CN102349884A - 广藿香醇在制备抗幽门螺旋杆菌的药物中的应用 - Google Patents
广藿香醇在制备抗幽门螺旋杆菌的药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102349884A CN102349884A CN2011102490389A CN201110249038A CN102349884A CN 102349884 A CN102349884 A CN 102349884A CN 2011102490389 A CN2011102490389 A CN 2011102490389A CN 201110249038 A CN201110249038 A CN 201110249038A CN 102349884 A CN102349884 A CN 102349884A
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- patchouli alcohol
- helicobacter pylori
- patchouli
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- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及广藿香醇在制备抗幽门螺旋杆菌的药物中的应用。本发明所述的药物由广藿香醇和医学上可接受的辅料组成,其中广藿香醇的含量为0.5~70%。本发明所述的广藿香醇的抗菌谱很窄,可选择性地抑制幽门螺旋杆菌,而不影响其他菌群(包括其他革兰氏阴性菌)的生长繁殖。它在杀灭幽门螺旋杆菌的同时不会伤及益生菌,可保持人体肠道菌群的生态平衡。因此广藿香醇可用于治疗幽门螺旋杆菌感染引起的胃炎、消化性溃疡、早期胃癌等疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及广藿香醇在制药领域的用途。
背景技术
广藿香醇又名百秋李醇,虎尾草醇,是一种三环倍半萜类化合物,其化学名为[1R(1α,4β,4Aα,6β)]-八氢-4,8A,9,9-四甲基-1,6-亚甲基萘-1(2H)-醇,分子式为C15H26O,分子量为222.37,结构式如下式I所示,外观为六角偏方四分面像晶体,不溶于水,可溶于乙醇和乙醚和常用有机溶剂。公开号为WO2004110153A1的欧洲专利申请揭示了,广藿香醇及其衍生物可用于抑制真菌的无性繁殖和降低微生物的粘防作用,在伤口的清洁和愈合方面有功效;公开号为CN101194899A的中国专利申请公开了百秋李醇在制备防治老年性痴呆症的药物中的用途;CN101485647A的中国专利申请披露了广藿香醇对甲1型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒及禽流感病毒H5N1具有明显的抑制及杀灭作用。
由于广藿香醇的化学结构复杂,而其合成工艺既冗长又复杂,因此目前它主要来源于广藿香油。广藿香油为唇形科刺蕊草属植物广藿香[Pogostemon cablin(Blanco)Benth.]的挥发油,它具有促进胃液分泌,增强消化功能,解痉、抗皮肤细菌和癣菌的作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供广藿香醇的新用途,即在制药中的新用途。
上述新用途实际上是,广藿香醇在制备抗幽门螺旋杆菌的药物中的应用。
上述应用中所述的广藿香醇由于其化学结构复杂,因此成熟的合成工艺尚不多见,目前其主要还是先从广藿香中提取广藿香油,再从广藿香油中分离出广藿香醇,具体分离方法可参照公开号为CN101485647A的专利申请所公开的方法实施。
上述应用中所述的药物由广藿香醇和医学上可接受的辅料组成,其中广藿香醇的含量为0.5~70%。所述药物可以是注射剂,也可以是常见的口服制剂,如片剂、软胶囊和滴丸。
幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,简称Hp)是弯曲菌科螺杆菌属的一种单极、多鞭毛、末端钝圆、螺旋形弯曲的革兰氏阴性细菌。由于幽门螺杆菌易产生耐药性,因此很少单独使用抗生素或抑菌剂治疗,目前最常用的疗法是质子泵抑制剂或铋级配上克拉霉素、阿莫西林和甲硝唑三种抗生素中的两种组成的三联疗法。上述三联疗法所使用的三种抗生素均为广谱抗生素,常期或过量服用其危害性之一是使细菌产生耐药性,之二是对各种益生菌也是通杀。本发明长期研究发现,广藿香醇的抗菌谱很窄,可选择性地抑制幽门螺旋杆菌,而不影响其他革兰氏阴性菌的生长繁殖,它在杀灭幽门螺旋杆菌的同时不会伤及益生菌,可保持人体肠道菌群的生态平衡。
