CN101550343B - Chemical conditioner for improving red soil dry land - Google Patents
Chemical conditioner for improving red soil dry land Download PDFInfo
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- CN101550343B CN101550343B CN 200810089489 CN200810089489A CN101550343B CN 101550343 B CN101550343 B CN 101550343B CN 200810089489 CN200810089489 CN 200810089489 CN 200810089489 A CN200810089489 A CN 200810089489A CN 101550343 B CN101550343 B CN 101550343B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a chemical conditioner for improving red soil dry land. A preparation method of the chemical conditioner comprises the following steps: evenly mixing 30-45 percent of light calcined powder (MgO), 15-20 percent of nanometer CaCO3 and 15-25 percent of monopotassium phosphate (grinded to 100 mesh sieves), filling the mixture into a container, and adding 30-45 percent of polyacrylamide/attapulgite clay compound super absorbent resin to mix evenly in the container. The chemical conditioner can supplement elements such as calcium and magnesium lapsed in soils, promotes balance of soil nutrients, improves productivity of soils, and effectively solves the problems of poor crop growth and low output caused by serious shortage of medium elements such as calcium and magnesiumin the red soil dry land in China and frequent regional and seasonal drought, thereby having wide application prospect in crops of red soil dry lands.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of chemical amendment that improves soil physics, chemical property, relate in particular to and to regulate red soil dryland soil acidity, promote nutrient balance, improve the chemical amendment of the water conservation water supply of soil.
Background technology
The Red Soils in Southern China area, be subjected to influence of various factors such as high temperature, rainy envrionment conditions and soil parent material, positively charged ions such as the potassium in the soil, calcium, magnesium are easy to lose by number of ways such as migration, leachings, phosphate anion then easily combines with iron, aluminium and forms very low tertiary iron phosphate, the aluminum compound of validity, cause soil nutrient deficiency, acid strong, structure is poor, a little less than the water retention capacity, this also is that this area's crop yield is low, one of the major reason of poor quality and soil cultivation difficulty, and this phenomenon shows particularly outstanding in the red soil nonirrigated farmland.About 200,000,000 mu of Red Soils in Southern China nonirrigated farmland area, be the important leverage of southern hills area agricultural sustainable development and increasing peasant income, guarantee that dry crop continues volume increase stable yields and high-quality, must replenish nutrients such as phosphorus K-Mg-Ca, perhaps elements such as phosphorus potassium in the activating soil, the physico-chemical property of improving the soil.Therefore, exploitation has the special conditioning agent of corresponding function, to red soil dry crop good quality and high output, improvement of soil fertility etc., all has crucial meaning.At present, domestic yet there are no utilized nano material and water-holding agent to mix to use, and the production and selling cost lower, have the nutrient supply of adjusting, increase dry crop output, improve crop quality and the record of the technology of the chemical amendment of the character function of improving the soil.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of chemical amendment that is used to improve the red soil nonirrigated farmland, can improve the water conservation capacity of water supply of soil, regulates soil acidity and nutrient supply, and the output that improves farm crop in the red soil nonirrigated farmland.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of chemical amendment that is used to improve the red soil nonirrigated farmland, contain by weight: 30% to 45% MgO, 15% to 20% nanometer CaCO
3, 15% to 25% potassium primary phosphate and 30% is to 45% polyacrylamide/attapulgite clay composite high-water uptake resin.
Chemical amendment with mentioned component provided by the invention, its preparation method is: the light burnt powder with 30%～45% (MgO), 15%～20% nanometer CaCO
3And in the container of packing into behind 15%～25% potassium primary phosphate (need the grind 100 mesh sieves) uniform mixing, adding 30%～45% polyacrylamide/attapulgite clay composite high-water uptake resin again, uniform mixing forms in container.
