CN102656706B - 用于具有双面电池的光伏模块的反射装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于由彼此间隔开的多个双面光伏电池(2)或所述电池的排形成的光伏模块的反射装置,每个电池(2)具有活性正面(20)和活性背面(21),它们可以捕获落到所述正面(20)和背面(21)的来自入射光线的光子。所述装置包含至少一个放置在电池(2)下的反射模块(4),其基本与分隔两个相邻电池(2)或两排相邻电池的间隙(22)对齐。反射模块(4)包含:第一部分(41),其面向间隙(22)的表面具有第一曲率以将全部或部分入射光子传送到电池(2)的背面(21);和安装在第一部分(41)上的第二部分(42),其面向间隙(22)的表面具有第二曲率以将全部或部分入射光子传送到电池(2)的背面(21),第二曲率与第一曲率不同。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于利用光伏电池产能领域。其更特别地涉及通过所述电池优化光子捕获。为此,本发明涉及用于具有双面电池的光伏模块的反射装置,其可以将光子通量导向所述电池的背面。
发明背景
一般而言,参照图1和2,光伏模块1由多个双面太阳能电池2形成,每个具有活性正面20和活性背面21,它们可以捕获落到所述正面和背面的来自入射光辐射的光子并且将它们转化成电能。这些电池在结构3中彼此间隔开,结构3由以下形成:入射辐射可透过且放置为与正面20相对的前板30、所述辐射可透过且放置为与背面21相对的后板31,以及密封组合件以提高耐受性并密封结构的框32。
因为由光伏模块产生的电能尤其依赖于入射光通量,所以通常将这些光伏模块放置在屋顶或将其作为屋顶的替代品来得益于最大亮度。因此结构的前板优选由具有高的透光系数且抵抗冲击和天气的透明材料制成。
此外,由于彼此间隔开地排列电池,所以光子可以通过分隔相邻电池的间隙穿过结构而不与电池相互作用。捕获这些损失的光子并将它们传送回电池的活性背面是改善捕获并从而提高光伏模块效率的方法。为了做到这点,可以将反射板放置为与电池背面相对。该反射板的表面特别配置有反射工具如镜子或折射工具如棱镜或透镜。
例如,文件US 6,410,843提出了使用连续反射板(即大小等于结构的后板的大小),其表面具有连续交替的突出和凹陷形式的不平坦衬片,以捕获损失的光子并且将它们传送回电池的背面。
类似地,文件US 5,994,641提出了用纹理化的膜覆盖反射板的表面,所述膜具有排列为与分隔相邻电池的间隙相对的升高部件,每个升高部件根据其相对于电池的位置具有不同的取向。
尽管这些方法确实允许损失的光子被传送回电池的背面,但是由光伏模块和反射板形成的组合件庞大、笨重、易损坏、昂贵且不是最优的。
在这种情况下,本发明的目的是提出没有至少一种上述缺陷的另一种反射装置。本发明的具体目的是通过提出可以优化损失光子的捕获并将它们送回电池的活性背面的方法,来提高光伏模块的效率。本发明的另一目的是提出更便宜且更轻便的方法。
发明内容
为此目的,本发明涉及用于由彼此间隔开的多个双面光伏电池形成的光伏模块的反射装置,每个电池具有活性正面和活性背面,它们可以捕获来自入射光线的落到所述正面和背面的光子。
根据本发明,反射装置包含放置在电池下方的至少一个反射模块,其基本与分隔相邻电池的间隙对齐,反射模块包括:
-第一部分,其面向分隔电池的间隙的表面具有第一曲率,以将全部或部分入射光子传送到电池的背面;和
-安装在第一部分上的第二部分,其面向间隙的表面具有第二曲率,以将全部或部分入射光子传送到电池的背面,第二曲率与第一曲率不同。
换言之,本发明的装置并非由放置在电池下的连续纹理化表面构成,而是包括放置为与分隔光伏模块之相邻电池的间隙相对的一个或更多个反射模块。每个反射模块包括堆叠的部分,每个所述部分具有不同的曲率以使全部或部分光子被导向电池的背面。
因此,损失的光子(尤其来自落入分隔电池的间隙的光线)到达反射模块的至少一个表面并且被传送回电池的背面,显著提高了电池活性背面的捕获,从而提高了相应光伏模块的效率。
有利的是,第一和第二曲率是凹面、凸面或平面。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,第一曲率是凸面(相对于入射辐射的方向)而且第二曲率是平面。例如,第一部分的横截面的形式可以是半球形的,第二部分的横截面的形状可以是三角形的。优选第一部分的底部比第二部分的底部更宽,以使落入分隔电池的间隙到达反射模块的第一或第二部分的光子被重新导向电池的背面。
例如,模块可以由金属(铝、不锈钢)或聚合物如PMMA制成。
当模块由非反射材料制成时,第一和第二部分的每一个的表面优选涂有反射或半反射材料。例如,反射材料可以是铝或银,或者铬。尤其有利的是对300至1200纳米波长获得高于80%的反射。
反射模块的反射表面可以通过沉积铬层或铝层获得,然后该层可以被入射辐射可透过的层保护,如氧化硅层(SiO2)。
