CN102612982A

CN102612982A - Greenhouse sprouting breeding method of fresh dendrobe strips

Info

Publication number: CN102612982A
Application number: CN2012101277953A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 段兴恩
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-04-27
Filing date: 2012-04-27
Publication date: 2012-08-01
Anticipated expiration: 2032-04-27
Also published as: CN102612982B

Abstract

The invention discloses a greenhouse sprouting breeding method of fresh dendrobe strips and relates to a plant asexual breeding technique. The treated fresh dendrobe strips are selected and placed into a greenhouse, after high-temperature sprouting and low-temperature seedling culture, the sprouting percentage is increased for many times, the sprout can be directly cultivated to a land for growing field crops without domestication, and the sprout grows to 10-80 cm at the same year. The greenhouse sprouting breeding method has the advantages of low cost and easy operation, and is a practical seedling culture method of the dendrobe.

Description

The bright bar greenhouse vernalization of stem of noble dendrobium breeding method

Technical field

The present invention relates to plant asexual multiplication technology, the bright bar greenhouse vernalization of especially a kind of stem of noble dendrobium breeding method.

Background technology

The stem of noble dendrobium is the perennial draft epiphyte of the orchid family, and the Dendrobium plant only just has more than 80 initial species in China, is distributed widely in the Qinling Mountains to wide geographic area on the south the Huaihe River, and wherein just there is more than 60 initial species in Yunnan.Since ancient times, China tradition traditional Chinese medicine circle just resembles a plurality of kinds in the stem of noble dendrobium: HERBA DENDROBII, dendrobium candidum, purple dendrobium, HERBA DENDROBII etc. are as curing the disease except that disease, the Chinese medicine treasure use that improves the health.That the modern medicine study proof stem of noble dendrobium has is anti-ageing, improve immunity, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, strengthens the effect of multiple diseases such as cardiovascular function, antitumor, treatment stomach and intestine, ophthalmology, glycosuria, so extremely people's favor.Dendrobium alone collected from the wild herbs, has been far behind the growth in demand, thus contributing to the artificial cultivation of Dendrobium, to meet the large-scale production, the supply of Dendrobium seedlings have emerged, Xing give birth to a myriad of different breeding methods , such as: direct seeding method, cutting method, division propagation method, tissue culture method for improving a large number of Dendrobium seedlings for field planting production has played a good role in safeguarding.But also find that through practice for many years these technology still have certain deficiency: the seed sowing method, because of seed is too tiny, viablity is lower; Cuttage, germination rate is low, only has about 20-40% and germinates, and opened the stipes of spending and seldom germinate, and the germination of bud seedling is irregular, poor growth; The division propagation method, cost is high, and wild[l is few, is limited to environmental regulations again and mustn't arbitrarily adopts wild[l; Group training method, output is high, wants big but cost of investment is corresponding, and specification requirement is tighter, and common people are difficult for grasping, and seedling all must be through the refining seedling, and directly transplanting land for growing field crops survival rate is low.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention just is to exist deficiency to provide a kind of germination rate high, the stem of noble dendrobium sapling multiplication method neat, that the seedling growth is fast, easy to operate, cost is low of sprouting to above-mentioned technology.The present invention divides five steps to accomplish: the selection of kind bar, the processing of kind bar, high temperature vernalization, low temperature are grown seedlings, seedling canopy refining seedling.

One, planting bar selects: need select the suitable local stem of noble dendrobium improved seeds that develop by seedling, fresh then of choosing robust growth, no damage by disease and insect reaches the 80-90% phase in its maturity, cuts before blade does not come off as yet as planting bar.

Two, planting bar handles: make bud become axillalry bud, method has two kinds, and the one, before not cutting bright bar 20-60 days, except that a small amount of 20 centimeters long naturally the envelope point, other kind bar was all pinching, destroys and plants a bar physical maturity; Another method is promptly to cut off kind of a bar upper end after adopting the bar of sowing, and makes the injured destruction physical maturity of kind of bar; To pass through the kind bar that destroys physical maturity is put under the sun according to shining; The sterilization wound also makes processings of burning of kind of a bar surface, and according to sunlight intensity solarization 8-24 hour, high height above sea level shone more; Temperature is high few shines, and turning over white degree of being punctured into clip, can to take in the dehydration of airing within doors subsequent use.

