 parts by weight of acrylic acid; The dry natural sheep excrement of 30-50 weight part; Urea 60-90 weight part; Secondary ammonium phosphate 10-15 weight part, the molybdenum of the boron of the magnesium of the calcium of 0.5-1.2 weight part, 0.2-1.5 weight part, the iron of 0.4-0.8 weight part, 0.1-0.3 weight part, the zinc of 0.05-0.25 weight part, 0.25-0.4 weight part, the plant ash of 10-15 weight part, the amino acid of 0.1-0.2 weight part, the alkyl sodium sulfonate of 0.7-0.9 part, and make according to following steps:
1) the 50-80 parts by weight of acrylic acid is placed container, add 350 parts by weight of deionized water and stir, reconcile pH value, make the system pH value about 7.0 with Pottasium Hydroxide;
2) take by weighing the dry natural sheep excrement of 30-50 weight part, it is ground into 100 purpose powder;
3) with step 2) the sheep excrement powder that makes adds in the solution that step 1 makes, and adds urea 60-90 weight part again, and logical nitrogen high-speed stirring is 30 minutes after the Secondary ammonium phosphate 10-15 weight part stirring and dissolving;
4) with the solution of step 3 under the pressure of 0.03-0.05 Mpa, be heated to 65 ° of C gelatinizations 20 minutes;
5) add oxygenant persulfuric acid sylvite 1.0 weight parts, add reductive agent S-WAT 1.0 weight parts, after stirring; Add linking agent N, existing alkene acid amides 0.5 weight part of N '-methylene-bis, polymerization when temperature is 50-60 ℃; Polymerization time is 1 hour, obtains the crosslinking polymerization product;
6) the crosslinking polymerization product that step 5 is obtained is moved in the open container; Add an amount of solution; Said solution contains the calcium of 0.5-1.2 weight part, the magnesium of 0.2-1.5 weight part, the iron of 0.4-0.8 weight part, the boron of 0.1-0.3 weight part, the zinc of 0.05-0.25 weight part, the molybdenum of 0.25-0.4 weight part, the amino acid of 0.1-0.2 weight part, the alkyl sodium sulfonate of 0.7-0.9 part, fully stirs after 10 minutes and leaves standstill 2 hours;
7) be moved in the baking oven after the product taking-up with step 6),, be placed in the baking oven with absolute ethanol washing again,, pulverize in 70 ℃ of oven dry with anhydrous methanol dehydration 2 times;
8) plant ash with the 10-15 weight part adds the meal A that step 7) obtains, and stirs after the mixing, obtains the finished product.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102701854A (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2012-10-03 | 徐亚红 | Preparation method for slow release fertilizer for fruit trees |
| CN103755443A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-30 | 当涂县科辉商贸有限公司 | Formula fertilizer special for fruit tree and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104291943A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-01-21 | 王文庭 | Apple tree planting controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1371892A (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2002-10-02 | 吉林大学 | Preparation for organic high water absorption and permeation resistant fertilizer |
| CN101113119A (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-01-30 | 中国农业大学 | Water-conserving fertilizer and method for preparing same |
| US20090312183A1 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2009-12-17 | Hirotama Fujimaru | Particulate water absorbing agent and production method thereof |
| CN101838171A (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2010-09-22 | 山东大学 | Straw-based amphoteric liquid manure controlled-release agent and application thereof |
| CN102010274A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-04-13 | 周志勇 | Balanced slow-release fertilizer |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1371892A (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2002-10-02 | 吉林大学 | Preparation for organic high water absorption and permeation resistant fertilizer |
| US20090312183A1 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2009-12-17 | Hirotama Fujimaru | Particulate water absorbing agent and production method thereof |
| CN101113119A (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-01-30 | 中国农业大学 | Water-conserving fertilizer and method for preparing same |
| CN101838171A (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2010-09-22 | 山东大学 | Straw-based amphoteric liquid manure controlled-release agent and application thereof |
| CN102010274A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-04-13 | 周志勇 | Balanced slow-release fertilizer |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102701854A (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2012-10-03 | 徐亚红 | Preparation method for slow release fertilizer for fruit trees |
| CN103755443A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-30 | 当涂县科辉商贸有限公司 | Formula fertilizer special for fruit tree and preparation method thereof |
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