CN102352254B - Red soil improving agent - Google Patents
Red soil improving agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN102352254B CN102352254B CN201110240926.4A CN201110240926A CN102352254B CN 102352254 B CN102352254 B CN 102352254B CN 201110240926 A CN201110240926 A CN 201110240926A CN 102352254 B CN102352254 B CN 102352254B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 hydrogen calcium oxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 37
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 12
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910001710 laterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011504 laterite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004856 soil analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000756137 Hemerocallis Species 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000189548 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- JAQXDZTWVWLKGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Al+3].[Fe+2] Chemical compound [O-2].[Al+3].[Fe+2] JAQXDZTWVWLKGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical class O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a red soil improving agent which comprises the following components by weight percent: 30%-40% of red mud, 15%-25% of sepiolite, 20%-30% of straw biomass char, 10%-15% of calcium hydroxide and 10%-15% of magnesium oxide. Full test results prove that, by adopting the red soil improving agent and a preparation method thereof provided by the invention, the problems of poor crop growth and low yield caused by soil acidification in red soil areas in China, serious shortage of supply of calcium, magnesium and other medium elements and the like can be effectively solved, thereby having abroad application prospects in the red soil areas in the South.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil improvement agent, relating in particular to can sweetening of the soil acidity and regulate the modifying agent of soil chemical properties.
Background technology
Be subject to the impact of high temperature, rainy factors such as envrionment conditions, the positively charged ions such as the middle potassium of the soil in south China area (abbreviation red soil), calcium, magnesium are easy to lose by approach such as leachings, iron-aluminium oxide content is high, formed clay mineral is mainly kaolinite class, therefore, soil nutrient deficiency, acid strong, structure is poor and preserve moisture and fertility ability is weak etc., having become low, the inferior major reason of this area's crop yield, is also the important factor that this regional agriculture sustainable development of restriction and Comprehensive Productivity promote.In recent years, being subject to the impact of the many factors such as fertilising, management, there is the trend of aggravation in the phenomenon of southern area soil acidification.Therefore, contain to greatest extent soil acidification, improvement soil acidity, is to promote this area's agricultural to further develop and further promote the important leverage of integrated production capacity.
For many years, about the researchs such as improvement of red soil acidity, be subject to extensive concern, as all there being the problem that relates to red soil acidifying improvement in country " 15 ", Eleventh Five-Year Plan plan of science and technology; And the acid soil improving agent of developing under the support of relevant problem is also more, if any the report that utilizes the materials such as trade waste alkaline residue and use in conjunction with modification, biomass char etc.But from integral body, the cost of most of modifying agents is higher, and preparation process is more complicated, lack supplementing nutrient in soil (particularly alkali nutrient).Therefore, even if these modifying agents have certain effect in soil acidity improvement, but it is comparatively limited to effects such as the improvement of crop yield and soil other side, has limited its application in actual production.Therefore exploitation can be concentrated with soil acidity, middle amount nutritive element nutrient, improvement soil property is provided and improves the functions such as soil productivity in the improver special of one, to southern area high grade and yield of crops, improvement of soil fertility and overall productivity in agriculture lifting etc., all tool is of great significance.