Three, high temperature vernalization: two kinds of methods are arranged: the one, it is a bit of that the kind bar of the 20-30% that dewaters is cut into the 2-3 joint, and every segment length 4-8 centimetre is put into to shine under the sun and turns over to clip that carton is promptly put in white contraction or basket is put into hot room; Another kind of way is that the kind bar of dehydration 20-30% is directly put into the hot room vernalization on the frame of growing seedlings.Before the beginning of spring temperature control 15-25 ℃, the wet 40-60% of control, after the beginning of spring temperature control 25-30 ℃, the wet 50-70% of control will note observing during vernalization, and one finds that bud must in time remove, and prevents that kind of the bar nutrition leak from influencing germination rate; Be also noted that regulation and control moisture humidity simultaneously, the too dried germination quality that influences, moisture is overweight can cause again mildew and rot.Plant bar rudiment successively after heating up the beginning of spring, intensification 30-50 days, germination rate reached 30-50%, and intensification 50-100 days, germination rate reached 80-90%, and the kind bar that germinates yet can not take out does the disposal of commodity informal voucher.

Four, low temperature is grown seedlings: plant and must before the splitting leaf and do not launch of bud seedling, in time it be moved to the low temperature canopy by hot room after bar sprouts and continue to cultivate, and temperature control 15-25 ℃, the wet 70-80% of control; And suitably increase illumination with the rate 80-85% that shelters from heat or light; Impel the long seedling of taking root, through 20-40 days, when bud seedling aerial root length arrives the 1-2 centimetre; Just can go out warm canopy directly transplanting land for growing field crops, perhaps move on on the refining Miao Peng seedbed and refine seedling.

Five, seedling canopy refining seedling: the bud seedling must keep air humidity more than 80% in refining seedling canopy; Increase illumination, the rate of sheltering from heat or light is reduced to 70-80%, and sprays the light liquid fertilizer of converting with natural pond liquid Normal juice: clear water=1:4 with atomizing; Promoting root, seedling to grow fast, planted the land for growing field crops in 1 year again.

Last art method can be used to breed the multiple stems of noble dendrobium such as iron sheet, purple skin, pocket lip, and this method has not only improved bud ratio greatly, can reach 70-80%; And sprout neat, the growth of bud seedling is fast, opens the stem bar of spending and still can germinate, cost is low; Easy to operate, be adapted to the large-scale planting demand of the stem of noble dendrobium.

Embodiment

Providing embodiment below is described further the present invention:

Embodiment one,Choose that purple dendrobium is given birth to then, the bright bar of healthy and strong no damage by disease and insect, 10-11 between the month when its blade does not come off as yet, except that seal naturally sharp whole beating abandon stem apex, cut off and be placed under the sunshine solarization after 25 days respectively 10 hours; When clip turns over white contraction, just can take the interior airing of entering house,, dehydration is cut into the long segment of 4-8 centimetre when reaching 20--30%, every section 2-3 joint; Be put into once more under the sun and shine, when clip turns over white contractions, put into the vernalization of the blue basket threading of bamboo hot room, before the beginning of spring temperature control 15-25 ℃; The wet 40-60% of control is warming up to 25-30 ℃ after the beginning of spring, humidity 50-70% notes observing; In time remove the bud on kind of the bar, the back of heating up is planted bar and is just germinateed successively, before the bud seedling does not launch to split leaf, must in time it be moved on in the low temperature canopy; Temperature control 15-25 ℃, damping 70-80% with the rate 80-85% that shelters from heat or light, increases illumination; Short its aerial root growth, through 20-40 days, bud seedling aerial root is long just can to go out canopy direct transplanting land for growing field crops when long to the 1-2 centimetre; Perhaps move on the refining Miao Peng seedbed and heel in the refining seedling, humidity keeps more than 80% in the canopy, the rate of sheltering from heat or light 70-80%; Simultaneously to spray the light liquid that natural pond liquid Normal juice: clear water=1:4 converts fertile for available aeroponics, promotes offspring to grow fast, went out canopy field planting land for growing field crops in 1 year.Without refining the bud seedling that seedling directly moves the land for growing field crops, the 4-6 month transplants, and can grow to the 10-80 centimetre then.

Embodiment two,Select living then stalwartness not have the bright bar of dendrobium candidum of damage by disease and insect, between January December to next year, before leaf abscission, except that sealing naturally sharp can directly the taking; All pinching, to cut off respectively after 25 days to be put under the sun excessively and shone 12 hours, clip turns over white contraction, can take airing within doors; When dehydration reaches 20-30%, be cut into the long segment of 4-8 centimetre, every section 2-3 joint shines clip again and turns over white contraction under the sun, can take in carton and put hot room vernalization into; Before the beginning of spring temperature control 15-25 ℃, the wet 40-60% of control is warming up to 25-30 ℃ after the beginning of spring, and 50-70% preserves moisture; Strengthen observing, in time reject the bud on kind of the bar, the back of heating up is planted bar and is just germinateed successively, and the bud seedling is not split Ye Shixu it is moved on in the low temperature canopy; Temperature control 15-25 ℃, damping 70-80%, the rate of sheltering from heat or light 80-85%; Through 20-40 days, bud seedling aerial root was long during to the 1-2 centimetre, but just direct transplanting land for growing field crops.Also can move on on the refining Miao Peng seedbed and continue to cultivate, humidity is transferred to more than 80%, the rate of sheltering from heat or light is reduced to 70-80%, and it is fertile to spray the light liquid that natural pond liquid Normal juice: clear water=1:4 converts, and short offspring is long soon, transplants the land for growing field crops in 1 year again.

