CN102575337B - 光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜及其制作方法 - Google Patents

光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN102575337B
CN102575337B CN201080037641.4A CN201080037641A CN102575337B CN 102575337 B CN102575337 B CN 102575337B CN 201080037641 A CN201080037641 A CN 201080037641A CN 102575337 B CN102575337 B CN 102575337B
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野口大辅
河野庆彦
清文博
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INDEPENDENT ADMINISTRATIVE Corp NATIONAL ADVANCED SPECIAL SCHOOL ORGAN
Shincron Co Ltd
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Abstract

低温、快速且廉价地提供具有较高的光催化特性的光催化剂氧化钛薄膜。该光催化剂氧化钛薄膜包括:由形成于玻璃、塑料等基体表面上的非晶体金属化合物薄膜构成的晶种层、和在该晶种层上柱状生长而形成的晶体金属化合物薄膜,在制作该薄膜时,通过利用溅射法低温、快速地成膜,廉价地制作光催化剂氧化钛薄膜,而不必实施利用活性气体的等离子体所进行的前处理或后处理,也不必实施加热处理。

Description

光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及光催化剂金属化合物薄膜,特别是涉及在低温条件下快速成膜而形成的具有晶体构造的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜及其制作方法。 
背景技术
氧化钛膜具有光催化功能,是发挥抗菌、防臭、防污、亲水性等优异功能的物质,特别是亲水性薄膜被广泛用于汽车用后视镜、设置于道路上的镜子、大厦的外壁建材等。 
将该氧化钛用作光催化剂材料时,通常需要将其固定化在某些基体材料的表面上,以薄膜状使用,因此采用在所有基体材料表面上均强力密合的溅射技术。现有的溅射技术中主要采用反应性溅射,使用钛金属靶,导入氩气和氧气从而形成氧化钛薄膜,然而,在该成膜方法中成膜速度低,为10nm/分钟左右,并且为了体现光催化功能,需要对基体材料进行前处理、后处理等加热处理。另外,虽然在低温下可形成发挥光催化功能的氧化钛薄膜,但极为缓慢,无法在工业中使用。 
于是,提出了如下所述的亲水性薄膜的制造技术,其包括:溅射工序,在真空容器内的成膜过程区域内,在基体上溅射至少由一种金属构成的靶,使基体表面上附着由上述金属构成的膜原料物质;和基体运送工序,在上述真空容器内,将上述基体运送至在与上述成膜过程区域间隔开来的位置处所形成的反应过程区域内;在向上述反应过程区域内导入了至少一种反应性气体的状态下产生该反应性气体的等离子体,使上述反应性气体和上述膜原料物质发生反应,生成上述反应性气体和上述膜原料物质的化合物或不完全化合物(参考专利文献1)。 
专利文献1:日本特开2007-314835号公报 
非专利文献1:望月翔平、境哲也、石原太树、佐藤纪幸、小林幸治、前田刚志、星阳一、“利用氧离子辅助反应性蒸镀法制作的TiO2膜的膜厚依存性”第69次应用物理学会学述讲演会、3a-J-8(2008年9月) 
发明内容
发明要解决的问题 
然而,在上述专利文献所记载的亲水性薄膜的制造技术中,存在如下问题,即,至少在基体表面上形成亲水性薄膜之前或之后,需要利用反应性气体的等离子体进行等离子体处理,基体被等离子体能量长时间加热,无法在低温下(100℃以下)形成光催化剂膜。另外,亲水性薄膜的厚度至少需要在240nm以上,价格高昂。 
本发明是鉴于上述问题而进行的,本发明不必实施对基体表面进行等离子体处理等前处理、形成亲水性薄膜后的后处理、以及加热处理,低温(100℃以下)、快速、而且廉价地提供具有较高光催化特性的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜及其制作方法。 
解决问题的方法 