下面通过药理试验来证明本发明所述广藿香醇抑制幽门螺旋杆菌的有益效果:
一、体外抗幽门螺旋杆菌效果实验
1.实验样品:
广藿香醇:按公开号为CN101485647A的专利申请所公开的方法自制,纯度大于98%;取广藿香醇及8重量倍的聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油(RH-40)加入适量的纯水,配制成浓度为5mg/ml溶液。
质子泵抑制剂(proton pump inhibitor,PPI):兰索拉唑,购于中国药品生物制品检定所,批号:100709-200501。
克拉霉素:购于中国药品生物制品检定所,批号:130356-200403。
阿莫西林:珠海联邦制药股份有限公司产品,批号:00800208。
2.培养基:哥伦比亚血平板。
3.受试菌:幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp),菌种来自美国标准菌种保藏中心(American Type Culture Collection),菌株编号为ATCC43504,LOT:3965862。
4.实验方法
4.1药物的稀释及制备 取无菌试管(8×100mm)13支,排成一排,每管加入布氏肉汤1ml,在第1管分别加入广藿香醇溶液1.0ml混匀,然后吸取1ml至第2管,混匀后再吸取1ml至第3管,如此连续倍比稀释至第11管,并从第11管中吸取1ml弃去,第12管为不含药物的生长对照。此时各管药物浓度依次为0.5、0.25、0.125、0.0625、0.0312、0.0156、0.0078、0.0039、0.0019、0.0010、0.0005ml/ml。然后在每管内加入上述制备好的接种物各0.1ml,使每管最终菌液浓度约为2.48×108CFU/ml。
4.2菌液接种 将100μl 2.48×109CFU/ml菌液加到哥伦比亚血平板涂布均匀,将打孔滤纸(直径2mm)浸入以上样品稀释液中,取出贴在已加菌液的哥伦比亚上,每个平板贴3片,每个梯度做3个平行。
4.3孵育 置37℃微好氧培养袋中摇床孵育72h。
4.4结果判断 判定最小抑菌浓度(MIC),MIC是指完全抑制试验菌种生长所含的最小药物浓度。孵育后围绕试条可形成一个圆形的抑菌圈。结果表明,广藿香醇最小MIC值为0.000078g/ml;三联疗法(兰索拉唑-克拉霉素-阿莫西林,0.2∶5∶10)最小MIC值为0.000096g/ml;阿莫西林最小MIC值为0.00012g/ml。实验结果表明,广藿香醇具有抗幽门螺旋杆菌作用,且作用较阳性对照药三联疗法强。
二、体内抗幽门螺旋杆菌效果实验
实验样品与体外抗幽门螺旋杆菌效果实验相同。
取SPF级Balb/c小鼠,雌雄各半,体重分别为18~20g,随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、三联疗法组,按下表1所示剂量给以相应的实验药物。采用抗生素加Hp灌胃法复制Hp感染动物模型。实验第1天,各组动物每天灌胃抗生素混合液0.5ml/只(氨苄青霉素20mg/ml,0.25ml;庆大霉素4mg/ml,0.15ml;阿奇霉素50mg/ml,0.1ml),连续3天,正常对照组给予等量生理盐水;从第4天开始,各组动物每天禁食不禁水12h,灌胃给予新鲜Hp菌悬液(浓度为108CFU/ml)0.5ml/只/d,连续7天,正常对照组给予等量生理盐水。从第11天开始,各组动物开始灌胃给药(正常对照组给予等量生理盐水),1次/d,连续8周,于末次给药后禁食24h,眼眶取血并离心取血清,检测幽门螺杆菌尿素酶抗体(根据试剂盒说明书方法进行);处死动物,先取胃窦部黏膜组织进行快速尿素酶测定,观察时间为3min,结果判定标准:组织边缘1min内由黄色变成红色为强阳性,3min内变成红色为弱阳性,不变色为阴性;其余胃组织用10%甲醛固定,包埋、切片后采用石碳酸-碱性品红法染色,观察胃粘膜Hp感染、定植情况。结果见表1、表2。
表1 广藿香醇抗幽门螺旋杆菌作用(快速尿素酶法)
注:与正常对照组比较,△P<0.05,△△P<0.01(下同)。与模型对照组比较,*P<0.05**P<0.01(下同)
表1结果表明,与正常组比较,模型组Hp感染总阳性率有显著性差异(P<0.01),说明造模成功;与模型对照组比较,广藿香醇中剂量明显减少总阳性率(P<0.05)。
表2 广藿香醇抗幽门螺旋杆菌作用(血清幽门螺杆菌尿素酶抗体测定)
表2结果表明,与正常组比较,模型组Hp感染的阳性率明显增高(P<0.01),说明造模成功;与模型对照组比较,广藿香醇低、中、高剂量均明显减少Hp感染的阳性率(P<0.01)。