The preparation of polyacrylamide in the chemical amendment of the present invention/attapulgite clay composite high-water uptake resin is carried out with reference to methods involving, be about to an amount of dissolved in distilled water of acrylamide, behind letting nitrogen in and deoxidizing, add a certain amount of with organise attapulgite clay and N after the cetyl trimethylammonium bromide processing, N '-methylene-bisacrylamide (linking agent), add ammonium persulphate reaction 3 hours after being warming up to 40 ℃, add NaOH solution then and be warming up to 95 ℃ of saponification 1 hour, after reaction finishes, product is washed with methanol/water solution, under 70 ℃, dry to constant weight, pulverize, cross 40～80 mesh sieves, promptly get polyacrylamide/attapulgite clay composite high-water uptake resin.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the chemical amendment with mentioned component provided by the invention is improving red soil nonirrigated farmland acidity, keeping soil moisture and is improving purposes aspect the nutrient supply.
Elements such as calcium that adopts chemical amendment of the present invention to replenish to run off in the soil and magnesium promote soil nutrient balance, improve the productivity of soil.Because the super-refinement of Nano particles of calcium carbonate, its crystalline structure and surface electronic structure change, produced the not available quantum size effect of ordinary calcium carbonate, small-size effect, surface effects and macroscopic quantum effect, comparing with conventional material at aspects such as magnetic, catalyzer, photo-thermal resistance and fusing points demonstrates superior performance.Nano-calcium carbonate is used in the stronger red soil nonirrigated farmland of acidity, has multiple functions such as the soil physico-chemical property of improvement.Polyacrylamide/attapulgite clay composite high-water uptake resin is owing to have a large amount of hydrophilic radicals on its molecular structure, can absorb the moisture of hundreds of times of himself quality even thousands of times, simultaneously, the three-dimensional network that is cross-linked to form makes it water insoluble or slowly discharge the moisture that it absorbed, thereby play water retention, have good result alleviating during the southern area seasonal drought dry crop lack of water etc.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below by specific embodiment and simultaneous test.
Embodiment 1
The chemical amendment that is used to improve the red soil nonirrigated farmland provided by the invention contains magnesium oxide (MgO), nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO
3), potassium primary phosphate and polyacrylamide/attapulgite clay composite high-water uptake resin.Wherein, MgO content is 30%～45%, nanometer CaCO
3Content is 15%～20%, and the biphosphate potassium content is 15%～25%, and polyacrylamide/attapulgite clay composite high-water uptake resin content is 30%～45%.
By gross weight is that double centner calculates, and will contain the light burnt powder of 35 kilograms of MgO, 20 kilograms of nanometer CaCO
3In the container of packing into behind 15 kilograms of potassium primary phosphates (need grind 100 mesh sieves) uniform mixing, add 30 kg polypropylene acid amides/attapulgite clay composite high-water uptake resin again, in container, behind the thorough mixing, promptly prepare the chemical amendment that is used to improve the red soil nonirrigated farmland of the present invention.
Embodiment 2
Select the red soil nonirrigated farmland to compare test, the land for growing field crops for test is divided into 20 sub-districts (5 sub-districts are a group, totally 4 groups) of equal areas (8 * 5=40 square metre), as trial crops, and each handles and repeats 4 times with corn, and district's group is arranged at random.5 processing of test design are followed successively by: 1) do not apply fertilizer (CK), 2) execute pure fertilizer (NPK), 3) execute pure fertilizer (M), 4) and organic-inorganic fertilizer join execute (NPK-M), 5) handle on the basis and enrich 5 kilograms/667m of product of the present invention among the embodiment 1 executing pure fertilizer
2(NPK-R).The pedotheque that this test is got when first planting crop (corn) is gathered in the crops carries out the mensuration of soil agreegate quantity and organic matter, N, P, K content etc. by methods involving.