At present, domestic yet there are no utilize agricultural crop straw to prepare biomass char and add the trade wastes such as red mud, mix with the moderate-element such as calcium magnesium use and tool sweetening of the soil acidity, regulate middle element nutrient supply, the technology that increases the functions such as crop yield and improvement soil physico-chemical property and the lower soil improvement agent of production cost records.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of red soil improving agent, suppresses soil acidity when can make red soil region increasing crop yield.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of red soil improving agent, count by weight percentage by following material and form: 30%～40% red mud, 15%～25% sepiolite, 20%～30% straw biomass be burnt, 10%～15% calcium hydroxide and 10%～15% magnesium oxide.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of foregoing red soil improving agent, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
The modifying agent that is double centner altogether by preparation gross weight calculates, by containing 30～40 kilograms of natural wind dry doublings and crossing, the paddy rice of 1.5～2.0mm sieve is pulverized and is crossed to the industrial waste red mud of 1.5～2.0mm sieve, 15～25 kilograms of sepiolites, 40～50 kilograms or the material of maize straw evenly mixes, while adding appropriate water extremely to grab with hand till energy water outlet;
The material that adds water be placed in cement pit and cover, banking up after 3～5 days, in cement pit, moving into carbide furnace, being slowly heated to 500～550 ℃ and keep 100 minutes～2.5 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature;
From carbide furnace, take out the material that is cooled to room temperature, add 10～15 kg of hydrogen calcium oxide and 10～15 kilograms of magnesium oxide, and evenly mix, levigate mistake 0.20～0.30mm sieve, makes red soil improving agent.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides the application of a kind of foregoing red soil improving agent on the crop yield that increases khoai.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides the application of a kind of foregoing red soil improving agent aspect the acidifying of inhibition red soil.
Red soil improving agent provided by the invention and preparation method thereof is through sufficient experiment results proved, can effectively solve that the plant growth that the moderate-element such as China's red soil region soil acidification, calcium magnesium supply wretched insufficiency etc. causes is poor, the problem that yields poorly, in Red Soil Region of South China, be with a wide range of applications.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with preferred embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described below is only for explaining the present invention, the technical scheme being not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Red soil improving agent provided by the invention, count by weight percentage, comprising: 30%～40% red mud, 15%～25% sepiolite, 20%～30% straw biomass be burnt, 10%～15% calcium hydroxide (white lime) and 10%～15% magnesium oxide (light burnt powder).
In the above-described embodiments, 20%～30% biomass char is that 40～50% agricultural crop straws (such as paddy rice, millet or maize straw) are generated by carbonization.
Embodiment 2
The embodiment of the method for preparing above-mentioned red soil improving agent comprises the steps:
The modifying agent that is double centner altogether by preparation gross weight calculates, by containing 30 kilograms of natural wind dry doublings and crossing, the paddy rice of 1.5mm sieve is pulverized and is crossed to the industrial waste red mud of 1.5mm sieve, 20 kilograms of sepiolites, 50 kilograms or the material of maize straw evenly mixes, while adding appropriate water extremely to grab with hand till energy water outlet;
The material that adds water is placed in cement pit and covers (making it in relatively airtight environment), bank up after 3～5 days, in cement pit, move into carbide furnace, slowly be heated to 500～550 ℃ and keep 100 minutes (make agricultural crop straw carbonization and fully react with materials such as the red mud mixing, sepiolites), naturally cool to room temperature;
From carbide furnace, take out the material that is cooled to room temperature, add 15 kg of hydrogen calcium oxide (white lime) and 10 kilograms of magnesium oxide (light burnt powder), and evenly mix, the levigate 0.20mm sieve of crossing, makes red soil improving agent of the present invention.
Embodiment 3
The embodiment of the method for preparing above-mentioned red soil improving agent comprises the steps:
The modifying agent that is double centner altogether by preparation gross weight calculates, by containing 40 kilograms of natural wind dry doublings and crossing, the paddy rice of 2.0mm sieve is pulverized and is crossed to the industrial waste red mud of 2.0mm sieve, 15 kilograms of sepiolites, 45 kilograms or the material of maize straw evenly mixes, while adding appropriate water extremely to grab with hand till energy water outlet;
The material that adds water is placed in cement pit and covers (making it in relatively airtight environment), bank up after 3～5 days, in cement pit, move into carbide furnace, slowly be heated to 500～550 ℃ and keep 2 hours (make agricultural crop straw carbonization and fully react with materials such as the red mud mixing, sepiolites), naturally cool to room temperature;
From carbide furnace, take out the material that is cooled to room temperature, add 10 kg of hydrogen calcium oxide (white lime) and 15 kilograms of magnesium oxide (light burnt powder), and evenly mix, the levigate 0.25mm sieve of crossing, makes red soil improving agent of the present invention.
