CN102471243A - 通过气相光气化制备二异氰酸酯的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种通过气相光气化制备二异氰酸酯的方法,所述方法由含相应二胺的进料料流和含光气进料料流开始,其中所述进料料流分开转化成气相并且预热到气相光气化的反应温度,其特征在于来自通过使用迪肯制氯法多相催化氧化氯化氢而制备氯气的设备的废热用于该目的。
Description
本发明涉及一种通过气相光气化制备二异氰酸酯的方法。
二异氰酸酯主要通过相应二胺的光气化制备。这可以在液相或气相中进行。在工业中,气相光气化相比于液相光气化具有许多优点,尤其是更高选择性,更低的毒性光气滞留量以及更低的资金和能量成本。
在气相光气化中,如果两种进料料流,即含胺进料料流和含光气进料料流还不是气体,则使其气化并达到约300-400℃的气相光气化反应温度。在现有技术中,该过热和需要的话气化间接如通过电热、燃烧气体或高压蒸汽进行。合适的话,期间引入通常呈液体的传热介质如盐熔体。然而,由已知方法提供高温热量成本非常高。
因此,本发明目的是提供一种通过气相光气化相应胺而制备二异氰酸酯的方法,其中加热和需要的话气化进料料流需要的热量以技术上简单的方式以低的资金和能量成本提供。
该目的通过一种通过气相光气化制备二异氰酸酯的方法实现,所述方法由含相应二胺的进料料流和含光气进料料流开始,其中所述进料料流分开转化成气相并且预热到气相光气化的反应温度,其中来自通过由迪肯制氯法多相催化氧化氯化氢而制备氯气的设备的废热用于该目的。
已经发现来自通过由迪肯制氯法多相催化氧化氯化氢而制备氯气的设备的废热可有利地用于使用于制备二异氰酸酯的气相光气化用进料料流达到约300-400℃的所需反应温度。本发明提供的在迪肯制氯法和气相光气化的热量方面的结合为技术上简单的巧妙的方案,因为温度位类似,即迪肯制氯法的反应热可以直接用于加热气相光气化用进料料流而得到二异氰酸酯。此外,在材料方面结合也是可以的:
在气相光气化中,不仅获得主产物,即二异氰酸酯,而且获得氯化氢。该氯化氢可以在迪肯制氯法中用作原料以氧化成氯气。迪肯制氯法和气相光气化的结合能够节省该两种工艺中的热控制外部设备的资金成本。合适的话,设备可以构造成具有较低压力等级,如当盐熔体用作传热介质时。
根据本发明,废热,即在由迪肯制氯法多相催化氧化氯化氢中产生的反应热用于过热和需要的话气化气相光气化用进料料流。
本发明不限于其中迪肯制氯法进行的具体方式;这尤其可以在固定床或流化床中进行。
胺优选具有200-400℃的温度。加入的胺的压力优选为0.05-3绝对巴。加入的光气的温度优选为250-450℃。为此,光气通常在加入之前以本领域熟练技术人员已知的方式加热。
加热光气和胺以及气化胺例如使用电热或通过燃烧燃料的直接或间接加热进行。所用燃料通常为燃料气,例如天然气。然而,通过降低胺的压力来降低沸点也可以使得例如通过蒸汽加热成为可能。蒸汽压力根据胺的沸点选择。蒸汽的合适蒸汽压例如为40-100巴。这对应于250-311℃的蒸汽温度。
通常需要在多级中将胺加热到反应温度。为此,胺通常首先被预热,然后气化,并且随后过热。气化通常需要最长的停留时间并由此导致胺的分解。为了使其最小化,在低温下气化,如借助较低压力获得的气化是有利的。为了将气化之后的气化胺过热到反应温度,借助蒸汽加热通常不够。因此,过热通常使用电热或通过燃烧燃料的直接或间接加热进行。
不同于胺的气化,光气的气化通常在显著更低的温度下进行。为此,蒸汽通常可以用于光气的气化。然而,为了将光气加热到反应温度所需要的过热通常可以仅通过电热或通过燃烧燃料的直接或间接加热进行。
含光气进料料流通常具有几乎100重量%的高光气含量以及尤其是镍和氯的残余物。
含二胺的进料料流包含对应于所需二异氰酸酯目标产物的二胺。所述二胺需要能够无分解地被气化。可以使用脂族、脂环族或芳族二胺,优选脂族二胺。
含光气进料料流和含二胺进料料流在每种情况下都可以用惰性气体稀释。
在本发明方法中用于形成相应异氰酸酯的反应的二胺为在二胺、相应中间体和相应异氰酸酯在所选反应条件下以气态存在的情况下的二胺。优选在反应条件下反应持续时间内以不大于2mol%,特别优选不大于1mol%,非常特别优选不大于0.5mol%的程度分解的二胺。特别合适的二胺为具有2-18个碳原子的二胺,尤其是基于脂族或脂环族烃的二胺。实例是1,6-二氨基己烷、1,5-二氨基戊烷、1,3-二(氨基甲基)环己烷、1-氨基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-氨基甲基环己烷(IPDA)和4,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷。优选使用1,6-二氨基己烷(HDA)。
无显著分解地转化成气相的芳族胺同样可用于本发明方法。优选芳族胺的实例是作为2,4或2,6-异构体或其混合物如80∶20-65∶35(mol/mol)混合物的甲苯二胺(TDA)、二氨基苯、2,6-二甲代苯胺、萘二胺(NDA)和2,4’-或4,4’-亚甲基(二苯基二胺)(MDA)或其异构体混合物。其中,优选的是二胺,特别优选的是2,4-和/或2,6-TDA,或2,4’-和/或4,4’MDA。