病理组织学检查结果:胃组织经石碳酸-碱性品红法染色后,可见Hp呈紫蓝色,形状弯曲或棒杆状,主要位于胃腺小凹表面和粘液内。正常对照组胃小凹内未见Hp(0/10),感染率为0%;模型对照组胃小凹黏液内见大量紫蓝色的Hp(11/11),感染率为100%;广藿香醇高剂量组胃小凹内见少量Hp粘附(6/10),感染率为60.0%,中剂量组胃小凹内见少量Hp粘附(7/11),感染率为63.63%;低剂量组胃小凹内及粘膜表面见少量Hp粘附(9/11),感染率为81.81%。
结论广藿香醇具有体内、体外抑制幽门螺旋杆菌的作用。
三、广藿香醇选择性抑菌作用的实验
1.药物:广藿香醇,按公开号为CN101485647A的专利申请所公开的方法自制,纯度大于98%。兰索拉唑:购于中国药品生物制品检定所,批号:100709-200501,纯度大于98%。克拉霉素:购于中国药品生物制品检定所,批号:130356-200403,纯度大于98%。阿莫西林:珠海联邦制药股份有限公司产品,批号:00800208。酮康唑:湖北兴银河制药有限公司产品,批号:1009201
2.菌种 嗜乳酸杆菌、大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、酵母菌、嗜热双歧杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌(26112)、甲型溶血性链球菌(32209)、福氏志贺菌(32013)、肺炎链球菌(31001)、卡他球菌、白喉棒状杆菌(38101)、大肠埃希氏菌(44113)、绿脓假单胞菌(10211)、伤寒杆菌及白色念珠菌(98001),卡他球菌由细菌检验室从咽喉标本分离,白色念珠菌为广州市药品检定所惠赠,其余菌种均由北京中国药品生物制品检定所提供;石膏状毛癣菌(4097)、大脑状毛癣菌、断发毛癣菌、石膏状小孢子菌(4988)、羊毛状小孢子菌(4086)、絮状表皮癣菌、红毛癣菌,由上海华山医院皮肤科真菌室惠赠。
3.培养基 营养肉汤、1%葡萄糖肉汤、1%血清肉汤、沙保氏培养基,均按常规制备。
4.实验方法(液体试管法)
药物的配制方法:以营养肉汤配制成每mL含药物量0.1g、0.05g、0.025g……1.22×10-5g共14个药物浓度,每管总量1mL,蒸气灭菌。对链球菌的试验尚需在灭菌药液中添加1%葡萄糖,对肺炎链球菌和白喉棒状杆菌则加10%灭活兔血清,对白色念珠菌的试验则用沙保氏培养液配制药液。
对照 菌种对照为不含药物的培养基加试验菌;药物对照为不加试验菌的药液。
每排药液的各个浓度管及菌种对照管分别加入1∶2000的试验菌液(8小时培养物)0.1mL,37℃培养18小时观察结果。对白色念珠菌的试验则用24小时培养物,药液加菌液后28℃培养48小时观察结果。以浊度为指标肉眼观测各管有无菌生长。
判定最小抑菌浓度(MIC) MIC是指完全抑制试验菌种生长所含的最小药物浓度。结果见表3。
表3 广藿香醇体外最小抑菌浓度MIC(mg/ml)
注:菌种对照各菌生长正常。药物对照无菌生长,“-”表示无抑菌作用,“/”表示未测试。
表3结果表明,广藿香醇对肺炎链球菌有一定的抑制作用,但对大部分所试菌种(包括呼吸道、胃肠道常见益生菌和致病菌)均没有抑制作用。
结论:上述实验结果说明,广藿香醇可选择性地抑制幽门螺旋杆菌,而不影响其他菌群的生长繁殖。
四、广藿香醇的小鼠毒性实验
1实验材料
1.1受试药物 广藿香醇,购于中国药品生物制品检定所,批号:110772-200804,纯度大于98%。
1.2试剂 花生油,广东长兴食品贸易有限公司,批号090407。
1.3实验动物 KM小鼠,SPF级,体重18-22g,雌雄各半,由广州中医药大学实验动物中心提供。合格证号:SCXK(粤)2008-0020。
1.4仪器 高精密度家用型电子秤,广州白云正力电子厂,型号ZL-3。
2.实验方法
2.1药液配制 称取一定量的广藿香醇至烧杯中,加入适量花生油作为溶媒,加热,搅拌使溶解,放冷后加花生油至规定量,即得广藿香醇油溶液。
2.2动物分组 取小鼠200只,体重18~22g,按体重随机分为4组,分别是:灌胃给药组、灌胃空白组(灌胃等体积的花生油)、腹腔注射给药组、腹腔注射空白组(腹腔注射等体积的花生油),每组50只,雌雄各半。实验前饲养1星期,以适应环境,给药前禁食不禁水24h。
2.3口服急性毒性 小鼠灌胃给予广藿香醇油溶液,经预试找出其最大致死剂量为7.90g/kg,最小致死剂量为2.50g/kg后,以7.90g/kg为初始剂量,按1∶0.75比例依次设置5组,每组10只,雌雄各半。分别给小鼠按2.50g/kg、3.33g/kg、4.44g/kg、5.93g/kg、7.90g/kg剂量1次灌胃给药,连续观察14d,每日记录小鼠毒性反应及死亡数,用Bliss法,计算半数致死剂量(LD50)。