Embodiment 4
The embodiment of the method for preparing above-mentioned red soil improving agent comprises the steps:
The modifying agent that is double centner altogether by preparation gross weight calculates, by containing 35 kilograms of natural wind dry doublings and crossing, the paddy rice of 2.0mm sieve is pulverized and is crossed to the industrial waste red mud of 2.0mm sieve, 25 kilograms of sepiolites, 40 kilograms or the material of maize straw evenly mixes, while adding appropriate water extremely to grab with hand till energy water outlet;
The material that adds water is placed in cement pit and covers (making it in relatively airtight environment), bank up after 3～5 days, in cement pit, move into carbide furnace, slowly be heated to 500～550 ℃ and keep 2.5 hours (make agricultural crop straw carbonization and fully react with materials such as the red mud mixing, sepiolites), naturally cool to room temperature;
From carbide furnace, take out the material that is cooled to room temperature, add 12 kg of hydrogen calcium oxide (white lime) and 13 kilograms of magnesium oxide (light burnt powder), and evenly mix, the levigate 0.30mm sieve of crossing, makes red soil improving agent of the present invention.
Test 1
Near qiyang,hunan county Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences red soil experiment centre, select the nonirrigated farmland that plot gesture is smooth, shape is upright, formed by Laterite parent material development, its area 1 mu of left and right, fertility is barren and acid stronger, on this nonirrigated farmland, carries out field plot trial.
Test arranges 5 kinds and processes type, is respectively: (1) (CK) do not apply fertilizer; (2) single (NPK) to fertilize; (3) single organic fertilizer (M); (4) organic-inorganic fertilizer compounding application (NPK-M); (5) on single basis to fertilize, enrich the 15 kilograms/667m of red soil improving agent of the present invention of embodiment 2
2(NPK-R).Experimental plot area 6.8m * 4.5m=30.6m
2, repeating 3 times, random district group is arranged; For studying thing, it is peanut.
After peanut seeding, observe the growth periods such as its seeding stage, flowering period, ripening stage.Ripe Hou，An gathers in, dries respectively in community, measures peanut stem leaf and grain yield.
Before peanut seeding and after results, gather respectively every community arable layer (0～20cm) soil, after evenly mixing, stay and about 1kg, take back Indoor Natural and dry, pulverized 20 orders, retain standby.From the sample of mistake 20 mesh sieves, take out 50～100 grams of samples, continue to pulverize and whole mistake 100 mesh sieves, retain standby.All pedotheques, after off-test, together carry out the mensuration of the physical and chemical indexs such as pH value, exchangeability acid, exchangeable base composition, nitrogen phosphorus potassium and organic content.
In this test, each is processed rate of fertilizer and is:
For single process to fertilize (NPK), by nitrogenous fertilizer 5.2kgN/667m
2(folding urea 11.3kg/667m
2, urea calculates by 46% containing N amount), phosphate fertilizer 3.75kgP
2o
5/ 667m
2(folding calcium superphosphate 31.3kg/667m
2, calcium superphosphate is containing P
2o
5amount is calculated by 12%), potash fertilizer 4.5kgK
2o/667m
2(folding potassium sulfate 8.7kg/667m
2, potassium sulfate is containing K
2o amount is calculated by 52%).
For single organic fertilizer, process (M), by using 1625.0 kilograms/667m of cow dung
2, according to using front measurement result, the N-P-K content of cow dung is respectively N0.32%, P
2o
50.25%, K
2o0.15%, folding 5.2kg N/667m
2, 4.06kg P
2o
5/ 667m
2, 2.43kg K
2o/667m
2; In single organic fertilizer processing, the part of npk nutrient amount of application deficiency is supplemented with chemical fertilizer, is using 1625.0 kilograms/667m of cow dung
2basis on, according to the equal principle of nutrient amount of application, enrich K
2o2.07kg/667m
2, amount to potassium sulfate 4.0kg/667m
2.
