CN102702443B - Sustained release microelement fertilizer for controlling plant diseases and insect pests - Google Patents
Sustained release microelement fertilizer for controlling plant diseases and insect pests Download PDFInfo
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- CN102702443B CN102702443B CN201210188065.4A CN201210188065A CN102702443B CN 102702443 B CN102702443 B CN 102702443B CN 201210188065 A CN201210188065 A CN 201210188065A CN 102702443 B CN102702443 B CN 102702443B
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Abstract
The invention relates to sustained release microelement fertilizer for controlling plant diseases and insect pests. The sustained release microelement fertilizer comprises 50 to 80 weight parts of acrylic acid, 30 to 50 weight parts of natural dried sheep manure, 60 to 90 weight parts of urea, 10 to 15 weight parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 to 1.2 weight parts of calcium, 0.2 to 1.5 weigh parts of magnesium, 0.4 to 0.8 weight part of ferrum, 0.1 to 0.3 weight part of boron, 0.05 to 0.25 weight part of zinc, 0.25 to 0.4 weight part of molybdenum, 0.07 to 0.09 weight part of streptomycin, 0.1 to 0.2 weight part of amino acid and 0.7 to 0.9 weight part of alkyl sodium sulfonate. The sustained release microelement fertilizer has the advantages of high water retention capacity and biological and chemical stability, complete function of adjusting the growth and development of crop, good effect, environment-friendliness, and effect of controlling plant diseases and insect pests, and cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to super absorbent resin field, be specifically related to a kind of micro-fertilizer of slowly-releasing that is suitable for preventing disease and pest.
Background technology
Trace element zinc, boron, copper, manganese, molybdenum, iron etc. enter agricultural production system as plant nutrition essential element with the form of fertilizer, start from 20～thirties of 20th century, with regard to world wide, from 60～seventies of 20th century, being applied to big area produces, be an emerging field, develop very fast.Over nearly 20 years, use area also in continuous expansion.China's impact of trace element on growth and development of plants that begin one's study from the forties in 20th century.Microelement contents of soil and form thereof begin one's study the 1950's.The application aborning of micro-fertilizer, in succession discovery begin one's study the sixties in 20th century: soybean is used molydbenum fertilizer increase yield significantly; Soil lacking boron, rape flower and unreal, the cotton base of a fruit and not spending; Soil zinc deficiency, rice anisopliae is sat the root and stem of certain plants, the grey seedling of corn; Specific aim is executed zinc, boron fertilizer, increases production extremely significantly, has greatly promoted micro-fertile application.Since 20 century 70s, the research of China's trace element fertilizer and application obtain more all-round developing.The first, generally carry out the investigation of content of soil trace element, result shows that soil lacking boron area is many more than 40%, lacks zinc area many more than 20%, manganese deficiency, iron deficiency, lacks long-pending 10%, 5%, 1% left and right that is respectively of copper face.Second, extensively carry out field efficiency test, obtain micro-fertile application technique and effect of increasing production thereof, particularly paddy rice, the corn of nearly 30 kinds of crops (grain, cotton, oil, really, vegetables Lay, special product etc.) and execute zinc, cotton, oily Lay are executed the application technique specification of boron and are applied at national model Spread in China.The 3rd, start to inquire on utility theory, having set forth red soil, terra calcis, cinnamon soil, black earth, brown earth, purple soil etc. fixes the absorption of zinc, the feature that desorb discharges, discuss boron deficiency to cotton, oily Lay, sesame, sesame etc., lacked zinc to the plant nutritions such as wheat, corn, tomato and the impact of growing.The 4th, micro-fertilizer such as zinc, boron, manganese, copper are used area steady-state growth, increase every year on average 1000 ten thousand mu, have reached 100,000,000 mu the nineties in 20th century, reach 200,000,000 mu 20 end of the centurys, further bring huge benefit to agriculture production.Since entering 21 century, China, on the basis of single trace element fertilizer research application, has carried out again trace element and macroelement, and between trace element and research and application large, secondary and micro-element fertilizers.