Embodiment three,Choose the bright bar of Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) C. E. Fisch of life then, no damage by disease and insect, stalwartness, between January December to next year, before its blade did not come off, except that the sharp person of envelope can directly take naturally, remainder was all pinching; Cut off respectively after 25 days, put immediately under the sun and shone 10 hours,, just can take in the dehydration of airing within doors when clip turns over white contraction; When dehydration reaches 20-30%, be cut into the long segment of 4-8 centimetre again again, every section 2-3 joint is put into once more to shine under the sun to clip and turns over white contraction, promptly takes in carton and puts hot room vernalization into; Before the beginning of spring temperature control 15-25 ℃, the 40-60% that preserves moisture, after the beginning of spring temperature control 25-30 ℃, damping 50-70%; Strengthen observing, in time reject bud, the back of heating up is planted bar and can be germinateed successively, splits at the bud seedling will the bud seedling be moved on in the low temperature canopy when leaf launches; Temperature control 15-25 ℃, damping 70-80%, the rate of sheltering from heat or light 80-85% was through 20-40 days; When bud seedling aerial root length arrives the 1-2 centimetre, but direct transplanting arrives the land for growing field crops, perhaps moves on on the refining Miao Peng seedbed and refines seedling, and humidity is more than 80% in the canopy; The rate of sheltering from heat or light was reduced to 70-80%, and sprays the light solution that natural pond liquid Normal juice: clear water=1:4 converts, and promotes that offspring is long soon, transplanted the land for growing field crops again by 1 year.

Claims

1. the bright bar greenhouse vernalization of stem of noble dendrobium breeding method is characterized in that with the bright bar of the stem of noble dendrobium being that kind of a bar is bred stem of noble dendrobium seedling and supplied the land for growing field crops plantation, divides five steps to implement: plant that bar processing, high temperature vernalization are selected, planted to bar, low temperature is grown seedlings and the seedling canopy refines seedling;

One), planting bar selects: need select the suitable local stem of noble dendrobium breeding that develops by seedling, fresh then of selecting stalwartness, no damage by disease and insect is 80-90% in its maturity, cuts before blade does not come off as yet as planting bar;

Two), plant bar and handle: make bud become axillalry bud with two kinds of methods: the one, before not cutting bright bar 20-60 days, seal sharp can directly the taking naturally for 20 centimeters long except that minority, other is completely pinching; The 2nd, adopt and cut off the strip upper end behind the bar of sowing; The kind bar that to cut then shone 8-24 hour under the sun, and high height above sea level shines more, and high few solarization of temperature turned over white degree of being punctured into wound, takes in the dehydration of airing within doors;

Three), high temperature vernalization: the kind bar of the 20-30% that will dewater is cut into the long segment of 4-8 centimetre, every section 2-3 joint, put shine the sun under clip to turn over white contraction promptly put carton or basket in the hot room of packing into; The kind bar that perhaps will slough 20-30% moisture content is directly put into hot room and is grown seedlings on the frame, and before the beginning of spring temperature control 15-25 ℃, the wet 40-60% of control; After the beginning of spring temperature control 25-30 ℃, the wet 50-70% of control carries out vernalization; Strengthen observing, the discovery bud must in time be rejected, and notes regulating and controlling humidity; Planting bar can germinate successively, and intensification 50-100 days, germination rate reached 80-90%, and the kind bar that germinates can not take out does the processing of commodity informal voucher;

Four), low temperature is grown seedlings: before the back bud seedling that sprouts does not launch, must in time it be moved to the low temperature canopy from hot room and cultivate temperature control 15-25 ℃; Control wet 70-80%, and increase illumination, impel the aerial root growth with the 80-85% rate of sheltering from heat or light; 20-40 days; When aerial root grows to the 1-2 centimetre, can directly go out canopy and transplant the land for growing field crops, or move to refining Miao Peng seedbed refining seedling;

Five), seedling canopy refining seedling: keep humidity more than 80%, the rate of sheltering from heat or light is reduced to 70-80%, sprays the light liquid fertilizer of converting with natural pond liquid Normal juice: clear water=1:4 with aeroponics, promotes that offspring is long soon, goes out canopy and transplants the land for growing field crops in 1 year.