CN102482619A - 阳离子聚合物增稠剂 - Google Patents

阳离子聚合物增稠剂 Download PDF

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CN102482619A
CN102482619A CN2009801543125A CN200980154312A CN102482619A CN 102482619 A CN102482619 A CN 102482619A CN 2009801543125 A CN2009801543125 A CN 2009801543125A CN 200980154312 A CN200980154312 A CN 200980154312A CN 102482619 A CN102482619 A CN 102482619A
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弗雷德里克·布隆德尔
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Abstract

含有交联水溶胀阳离子聚合物的阳离子聚合物增稠剂，所述交联水溶胀阳离子聚合物含有至少一种阳离子单体和可选地非离子和或阴离子单体，所述聚合物含有少于所述聚合物总重量25％的水溶性聚合物链、和在所述聚合物中浓度为500ppm至5000ppm的一种交联剂。

Description

阳离子聚合物增稠剂
技术领域
本发明涉及阳离子交联聚合物及其作为增稠剂应用的技术领域。
背景技术
传统上，大多数国内衣物柔顺剂组合物含有增稠剂以对流变特性提供改善。
标准的阳离子聚合物增稠剂为交联的水溶胀聚合物，如在WO90/12862(BP化学)中公开的聚合物，其公开了轻度交联(5-45ppm)阳离子增稠剂的应用，或US2002/0132749(高露洁-棕榄公司)和《研究披露》429116所公开的重度交联阳离子增稠剂的应用。
衣物柔顺剂处理的一个缺点是衣物柔顺剂成分在衣物表面的逐渐过度积累，尤其是重复使用的后。这种在衣物上过度积累产生正电荷，并趋于与通常含有负电荷的灰尘和油污之间产生较强作用。这导致灰尘和油污更难以从衣物表面去除和更容易的再度沉积在衣物表面。因此，需要将衣物柔顺剂的副作用最小化和抑制再沉积以保持衣物的整洁。
尽管存在强烈的需求，但是现有技术在解决再沉积的问题上不足以令人满意，即在洗涤过程中已洗去的物质以污垢颗粒和脂肪的形式再污染的问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种有效的聚合物增稠剂，在纺织品产品的洗涤过程和后期处理中具有抑制再沉积的优点。
我们发现，这种目的可以通过使用特殊选择的聚合物增稠剂来实现。由于适宜的聚合条件(所用单体、活性物质浓度、交联剂/链转移剂比例)的选择，我们发现了一种新的阳离子聚合物增稠剂，显现出的水溶性聚合物链含量少，低于大约25％的重量百分比(占聚合物总重量)，优选为低于大约20％，最优选为低于大约15％，在阻止再沉积特性方面表现出意想不到的巨大的改善。重要的是，这种新聚合物不同于用于解决再沉积问题的、已被发现含有较高含量水溶性聚合物(＞30％的重量百分比)的标准阳离子聚合物增稠剂。
此外，与含有标准阳离子聚合物增稠剂的同类组合物相比，本发明衣物柔顺剂在综合性能方面具有优势，尤其是更好的抗老化稳定性和非常好的增粘性能。
也就是说，本发明涉及一种新的阳离子聚合物增稠剂，含有一种交联的水溶胀阳离子聚合物，所述阳离子聚合物含有至少一种阳离子单体，还可以含有非离子和或阴离子单体；所述聚合物含有少于所述聚合物总重量25％的水溶性聚合物链、和在所述聚合物中浓度为500ppm至5000ppm的一种交联剂。
优选地，本发明所述阳离子聚合物增稠剂含有占聚合物总重量低于20％、更优选为低于15％的水溶性聚合物链。
优选地，本发明所述阳离子聚合物增稠剂含有浓度为750ppm至5000ppm、更优选为1000至4500ppm的交联剂。
本发明所述聚合物增稠剂在传统油包水乳液中通过如下方法聚合制备：
—至少一种阳离子单体，
—可选的其他非离子和/或阴离子单体，
—在含有交联剂以及可选的还含有链转移剂存在的条件下。
根据本发明，在使用亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作为交联剂时，所述交联剂相对于聚合物的浓度必须高于大约500ppm，优选高于大约750ppm，或者其它达到同等交联水平的交联剂浓度为10至10.000ppm。
所述聚合增稠剂采用上述单体或上述单体的混合，在交联剂存在的条件下通过反相聚合制备，所述聚合增稠剂由一元不饱和烯属单体组成，一元不饱和烯属单体可以是水溶性阳离子单体或阳离子单体的混合物，可以是如下组成：
—只有阳离子单体，
—或者可以含有阳离子单体(或阳离子单体的混合物)和0至50摩尔百分比的非离子和/或阴离子单体的混合物。
本发明所用阳离子单体选自如下单体和衍生物和其四价盐或酸盐的组合：二甲胺基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、二甲胺基丙基丙烯酰胺、二烯丙基胺、甲基二烯丙基胺、二烷基胺基烷基丙烯酸酯和二烷基胺基烷基甲基丙烯酸酯、二烷基胺基烷基丙烯酰胺或二烷基胺基烷基甲基丙烯酰胺。
下面是非离子性单体的例举，但并不受限于如下例举：丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-烷基丙烯酰胺、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基甲酰胺、N-乙烯基乙酰胺、醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯基醇、丙烯酸酯、烯丙基醇。
下面是阴离子性单体的例举，但并不受限于如下例举：丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸、巴豆酸、马来酸、富马酸、以及带有磺酸或膦酸官能团的单体，如2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(ATBS)等等。
所述单体还可以含有疏水基团。