因此,本发明的第一特征为,光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜,包括由形成于基体表面上的非晶体金属化合物薄膜构成的晶种层、和在该晶种层上柱状生长而形成的晶体金属化合物薄膜。 
另外,第二特征为,由形成于所述基体表面上的非晶体金属化合物薄膜构成的晶种层、和在该晶种层上形成的晶体金属化合物薄膜的总膜厚为100nm以上。 
而且,第三特征为,在所述基体和所述晶种层之间还设置有氧化硅薄膜。 
另外,第四特征为,光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的制作方法,其包括: 
利用溅射法在基体表面上堆积金属化合物的极薄膜,再照射稀有气体和反应性气体的活性种,重复进行上述工序以形成由非晶体金属化合物薄膜构成的晶种层, 
利用溅射法在该晶种层上堆积由金属及金属不完全反应物构成的极薄膜,再照射稀有气体和反应性气体的活性种,重复进行上述工序以形成在所述晶种层上柱状生长的晶体金属化合物薄膜。 
并且,第五特征为,所述非晶体金属化合物薄膜及晶体金属化合物薄膜由氧化钛形成。另外,作为所述基体,玻璃基体材料有效地使用了玻璃基体材料、陶瓷基体材料、塑料基体材料。 
发明效果 
根据本发明的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜及其制作方法,不必对基体实施利用反应性气体进行的等离子体处理、加热处理,因此具有可在低温下形成具有较高光催化特性的光催化剂薄膜这样的优异效果。 
另外,形成于上述基体表面上的非晶体金属化合物薄膜晶种层和在该晶种层上形成的晶体金属化合物薄膜的总膜厚为100nm以上,与现有的光催化剂薄膜相比,膜厚为一半以下,可在短时间内实现亲水性、油分解性,而且,由于能够快速成膜,因此具有价格低廉这样的优异效果。 
附图简要说明 
图1是表示形成本发明光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的装置的说明图; 
图2是表示本发明光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的实施方式的剖面说明图; 
图3是流程图,表示本发明第一实施方式的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的制作工序; 
图4是流程图,表示本发明第二实施方式的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的制作工序; 
图5是表示本实施例的TiO2薄膜的照片; 
图6是表示比较例1的TiO2薄膜的照片; 
图7是照片,表示本发明的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的晶体结构的差异; 
图8是表示本发明的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的光催化特性的曲线图; 
图9是表示本发明的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的光催化特性的曲线图。 
具体实施方式
下面将基于实施例进行说明,所述实施例是以附图表示的用于实施本发明的最佳实施方式,但不限定于本实施例。图1是从上方观察到的形成本发明光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的装置的说明图,图2是表示本发明的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的实施方式的剖面说明图,图3是表示本发明第一 实施方式的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的制作工序的流程图,图4是表示本发明第二实施方式的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的制作工序的流程图。 
在本实施例中,通过使用了两种金属靶的磁控管溅射装置作为溅射装置的实例进行说明,但也可以使用其它装置。另外,使用了金属钛作为光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜中所使用的金属。 
图1表示形成本发明光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的溅射装置1。图中,真空容器2的中央处可旋转地设置有旋转鼓3,在该旋转鼓3的周围安装有多个后述的基体。另外,在旋转鼓3的周围配置有两组溅射部件4a、4b、和活性种发生装置5,利用各间隔壁6a、6b、6c以隔出一定间隔的状态相互隔离。 