For Mixed Application of Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers, processing (NPK-M), is that 4:6 uses by organonitrogen with the ratio of inorganic nitrogen, after the corresponding nutrient of phosphorus potash fertilizer in deduction fertilizer, with chemical fertilizer, supplies, and uses 650.0 kilograms/667m of cow dung
2, nitrogen 3.1kg/667m
2(close urea 6.8kg/667m
2); P
2o
52.1kg (closes calcium superphosphate 17.7kg/667m
2); K
2o3.5kg/667m
2(close potassium sulfate 6.8kg/667m
2).
The phosphate fertilizer of using in test, fertilizer are all used in plantation previous crops base manure, and nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer divide to be made base manure and topdresses and use, and base proportion of additional fertilizer is 6:4 by total.
After each processes peanut harvesting, grain yield is as shown in table 1.
The comparison of table 1 different treatment output
From the results shown in Table 1, in the acid soil of Laterite parent material development, under different treatment, the volume variance of peanut is obvious, on single basis to fertilize, enrich after red soil improving agent of the present invention (NPK-R) processing, the increase rate of peanut yield is larger, even the organic-inorganic fertilizer compounding application (NPK-M) best with effect under conventional fertilizer application processed and compared, its effect of increasing production is also fairly obvious.
Use output and other processing of red soil improving agent processing of the present invention and compare, contrast (CK) volume increase 119.2kg/667m
2, improve 94.3%; Than single (NPK) to fertilize, process and increase 34.2kg/667m
2, improve 16.2%; Than single organic fertilizer (M), process and increase 45.1kg/667m
2, improve 22.5%; Than organo-mineral combined fertilization (NPK-M), process volume increase 18.9kg/667m
2, improve 8.3%, its effect of increasing production is more obvious.
Test 2
At Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's Yueyang agricultural environment experiment centre, select the lower Upland Red Soil of pH value to carry out simultaneous test, 2 mu of left and right of land for growing field crops area and physical features is smooth, shape is upright, the land for growing field crops that will be for experiment is divided into 7.5 * 5=37.5 square metre of 16Ge community and (littlely divides into one group for every 4, totally 4 groups, be respectively: I, II, III, IV).
Test arranges the processing of 4 types, is respectively: (1) (CK) do not apply fertilizer; (2) single (NPK) to fertilize; (3) single organic fertilizer (M); (4) on single basis to fertilize, enrich the 15 kilograms/667m of red soil improving agent of the present invention of embodiment 3
2(NPK-R).Each processes test all according to random district group arrangement mode, and each is processed and repeats 4 times; With corn, as confession, study thing.
In this test, except CK processes, all the other amounts of application of respectively processing npk nutrient keep relatively consistent, and when wherein chemical fertilizer is processed maize planting, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 18kg N/667m
2(folding urea 39.1kg/667m
2, urea is by calculating containing N amount 46%), the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 6kg P
2o
5/ 667m
2use (folding calcium superphosphate 50kg/667m
2, P in calcium superphosphate
2o
5content calculates by 12%), the amount of application of potash fertilizer is 12kgK
2o/667m
2(folding potassium sulfate 23.1kg/667m
2, potassium sulfate is by containing K
2o52% calculates).Single organic fertilizer is for using pig manure, sampling analysis result when using, and in pig manure, N-P-K content is respectively containing N0.53%, P
2o
50.84%, K
2o0.71%, therefore, pig manure amount of application is calculated as 3400.0 kilograms/667m by nitrogen fertilizer amount
2, wherein the amount of application of phosphorus potassium nutrition has surpassed chemical fertilizer processing, therefore does not need to supplement.
In this test, phosphate fertilizer, fertilizer are all used in sowing previous crops base manure, modifying agent after Soil tillage, use base manure and used before 3～5 days; Nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer are all made base manure, 40% by 60% and are topdressed and use.The fertilizer of using as base manure all takes the mode of spreading manuer in holes to apply in corn seeding, but should avoid directly contacting with corn seed.