China is a large agricultural country, and agricultural is the basis of national economy, is the Primary Industry that cannot replace.Modern agriculture is taking low input, high production, high-level efficiency and Sustainable development as feature.And closely-related chemical fertilizer industry and water resources are utilized the important substance basis of modern agricultural production and development especially therewith.Chemical fertilizer occupies an important position in agriculture production.Estimate according to Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO (FAO), in the volume increase of developing country's grain, wherein 55% effect from chemical fertilizer.But due to factors such as volatilization, loss, infiltrations, in this season utilization ratio of China's chemical fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer is about 30-35% at present, and phosphate fertilizer is about 10-25%, and potash fertilizer is 35-50%, well below developed country's level.Low utilization rate of fertilizer not only causes huge financial loss, but also can cause serious environmental pollution, the eutrophication of for example water body, and farmland nitrogen is overflowed on the particularly impact etc. of ozonosphere of atmospheric layer, and then the health of human body has been formed to very large threat.Therefore, improve the utilization ratio of fertilizer, alleviate its pollution to environment, develop sustainable high-efficiency agriculture and become the common problem of paying close attention in various countries.
Dry early lack of water is restriction China's agricultural development and the important factor of accelerating desertification of land.The statistical information relevant according to country show, China's Desertification Soil area 262.2 ten thousand km', account for 27.4% of territory total area, and the direct economic loss causing because of desertification every year reaches 54,000,000,000 yuan.The big area situation that No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity often occurs in a lot of areas.China's agricultural water accounts for 80% left and right of water resources consumption, but global water resources crisis makes Irrigation farming also must walk the evolutionary path of water conservation water saving.Therefore, improving Farmland Water utilization ratio is the central task of China's agricultural.
In recent years, in soil with water-absorbing polymer especially High hydrophilous resin improve the nutrition of plant and water regime oneself through causing people's extensive concern.Research is found, in agricultural, use water-absorbing polymer for improvement soil physical properties, promote seed germination and emerge, improve seedling surviving rate, to reduce plant all very potential to the needs of irrigating, many-side such as raising plant recovery of nutrient etc., and be widely applied, the actual popularization of High hydrophilous resin also lacks very much.Major cause is as follows: the one, and synthesizing super absorbent resin is on the high side; Another one major cause is function singleness, is difficult to meet many-sided demand of plant nutrition.
High hydrophilous resin is the macromole that a class contains hydrophilic radical and crosslinking structure, is made the earliest by the starch-grafted polyacrylonitrile of the employings such as Fanta through saponification again.Press raw material and divide, have starch-series (grafts, carboxymethylation etc.), cellulose-based (carboxymethylation, grafts etc.), several large classes of synthesized polymer system (polyacrylic, polyethenol series, polyoxyethylene system etc.).Wherein polyacrylic High hydrophilous resin, compared with starch-series and cellulose-based comparing, has the series of advantages such as production cost is low, technique is simple, production efficiency is high, water-retaining capacity is strong, shelf life of products is long, becomes the study hotspot in current this field.During world's High hydrophilous resin is produced at present, polyacrylic accounts for 80%.
High hydrophilous resin is generally the polymer electrolyte that contains hydrophilic radical and crosslinking structure.Before water suction, macromolecular chain is drawn close tangle up mutually, is cross-linked to each other and reticulates structure, thereby reach on the whole fastening.While contact with water, water molecules is penetrated in resin by wicking action and diffusion, and the ionizing group on chain ionizes in water.Because the electrostatic repulsion between homo-ion on chain makes macromolecular chain stretching, extension swelling.Due to electric neutrality requirement, gegenion can not move to resin outside, the poor formation reverse osmotic pressure of ionic concn between the solution of resin inside and outside.Water further enters in resin under the effect of reverse osmotic pressure, forms hydrogel.Meanwhile, the cross-linked structure of resin itself and hydrogen bond action, limited again the unlimited expansion of gel.In the time containing a small amount of salt in water, reverse osmotic pressure reduces, and simultaneously due to the shielding effect of gegenion, macromolecular chain is shunk, and causes the water-retaining capacity of resin greatly to decline.Conventionally only 1/10 left and right in deionized water of the water-retaining capacity of High hydrophilous resin in 0.9% NaCl solution.Water suction and water conservation are two aspects of a problem, and Lin Runxiong etc. have carried out Thermodynamic Discussion to this.Under certain temperature and pressure, High hydrophilous resin can spontaneously absorb water, and water enters in resin, the free enthalpy of whole system is reduced, until balance.If water is overflowed from resin, free enthalpy is raise, be unfavorable for the stable of system.Differential thermal analysis shows, the water that High hydrophilous resin absorbs more than C still has 50% to be enclosed in gel network at 150 °.Therefore, even exert pressure under normal temperature, water also can not overflowed from High hydrophilous resin, and this is to be determined by the thermodynamic property of High hydrophilous resin.
