CN102422344B - 电泳显示器的驱动方法和波形 - Google Patents

电泳显示器的驱动方法和波形 Download PDF

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CN102422344B
CN102422344B CN201080020542.5A CN201080020542A CN102422344B CN 102422344 B CN102422344 B CN 102422344B CN 201080020542 A CN201080020542 A CN 201080020542A CN 102422344 B CN102422344 B CN 102422344B
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罗伯特·施普拉格
陈天佑
蒂恩·帕姆
林怡璋
曼阿萨·佩里
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E Ink Corp
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2003Display of colours
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/3433Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
    • G09G3/344Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/3433Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
    • G09G3/344Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices
    • G09G3/3446Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices with more than two electrodes controlling the modulating element
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/04Structural and physical details of display devices
    • G09G2300/0439Pixel structures
    • G09G2300/0452Details of colour pixel setup, e.g. pixel composed of a red, a blue and two green components
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/06Details of flat display driving waveforms
    • G09G2310/061Details of flat display driving waveforms for resetting or blanking
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/06Details of flat display driving waveforms
    • G09G2310/068Application of pulses of alternating polarity prior to the drive pulse in electrophoretic displays
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0252Improving the response speed

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Abstract

本申请旨在提供用于电泳显示器的驱动方法。该驱动方法和波形的优点在于能完全顺利地从一个图像转换到另一图像,并且不会出现闪烁或其他不期望的视觉干扰。该方法还能更快进行图像转换。在一实施例中,一种方法把显示设备从第一图像驱动成第二图像,其中,第一颜色的图像显示为具有第二颜色的背景,该方法包括在把第二颜色的像素直接驱动成第一颜色前把第一颜色的像素直接驱动成第二颜色。