In this test, amount of application is 12kg N/667m during the nitrogenous fertilizer maize planting
2(folding urea 26.1kg/667m
2, urea calculates by containing N 46%); Amount of application is 6kg P during the phosphate fertilizer maize planting
2O
5/ 667m
2Use (folding calcium superphosphate 50kg/667m
2, calcium superphosphate is by containing P
2O
512% calculates); Amount of application is 10kg K during the potash fertilizer maize planting
2O/667m
2Use (folding vitriolate of tartar 19.2kg/667m
2, vitriolate of tartar is by containing K
2O 52% calculates); Fertilizer 3750.0 kilograms/667m of cow dung
2, by containing N 0.32%, P
2O
50.25%, K
2O 0.15% calculates, and nitrogen, phosphorus, the insufficient part of potassium nutrition were replenished with chemical fertilizer during fertilizer was handled; Organic-inorganic fertilizer joins that to execute processing be to use at 4: 6 by the ratio of organonitrogen and inorganic nitrogen weight, after P in the deduction fertilizer of phosphorus, potash fertilizer, the K amount of nutrients, supplies with chemical fertilizer.(it is 1500.0 kilograms/667m that NPK-M handles the cow dung amount of application
2, folding nitrogen 4.8kg, P
2O
53.75kg, K
2O 2.25kg should replenish N 7.2kg/667m
2, be urea 15.7kg/667m
2Replenish P
2O
52.25kg, i.e. calcium superphosphate 18.75kg/667m
2Replenish K
2O 7.75kg/667m
2, i.e. vitriolate of tartar 14.9kg/667m
2).In the test, phosphate fertilizer, fertilizer are all used in plantation previous crops base manure, and nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer branch are made base manure and topdressed and use, base manure with topdress that to use be 6: 4 by weight proportion.
The corn yield result of this test is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Can find out obviously that by table 1 use chemical amendment of the present invention and handle (NPK-R) and organic-inorganic fertilizer to join the effect of executing processing (NPK-M) comparatively approaching, corn yield all reaches 300 kilograms/667m
2More than, than the volume increase of fertilizer treatment (CK) not more than 20%.And, using under the chemical amendment processing of the present invention, the single processing (NPK) to fertilize of corn yield volume increase 3.7%, more single organic fertilizer are handled (M) volume increase 8.6%, this shows that chemical amendment of the present invention is very significant to the effect of increasing production of corn.
Embodiment 3
Select an area at 1500m
2About, the barren red soil nonirrigated farmland of fertility carries out field plot trial, the sub-district area is 8m * 5m=40m
2, repeating 3 times, district's group is arranged at random.Product of the present invention and n p k fertilizer according to the preparation of embodiment 1 method are used, and carry out simultaneous test on peanut.5 kinds of processing are established in test, and be respectively: (CK) 1) do not apply fertilizer; 2) single (NPK) to fertilize; 3) single organic fertilizer (M); 4) organic-inorganic fertilizer compounding application (NPK-M); 5) enrich 5 kilograms/667m of chemical amendment of the present invention on the basis single the processing to fertilize
2(NPK-R).Crop is after planting observed vegetative period such as its seeding stage, flowering period, tongue phase and ripening stage.Singly shine by every sub-district singles ripe back, measures economic yield and the biological yield of crop; Behind the crop harvesting, gather every sub-district plough horizon sample, measure indexs such as soil agreegate quantity, nitrogen phosphorus potassium and organic content.
Each handles rate of fertilizer: nitrogenous fertilizer is by per season 4.8kgN/667m
2Use (folding urea 10.43kg/667m
2, urea calculates by containing N 46%); Phosphate fertilizer is pressed 3.75kg P
2O
5/ 667m
2Use (folding calcium superphosphate 31.3kg/667m
2, calcium superphosphate is by containing P
2O
512% calculates); Potash fertilizer is pressed 4.5kg K
2O/667m
2Use (folding vitriolate of tartar 8.7kg/667m
2, vitriolate of tartar is by containing K
2O 52% calculates); Fertilizer is used cow dung, 1500.0 kilograms/667m
2, by containing N 0.32%, P
2O
50.25%, K
2O 0.15% calculates, folding 4.8kgN/667m
2, 3.75kg P
2O
5/ 667m
2, 2.25kg K
2O, nutrient amount of application insufficient section replenished with chemical fertilizer during fertilizer was handled, and was promptly using 1500.0 kilograms/667m of cow dung
2The basis on, the principle according to the nutrient amount of application equates enriches K
2O 2.25kg/667m
2, amount to vitriolate of tartar 4.3kg/667m
2); Organic and inorganic fertilizer joins that to execute processing (NPK-M) be to use at 4: 6 by the ratio of organonitrogen and inorganic nitrogen, and PK fertilizer is supplied with chemical fertilizer after the PK amount of nutrients in the deduction fertilizer.[promptly use 600.0 kilograms/667m of cow dung
2, nitrogen 2.9kg/667m
2(close urea 6.3kg/667m
2); P
2O
52.25kg (close calcium superphosphate 22.5kg/667m
2); K
2O 3.6kg/667m
2(close vitriolate of tartar 6.9kg/667m
2)].The phosphate fertilizer of being used in the test, fertilizer are all used in plantation previous crops base manure, and nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer branch are made base manure and topdressed and use, and base chases after than being 6: 4 by weight.