溅射部件4a、4b和与之对置的旋转鼓3之间构成成膜过程区域7a、7b,活性种发生装置5和旋转鼓3之间构成反应过程区域8,在各区域设置有溅射气体供给部件9a、9b和反应性气体供给部件10。 
在旋转鼓3的外周面设置有多个由玻璃或塑料等构成的基体,通过发动机(未图示)进行旋转,在上述成膜过程区域7a、7b和反应过程区域8之间反复移动,重复进行在成膜过程区域7a、7b的溅射处理、和在反应过程区域8的反应处理,从而在基体表面上形成薄膜。 
另外,在上述溅射供给部件9a、9b及反应性气体供给部件10中,分别设置有溅射用气体的Ar气瓶11a、11b、反应性气体的氧气瓶12和Ar气瓶13,通过气体流量调节器14调节供给量。 
由上述构件组成的本实施方式溅射装置1的特征在于,成膜过程区域7a、7b和反应过程区域8在同一真空容器2内处于隔离的位置,且通过气体流量调节器14调节气体供给量,可形成气体流通,特别是通过将供给至反应过程区域8的氧气和Ar气的供给量设定为多于供给至成膜过程区域7a、7b的Ar气供给量,可经由间隔壁6a、6b、6c供给氧气,实现伴随反应溅射的溅射。 
下面,基于图2~图4,对本发明的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的形成方法进行说明。 
图2a表示通过本发明的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的形成方法在玻璃基体材料20上形成由两层氧化钛薄膜21,22构成的光催化剂薄膜的实施方式,图2b表示在玻璃基体材料20和两层光催化剂薄膜21、22之间形成了氧化硅薄膜23的实施方式。另外,氧化钛薄膜21为非晶体氧化钛薄膜,氧化 钛薄膜22是晶体氧化钛薄膜,总膜厚为100nm以上。下面根据图3、图4对上述各实施方式的工序进行说明。 
(第一实施方式) 
首先,在真空容器2内的旋转鼓3上设置玻璃基体材料20,利用真空泵(未图示)使真空容器2内形成高真空状态(步骤S1)。 
接着,从溅射气体供给部件9a、9b向成膜过程区域7a、7b导入了Ar气,且从反应性气体供给部件10向反应过程区域8导入了Ar气和氧气,在此状态下,从交流电源15对成膜过程区域7a内的溅射电极供给电力,从高频电源16对活性种发生装置5施加交流电压,使旋转鼓3逆时针旋转。此时,导入成膜过程区域7a、7b的Ar气的流量,均被设定为少于导入反应过程区域8的Ar气及氧气的流量,可形成氧气从反应过程区域8向成膜过程区域7a、7b的移动。另外,该设定都由气体流量调节器14来调节。 
在该工序中,在成膜过程区域7a内安装有作为靶17a的金属钛,设置于旋转鼓3的玻璃基体材料20在成膜过程区域7a内、于其表面上形成由金属钛化合物构成的极薄膜(步骤S2)。 
然后,当设置于旋转鼓3的玻璃基体材料20在反应过程区域8移动时,利用活性种发生装置5和氧气及Ar气,在非晶体氧化钛薄膜22上形成由上述金属钛化合物构成的极薄膜(步骤S3)。 
通过旋转鼓3的旋转重复进行上述步骤S2、及S3,形成目标厚度的非晶体氧化钛薄膜。另外,只要非晶体氧化钛薄膜的膜厚至少为5nm以上即可。 
接着,利用气体流量调节器14调节被导入成膜过程区域7a、7b的Ar气流量、和被导入反应过程区域8的Ar气及氧气的流量,形成阻碍氧气从反应过程区域8向成膜过程区域7a、7b移动的状态,从交流电源15向成膜过程区域7a内的溅射电极供给电力,从高频电源16对活性种发生装置5施加交流电压。 
在该工序中,设置于旋转鼓3的玻璃基体材料20在成膜过程区域7a内,在其表面的非晶体金属钛化合物薄膜上形成由金属钛及金属钛不完全反应物构成的极薄膜(步骤S4)。 
然后,设置于旋转鼓3的玻璃基体材料20在反应过程区域8移动时,利用活性种发生装置5供给氧气及Ar气,同时在晶体氧化钛薄膜上形成由上述金属钛及金属钛不完全反应物构成的极薄膜(步骤S5)。 
利用旋转鼓3的旋转重复进行上述步骤S4、及S5,形成目标厚度的薄膜,形成本发明的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜即光催化剂氧化钛薄膜。 
(第二实施方式) 
接着,参照图4对第二实施方式进行说明。另外,图中步骤S41~S71与上述的步骤S2~S5是相同的,省略其说明。 
首先,与第一实施方式一样,将玻璃基体材料20设置在真空容器2内的旋转鼓3上,利用真空泵(未图示)使真空容器2内形成高真空状态(步骤S11)。 