Description

电泳显示器的驱动方法和波形
技术领域
本发明涉及显示设备尤其是电泳显示器的驱动方法和波形。
背景技术
电泳显示器(EPD)为基于溶剂中悬浮的带电颜料粒子的电泳现象的非自发光型设备。该显示器通常包括两块彼此相对设置的带电极的板。其中一个电极通常是透明的。由彩色溶剂和带电颜料粒子组成的悬浮液被密封在两块板之间。当在两个电极之间施加电压差时,根据电压差的极性,颜料粒子迁移至一侧或另一侧。从而,在观看侧可以看到颜料粒子或溶剂的颜色。通常,EPD可由单极或两极方法驱动。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供用于显示设备尤其是电泳显示器的驱动方法和波形。
第一方面旨在提供一种将显示设备从第一图像驱动为第二图像的方法,其中,第一颜色的图像被显示为具有第二颜色的背景,该方法包括在将第二颜色的像素直接驱动为第一颜色之前,将第一颜色的像素直接驱动为第二颜色。在一实施方式中,第一颜色为深色或黑色,第二颜色为浅色或白色,反之亦然。在一实施方式中,该方法包括双推从而在不改变颜色的情况下推动显示单元内的带电颜料粒子。
第二方面旨在提供一种将显示设备从第一图像驱动为第二图像的方法,其中,第一颜色的图像显示为具有第二颜色的背景,该方法包括在把第二颜色状态的像素直接驱动成第二中间色状态前把第一颜色状态的像素直接驱动成第一中间色状态。在一实施方式中,第一颜色为深色或黑色,第二颜色为浅色或白色,第一和第二中间颜色为灰色。在一实施方式中,第一和第二中间颜色的亮度级不同。在另一实施例中,第一和第二中间颜色的亮度级相同。
该驱动方法和波形能够提供从一个图像到另一图像的干净平滑的过渡,而不会出现闪烁或其他不期望的视觉干扰。
附图说明
图1为典型电泳显示设备的截面图。
图2a和图2b为采用本方法的驱动方法和波形把一个图像驱动成另一图像的示例。
图3是出了驱动方法和波形的实施例。
图4示出了包括双推的其他驱动方法和波形。
图5示出了涉及灰度的驱动方法和波形的另一实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出了本申请中的任意驱动方法可驱动的多像素显示器100中典型阵列式电泳显示单元10a、10b和10c。在图1中,在正面观看侧,电泳显示单元10a、10b和10c设置有公共电极11(通常是透明的)。在电泳显示单元10a、10b和10c的相对侧(即,后侧)上,基板(12)包括分散的像素电极12a、12b和12c。每个像素电极12a、12b和12c均限定多像素电泳显示器100的单个像素。但是,实际上,多个显示单元可与一个分散的像素电极相关,或多个像素可与一个显示单元相关。像素电极12a、12b和12c可在形式上分段,而不是像素式的(pixellated),从而限定要显示的图像的区域而不是单独的像素。因此,尽管在本发明中常用术语“像素”或“多个像素”来说明驱动实现过程,但是这些驱动实现过程也适用于分段显示器。
如果基板12和像素电极是透明的,也可从后侧观看该显示设备。
每个电泳显示单元10a、10b和10c中注有电泳液13。每个电泳显示单元10a、10b和10c被显示单元壁14包围。
显示单元内带电粒子的移动由施加给与该显示单元相关的公共电极和像素电极的电势差决定。
比如,带电粒子15可带正电,这样,对于像素电极或公共电极,哪个电极处在带电粒子15的反向电势,带电粒子就被吸引到哪个电极。如果给显示单元内的像素电极和公共电极施加相同的极性,则带正电的颜料粒子将被吸引到具有较低电势的电极。
在本申请中,术语“驱动电压”用于表示一个像素区域内带电粒子所受的电势差。比如,如果给公共电极施加零电压,给像素电极施加+15V的电压,则在该像素区域内带电颜料粒子的“驱动电压”为+15V。
在另一实施方式中,带电颜料粒子15可以带负电。
带电粒子15可以为白色。同样,对于本领域的技术人员来讲,显然带电粒子可以为深色并且分散在浅色的电泳液13中,从而提供视觉可分辨的足够对比度。
电泳显示器也可通过清澈(clear)或浅色的电泳液13以及具有携带相反粒子电荷的两种不同颜色和/或不同电动力属性的带电粒子15制成。
电泳显示单元10a、10b和10c可以为传统的壁式或分区式、微封装式或微杯式,这些都包含在本发明的范围内。在微杯式中,电泳显示单元10a、10b和10c可通过顶密封层密封。在电泳显示单元10a、10b和10c和公共电极11之间还可存在粘合层。
如上所述,显示设备可通过两极或单极方法驱动。
对于两极应用,可同时把区域从第一颜色更新到第二颜色并从第二颜色更新到第一颜色。两极方法不需要调制公共电极,并且,如上所述,仅在一个驱动阶段就可把一个图像驱动成另一图像。
对于单极应用,像素在两个驱动阶段被驱动为它们预定的颜色状态。在第一阶段,所选的像素从第一颜色被驱动为第二颜色。在第二阶段,余下的像素从第二颜色被驱动为第一颜色。
术语“二元系统”是指能够以两种对比色显示图像的显示设备。比如,其可以黑色在白色上或者白色在黑色上。更通俗来说,二元系统具有在第二颜色上的第一颜色。第一和第二颜色为任意两种视觉可分辨的颜色。
图2a为二元系统中实例方法的驱动方法和波形如何把一个图像驱动为另一图像的实施例。图2a左侧的第一图像首先被驱动成中间的过渡图像,然后再被驱动成图2a右侧的第二图像。图像通过电子数字分段显示器显示并由七个分段(I到VII)组成。