It is as shown in table 2 that each handles peanut harvesting back grain yield.
Table 2
Being can clearly be seen that by table 2, in the red soil nonirrigated farmland after the plantation peanut, enrich chemical amendment of the present invention using on the basis that chemical fertilizer handles, is fairly obvious to the production-increasing function of peanut yield.Handle relatively with other, enrich chemical amendment processing of the present invention and handle volume increase 103.3kg/667m than contrast (CK)
2, output improves 86.01%; Single (NPK) to fertilize handles volume increase 30.0kg/667m
2, output improves 15.51%; Handle volume increase 16.6kg/667m than organic and inorganic fertilizer compounding application (NPK-M)
2, output improves 8.03%, its obvious effect of increasing production.
Embodiment 4
Select that a block manure power is barren, the about 1500m of area
2The red soil nonirrigated farmland carry out field plot trial, the sub-district area is 8m * 5m=40m
2, to repeat 3 times, the sub-district is by district's group arrangement at random.Product of the present invention and n p k fertilizer according to the preparation of embodiment 1 method are used, and carry out simultaneous test on Radix hemerocalis plicatae.4 kinds of processing are established in test, and be respectively: (CK) do not apply fertilizer (1); (2) single (NPK) to fertilize; (3) single organic fertilizer (M); (4) enrich 5 kilograms/667m of chemical amendment of the present invention on the basis single the processing to fertilize
2(NPK-R).
Radix hemerocalis plicatae for the examination chemical fertilizer is: nitrogenous fertilizer is by per season 10.0kgN/667m
2Use (folding urea 21.7kg/667m
2, urea calculates by containing N 46%); Phosphate fertilizer is by per season 6kg P
2O
5/ 667m
2Use (folding calcium superphosphate 50kg/667m
2, calcium superphosphate is by containing P
2O
512% calculates); Potash fertilizer is by per season 9.0kgK
2O/667m
2Use (folding vitriolate of tartar 17.3kg/667m
2, vitriolate of tartar is by containing K
2O 52% calculates).Fertilizer is used cow dung, by containing N 0.32%, P
2O
50.25%, K
2O 0.15% calculates, and amount of application is 3125.0kg/667m
2, nutrient amount of application insufficient section replenished with chemical fertilizer during fertilizer was handled, and according to correlation data calculation, needed to replenish K
2O 4.3kg/667m
2, close vitriolate of tartar 8.3kg/667m
2In the used fertilizer, fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer is all as base manure, in once being manured into soil with the method for artificial ditch spread; Nitrogenous fertilizer is used according to base manure, the mode of topdressing for twice, and its ratio is 5: 3: 2 by weight, promptly topdresses 30% in base manure 50%, seedling stage, the flower bud phase topdresses 20%.Above-mentioned after each handles results, calculate Radix hemerocalis plicatae output (fresh weight) respectively by handling, and the output of NPK-R and other three kinds of processing its result that compares respectively is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
| M | 7.8 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 130.6 | 89.4 |
| NPKR | 15.3 | 14.3 | 14.9 | 247.3 | / |
From table 3 result, in the red soil nonirrigated farmland, plant Radix hemerocalis plicatae, on the basis of using the chemical fertilizer processing, enrich chemical amendment of the present invention, more fertilizer treatment is not increased production nearly 1.5 times (148.5%), single volume increase 61.1kg/667m that handles to fertilize
2, increase by 32.8%, more single organic fertilizer is handled volume increase 116.7kg/667m
2, increase by 89.4%, its effect of increasing production is very significant.