下面是交联剂的例举，但并不受限于如下例举：亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)、乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二丙烯酰胺、三烯丙基胺、氰甲基丙烯酰胺、乙氧基丙烯酸乙烯酯或乙氧基甲基丙烯酸酯和甲醛、乙二醛、缩水甘油醚型化合物如乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、或环氧化合物，或其它本领域技术人员所熟知的可进行交联的物质。
根据一种优选实施例，(基于MBA的)交联度的优选范围相对于所述聚合物为800至5000ppm，或采用不同效率交联剂时的与之等同的交联。
参照US2002/0132749和《研究披露》429116中的公开，聚合混合物中包含链转移剂(如异丙醇、次磷酸钠、巯基乙醇…)能够控制聚合物链的长度和交联密度，非线性程度可由此方法另行控制。
应当理解的是，根据本发明的一种基本实施方式，所述聚合物通过反相水包油乳液聚合的方法制备，即意味着，在聚合时，在油包水乳化剂存在的条件下，单体水溶液乳化进入合适的油相。乳化剂、聚合稳定剂、非水液体和其他反相聚合材料和详细工艺已有公开，如EP126528。
应当理解的是，所得到的反相乳液可以进行脱水，所得到的聚合物增稠剂在反相乳液中的浓度为15至65％的重量百分比。
乳液聚合得到的所述液体产物一般使用时，不将聚合物颗粒从所述液体产物中分离，但是如果需要干燥的聚合物颗粒，也可以通过现有技术进行分离，这些分离工艺包括将活性物质(即：聚合物)与乳液其他组分分离。可以使用如下的方法：
—不溶介质如丙酮、甲醇、和其它剂型溶剂沉淀，
—简单过滤，确保聚合物颗粒分离，
—在凝结剂和聚合物稳定剂存在下共沸蒸馏，凝结剂和稳定聚合物能够使得到凝聚物，凝聚物能够容易的通过聚合物颗粒干燥之前的精馏进行分离，
—“喷雾干燥”，或雾化干燥或粉碎，这一过程包括，在控制时间内，在热气流中制造出乳液的微小液滴云雾。
当反相聚合得到的油包聚合物乳液如上使用和直接加水制成组合物水溶液时，在水包油乳化剂存在条件下采用传统方法实施。
通过对本说明书的阅读和其掌握的知识，或通过简单的例行试验的结论，本领域专家能够理解聚合条件的最优化方案，从而最终聚合物含有水溶液聚合物组分，占聚合物总重量的含量范围低于25％(采用专利EP343810第8页公开的方法进行测定)。
尤其是，本领域专家基于其掌握的知识，能够知道如何估算链转移剂和交联剂的量，用来得到具有适当的水溶性聚合物含量和期望流变性的和最终聚合物。
具体实施方式
实施例1
A)阳离子聚合物的合成，本实施例描述了适合的阳离子聚合物的制备。
水溶性聚合物的水相通过下述组分共同混合制备：
—47.0份二甲基胺基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯氯甲烷季铵盐，
—6.0份丙烯酰胺，
—0.03份二乙三胺五乙酸五钠，
—14份水，
—0.03份亚甲基双丙烯酰胺，
—0.4份甲酸钠，
—利用柠檬酸调节pH值至4.0-6.0之间。
油相通过如下组分共同混合制备：
—2.0份单油酸脱水山梨醇酯，
—5.5份聚合物稳定剂，
—19.0份白矿油，
—6.0份脱芳烃烃溶剂，
两相按照1份油相对1份水相的比例，高剪切速率下载反应器中共同混合，制备油包水乳液，然后所述油包水乳液喷入氮气除氧。
加入氧化还原对焦亚硫酸钠和叔丁基过氧化物水溶液，开始聚合。
(绝热聚合)达到最高温度之后，乳液在65℃保持60分钟。
减压蒸馏除去水和挥发性溶剂，得到最终产品含有58％固体聚合物。
最后一步包括加入水包油乳剂以制成液体分散液来使用。然后加入100份蒸馏后的产品和6份乙氧基化脂肪醇。
B)粘度测试
制备1.0％的聚合物溶液，方法如：5g液体分散液(如上所述)倒入500g水中，搅拌15分钟(200rpm，3刀片叶轮)。
检测粘度：布鲁克费尔德粘度计(Brookfield Viscosimeter)RVT仪器，10rpm(每分钟转速)。
C)溶液组分百分比(EP343840)
本方法基于交联聚合物微凝胶通过离心分离从聚合物溶液中分离；离心分离前、后的聚合物含量通过胶体滴定测定，基于带电胶粒通过带相反电话聚合物作为可视指示剂进行滴定，来进行沉淀的化学计量。
精确计量聚合溶于非水液体得到的分散体大约20克，室温搅拌下加入200ml丙酮中，搅拌持续5分钟，然后沉淀的聚合物通过1号滤纸过滤，干燥箱内风干1小时，然后50℃干燥2小时，吸湿器内冷却，称重。因此，聚合物在初始分散体中的百分含量可以计算得到。
搅拌下，足够的分散体加入到去离子水中，制备大约200g含0.5％的重量百分比聚合物的粘稠浆料，搅拌采用3刀片叶轮、500rpm下搅拌45分钟。
含1.0克氯化钠溶于其中的210g去离子水，加入到40g所述浆料中，所述混合物仔细混合5分钟，降低离心分离粘度。
称量聚合物溶液(使用大约400ml)，装入并平衡Nalgene离心分离管(15300rpm)离心分离1.5小时。用吸管仔细取出顶部的5g聚合物溶液上清，所述聚合物溶液上清和离心之前总的水溶液样品进行胶体滴定，测定水溶性聚合物在离心分离之后的上清液中的含量。因此得出水溶液聚合物在初始聚合物中的百分含量值。
所述胶体滴定方法如下：
—聚乙烯硫酸钾(PVSK)：0.0025N溶液。
—盐酸：0.1N溶液，用于调节。
—甲苯胺蓝指示剂：0.1％溶液。
滴定在盐酸酸化的聚合物溶液(pH值大约为4)中进行，2-3滴甲苯胺蓝指示剂显色，PVSK缓慢加入直至盐酸由蓝色变为蓝紫色(violet)。
可溶物的百分含量根据平衡测量PVSK的体积、聚合重量、相关稀释物和试剂的摩尔浓度来测定。
D)再沉积性
所述聚合物再沉积性的测试方法如下：
油污再沉积性采用标准多次洗涤实验进行测试，结果发现，导致高夹带量主洗液进入最终漂洗的条件下，对油污再沉积影响最为敏感，只有一次漂洗的条件下尤其敏感。因此使用顶部投放式自动洗衣机，只使用一次单漂洗。
陪洗投放物(白色棉毛巾)放入洗衣机中，油污以标准油污陪洗物(standardsoil ballast fabrics)的形式加入到洗衣物中；标准油污陪洗物含有SBL2004标准油污陪洗衣物(standard soil ballast cloths)和专有油污陪洗衣物(proprietarysoil ballast cloths)的混合物。每种类型有5件衣物加入，油污总投放量大约为每件衣物投放80g。
推荐剂量的一种商业可用的洗涤剂(如：Omo Multi Acao)加入到主洗液中，含有本发明所述聚合物的处理组合物以标准剂量滴加到最终漂洗液中。
可视条件下观察，以评估油污再沉积的不平衡程度：通过+或-号进行对比并 分类每一件衣物。
实施例2-5
改变交联剂和链转移剂的量，重复实施例1的方法，所有结果列于表1中。
Figure BPA00001403412600061
表1