在图2a的实施例中,假设带正电的白色颜料粒子分散在黑色溶剂中。显示设备能够显示具有白色背景的黑色图像。
第一初始图像(表示数字“3”)具有五个黑色分段(I、III、IV、VI和VII)和两个白色分段(II和V)。第二图像(表示“6”)具有六个黑色分段和仅一个白色分段(III)。本发明的驱动波形用于把第一图像驱动为第二图像。在两个图像之间,分段I、IV、VI和VII保持黑色,而分段III从黑色变为白色,分段II和V从白色变为黑色。
如图2a中第一图像和第二图像之间的过渡图像所示,在从第一图像向第二图像过渡的过程中,分段I、IV、VI和VII保持不变。但是,与过去的方法不一样的是,在分段II和V从白色变成黑色之前分段III从黑色变成白色。第一过渡步骤把所有将会变成白色的黑色分段变成白色,第二过渡步骤把所有将会变成黑色的白色分段变成黑色。
图2a示出了通过采用本方法的驱动方法和波形,在把黑色像素驱动成白色并把白色像素驱动成黑色时,黑色像素向白色的颜色变化发生在白色像素向黑色的颜色变化之前。换句话说,黑色到白色的颜色变化与白色到黑色的颜色变化不同时进行。
本发明的单极驱动方法不同于以前的方法。在以前的方法中,第一颜色的像素和第二颜色的像素都可被驱动成一个颜色(第一颜色或第二颜色),然后分别驱动成各自的目标颜色状态。因此,这些方法的缺点在于出现闪烁并且驱动时间较长。
在本方法的一种单极驱动方法中,第一颜色的像素被直接驱动成第二颜色,第二颜色的像素被直接驱动成第一颜色,两个驱动步骤同时进行。
本发明的第一方面旨在提供在二元系统中将第一图像驱动成第二图像的方法,其中,第一颜色的图像显示为具有第二颜色的背景,该方法包括在将第二颜色的像素直接驱动成第一颜色之前将第一颜色的像素直接驱动成第二颜色。
在黑色图像显示为具有白色背景的实施例中,通过应用将第一图像驱动为第二图像的本方法,在白色像素被直接驱动成黑色之前黑色像素被直接驱动成白色。同理,在白色图像显示为具有黑色背景的示例中,通过应用将第一图像驱动为第二图像的本方法,在黑色像素被直接驱动成白色之前白色像素被直接驱动成黑色。
本方法可用于各种形式的显示器,包括分段显示器和基于非分段像素的显示器。如图2b所示,可实现更复杂的像素式的图像过渡。在第一过渡步骤中(从第一图像“X”到中间图像),将会变成白色的黑色像素(比如,2/0[x/y]、3/1、6/1、5/3、2/4、5/4、6/4、1/5、2/5、6/5和7/5)已经被转换成白色,在第二过渡步骤中(从中间图像到第二图像“Y”),将会变成黑色的白色像素被转换成黑色(比如,0/0、1/1、6/1、2/2、4/4、3/5和4/5)。
图3示出了这种驱动方法。在该实施例以及图4和图5所示的实施例中,颜料粒子带正电并且为白色或浅色。颜料粒子分散在黑色溶剂中。
在一实施方式中,驱动波形具有表示为I和II的两个驱动阶段。公共电极有五种波形,分别与黑色像素向黑色、黑色像素向白色、白色像素向黑色以及白色像素向白色的过渡相关。
黑色到黑色和白色到白色的波形与公共电极的波形相同。这说明不会驱动未变色的像素。
对于黑色到白色的波形,在I阶段颜色从黑色转换成白色,在II阶段保持白色。对于白色到黑色的波形,在I阶段颜色保持白色,在II阶段转换成黑色状态。如所阐述的,在从白色到黑色的颜色改变(II阶段)之前发生从黑色到白色的颜色改变(I阶段)。
第二方面旨在提供第一方面的驱动方法,还包括双推。
术语“双推”是指给像素施加正或负的驱动电压以缩短视觉过渡时间。
这种驱动方法如图4所示。图4的方法包括三个驱动阶段(Ia、Ib和II)。阶段Ia和Ib总共的持续时间与图3中阶段I的持续时间相近。在阶段Ia中,给要驱动成白色的黑色像素施加负驱动电压(比如,-2V)。在该阶段中,尽管没有观察到颜色变化,但是白色粒子被进一步推动(push)。黑色像素在阶段Ib变成白色并在阶段II保持白色状态。阶段Ia缩短了从黑色状态到白色状态的驱动时间(与图3中阶段I相比的阶段Ib),从而加快颜色过渡。尽管通过双推方法缩短了驱动时间,但是并没有影响白色状态的反射率。
同样,对于要驱动到黑色状态的白色像素,在阶段Ia,不施加驱动电压,随后在阶段Ib施加正驱动电压(+2V),使白色像素保持白色,然后在阶段II变成黑色状态。在一实施方式中,可缩短要驱动成黑色的白色像素的阶段Ib的持续时间,从而提供更短的白色到黑色的视觉过渡。但是,在任何情况下,黑色到白色的颜色变化发生(阶段Ib)在白色到黑色的颜色变化(阶段II)之前。
在图4中,不驱动保持黑色的黑色像素和保持白色的白色像素。
第三方面是旨在提供在二元系统中将第一图像驱动为第二图像的方法,其中,第一颜色的图像显示为具有第二颜色的背景,该方法包括在将第二颜色状态的像素直接驱动为第二中间颜色状态前将第一颜色状态的像素直接驱动为第一中间颜色状态。在一实施方式中,第一颜色状态为黑色,第二颜色状态为白色。“中间”颜色状态是第一和第二颜色状态之间的颜色。如果第一颜色状态为黑色,第二颜色状态为白色,则中间颜色状态可显示为灰色。在一实施方式中,第一和第二中间颜色的灰度级或其他中间着色不同。在另一实施方式中,第一和第二中间颜色的灰度级或其他中间着色相同。
图5为这种驱动方法的实施例。对于要被直接驱动成灰度级的黑色像素,黑色像素在阶段I的第一部分(标识为T1)被驱动成灰色状态并保持灰色。对于要驱动成灰度级的白色像素,白色像素在阶段II的第一部分(T2)被驱动成灰度级。因此,黑色到灰色的改变发生在白色到灰色的改变之前。图5的概括方法可用于具有两种对比色和任意中间色的任意组合的显示器中。