Embodiment 5
Select barren, the area 800m of fertility
2About the red soil nonirrigated farmland carry out field plot trial.Testing each sub-district area is 4.5m * 8m=36m
2, repeating 3 times, district's group is arranged at random.Product of the present invention and n p k fertilizer according to the preparation of embodiment 1 method are used, and carry out simultaneous test on sweet potato.4 processing are set up in test, and be respectively: (CK) do not apply fertilizer (1); (2) single (NPK) to fertilize; (3) single organic fertilizer (M); (4) enrich 5 kilograms/667m of chemical amendment of the present invention on the basis single the processing to fertilize
2(NPK-R).
Sweet potato for the examination chemical fertilizer is: nitrogenous fertilizer is by per season 6.0kgN/667m
2Use (folding urea 13.0kg/667m
2, urea calculates by containing N 46%); Phosphate fertilizer is by per season 3.75kg P
2O
5/ 667m
2Use (folding calcium superphosphate 31.25kg/667m
2, calcium superphosphate is by containing P
2O
512% calculates); Potash fertilizer is by per season 6.0kgK
2O/667m
2Use (folding vitriolate of tartar 11.5kg/667m
2, vitriolate of tartar is by containing K
2O 52% calculates).Fertilizer is used cow dung, and its nutrient content is pressed N 0.32%, P
2O
50.25%, K
2O 0.15% calculates, and amounting to amount of application is 1875.0kg/667m
2, the insufficient part of nutrient amount of application was replenished with chemical fertilizer during fertilizer was handled, and according to correlation data calculation, needed supplementation administration K
2O 3.2kg/667m
2, close vitriolate of tartar 6.2kg/667m
2During used fertilizer all once is manured into soil with the method for spreading manuer in holes as base manure.Each calculates sweet potato underground part fresh weight respectively after handling results, and its test-results is as shown in table 4.
Table 4
| NPKR | 122.1 | 121.8 | 124.6 | 2274.7 | / |
Can know from table 4 result and to find out, use on the basis that chemical fertilizer handles and enrich chemical amendment of the present invention, be very significant to the effect of increasing production of sweet potato.In this test 4 handled relatively, and be the highest with the output of using amendment processing of the present invention, reaches 2274.7kg/667m
2, more fertilizer treatment output does not increase 1459.2kg/667m
2, volume increase 178.9%, more single organic fertilizer is handled output increases 407.9kg/667m
2, volume increase 21.9%, singly handle output to fertilize and increase 182.1kg/667m
2, the volume increase 8.7%.This shows the effectiveness of chemical amendment of the present invention.
Embodiment 6
According to the test-results of previous embodiment 2-5, after each test harvesting, get and respectively handle topsoil soils, measure soil water-stable aggregate, organic matter and N-P-K content, and the accordingly result before correlated results and the test is compared.Wherein, as shown in table 5 to the soil analysis result of embodiment 2.
