CN102657010B - Mountain sand type tobacco-vegetable floating-seedling combined medium - Google Patents
Mountain sand type tobacco-vegetable floating-seedling combined medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN102657010B CN102657010B CN2012101400676A CN201210140067A CN102657010B CN 102657010 B CN102657010 B CN 102657010B CN 2012101400676 A CN2012101400676 A CN 2012101400676A CN 201210140067 A CN201210140067 A CN 201210140067A CN 102657010 B CN102657010 B CN 102657010B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mountain sand type tobacco-vegetable floating-seedling combined medium, which is a composition prepared by mixing the following materials in parts by weight: mountain sand and saw powder in a ratio of 2: 0. 8-1.2, wherein the mud content of the mountain sand is less than 15%, the particle size is less than 2 mm, the moisture content is less than 5%, and the PH value is 6-7.5; the saw powder is prepared from fir, pine, birch, oak or cedar; and 10 days before the mountain sand and the saw powder are combined, an operation of sterilization is performed so as to kill harmful germs. According to the invention, tobacco seedlings cultivated by using the floating-seedling combined medium as a substitute for a turf type tobacco seedling medium are uniform in size, green in leaf color, extensive in root system, delicate and pretty, disease-free, and resilient in stems, therefore, compared with the existing turf type medium, the effect of the floating-seedling combined medium is better; the mountain sand is naturally weathered mountain sand, so that the mountain sand is wide in source, and convenient to take, therefore, the cost of the floating-seedling combined medium only accounts for 20% of that of the turf type medium; and the floating-seedling combined medium is easy to assemble. Therefore, the promotion and application of the medium disclosed by the invention not only can reduce the cost of seedling, but also avoids the exploitation on turf resources, thereby being beneficial for environmental protection; and meanwhile, the floating-seedling combined medium disclosed by the invention can also be widely used as a seedling medium for solanaceae vegetables such as tomatoes, eggplants, and chili peppers.
Description
Technical field the present invention is a kind of mountain sandbox tobacco vegetables floating seedlings composite substrate.
The traditional tobacco seedling operation of background technology is generally: in seedling-cultivating tray, put culture matrix, program request seed, by seedling-cultivating tray put educate pond floating, emerge after seedling management, throw seedling, hardening, transplanting.Traditional tobacco seedling medium is to take the peat composed of rotten mosses (claiming again peat, peat composed of rotten mosses etc.) as main mostly, be equipped with again the light inorganic material of proper proportion, as vermiculite, fine perlite etc. is made combined material, use once Second Year afterwards just cannot reuse, cause certain wasting of resources.Peat is from the bottom sediment deposit of marsh, freshwater lake, weather, ecotope to the earth play important regulating action, be known as the kidney of the earth, if exploit without limit this resource that is difficult to regeneration, will destroy the balance of weather and the ecosystem, to the environment of people's existence, make serious impact.In order to reduce, until eliminate the exploitation of peat resource, the conservation of nature environment, be necessary to research and develop emerging seedling matrix material conscientiously.On the other hand, peat composed of rotten mosses type matrix cost under prior art and economic condition is higher, and the inconvenience of drawing materials is unfavorable for the raising of tobacco grower, vegetable grower's economic benefit.
Summary of the invention the objective of the invention is the problem and shortage existed for peat composed of rotten mosses type seedling medium, a kind of mountain sandbox tobacco vegetables floating seedlings composite substrate is proposed, to substitute peat composed of rotten mosses type matrix, the quality that this substituted type matrix has be emerge that neat, seedling strengthens, draws materials that facility, source are sufficient, assembly easily, low production cost, and can Reusability, the quality of cultivation seedling is identical or more excellent with peat composed of rotten mosses type matrix.
This mountain sandbox tobacco vegetables floating seedlings composite substrate that the present invention proposes is characterized in that it is the following material composition that ratio mixes by weight:
Mountain sand: sawdust=2:0.8-1.2, described mountain is husky is less than 15% containing mud, and granularity is less than 2mm, and moisture is less than 5%, and pH value is between 6～7.5.
Take mountain sand: sawdust=2:1 is best.
The sawdust that sawdust is China fir, pine, birch, oak or cypress, sawdust should pile in advance seal one or two moon again with the husky assembly in mountain.
Conventional sterilization treatment is carried out in mountain sand and sawdust assembly in first 10 days, causes to kill the bacterium of falling ill, or within first 10 days, carries out conventional sterilization treatment at medium in tray.
The present invention is as the substitute of peat composed of rotten mosses type tobacco seedling medium, the cigarette seedling of cultivating size neat, the leaf look just green, well developed root system, delicate and pretty anosis, cane is rich in toughness, better with existing peat composed of rotten mosses type matrix contrast effect, mountain sand is weathering type mountain sand, husky identical or approximate with the mountain of architectural use, wide material sources, the facility of drawing materials, cost is only 20% left and right of peat composed of rotten mosses type matrix, and assembly is simple, and the husky exploitation in mountain is safe from harm to environment.Thereby, promote the use of the present invention and not only can reduce tobacco grower, cigarette enterprise and breed the cost of cigarette seedling, and avoided the exploitation to peat composed of rotten mosses resource fully, very favourable to environmental protection.