接着,从溅射气体供给部件9a、9b向成膜过程区域7a、7b导入了Ar气,从反应性气体供给部件10向反应过程区域8导入了氧气,在此状态下,从交流电源15对成膜过程区域7a内的溅射电极供给电力,从高频电源16对活种产生装置5施加交流电压,使旋转鼓3旋转。这时,设定导入成膜过程区域7a、7b的Ar气的流量均多于导入反应过程区域8的氧气的流量,使得氧气无法从反应过程区域8向成膜过程区域7a、7b的移动。 
在该工序中,在成膜过程区域7b内安装作为靶17b的Si,设置于旋转鼓3的玻璃基体材料20在成膜过程区域7b内,于其表面上形成Si薄膜(步骤S21)。 
然后,设置于旋转鼓3上的玻璃基体材料20在反应过程区域8移动时,利用活性种发生装置5供给氧气,同时在SiO2薄膜上形成上述Si薄膜(步骤S31)。 
利用旋转鼓3的旋转重复进行上述步骤S21、及S31,形成目标厚度(例如100nm)的SiO2薄膜。另外,通过步骤S41~S71在SiO2薄膜上形成所期望的光催化剂氧化钛薄膜,形成了本发明的多层金属化合物薄膜即光催化剂氧化钛薄膜。另外,也可以在该光催化剂氧化钛薄膜之上,进一步形成SiO2薄膜,用作具有亲水性且保持暗处维持效果的保护膜。 
实施例 
接着,对按照本发明的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的制作方法实际形成光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的实施例进行说明。另外,本实施例对应于上述第二实施方式。 
使用图1所示的溅射装置,在玻璃基体材料20的表面形成由氧化硅及氧化钛构成的多层金属化合物薄膜。作业工序按图4进行。另外,各工序中的各种条件如下所示。 
(SiO2成膜条件) 
施加在靶侧的电力:6.5KW 
施加在活性种发生装置5的电力:3.5KW 
溅射装置内的总压力:0.34Pa 
旋转鼓3的转速:100rpm 
成膜时间:249.7秒 
(晶种层TiO2成膜条件) 
施加在靶侧的电力:3.8KW 
施加在活性种发生装置5的电力:3.0KW 
溅射装置内的总压力:0.74Pa 
旋转鼓3的转速:100rpm 
成膜时间:370.3秒 
(光催化剂层TiO2成膜条件) 
施加在靶侧的电力:3.0KW 
施加在活性种发生装置5的电力:3.0KW 
溅射装置内的总压力:0.57Pa 
旋转鼓3的转速:100rpm 
成膜时间:406.2秒 
(比较例1) 
使用图1所示的溅射装置,在玻璃基体材料20的表面形成由氧化硅及氧化钛构成的金属化合物薄膜。作业工序中除去上述实施例的内晶种层TiO2成膜,金属化合物薄膜的膜厚与实施例相同。 
(比较例2) 
使用图1所示的溅射装置,在玻璃基体材料20表面形成由氧化钛构成的金属化合物薄膜。作业工序按照上述专利文献1所示的现有方法进行,在氧化钛薄膜之上形成SiO2薄膜。其结果是,金属化合物薄膜的膜厚为240nm。另外,为实现该氧化钛薄膜的光催化剂活性化,进行了等离子体处理。 
(氧化钛膜的比较) 
图5及图6表示用透射电子显微镜(JEM-4000EM日本电子制)从剖面方向观察形成于玻璃基体材料上的SiO2/TiO2层的结果。关于实施例的层,确认在与SiO2的界面处有5~7nm的非晶体TiO2层,从其正上方至最表面确认有柱状结晶化的TiO2层的两层构造。另外,关于比较例1的层,确认从与SiO2的界面起大约25nm为非晶体层,在直至最表面的范围内,非结晶和微结晶中部分存在着结晶化的区域。另外,实施例的两层TiO2薄膜的总膜厚为125nm。另外,图5表示本实施例的TiO2薄膜,图6表示比较例1的TiO2薄膜。 
(晶体结构的比较) 
比较由实施例的TiO2层及比较例1的TiO2层的电子衍射图像求出的d值、和X射线衍射下的d值,均确认到锐钛矿型晶体结构。另外,图7表示使用剖面TEM在与TiO2的亮视野相同的观察位置所观察到的暗视野图像,由本实施例和比较例1可知,形成晶种层的本发明的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜,从与非晶体TiO2层的界面起形成有柱状结晶化的TiO2薄膜,和比较例1相比较,确认结晶性优异。另外,图7的T090330c表示本实施例的TiO2薄膜,T090510d表示比较例1的TiO2薄膜,图中的暗视野1及2测定了相同的拍摄部位。 
(光催化特性的比较1) 
利用油分解评价法对上述三种光催化剂薄膜的光催化特性进行了比较。该油分解评价法是向形成了光催化剂薄膜的基体材料照射紫外线(峰值波长:350nm)24小时,定量滴加纯水,利用接触角测定装置测定接触角,进而向纯水干燥后的基体材料上滴加油使其向前面涂布延伸后,照射紫外线(峰值波长:350nm)10小时,滴加纯水,再利用接触角测定装置测定了接触角度。图8表示滴加上述油以后的光催化特性比较结果。 