Table 5
| Handle | ＞2mm water-stable aggregate (%) | Organic g/kg | Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen mg/kg | Rapid available phosphorus mg/kg | Available potassium mg/kg |
| Before the test | 45.2 | 12.6 | 29.6 | 6.9 | 63.3 |
| CK | 40.9 | 11.9 | 25.8 | 6.2 | 61.2 |
| NPK | 44.8 | 12.8 | 32.1 | 7.8 | 63.6 |
| M | 46.5 | 13.2 | 33.6 | 8.1 | 64.5 |
| NPK-M | 49.7 | 13.6 | 34.9 | 8.3 | 63.9 |
| NPK-R | 49.1 | 13.3 | 34.4 | 8.5 | 64.7 |
The result under the maize planting condition of red soil nonirrigated farmland, not only has effect of increasing production preferably, but also has improved the physico-chemical property of soil to a great extent as can be seen from table.In the index of correlation that this test is measured, single handle to fertilize enrich chemical amendment of the present invention on the basis after, in the soil＞2mm waterstable aggregate body burden improves 3.9 percentage points before the test, (CK) processing of more not applying fertilizer improves 8.2 percentage points, single (NPK) to fertilize improves 4.3 percentage points, only is lower than the effect of organic-inorganic fertilizer compounding application slightly; Simultaneously, from the analytical results of the soil organism, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content, use content behind the chemical amendment of the present invention obviously single handle to fertilize high, and with organic fertilizer each to handle (M, NPK-M) roughly suitable.These results further specify, and use chemical amendment of the present invention, and its improved effect to red soil nonirrigated farmland physico-chemical property also is very significant.
Though the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment; right its is not in order to limiting the present invention, anyly has the knack of this skill person, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; when can doing a little change and retouching, thus protection scope of the present invention when with aforementioned claims the person of being defined be as the criterion.
Claims (2)
1. a chemical amendment that is used to improve the red soil nonirrigated farmland is characterized in that, described chemical amendment contains by weight: 30% to 45% MgO, 15% to 20% nanometer CaCO
3, 15% to 25% ground the potassium primary phosphate and 30% of 100 mesh sieves to 45% polyacrylamide/attapulgite clay composite high-water uptake resin; Each composition of described chemical amendment per-cent summation by weight is 100%.
2. the preparation method of a chemical amendment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described preparation method's step is: will contain the light burnt powder of described 30% to 45% MgO, described 15% to 20% nanometer CaCO
3And in the container of packing into behind described 15% to 25% the potassium primary phosphate uniform mixing, add polyacrylamide/attapulgite clay composite high-water uptake resin of described 30% to 45% again, in container, get final product behind the thorough mixing; Each composition of described chemical amendment per-cent summation by weight is 100%.
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200810089489 CN101550343B (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2008-04-03 | Chemical conditioner for improving red soil dry land |
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| CN101550343B true CN101550343B (en) | 2011-08-03 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102352254B (en) * | 2011-08-22 | 2014-03-12 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Red soil improving agent |
| CN104609923B (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-08-11 | 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 | A kind of calcareous fertilisers and compound fertilizer and its preparation method and application containing nano-calcium carbonate |
| CN108218584A (en) * | 2018-03-17 | 2018-06-29 | 陈超 | One kind is for acid soil composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN112778973B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2023-10-20 | 广州普凯热伏微能源科技有限公司 | Coal pile rainproof dust suppressant and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116463129B (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2024-03-05 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Multi-effect soil conditioner |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030046063A (en) * | 2001-12-04 | 2003-06-12 | 이성문 | Caco3 MGO 60 .omitted |
| CN1429797A (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2003-07-16 | 王玉新 | Production method of magnesium, ammonium, potassium phosphate full nutrition slow-release fertilizer |
| CN1609063A (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2005-04-27 | 吴成祥 | Slowly controlled releasing sulfur-containing urea and its prepn process |
| JP2007161838A (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-06-28 | Ube Material Industries Ltd | Soil solidifier |
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2008
- 2008-04-03 CN CN 200810089489 patent/CN101550343B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030046063A (en) * | 2001-12-04 | 2003-06-12 | 이성문 | Caco3 MGO 60 .omitted |
| CN1429797A (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2003-07-16 | 王玉新 | Production method of magnesium, ammonium, potassium phosphate full nutrition slow-release fertilizer |
| CN1609063A (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2005-04-27 | 吴成祥 | Slowly controlled releasing sulfur-containing urea and its prepn process |
| JP2007161838A (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-06-28 | Ube Material Industries Ltd | Soil solidifier |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 刘秀梅.纳米—亚微米级复合材料性能及土壤植物营养效应.<中国农业科学院博士学位论文>.2005,全文. * |
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