有利的是,反射模块的第一和第二部分的每一个的表面还可以被具有选择性光谱行为的材料涂覆。例如,所述材料可以被红外线穿透而对其它波长有反射性。该方案的优势在于可以过滤一些光线。可以使用例如基于TiO2和SiO2的多层。
有利的是,反射模块的表面还可以被具有双功能透射-反射行为的材料涂覆。
根据本发明的另一实施方案,反射装置还包括添加所述反射模块的第一部分的支撑物,所述支撑物具有无反射模块的至少一个空置区域,所述空置区域涂覆有反射或半反射材料,他们可以将全部或部分入射光子传送回电池的背面和/或传送向至少一个反射模块。
在实践中,反射模块的表面可以是镜面而且所述区域可以涂覆有扩散材料。
根据本发明的另一实施方案,反射材料还包含插入所述反射模块支撑物和中间板之间的至少一个间隔物,电池的背面靠在所述中间板上。
优选地,所述中间板由可透射全部或部分入射光线的材料制成。例如,所述中间板由透明材料如玻璃制成。间隔物可以涂覆有反射材料。
有利的是,涂覆有反射模块的所述支撑物的区域由全部或部分入射辐射光子可透射的材料制成,例如透明或半透明材料。
在实践中,反射装置包含多个反射模块,将它们每个放置为与分隔相邻电池的间隙对齐,反射模块放置在所述支撑物上,两个相邻的反射模块由间隔物分隔。反射模块的表面可以涂覆有具有选择性光谱行为的材料,支撑物和中间板可由如玻璃的透明材料制成,间隔物和空置区域可以涂覆有反射膜。例如,每个反射模块可以与放置在支撑物之下的热回收装置相关联,以加热家用水或空气。
反射模块可以是放置为与分隔相邻两排光伏电池的间隙相对的分段。
本发明还涉及由结构形成光伏模块,所述结构中放置彼此分隔开的多个双面光伏电池,每个电池具有活性正面和活性背面,它们可以捕获落到所述正面和背面的来自入射光线的光子,所述结构由面向电池正面的透明前板、面向电池背面的透明后板以及密封前板和后板的框形成。本发明的光伏模块还包含如前所述的反射装置。
有利的是,其上放置反射模块的第一部分的支撑物由结构的后板形成。
附图说明
本发明的其他特征和优点从下文中参照附图以说明目的而非限制性给出的说明中更加清楚,在附图中:
-图1是一种光伏模块的平面示图;
-图2是图1的光伏模块沿AA’轴截取的横截面示图;
-图3是根据本发明的第一实施方案安装入光伏模块中的反射装置的部分横截面示图;
-图4是根据本发明的第二实施方案安装入光伏模块中的反射装置的部分横截面示图;
-图5是本发明另一实施方案的包含反射装置的光伏模块的正面的部分示图;
-图6是图5光伏模块的横截面示图;和
-图7是根据本发明另一实施方案的配置有热回收装置的光伏模块的横截面示图。
本发明实施方案的详细公开
光伏模块尤其包括多个光伏电池2,它们在结构3中彼此间隔地放置。每个双面电池具有活性正面20和活性背面21,以捕获来自入射光线的落在所述正面20和背面21上的光子,并将它们转化成电。结构3由以下形成:可透过入射辐射且放置为与正面20相对的前板30、可透过通过适当反射装置反射的辐射且放置为与背面21相对的后板31,以及用于密封组合件以提高耐受性并密封结构的框32。
由于间隙22分隔相邻电池2,所以来自入射光线的落入这些间隙22的光子不与电池2相互作用,因而损失了这些光子。为了将这些损失的光子传送回电池2的背面21,光伏模块包括反射装置,其尤其包括排布在电池2之下的多个反射模块4,其基本与分隔相邻电池2的间隙22对齐。每个反射模块4包含堆叠的2个部分41、42,每个所述部分能被反射或半反射材料涂覆,并且具有不同的曲率以使全部或部分光子可以被导向电池2的背面21。
如图3和4所示,反射模块4尤其包括:
-第一部分41,其面向间隙22的表面具有第一曲率,以将穿过间隙22的全部或部分入射光子传送到电池2的背面21,该曲率还能具有两个曲率中心;和
-安装在第一部分41上的第二部分42,其面向间隙22的表面具有第二曲率,以将全部或部分入射光子传送到电池2的背面21,第二曲率与第一曲率不同。
第一曲率相对于入射通量的方向可以是凸起的,因而第一部分的横截面为一个或两个半球的形式。此外,第二曲率可以是平面,而且第二部分的横截面为三角形。显然,第一部分41的底部优选比第二部分的底部更宽,从而使穿过间隙22到达反射模块4的第一和第二部分41、42表面的光子被导向电池2的后面21。
反射模块的第一和第二部分的每个表面涂覆有反射或半反射材料。例如,反射材料可以是铝、银或铬。
此外,电池2被放置在由透明材料如玻璃制成的中间板6上。反射模块4的部分放置在支撑物5上,所述支撑物可以由上述结构3的后板31构成,反射模块实际上位于支撑物5和中间板6之间。因此支撑物5具有无任何反射模块的空置区域50,其朝向电池2的背面。为了提高损失光子向电池2的背面21的反射,这些空置区域50涂覆有反射或扩散材料。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方案,如图5所示,每个反射模块为分段形式,并且与分隔电池2的两个相邻排2a、2b的间隙对齐。
如图3和6所示,间隔物7可介于中间板6和支撑物5之间以确保组合件结合和机械固定。间隔物优选与位于两个相邻反射模块之间的电池的背面相对,并且涂覆有反射材料。因此损失的光子在反射模块上反射,但也在间隔物和支撑物上反射,增加光子被传送回电池背面的可能性。