After corn seeding, observe the growth phases such as its seeding stage, jointing stage, tasseling stage, flowering period, the phase of weaving silk, ripening stage.The ripe Hou，An of corn gathers in, dries respectively in community, measures cauline leaf and grain yield.
Test all gathers 0～20cm soil layer soil by methods involving before corn seeding and after results, after evenly mixing, leaves that about 1kg, to take back Indoor Natural air-dry, levigate and 20 mesh sieves, retain standby.From the sample of mistake 20 mesh sieves, take out 50～100 grams of samples, continue levigate and whole mistake 100 mesh sieves, retain standby.All pedotheques, after off-test, together carry out the mensuration of the physical and chemical indexs such as pH value, exchangeability acid, exchangeable base composition, nitrogen phosphorus potassium and organic content.
In this test, after results, maize grain yield is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 different treatment maize grain yield (kilogram/37.5m
2)
By relatively can finding out of table 2 different treatment maize grain yield, use red soil improving agent of the present invention and process (NPK-R) maize grain yield, more singly execute n p k fertilizer processing (NPK) and increase by 20.4%, more single organic fertilizer is processed (M) increases by 12.4%, and compare not fertilizer treatment (CK), increase by 36.6%, its obvious effect of increasing production to corn.
Test 3
The nonirrigated farmland of selecting a Laterite parent material development at qiyang,hunan county Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences red soil experiment centre periphery, this Fertility is barren, pH value 5.6, the about 750m of area
2.
In this nonirrigated farmland, carry out field test community, area is 8m * 5m=40m
2.Set up four kinds to process type: (1) (CK) do not apply fertilizer; (2) single (NPK) to fertilize; (3) single organic fertilizer (M); (4) single to fertilize+use the 15 kilograms/667m of red soil improving agent of the present invention of embodiment 4
2(NPK-R).Test repeats 3 Ci， communities and arranges by random district group, for studying thing, is daylily.The modifying agent of the present invention of preparing according to embodiment 1 method spring Radix hemerocalis plicatae transplant and to spread manuer in holes for first 3～5 days, and avoid using with n p k fertilizer simultaneously.
Each rate of fertilizer application of processing is respectively: CK processes and do not use any fertilizer.List is processed nitrogenous fertilizer to fertilize by per season 12.0kgN/667m
2use (folding urea 26.1kg/667m
2, urea is by calculating containing N46%); Phosphate fertilizer is by per season 8kgP
2o
5/ 667m
2use (folding calcium superphosphate 66.7kg/667m
2, calcium superphosphate is by containing P
2o
512% calculates); Potash fertilizer is by per season 10.0kgK
2o/667m
2use (folding potassium sulfate 19.2kg/667m
2, potassium sulfate is by containing K
2o52% calculates).Fertilizer is processed and is used pig manure, by using front sampling determination result containing N0.40%, P
2o
50.36%, K
2o0.52% calculates, and take with the nitrogen such as single processing to fertilize amount conversion amount of application is 3000.0kg/667m
2, in fertilizer processing, phosphorus potassium nutrition has surpassed single amount of processing to fertilize, therefore does not need to supplement phosphorus potassium fertilizer again.
Single to fertilize+use embodiment 4 red soil improving agent of the present invention processing npk nutrient amount of application with singly process to fertilize identically, but 3～5 days hole pressing applying methods apply the red soil improving agent 15kg/667m of the present invention of embodiment 4 before base manure is used
2.
In the various fertilizer of using, fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer is all as base manure, Radix hemerocalis plicatae, transplants during a front hole pressing applying method is manured into soil; Nitrogenous fertilizer is used according to base manure, the mode of topdressing for twice, and its ratio is 5:3:2, topdresses 30% in base manure 50%, seedling stage, the flower bud phase topdresses 20%, and wherein base manure and phosphorus potash fertilizer are together used, and topdress and at seedling stage, hole pressing in squaring period applying method, use respectively.The above-mentioned field management that each is processed is identical with common land for growing field crops.