如图8所示,形成了实施例的晶种TiO2层的光催化剂薄膜,紫外线照射时间为10小时时接触角变为10°以下,判定与比较例1、2相比较,迅速显示出极高的光催化特性。另外,判明比较例1在低温(100℃以下)下的光催化剂膜形成条件下,显示出光催化特性,但未显示出较高的光催化特性。 
(光催化特性的比较2) 
关于本发明的光催化剂薄膜,准备TiO2膜厚在40nm~120nm之间阶梯式变化的基体材料,利用上述油分解评价法进行了评价。图9表示其结果。 
如图9所示,比较了紫外线照射10小时后的接触角可以判定:膜厚为100nm以上时显示优异的光催化特性。认为可确认光催化特性具有TiO2膜厚依存性,一般为膜厚度越厚,光催化特性越高,膜厚度较薄时,光催化特性降低(参考非专利文献1),比较例1膜厚为125nm,显示出光催化特性,但在100nm左右的膜厚下未显示出较高的光催化特性。 
如上所述,本发明的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜及其制作方法,由于没有对基体实施通过反应性气体进行的等离子体处理、加热法等,因此可以在低温下形成具有较高的光催化特性的光催化剂薄膜。因此,即使基体是树脂材料,也可成膜。并且,形成于基体表面上的非晶体金属化合物薄膜晶种层、和形成于该晶种层上的晶体金属化合物薄膜的总膜厚为100nm以上即可,与现有的光催化剂薄膜相比较,膜厚为一半以下,可在短时间内实现亲水性、油分解性,而且,可快速且廉价地进行成膜。 
符号说明
1  溅射装置 
2  真空容器 
3  旋转鼓 
4a、4b  溅射装置 
5  活性种发生装置 
6a、6b、6c  间隔壁 
7a、7b  成膜过程区域 
8  反应过程区域 
9a、9b  溅射气体供给部件 
10  反应性气体供给部件 
11a、11b  Ar气瓶 
12  氧气瓶 
13  Ar气瓶 
14  气体流量调节器 
15  交流电源 
16  高频电源 
17a、17b  靶 
20  玻璃基体材料 
21  氧化钛薄膜 
22  氧化钛薄膜 
23  氧化硅薄膜 

Claims (6)

1.一种光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜,其包括:由形成于基体表面上的非晶体金属化合物薄膜构成的晶种层、和在该晶种层的正上方至最表面形成的晶体金属化合物薄膜,
所述非晶体金属化合物薄膜如下形成:利用溅射法在基体的表面堆积金属化合物的极薄膜,再照射稀有气体和反应性气体的活性种,重复进行上述工序,由此在基体的表面形成了所述非晶体金属化合物薄膜,
所述晶体金属化合物薄膜如下形成:利用溅射法在该晶种层上堆积由金属及金属不完全反应物构成的极薄膜,再在与晶种层不同的条件下照射稀有气体和反应性气体的活性种,重复进行上述工序,由此,在所述晶种层的正上方至最表面柱状生长而形成了所述晶体金属化合物薄膜。
2.如权利要求1所述的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜,其特征在于,所述晶种层和所述晶体金属化合物薄膜的总膜厚为100nm以上。
3.如权利要求1所述的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜,其特征在于,在所述基体和所述晶种层之间还设置有氧化硅薄膜。
4.如权利要求1所述的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜,其特征在于,所述非晶体金属化合物薄膜及所述晶体金属化合物薄膜由氧化钛形成。
5.一种光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的制作方法,其包括:
利用溅射法在基体表面上堆积金属化合物的极薄膜,再照射稀有气体和反应性气体的活性种,重复进行上述工序以形成由非晶体金属化合物薄膜构成的晶种层,
利用溅射法在该晶种层上堆积由金属及金属不完全反应物构成的极薄膜,再在与晶种层不同的条件下照射稀有气体和反应性气体的活性种,重复进行上述工序从而在与所述晶种层的界面至最表面柱状生长而形成晶体金属化合物薄膜。
6.如权利要求5所述的光催化剂多层金属化合物薄膜的制作方法,其特征在于,所述非晶体金属化合物薄膜及晶体金属化合物薄膜为氧化钛。
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