如图4所示,机械固定也可以由反射模块4提供,中间板6置于所述反射模块的第二部分的上部,然后通过机械手段固定在其边沿。
根据本发明的另一实施方案,参照图7,中间板和支撑物由透明材料如玻璃制成,并且支撑物的空置区域涂覆有反射材料。因此,设置有反射模块的区域是透明的,从而使一些光透过以照亮房间。
还可以用具有选择性光谱行为(例如透过红外线而反射其他波长)的材料涂覆每个反射模块的表面。用该滤光将至少一些反射模块与回收装置8相连,以加热水或空气。还可以用电致变色材料涂覆表面,该材料具有随施加的电流变化的穿透和反射两种功能。
显然,反射模块的形式优选是对称的,从而装置承载至少两个电池或并列电池的排,反射模块的几何参数尤其取决于光伏模块的构造(尤其是其大小、厚度)和分隔电池的间隙。
例如,在图3和4的反射模块的情况下,给出以下特征:
0.5G≤A≤G
G/5≤D≤0.5G
10°≤C≤35°
0.5B≤F≤2B
A≤B
其中:
-A表示分隔双面光伏电池的间隙;
-B表示反射模块底部的长度,
-G是电池的宽度;
-C是分隔反射模块上部或第二部分的会聚面的角度;
-F是反射模块的第一部分的曲率半径;和
-D是分隔支撑物和中间板的间隔物或间隙的高度。
从以上所述显然的是,本发明反射装置的特有结构尤其意味着更多的损失光子可以被送回到电池的背面,因而光伏模块的性能可以以直接、可容易地实现且不昂贵的方式显著提高。因此可以回收多于90%的入射光子。
本发明的方法还提供多用途模块的可能,其能经由热交换系统提供电和热两者。
Claims (11)
1.一种用于光伏模块(1)的反射装置,其中所述光伏模块(1)由彼此间隔开的多个双面光伏电池(2)或所述电池的排形成,每个电池(2)具有活性正面(20)和活性背面(21),所述正面和所述背面能够捕获来自入射光线的落到所述正面(20)和背面(21)上的光子,
其特征在于,所述反射装置包括多个独立的反射模块(4),
每个反射模块配置为位于分隔两个相邻电池(2)或两排相邻电池的间隙(22)的垂直的下方,
每个反射模块(4)包括:
-第一部分(41),其面向所述间隙(22)的表面具有第一弯曲形状,以将落入所述间隙的全部或部分入射光子径直传送到所述电池(2)的背面(21);和
-安装在所述第一部分(41)上的第二部分(42),其面向所述间隙(22)的表面具有第二弯曲形状,以将落入所述间隙的全部或部分入射光子径直传送到所述电池(2)的背面(21),第二弯曲形状与第一弯曲形状不同,
所述反射装置具有以下尺寸特征:
A≤B
其中:
A表示分隔所述双面光伏电池的间隙;
B表示所述反射模块底部的长度。
2.权利要求1的用于光伏模块(1)的反射装置,其特征在于所述第一和第二弯曲形状是凹面、凸面或平面。
3.权利要求1或2的用于光伏模块(1)的反射装置,其特征在于所述反射模块(4)的所述第一和第二部分(41、42)的每一个的表面都涂覆有反射入射光线的材料。
4.权利要求1或2的用于光伏模块(1)的反射装置,其特征在于所述反射模块(4)的所述第一和第二部分(41、42)的每一个的表面都涂覆有具有选择性光谱行为或双功能透射-反射光谱行为的材料。
5.权利要求1或2的用于光伏模块(1)的反射装置,其特征在于其还包括设置到所述反射模块(4)的所述第一部分(41)的支撑物(5),所述支撑物(5)具有无反射模块(4)的至少一个空置区域(50),所述空置区域(50)涂覆有反射或半反射材料,该材料可以将全部或部分所述入射光子传送到所述电池(2)的背面(21)和/或传送到至少一个所述反射模块(4)。
6.权利要求5的用于光伏模块(1)的反射装置,其特征在于其还包括插入所述反射模块的所述支撑物(5)和中间板(6)之间的至少一个间隔物(7),所述中间板(6)上放置所述电池(2)的背面(21),所述中间板(6)由可透过入射光线的材料制成,而且所述间隔物(7)涂覆有反射所述入射光线的材料。
7.权利要求1或2的用于光伏模块(1)的反射装置,其特征在于所述反射模块(4)为与分隔相邻两排(2a、2b)光伏电池(2)的间隙对齐放置的分段形式。
8.权利要求1或2的用于光伏模块(1)的反射装置,其特征在于所述第二部分(42)具有三角形横截面。
9.权利要求8的用于光伏模块(1)的反射装置,其特征在于,
所述反射装置还包括设置到所述反射模块(4)的所述第一部分(41)的支撑物(5),所述支撑物(5)具有无反射模块(4)的至少一个空置区域(50),所述空置区域(50)涂覆有反射或半反射材料,该材料可以将全部或部分所述入射光子传送到所述电池(2)的背面(21)和/或传送到至少一个所述反射模块(4);
所述反射装置还包括插入所述反射模块的所述支撑物(5)和中间板(6)之间的至少一个间隔物(7),所述中间板(6)上放置所述电池(2)的背面(21),所述中间板(6)由可透过入射光线的材料制成,而且所述间隔物(7)涂覆有反射所述入射光线的材料;
所述反射装置还具有以下尺寸特征:
0.5G≤A≤G
G/5≤D≤0.5G
10°≤C≤35°
0.5B≤F≤2B