After Radix hemerocalis plicatae is transplanted, observe and record its growth phase.Gather after chrysanthemum at every turn, by processing, weigh respectively, calculate Radix hemerocalis plicatae output (fresh weight).
Before on-test and after finishing, all by methods involving, gather 0～20cm soil layer soil, after evenly mixing, leave that about 1kg, to take back Indoor Natural air-dry, levigate and 20 mesh sieves, retain standby.From the sample of mistake 20 mesh sieves, take out 50～100 grams of samples, continue levigate and whole mistake 100 mesh sieves, retain standby.All pedotheques, after off-test, together carry out the mensuration of the physical and chemical indexs such as pH value, exchangeability acid, exchangeable base composition, nitrogen phosphorus potassium and organic content.
It is as shown in table 3 that Radix hemerocalis plicatae output is respectively processed in test.
The comparison of table 3 different treatment daylily output
As can be seen from Table 3, in the Upland Red Soil of test their location, plant Radix hemerocalis plicatae, fertilizer treatment all shows good effect of increasing production, the more single organic fertilizer of effect of increasing production (M) treatment effect that wherein single (NPK) to fertilize processes is good, and this is may be to a great extent fast compared with fertilizer with fertilizer efficiency, more sufficient etc. relevant to the supply of this season crop nutrition content.And on single basis to fertilize, enrich after the red soil improving agent of the embodiment of the present invention 4, the output of Radix hemerocalis plicatae more do not apply fertilizer (CK) process and increased by 1.15 times, single (NPK) to fertilize processes output increases 43.3kg/667m
2, improved 21.3%, more single organic fertilizer (M) is processed output increases 82.8kg/667m
2, improved 50.7%, its effect of increasing production is fairly obvious.
Test 1～the test relevant physical and chemical properties change of 3 front and back soil
By before the test of afore-mentioned test 1～test 3, mistake 20 orders that gather respectively after off-test crop harvesting and retain, the pedotheque of 100 mesh sieves, according to methods involving, measure exchangeability acid, exchangeability H
+, exchangeable Al
3+, the nutrient such as pH value and organic matter and nitrogen phosphorus potassium content, the analytical results before and after different tests is compared.Wherein, test 1 soil analysis result as shown in table 4.
The relevant physical and chemical properties change of soil before and after test under table 4 different treatment
Result from table 4 can be found out, in this test, plant under peanut condition, except contrast, the different treatment soil organism, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content all have certain amplitude to increase, i.e. nutrient surplus accumulating in soil relatively to some extent under this research Fertilization Level, this has better effects to improving deliverability of soil nutrient.And soil pH value under different treatment, exchangeability acid, exchangeability H
+, exchangeable Al
3+content comparison, exchangeability acid, exchangeability H in the rising amplitude of soil pH value, soil
+, exchangeable Al
3+the reduction amplitude of content all with single to fertilize+use the better effects if after red soil improving agent of the present invention, pH value is processed and is increased Yue0.1Ge unit, the minimizing of exchangeability acid content 0.2cmol (+)/kg, exchangeability H compared with other
+content reduces 0.1cmol (+)/kg, exchangeable Al
3+content also has certain amplitude to reduce, and processes relatively with other, uses red soil improving agent of the present invention remarkable to inhibition soil acidification, improvement soil acidity effect.
In conjunction with the comparison of aforementioned different treatment peanut yield, to use after modifying agent of the present invention, peanut yield improves, soil acidity is improved, acidifying is effectively controlled, and its effect is very significant.
In test 2, soil analysis result is as shown in table 5.
The relevant physical and chemical properties change of soil before and after test under table 5 different treatment
From the results shown in Table 5, in Upland Red Soil during maize planting, use after red soil improving agent of the present invention, not only corn is had to good effect of increasing production, and soil nutrient content also has certain amplitude to increase, soil pH value is in rising trend, exchangeability acid content has certain decline, exchangeability H
+, exchangeable Al
3+content also process and relatively to have certain amplitude to reduce with other, this result is consistent with the variation tendency under aforementioned plantation peanut condition, illustrates that using this modifying agent has good effect really to improveing soil acidity.