在一实施方式中,灰度通过施加脉冲的长度确定。在图5中,对于黑色像素,当T1增加时,灰色变浅,对于白色像素,当T2增加时,灰色变深。
在所有实施方式中,关于驱动波形阶段的术语“前”、“后”以及“随后”并不一定意味或要求阶段之间有时间延迟。如图3,图4和图5所示,随后阶段可在前一阶段后立即开始。
在图3到图5中,电压V可以为15伏,但是,其他实施方式可采用其他电压电平。
在一实施方式中,公共电极和像素电极分别被连接至两个独立的驱动电路,两个驱动电路又被连接至显示控制器。实际上,显示控制器向驱动电路发送分别给公共电极和像素电极施加合适的驱动电压的信号。更具体来说,显示控制器基于要显示的图像选择合适的波形,然后逐帧向电路发送驱动信号,以通过在如本申请公开的波形限定的适当的时间给公共电极和像素电极施加适当的电压来执行波形,或形成本申请公开的波形。术语“帧”表示波形的定时分辨率。显示控制器可包括场可编程门整列(FPGA)或专用集成电路(ASIC),该场可编程门整列(FPGA)或专用集成电路(ASIC)包括被配置为输出信号从而使驱动电路施加与本申请所示和所述波形相应的电压的逻辑电路。波形可存储在存储器中或在编程的门阵列或其他逻辑中表示。这些控制器为包括当执行时通过在把第二颜色的像素直接驱动成第一颜色前把第一颜色的像素直接驱动成第二颜色使显示设备从第一图像驱动成第二图像的电路逻辑的电子数字显示控制器的实施例,其中,第一颜色的图像被显示成具有第二颜色的背景。
像素电极可以是沉积在诸如挠性基板的基板上的TFT(thin filmtransistors,薄膜晶体管)。
为了能够透彻理解,尽管已经对上述发明进行了详细说明,但是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,显然可在所附权利要求的范围内进行特定的变化和修改。需要注意的是,有多种其他实现电泳显示器以及包括但不限于液晶、滚珠、介电泳和电润湿的其他类型的显示器的改进驱动方案的方法和装置的方案。因此,上述实施方式可认为是示例性的而非限制性的,并且本发明的特征并不限于在本文中给出的细节,而是可在所附权利要求的范围和等同物内进行修改。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于将电泳显示器从第一图像驱动为第二图像的方法,其中,
i)所述电泳显示器包括电泳液,所述电泳液包括浸入溶剂的带电颜料粒子;
ii)第一颜色的图像被显示为具有第二颜色的背景;以及
iii)通过所述溶剂中的所述带电颜料粒子的运动显示颜色状态,其中,所述方法包括在将所述第一图像中的所述第二颜色的且所述第二图像中的所述第一颜色的像素直接驱动为所述第一颜色之前,将所述第一图像中的所述第一颜色的且所述第二图像中的所述第二颜色的像素直接驱动为所述第二颜色。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第一颜色为黑色,所述第二颜色为白色,或相反。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括在显示单元内推动带电颜料粒子而不改变颜色的双推。
4.一种用于将电泳显示器从第一图像驱动为第二图像的方法,其中,
i)所述电泳显示器包括电泳液,所述电泳液包括浸入溶剂的带电颜料粒子;
ii)第一颜色的图像被显示为具有第二颜色的背景;以及
iii)通过所述溶剂中的所述带电颜料粒子的运动显示颜色状态,其中,所述方法包括在将第二颜色状态的像素直接驱动为第二中间颜色状态之前,将第一颜色状态的像素直接驱动为第一中间颜色状态。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第一颜色为黑色,所述第二颜色为白色,第一和第二中间颜色为灰色。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,所述第一和第二中间颜色具有不同的亮度级。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,所述第一和第二中间颜色具有相同的亮度级。
8.一种电子数字显示控制器,包括电路逻辑,当所述电路逻辑执行时,将电泳显示器从第一图像驱动为第二图像,其中,
i)所述电泳显示器包括电泳液,所述电泳液包括浸入溶剂的带电颜料粒子;
ii)第一颜色的图像被显示为具有第二颜色的背景;以及
iii)通过所述溶剂中的所述带电颜料粒子的运动显示颜色状态,通过在将所述第一图像中的第二颜色的且所述第二图像中所述第一颜色的像素直接驱动为所述第一颜色之前,将所述第一图像中的所述第一颜色的且所述第二图像中的所述第二颜色的像素直接驱动为第二颜色。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电子数字显示控制器,其中,所述第一颜色为黑色,所述第二颜色为白色,或相反。
10.根据权利要求8所述的电子数字显示控制器,其中,所述电路逻辑在执行时引起在显示单元内推动带电颜料粒子而不改变颜色的双推。
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US20160365022A1 (en) 2016-12-15

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