2.4腹腔注射急性毒性 小鼠腹腔注射给予广藿香醇油溶液,经预试找出其最大致死剂量为6.32g/kg,最小致死剂量为2.00g/kg后,以6.32g/kg为初始剂量,按1∶0.75比例依次设置5组,每组10只,雌雄各半。分别给小鼠按2.00g/kg、2.67g/kg、3.56g/kg、4.70g/kg、6.32g/kg的剂量1次注射给药,连续观察14d,每日记录小鼠毒性反应及死亡数,用Bliss法,计算半数致死剂量(LD50)。
3.实验结果
3.1口服急性毒性 给药后4h,给药各组小鼠均表现出不同程度的站立不稳、左右摇晃、抽搐、僵直等现象,甚至死亡。死亡多发生在6~12h,死亡小鼠及时进行尸检,主要脏器未见明显异常,存活动物约24h后恢复正常。结果见表9。
表9 广藿香醇花生油溶液灌胃给药小鼠死亡情况
实验结果表明:广藿香醇花生油溶液的灌胃给药的LD50是4.693g/kg,95%的置信区间上限是5.498g/kg,下限是4.038g/kg。
3.2腹腔注射急性毒性 给药后4h,给药各组小鼠表现与灌胃给药相似。死亡多发生在6~12h,死亡小鼠及时进行尸检,主要脏器未见明显异常,存活动物约24h后恢复正常。结果见表10。
表10 广藿香醇花生油溶液腹腔注射给药小鼠死亡情况
实验结果表明:广藿香醇花生油溶液的腹腔注射给药的LD50是3.145g/kg,95%的置信区间上限是3.675g/kg,下限是2.663g/kg。
小鼠急性毒性试验证明,广藿香醇基本安全无毒。
以上实验表明,广藿香醇,即百秋李醇,具有很强抗幽门螺旋杆菌的作用,且基本安全无毒,具有良好的开发和药用前景。
具体实施方式
例1(滴丸)
取广藿香醇30g,加入PEG4000120g作为基质,适量液体石蜡为冷却剂;药液温度80℃,滴速为每分钟15滴,滴距5cm,冷却柱长35cm,滴口内径2.5cm,冷却剂温度0℃(冰水浴),滴制法制成含有每丸含广藿香醇6mg的滴丸5000颗,每丸净重0.03g。口服用以治疗与幽门螺旋杆菌感染相关的胃病。每次5~15丸,一日1~3次,10~20天为一疗程,可连续使用2~3疗程。
例2(注射剂)
取广藿香醇150mg,加入氯化钠9g,加水至1000ml,用1mol/ml氢氧化钠溶液调整pH至3.0-5.5,过滤,滤液灌封在2、5或10ml的安瓿中,100℃灭菌30min,得到注射液。注射用以治疗与幽门螺旋杆菌感染相关的胃病。本品可静脉注射或肌肉注射,每次1~50ml,一日1~3次,10~20天为一疗程,可连续使用2~3疗程。
例3(软胶囊)
称取广藿香醇30g与食用玉米油60g混合,充分搅匀制得广藿香醇软胶囊内容物;称取明胶、甘油和水各适量(质量比为明胶∶甘油∶水=1∶0.5∶1)制备囊材胶液;采用旋转模压法,将内容物和囊材胶液装入自动旋转制囊机中,压制出规格为每粒含广藿香醇60mg的软胶囊500粒,每粒净重0.18g,适量液状石蜡作为润滑剂。每次1~3粒,一日3次,10~20天为一疗程,可连续使用2~3疗程。
例4(片剂)
取广藿香醇40g,加入乳糖480g、淀粉1100g混合均匀,用7%的淀粉浆300g作为粘合剂、湿法制粒,烘干,加入硬脂酸镁16g混合,压制成每片含广藿香醇4mg的片剂10000片,每片净重0.17g。口服用以治疗与幽门螺旋杆菌感染相关的胃病。每次3~9片,一日3次,10~20天为一疗程,可连续使用2~3疗程。
例5(软胶囊)
称取广藿香醇70g与食用玉米油30g混合,60℃加热溶解,充分搅匀制得广藿香醇软胶囊内容物;称取明胶、甘油和水各适量(质量比为明胶∶甘油∶水=1∶0.5∶1)制备囊材胶液;采用旋转模压法,将内容物和囊材胶液装入自动旋转制囊机中,压制出规格为每粒含广藿香醇的140mg的软胶囊500粒,每粒净重0.2g,适量液状石蜡作为润滑剂。每次1~2粒,一日2次,10~20天为一疗程,可连续使用2~3疗程。
例6(片剂)
取广藿香醇8g,加入乳糖480g、淀粉1150g混合均匀,用7%的淀粉浆350g作为粘合剂、湿法制粒,烘干,加入硬脂酸镁16g混合,压制成每片含广藿香醇0.8mg的片剂10000片,每片净重0.17g。口服用以治疗与幽门螺旋杆菌感染相关的胃病。每次3~9片,一日3次,10~20天为一疗程,可连续使用2~3疗程。
Claims (3)
1.广藿香醇在制备抗幽门螺旋杆菌的药物中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的药物由广藿香醇和医学上可接受的辅料组成,其中广藿香醇的含量为0.5~70%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物是注射剂或常见的口服制剂。