In test 3, soil analysis result is as shown in table 6.
The relevant physical and chemical properties change of soil before and after test under table 6 different treatment
From the results shown in Table 6, when Upland Red Soil plantation Radix hemerocalis plicatae, use red soil improving agent of the present invention, not only it has good effect of increasing production to Radix hemerocalis plicatae, and has improved to a great extent the physico-chemical property of soil.In the index of correlation that this test is measured, use after red soil improving agent of the present invention, the result of the character such as soil nutrient and aforementioned plantation peanut, corn is roughly the same, and organic and nutrient content has certain amplitude to increase, soil pH value has certain amplitude to improve, exchangeability acid, exchangeability H
+, exchangeable Al
3+content all have to a certain degree and to decline.This result illustrates equally, uses after modifying agent of the present invention, not only crop is had to good effect of increasing production, and has good acid improving effect simultaneously.
For those skilled in the art; after having understood content of the present invention and principle; can be in the situation that not deviating from the principle and scope of the present invention; the method according to this invention is carried out various corrections and the change in form and details, but these are based on correction of the present invention with change still within claim protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a red soil improving agent, it is characterized in that, count by weight percentage by following material and form: 30%～40% red mud, 15%～25% sepiolite, 20%～30% straw biomass be burnt, 10%～15% calcium hydroxide and 10%～15% magnesium oxide.
2. a preparation method for red soil improving agent as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
The modifying agent that is double centner altogether by preparation gross weight calculates, by containing 30～40 kilograms of natural wind dry doublings and crossing, the paddy rice of 1.5～2.0mm sieve is pulverized and is crossed to the industrial waste red mud of 1.5～2.0mm sieve, 15～25 kilograms of sepiolites, 40～50 kilograms or the material of maize straw evenly mixes, while adding appropriate water extremely to grab with hand till energy water outlet;
The material that adds water be placed in cement pit and cover, banking up after 3～5 days, in described cement pit, moving into carbide furnace, being slowly heated to 500～550 ℃ and keep 100 minutes～2.5 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature;
From described carbide furnace, take out the material that is cooled to room temperature, add 10～15 kg of hydrogen calcium oxide and 10～15 kilograms of magnesium oxide, and evenly mix, levigate mistake 0.20～0.30mm sieve, makes described red soil improving agent.
3. a red soil improving agent as claimed in claim 1 application on the crop yield that increases khoai.
4. a red soil improving agent as claimed in claim 1 is in the application suppressing aspect red soil acidifying.
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| CN102972113B (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2015-02-04 | 江西省红壤研究所 | Acid reduction and humidity regulation method for red upland soilred-soil dryland |
| CN105985165A (en) * | 2015-04-18 | 2016-10-05 | 覃建忠 | Ecological environment-friendly fertilizer additive containing charcoal and preparation method thereof |
| CN105400519A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-03-16 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for rapidly remedying farmland with heavy metals in fallow period by using modifier |
| CN105330487B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2019-03-22 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | A kind of solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set fertilizer and its method of administration suitable for Upland Red Soil |
| CN105330437B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2019-03-22 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | A kind of red soil wasteland solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set fertilizer and its method of administration |
| CN107118058A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-01 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of water conservation fertilizer changes the multi-functional red soil conditioner of acid type and its application |
| CN107955614B (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2020-06-16 | 南昌大学 | Southern red soil conditioner based on mine tailing and using method thereof |
| CN108329915A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-07-27 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of acidification red soil improving agent and its preparation and application based on maize straw |
| CN109575935B (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2020-11-17 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Red-loam-type paddy field soil regulator capable of improving yield per mu |
| CN110257080B (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-06-25 | 东华大学 | Acidic soil remediation agent and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110819357B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-01-05 | 东华大学 | Acidic soil remediation agent and preparation and application thereof |
| CN111269724B (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-12-24 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Preparation method of acidic soil remediation agent, prepared soil remediation agent and application |
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