Except tobacco is grown seedlings, the present invention also can be widely used as the seedling medium of the solanaceous vegetables such as tomato, eggplant, capsicum.
Below with example, further illustrate good effect of the present invention.
Embodiment is grown seedlings as example with flue-cured tobacco MSK326 pelleted seed.By floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco in 2011; Floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco in 2010; Weathering mountain, somewhere, Area, Gejiu District, Yunnan Province city husky (clay content 11%), it is loose that hand is grabbed agglomerating rear relieving, moisture 5%, pH value 6～7.5; Local washing mountain sand; Cavings; Sawdust (metasequoia tree); Bagasse; 595 these materials of hole floating seedling tray carry out many group contrast experiments, to further illustrate good effect of the present invention.Wherein mountain sand, sawdust and bagasse screen through 3 eye mesh screens, use screenings.
The matrix in 2011 of take is contrast, and by matrix in 2010, mountain is husky mixed respectively cavings, sawdust and bagasse with the husky two kinds of husky bodies in washing mountain, according to the ratio of 2:1, does 7 processing, repeat for 3 times, and 24 experimental plots, comparative trial is carried out in the group arrangement of random district.
Contrast matrix (commercial goods in 2011.Formed by careless carbon, vermiculite, fine perlite etc., produced with goods and materials Co., Ltd by the Xun Dianxian of Yunnan Province gold leaf cigarette)
Process 1 2010 years matrix (commercial goods.Formed by careless carbon, vermiculite, fine perlite etc., produced by economic development zone, Luliang County, Yunnan Province)
Process 2 mountain sand: cavings=2:1
Process 3 washing mountain sand: cavings=2:1
Process 4 mountain sand: sawdust=2:1(error band is within 2:0.8-1.2)
Process 5 washing mountain sand: sawdust=2:1
Process 6 mountain sand: bagasse=2:1
Process 7 washing mountain sand: bagasse=2:1
The operation of growing seedlings comprises: sabot point seed, temperature and humidity management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, rich water quality management and daily management, carry out (being published in " rural area practical technique " 03 phase in 2005) according to the operation requirements of growing seedlings in " the few matrix floating seedlings technology of flue-cured tobacco ".These are the routine operation of existing flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating.
Owing to containing a small amount of fertility in matrix, and in husky body contained fertility a little less than, mountain sandbox matrix seedling growth rate is slower than peat composed of rotten mosses type matrix seedling, is throwing the seedling link, Sha Peimiao postpones to carry out in 4 days than matrix seedling.
Between whole nursery stage, to goods and materials cost (table 1), the situation of emerging (table 2), seedling situation (table 3), dry hole situation (table 4), the fertilising title is with quantity (table 5), primary growth stage (table 6) and become economical character in seedling stage (table 7) to do correlation study, and detailed recorded data.Result is as table 1-7.
Table 1 goods and materials cost (average single-deck)
Unit: kilogram, unit
Remarks: sawdust and bagasse belong to waste utilization, and the expense of generation is for please frock transporting
From the goods and materials analysis of growing seedlings, adopt the goods and materials cost of substrate seedling higher, and adopt the cost of husky cultivation seedling lower.Take the hut of growing seedlings as example, if educate a hut by new matrix in 2011, need 36.8 yuan of goods and materials costs, if adopt mountain sand: sawdust (2:1) is educated a hut, only need 7.6 yuan of goods and materials costs, the conventional substrate goods and materials cost of growing seedlings is husky 4.8 times of cultivating seedling.
From sabot weight, analyze.Because sabot weight is subject to filler and husky body moisture effects, when the shared volume of filler is large, average single-deck is lighter, does the processing of filler as bagasse; Otherwise, the shared volume hour of filler, average single-deck is heavier, does the processing of filler as cavings and sawdust.Although there are differences, the contrast with the processing between weight differential to sabot point seed without considerable influence.
Table 2 situation (February 19) of emerging
Table 2 finds out, owing to occurring the continuous low temperature of 4 days after a seed, emergence rate is totally on the low side, processes 4 seedling effects best.Contained 11.4% crude protein in cavings, after meeting water, the cavings fermentation is very fast, and the mustiness thing appears in top layer, becomes afterwards sticky thing, and after solar light irradiation, sticky thing dehydration becomes dry, and the shape that hardens appears in top layer, has a strong impact on and emerges.Secondly, mountain sand is compared with washing mountain sand, and the husky proportion in washing mountain is larger, and the phenomenon that hardens is husky heavier than mountain.Therefore, wash mountain sand with water and do the leaf emergence of husky body and of mountain sand, do not make the height of husky body, later stage cigarette strain root system does not have the prosperity of mountain sand yet.
Table 3 seedling situation (April 6)
Table 3 shows, seedling situation and emergence rate are proportional.