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CN2011102490389A CN102349884B (zh) | 2011-08-26 | 2011-08-26 | 广藿香醇在制备抗幽门螺旋杆菌的药物中的应用 |
EP11871448.4A EP2749276B1 (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2011-10-22 | Use of patchouli alcohol in preparation of drug against helicobacter pylori |
PCT/CN2011/081153 WO2013029297A1 (zh) | 2011-08-26 | 2011-10-22 | 广藿香醇在制备抗幽门螺旋杆菌的药物中的应用 |
US14/111,749 US20140031434A1 (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2011-10-22 | Use of Patchouli Alcohol in Preparation of Drug Against Helicobacter Pylori |
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CN103127038A (zh) * | 2012-03-16 | 2013-06-05 | 成都华神集团股份有限公司 | 百秋李醇的新用途 |
CN104306362A (zh) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-01-28 | 广州中医药大学 | 广藿香醇在制备治疗胃动力障碍性疾病的药物中的应用 |
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RU2713154C1 (ru) * | 2018-10-04 | 2020-02-04 | Игорь Юрьевич Чичерин | Антихеликобактерное средство и способ его применения |
CN112316123B (zh) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-12-13 | 滁州向日葵药业有限公司 | 一种抗幽门螺杆菌感染的中药组合物及其制备方法与应用 |
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CN103127038B (zh) * | 2012-03-16 | 2016-01-06 | 成都华神集团股份有限公司 | 百秋李醇的用途 |
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CN105853399B (zh) * | 2016-01-15 | 2018-10-12 | 广州中医药大学 | 百秋李醇在制备治疗慢性胃炎的药物中的应用 |
CN114404311A (zh) * | 2022-02-07 | 2022-04-29 | 黄萍 | 一种具有去除口气功效的口腔用品 |
CN115137802A (zh) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-10-04 | 深圳市中医院 | 藿香安胃方在制备抗幽门螺杆菌的药物中的应用 |
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CN102349884B (zh) | 2013-04-03 |
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EP2749276A1 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
WO2013029297A1 (zh) | 2013-03-07 |
US20140031434A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
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