本发明不限于其中气相光气化进行的具体方式。这可有利地如EP 08168617.2所述通过经由喷射器将原料引入反应器中或如EP 08168617.2所述通过以在加入液体淬灭介质下的淬灭而冷却来自气相光气化的反应气体混合物进行。
优选预热所述两种进料料流,即含二胺进料料流和含光气进料料流至约300-400℃,优选约330-380℃的温度。
来自由迪肯制氯法多相催化氧化氯化氢的反应气体混合物可以有利地直接作为传热介质用于间接传热至气相光气化用进料料流。
在另一实施方案中,可以利用来自迪肯制氯法的反应气体混合物的温度加热第二传热介质,尤其是盐熔体或蒸汽,并且借助该第二传热介质加热气相光气化用原料。
预热和需要的话进料料流转化成气相可以在常规气化室构造如降膜蒸发器、薄膜蒸发器或升膜蒸发器中进行。
在一个实施方案中,预热和需要的话进料料流转化成气相在每种情况下可以在管壳式热交换器中进行,其中相应进料料流优选穿过管壳式热交换器的各管并且来自迪肯制氯法的反应气体混合物或第二传热介质穿过围绕各管的壳内空间。
Claims (8)
1.一种通过气相光气化制备二异氰酸酯的方法,所述方法由含相应二胺的进料料流和含光气进料料流开始,其中所述进料料流分开转化成气相并且预热到气相光气化的反应温度,其中来自通过由迪肯制氯法多相催化氧化氯化氢制备氯气的设备的废热用于该目的。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中分开将气相光气化用进料料流预热至约300-400℃,优选约360-380℃的温度。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中通过多相催化氧化氯化氢制备氯气在流化床中进行。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中来自通过由迪肯制氯法多相催化氧化氯化氢制备氯气的反应气体混合物直接作为传热介质用于间接传热至气相光气化用进料料流。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中第二传热介质作为传热介质用于间接传热至气相光气化用进料料流。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的方法,其中进料料流转化成气相和预热在每种情况下在管壳式热交换器中进行,其中相应进料料流穿过各管并且来自由迪肯制氯法多相催化氧化氯化氢成氯气的反应气体混合物或第二传热介质穿过围绕各管的壳内空间。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的方法,其中所述第二传热介质为盐熔体。
8.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的方法,其中所述第二传热介质为蒸汽。
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- 2010-08-10 BR BR112012002910A patent/BR112012002910A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-08-10 CN CN201080035435XA patent/CN102471243A/zh active Pending
- 2010-08-10 WO PCT/EP2010/061574 patent/WO2011018443A2/de active Application Filing
- 2010-08-10 JP JP2012524215A patent/JP5666584B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-08-10 EP EP10742484A patent/EP2464625A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-08-10 KR KR1020127006303A patent/KR20120041257A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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JP2013501747A (ja) | 2013-01-17 |
BR112012002910A2 (pt) | 2016-04-05 |
WO2011018443A2 (de) | 2011-02-17 |
KR20120041257A (ko) | 2012-04-30 |
JP5666584B2 (ja) | 2015-02-12 |
EP2464625A2 (de) | 2012-06-20 |
US20120142959A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
US8716517B2 (en) | 2014-05-06 |
WO2011018443A3 (de) | 2011-04-21 |
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