Although the exploitation of High hydrophilous resin only have the history of more than 30 year, its development is very noticeable.No matter be that research or the application of synthesizing aspect studied very active, existing starch based, as starch grafted acrylate etc., synthetic class, as polyacrylate, cellulose family etc., polymerized form has aqueous solution polymerization, inverse suspension polymerization etc., and the form of product has Powdered, pearl, membranaceous and fibrous etc.
Application agriculturally, because High hydrophilous resin cost is high, seriously hinder the application of High hydrophilous resin, numerous domestic scientific worker is doing a large amount of work aspect reduction High hydrophilous resin cost, but mainly concentrating in polymerization system, most work adds as wilkinite, the cheap materials such as the inorganic soil such as kaolin and Attapulgite mineral, reach the object reducing costs, can improve the hydrogel intensity after water-keeping material water suction although add some inorganic mineral, but the High hydrophilous resin soil addition that performance is good is lower, can not fundamentally reduce raw materials cost.Product function only has the water suction the same with common water-absorbing resin, releases water function in addition, lacks trophic function.
Publication number is that the application for a patent for invention of CN101113119A discloses a kind of water keeping fertilizer and preparation method thereof, it is mixing super absorbent resin composite making with sequestrant, provide some nutritive ingredients by sequestrant, and this method has no idea to reduce the tooling cost of super absorbent resin, add various composition finished products further to improve the cost of manufacturing simultaneously, and the imbalance of microelement match in this fertilizer is unbalanced, is difficult to play good effect of fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of micro-fertilizer of slowly-releasing that is suitable for preventing disease and pest;
The present invention has adopted following technical scheme: be suitable for preventing the micro-fertilizer of slowly-releasing of disease and pest, it is characterized in that, comprise following composition:
50-80 parts by weight of acrylic acid, the dry natural sheep excrement of 30-50 weight part, urea 60-90 weight part, Secondary ammonium phosphate 10-15 weight part, the zinc of the iron of the calcium of 0.5-1.2 weight part, the magnesium of 0.2-1.5 weight part, 0.4-0.8 weight part, the boron of 0.1-0.3 weight part, 0.05-0.25 weight part, the molybdenum of 0.25-0.4 weight part, the agricultural streptomycin of 0.07-0.09 weight part, the amino acid of 0.1-0.2 weight part, the alkyl sodium sulfonate of 0.7-0.9 part, and make according to following steps:
1) 50-80 parts by weight of acrylic acid is placed in to container, adds 350 parts by weight of deionized water to stir, by potassium hydroxide adjusting pH value, make system pH in 7.0 left and right;
2) take the dry natural sheep excrement of 30-50 weight part, be ground into 100 object powder;
3) by step 2) the sheep excrement powder that makes adds in the solution that step 1 makes, then adds urea 60-90 weight part, logical nitrogen high-speed stirring 30 minutes after Secondary ammonium phosphate 10-15 weight part stirring and dissolving;
4) by the solution of step 3) under the pressure of 0.03-0.05 MPa, be heated to 65 ° of C gelatinizations 20 minutes;
5) add oxygenant persulfuric acid sylvite 1.0 weight parts, add reductive agent S-WAT 1.0 weight parts, after stirring, add linking agent N, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide 0.5 weight part, polymerization in the time that temperature is 50-60 DEG C, polymerization time is 1 hour, obtains crosslinking polymerization product;
6) crosslinking polymerization product step 5) being obtained is moved in open container, add appropriate solution, described solution, containing the calcium of 0.5-1.2 weight part, the magnesium of 0.2-1.5 weight part, the iron of 0.4-0.8 weight part, the boron of 0.1-0.3 weight part, the zinc of 0.05-0.25 weight part, the molybdenum of 0.25-0.4 weight part, the amino acid of 0.1-0.2 weight part, the alkyl sodium sulfonate of 0.7-0.9 part, fully stirs after 10 minutes and leaves standstill 2 hours;
7) product that will step 6) be moved in baking oven after taking out, and with anhydrous methanol dehydration 2 times, then be placed in baking oven with absolute ethanol washing, in 70 DEG C of oven dry, pulverize, and obtain meal A;
8) the meal A that adds step 7) to obtain the agricultural streptomycin of 0.07-0.09 weight part, stirs after mixing, obtains the finished product.