其中:
A表示分隔所述双面光伏电池的间隙;
B表示所述反射模块底部的长度,
G是电池的宽度;
C是由所述反射模块的具有三角形横截面的所述第二部分的两个会聚面形成的角度;
F是所述反射模块的第一部分的弯曲形状的半径;和
D是所述间隔物或分隔所述支撑物和所述中间板的间隙的高度。
10.一种由结构(3)形成的光伏模块(1),所述结构(3)中放置彼此分隔开的多个光伏电池(2),每个电池(2)具有活性正面(20)和活性背面(21),所述正面和所述背面能够捕获来自入射光线的落入所述正面(20)和背面(21)上的光子,所述结构(3)由以下构成:与所述电池(2)的正面(20)相对的透射所述光线的前板(30)、与所述电池(2)的背面(21)相对的透射所述光线的后板(31),以及密封所述前板(30)和后板(31)的框(32),特征在于所述光伏模块还包括权利要求1至9之一的反射装置。
11.权利要求10的光伏模块,其特征在于,
所述反射装置还包括设置到所述反射模块(4)的所述第一部分(41)的支撑物(5),所述支撑物(5)具有无反射模块(4)的至少一个空置区域(50),所述空置区域(50)涂覆有反射或半反射材料,该材料可以将全部或部分所述入射光子传送到所述电池(2)的背面(21)和/或传送到至少一个所述反射模块(4);和
设置到所述反射模块(4)的第一部分(41)的所述支撑物(5)由所述结构(3)的所述后板(31)形成。
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2009
- 2009-12-14 FR FR0958914A patent/FR2954000B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-12-10 US US13/512,002 patent/US9012765B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-10 KR KR1020127015159A patent/KR20120106747A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-12-10 JP JP2012542605A patent/JP5766202B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-10 CN CN201080053586.8A patent/CN102656706B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-10 AU AU2010338108A patent/AU2010338108B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-12-10 BR BR112012013932A patent/BR112012013932A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-12-10 EP EP10801648A patent/EP2513979A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-12-10 WO PCT/FR2010/052664 patent/WO2011080442A2/fr active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5766202B2 (ja) | 2015-08-19 |
WO2011080442A2 (fr) | 2011-07-07 |
KR20120106747A (ko) | 2012-09-26 |
AU2010338108A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
BR112012013932A2 (pt) | 2016-06-07 |
EP2513979A2 (fr) | 2012-10-24 |
JP2013513938A (ja) | 2013-04-22 |
US20120247533A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
CN102656706A (zh) | 2012-09-05 |
WO2011080442A3 (fr) | 2012-05-10 |
FR2954000A1 (fr) | 2011-06-17 |
US9012765B2 (en) | 2015-04-21 |
AU2010338108B2 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
FR2954000B1 (fr) | 2012-01-06 |
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