Claims (8)

1.一种阳离子聚合物增稠剂，其特征在于，含有水溶胀阳离子聚合物；所述交联水溶胀阳离子聚合物含有至少一种阳离子单体以及可选的含有非离子和或阴离子单体；其中，所述聚合物含有少于所述聚合物总重量25％的水溶性聚合物链、和浓度相对于所述聚合物为500ppm至5000ppm的一种交联剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阳离子聚合物增稠剂，其特征在于，所述聚合物含有的水溶性聚合物链占所述聚合物总重量的少于20％，更优选为少于15％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阳离子聚合物增稠剂，其特征在于，所述聚合物含有的一种交联剂浓度为750ppm至5000ppm，更优选为1000至4500ppm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阳离子聚合物增稠剂，其特征在于，所述阳离子单体选自如下单体和衍生物和其四价盐或酸盐的组合：二甲胺基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、二甲胺基丙基丙烯酰胺、二烯丙基胺、甲基二烯丙基胺、二烷基胺基烷基丙烯酸酯和二烷基胺基烷基甲基丙烯酸酯、二烷基胺基烷基丙烯酰胺或二烷基胺基烷基甲基丙烯酰胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阳离子聚合物增稠剂，其特征在于，所述非离子聚合物单体选自丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-烷基丙烯酰胺、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基甲酰胺、N-乙烯基乙酰胺、醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯基醇、丙烯酸酯、烯丙基醇。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阳离子聚合物增稠剂，其特征在于，所述阴离子单体选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸、巴豆酸、马来酸、富马酸、以及带有磺酸或膦酸官能团的单体，如2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(ATBS)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的阳离子聚合物增稠剂，其特征在于，所述交联剂选自亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)、乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二丙烯酰胺、三烯丙基胺、氰甲基丙烯酰胺、乙氧基丙烯酸乙烯酯或乙氧基甲基丙烯酸酯和甲醛、乙二醛、缩水甘油醚型化合物如乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、或环氧化合物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的阳离子聚合物增稠剂，其特征在于，所述聚合物通过反相聚合制备得到。
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