The nutrient content of sheep excrement and character: moisturely in sheep excrement be divided into 65.5%, organic 31.4%, nitrogen is 0.65%, and phosphorus is 0.47%, and potassium is 0.23%.Sheep excrement is of close texture and is dried, and nutriment in a fertilizer is dense, and nutrient content is high, and sheep excrement itself is also a kind of good water-retaining agent.The present invention is taking vinylformic acid, sheep excrement powder as base material, and the persulfuric acid sylvite of employing is as oxygenant, and S-WAT is as reductive agent, N, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide, adopts redox initiation system, polymerization under logical condition of nitrogen gas, and after manufacturing procedure, obtain crosslinking polymerization product; In this fertilizer, contain various trace elements and suitable proportioning, wherein alkyl sodium sulfonate has good tackiness to the Foliage Absorption of food crop simultaneously, promotes the stomatal opening of blade cell, has improved the effect that absorbs nutrition; The meta-bolites that agricultural streptomycin produces for actinomycetes, fungicidal spectrum is wide, particularly better to various bacterial disease effect, and fungi is also had to preventive and therapeutic effect, has systemic action, can be penetrated in plant materials, and be transmitted to other positions.To people, animal low toxicity, also very little to fish and hydrobiont toxicity.Be mainly used in spraying, also can fill with root and seed soaking sterilization etc., and agricultural streptomycin sterilization effect be slower than the lethal process of chemical pesticide, is suitable for early prevention and treatment, therefore can spray at disease and pest early period of origination, and have an effect for a long time together with slow release fertilizer.
Slow release type trace element fertilizer prepared by the present invention has improved water absorbent rate to a great extent, after meeting water, can expand rapidly, in salt solution, improve water-intake rate, in the rainy season of northwest arid area, compound water retaining agent in fertilizer can drink up the rain, and can long time retaining water content validity after water suction, makes it to be stored in soil, improve soil moisture utilization ratio, for plant provides guarantee.The soil erosion of having avoided the eluviation of rainwater to bring, has also avoided fertilizer to run off in a large number, has improved utilization rate of fertilizer, for plant provides guarantee in the long growing nutrient demand of arid season.After agricultural, especially, in the Northwest of drought and water shortage, use this product, the effect that can effectivelyly play water suction, water conservation, soil moisture conservation, nutrition, slowly-releasing, take root, urge root and improvement Soil structure.