A situation arises for table 4 dry hole (February 19)
Table 4 shows to only have cavings to make the experiment generation dry hole phenomenon of filler.Because the dehydration of sticky thing becomes dry, the top layer dry hole shape that occurs hardening, the dry hole rate also increases.
Table 5 fertilising title and quantity (single canopy)
Unit: g
As can be seen from Table 5, due to husky body self fertility a little less than, the rear growing way of emerging is slow, therefore huskyly cultivates required fertilizer in seedling and compares with conventional peat composed of rotten mosses type substrate seedling, should improve fertile amount.From a seed to seedling, each hut applies 1200 gram nutrient solutions altogether, 3000 gram composite fertilizers and 3000 gram ammonium nitrates.In whole seedling raising process, with conventional peat composed of rotten mosses type substrate seedling, to compare, the husky seedling of cultivating enriches 500 grams, 650 grams and 650 gram ammonium nitrates after little cross phase, throwing Miao Houhe leaf-cutting for the second time.The supporting 2 bags of nutrient solutions of each single canopy (totally 1200 grams) in matrix.By calculating, a substrate seedling list canopy need drop into 14.91 yuan of chemical fertilizer, and a husky seedling list canopy of cultivating need drop into 23.44 yuan of chemical fertilizer, compares, and a husky training seedling hut is than 8.53 yuan of chemical fertilizer of the many inputs of conventional peat composed of rotten mosses type substrate seedling.
Table 6 primary growth stage record
Remarks: process 2 and process 3 because emergence rate is too low, later stage cigarette seedling lethality is high, is not investigated.
As seen from Table 6, because the test site seed time shifts to an earlier date than conventional seedbed system, after the some seed, the continuous low temperature of 4 days occurs, the seeding stage extends.But, under normal weather conditions, the seeding stage is not subject to ectocine.Contain a small amount of fertility in matrix, the matrix seedling is emerged early, and Sha Peimiao is emerged and postponed 4 days, and seedling and transplanting are postponed 2 days.
Table 7 husky training Floating seedling and conventional peat composed of rotten mosses type matrix economical character in seedling stage investigation result
Unit: cm, g/ strain
Remarks: process 2 and process 3 because emergence rate is too low, later stage cigarette seedling lethality is high, is not investigated.
Table 7 shows, height of seedling, stem are high, stem girth, root system and cauline leaf fresh weight are processed 4 and all be better than contrast and other processing.
On above-mentioned test result basis, applicant unit has enlarged practical range of the present invention, except using on flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating the sandbox levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance of this mountain, floating seedlings effect on the solanaceous vegetable crops such as capsicum, tomato, eggplant is obvious too, the Miao Qimiao that has that the cultivation seedling cultivated is same strengthens, and every economical character all is better than the characteristics that tradition is grown seedlings.
Sawdust be take China fir as main, by substituting the sawdust and the proterties of China fir on the economical character of floating seedlings gained cultivation seedling that experiment showed, pine, birch, oak or cypress, there is no significant difference.
The pH value of mountain sand arrives alkalescence for subacidity.Through the test of each batch, between pH value 6.5-7.5, result of the test is not obviously affected.So the present invention mountain used sand is not done any adjustment to its acid-base value, it is natural acid-base value.
Claims (4)
1. a mountain sandbox tobacco vegetables floating seedlings composite substrate is characterized in that it is the following material composition that ratio mixes by weight:
Mountain sand: sawdust=2:0.8-1.2, described mountain is husky, and containing mud 11%, granularity is less than 2mm, and moisture is less than 5%, and pH value is between 6～7.5.
2. mountain sandbox tobacco vegetables floating seedlings composite substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that mountain sand: sawdust=2:1.
3. mountain sandbox tobacco vegetables floating seedlings composite substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that the sawdust that sawdust is China fir, pine, birch, oak or cypress, sawdust should pile in advance seal one or two moon again with the husky assembly in mountain.
4. mountain sandbox tobacco vegetables floating seedlings composite substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that the husky and sawdust assembly in mountain carries out conventional sterilization treatment in first 10 days, or within first 10 days, carry out conventional sterilization treatment at medium in tray.
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| CN103319251A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-25 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | Spent mushroom substrate tobacco seedling nursery substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN103601560A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-02-26 | 云南瑞升烟草技术（集团）有限公司 | Tobacco seedlings culturing matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN103739400B (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2016-06-29 | 谭飞鸿 | A kind of substrate of preserved vegetable non-soil culture |
| CN112042501A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-08 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Sand-containing seedling raising substrate and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN2325981Y (en) * | 1998-01-24 | 1999-06-30 | 云南省烟草大理州公司 | Flue-cured tobacco floating seedling-cutivation plate |
| CN2764138Y (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2006-03-15 | 汪湘流 | Floating seedling culturing dish for tobacco |
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| 程智敏，向金友.烤烟漂湿育苗锯末加黄砂基质技术规程.《宜宾科技》.2010,(第2期，总第127期),第21～22页. * |
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