The water retention property of the slow release type trace element fertilizer of preparing by the present invention is good, biological and chemical good stability, the function that regulating crop growth is grown is more complete, effect is better, simultaneously taking natural sheep excrement as base-material, retain effective nutritive ingredient of sheep excrement, expanded effective utilization of resource, and can significantly reduce costs, add the agricultural streptomycin that can bring into play with slowly-releasing composition germicidal action simultaneously, made fertilizer possess the effect of prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the preparation of slow release type trace element fertilizer of the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
1) 50 parts by weight of acrylic acid are placed in to container, add 350 parts by weight of deionized water to stir, by potassium hydroxide adjusting pH value, make system pH in 7.0 left and right;
2) take the dry natural sheep excrement of 30 weight parts, be ground into 100 object powder;
3) by step 2) the sheep excrement powder that makes adds in the solution that step 1 makes, then adds urea 60 weight parts, logical nitrogen high-speed stirring 30 minutes after Secondary ammonium phosphate 10-15 weight part stirring and dissolving;
4) by the solution of step 3) under the pressure of 0.03 MPa, be heated to 65 ° of C gelatinizations 20 minutes;
5) add 1.0 weight part persulfuric acid sylvite, add 1.0 weight part S-WATs, after stirring, add linking agent N, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide 0.5 weight part, polymerization in the time that temperature is 50 DEG C, polymerization time is 1 hour, obtains crosslinking polymerization product;
6) crosslinking polymerization product step 5) being obtained is moved in open container, add appropriate solution, described solution, containing the calcium of 0.5 weight part, the magnesium of 0.2 weight part, the iron of 0.4 weight part, the boron of 0.1 weight part, the zinc of 0.05 weight part, the molybdenum of 0.25 weight part, the indolylacetic acid of 0.0008 weight part, the choline chloride 60 of 0.6 weight part, the amino acid of 0.1 weight part, the alkyl sodium sulfonate of 0.7 part, fully stirs after 10 minutes and leaves standstill 2 hours;
7) product that will step 6) be moved in baking oven after taking out, and with anhydrous methanol dehydration 2 times, then be placed in baking oven with absolute ethanol washing, in 70 DEG C of oven dry, pulverize, and obtain meal A;
8) the meal A that adds step 7) to obtain the agricultural streptomycin of 0.07 weight part, stirs after mixing, obtains the finished product.
Embodiment 2
1) 80 parts by weight of acrylic acid are placed in to container, add 350 parts by weight of deionized water to stir, by potassium hydroxide adjusting pH value, make system pH in 7.0 left and right;
2) take the dry natural sheep excrement of 50 weight parts, be ground into 100 object powder;
3) by step 2) the sheep excrement powder that makes adds in the solution that step 1 makes, then adds urea 90 weight parts, logical nitrogen high-speed stirring 30 minutes after Secondary ammonium phosphate 15 weight part stirring and dissolving;
4) by the solution of step 3) under the pressure of 0.05 MPa, be heated to 65 ° of C gelatinizations 20 minutes;
5) add oxygenant persulfuric acid sylvite 1.0 weight parts, add reductive agent S-WAT 1.0 weight parts, after stirring, add linking agent N, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide 0.5 weight part, polymerization in the time that temperature is 60 DEG C, polymerization time is 1 hour, obtains crosslinking polymerization product;
6) crosslinking polymerization product step 5) being obtained is moved in open container, add appropriate solution, described solution, containing the calcium of 1.2 weight parts, the magnesium of 1.5 weight parts, the iron of 0.8 weight part, the boron of 0.3 weight part, the zinc of 0.25 weight part, the molybdenum of 0.4 weight part, the indolylacetic acid of 0.0025 weight part, the choline chloride 60 of 0.8 weight part, the amino acid of 0.2 weight part, the alkyl sodium sulfonate of 0.9 part, fully stirs after 10 minutes and leaves standstill 2 hours;
7) product that will step 6) be moved in baking oven after taking out, and with anhydrous methanol dehydration 2 times, then be placed in baking oven with absolute ethanol washing, in 70 DEG C of oven dry, pulverize, and obtain meal A;
8) the meal A that adds step 7) to obtain the agricultural streptomycin of 0.09 weight part, stirs after mixing, obtains the finished product.
The water retention property of the slow release type trace element fertilizer by gained of the present invention is good, biological and chemical good stability, simultaneously taking natural sheep excrement as base-material, retain effective nutritive ingredient of sheep excrement, expand effective utilization of resource, and can significantly reduce costs, added the agricultural streptomycin that can bring into play with slowly-releasing composition germicidal action simultaneously, make fertilizer possess the effect of prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
Claims (1)
1. the micro-fertilizer of slowly-releasing that is suitable for preventing disease and pest, is characterized in that, comprises following composition:
50-80 parts by weight of acrylic acid, the dry natural sheep excrement of 30-50 weight part, urea 60-90 weight part, Secondary ammonium phosphate 10-15 weight part, the zinc of the iron of the calcium of 0.5-1.2 weight part, the magnesium of 0.2-1.5 weight part, 0.4-0.8 weight part, the boron of 0.1-0.3 weight part, 0.05-0.25 weight part, the molybdenum of 0.25-0.4 weight part, the agricultural streptomycin of 0.07-0.09 weight part, the amino acid of 0.1-0.2 weight part, the alkyl sodium sulfonate of 0.7-0.9 part, and make according to following steps:
1) 50-80 parts by weight of acrylic acid is placed in to container, adds 350 parts by weight of deionized water to stir, by potassium hydroxide adjusting pH value, make system pH 7.0;
2) take the dry natural sheep excrement of 30-50 weight part, be ground into 100 object powder;
3) by step 2) the sheep excrement powder that makes adds in the solution that step 1 makes, then adds urea 60-90 weight part, logical nitrogen high-speed stirring 30 minutes after Secondary ammonium phosphate 10-15 weight part stirring and dissolving;
4) by the solution of step 3) under the pressure of 0.03-0.05 MPa, be heated to 65 ° of C gelatinizations 20 minutes;
5) add oxygenant persulfuric acid sylvite 1.0 weight parts, add reductive agent S-WAT 1.0 weight parts, after stirring, add linking agent N, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide 0.5 weight part, polymerization in the time that temperature is 50-60 DEG C, polymerization time is 1 hour, obtains crosslinking polymerization product;
6) crosslinking polymerization product step 5) being obtained is moved in open container, add appropriate solution, described solution, containing the calcium of 0.5-1.2 weight part, the magnesium of 0.2-1.5 weight part, the iron of 0.4-0.8 weight part, the boron of 0.1-0.3 weight part, the zinc of 0.05-0.25 weight part, the molybdenum of 0.25-0.4 weight part, the amino acid of 0.1-0.2 weight part, the alkyl sodium sulfonate of 0.7-0.9 part, fully stirs after 10 minutes and leaves standstill 2 hours;
7) product that will step 6) be moved in baking oven after taking out, and with anhydrous methanol dehydration 2 times, then be placed in baking oven with absolute ethanol washing, in 70 DEG C of oven dry, pulverize, and obtain meal A;
8) the meal A that adds step 7) to obtain the agricultural streptomycin of 0.07-0.09 weight part, stirs after mixing, obtains the finished product.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210188065.4A CN102702443B (en) | 2012-06-08 | 2012-06-08 | Sustained release microelement fertilizer for controlling plant diseases and insect pests |
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| CN201210188065.4A CN102702443B (en) | 2012-06-08 | 2012-06-08 | Sustained release microelement fertilizer for controlling plant diseases and insect pests |
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| CN102702443B true CN102702443B (en) | 2014-07-23 |
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| CN102674983A (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2012-09-19 | 杨晓锋 | Preparation method for sustained-release microelement fertilizer for controlling plant diseases and insect pests |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1361090A (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2002-07-31 | 广东工业大学 | Drought-resisting water-maintaining multifunctional compoiste fertilizer and its production process |
| CN1371892A (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2002-10-02 | 吉林大学 | Preparation for organic high water absorption and permeation resistant fertilizer |
| CN101113119B (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2010-12-01 | 中国农业大学 | Water-conserving fertilizer and method for preparing same |
| DE102010005363A1 (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2011-07-28 | Oelschläger, Andreas, Dr., 45661 | Particulate, water-, nutrients- and microorganisms absorbing carbon based storage material with enhanced specific surface, useful e.g. for stabilizing slopes and in flower and plant breeding, comprises organic and inorganic additives |
| CN102010274A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-04-13 | 周志勇 | Balanced slow-release fertilizer |
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