CN102344504A - 一种制备高衍射效率全息光聚合物材料的可见光光引发体系 - Google Patents
一种制备高衍射效率全息光聚合物材料的可见光光引发体系 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种制备高衍射效率全息光聚合物的可见光光引发体系。本发明涉及的光引发体系由光敏剂和共引发剂组成,其原理是光敏剂吸收光子后由基态变为激发态,再与共引发剂作用发生电子和质子转移,生成一个烷基(或芳基)自由基R和一个羰自由基K;其中,自由基R引发可以进行自由基聚合的单体发生加成聚合反应,而自由基K由于位阻作用在一定程度上阻止大分子自由基的链增长反应,从而延迟光聚合反应的凝胶时间,有助于提高聚合物与功能组分之间的相分离。采用该可见光光引发体系,可制得高衍射效率全息光聚合物材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属功能材料领域,涉及制备高衍射效率全息光聚合物材料的可见光光引发体系。
背景技术
全息光聚合物材料是采用激光全息技术存储全息信息的一种记录介质,其具有较高的衍射效率和环境稳定性,通常由光引发体系、可聚合单体、粘结剂、增塑剂及其他功能组分(涵盖但不局限于液晶、SiO2、TiO2、POSS和碳纳米管等)构成前躯体,然后在两束或两束以上激光的相干辐照下制得。在全息光聚合物材料的制备材料中,聚合物网络的凝胶过程与单体及其他功能组分的扩散过程存在竞争,只有当扩散速率大于凝胶速率时,才能完善相分离,制得高衍射效率的全息光聚合物材料。为解决聚合反应的凝胶问题,Natarajan等采用硫醇-烯烃(thiol-ene)的click反应调控体系的凝胶时间(Chem.Mater.2003,15(12):2477-2484;Macromolecules 2007,40(4):1121-1127.),但是硫醇-烯烃反应后形成的“可逆共价键”在应力和非均匀光照下会经过RAFT过程进行重组,促使材料发生宏观形变(Adv.Mater.2011,23(17):1977-1981.),从而影响了全息光栅的稳定性,限制了全息光聚合物材料的应用。Scott等发现紫外光产生的自由基可以阻聚可见光引发的加成聚合反应,并采用364nm激光产生的自由基来降低由473nm激光引发的光聚合反应活性,有效地延迟了体系聚合反应的凝胶时间(Science 2009,324(5929):913-917.),但该方法需要采用两种不同波长的激光,增加了设备成本。基于以上问题,我们发明了一种通过延迟光聚合反应凝胶时间来提高全息光聚合物材料相分离程度的光引发体系,其在单一激光下同时产生引发、阻聚光聚合反应的两种不同自由基,实现了光聚合反应凝胶时间的连续可调,制得了高衍射效率的全息光聚合物材料。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供一种制备高衍射效率全息光聚合物材料的可见光光引发体系。
实现本发明的技术方案是:
本发明提供的制备高衍射效率全息光聚合物材料的可见光光引发体系由光敏剂及共引发剂组成。
本发明所述的光引发体系,其特征是:光敏剂与共引发剂的质量比为20∶1~1∶20。
本发明所述的光敏剂为C1、C2、C3、C4和C5中的一种或几种,且C1、C2、C3、C4和C5分别具有以下结构:
其中,取代基R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6可以相同或不同,可以共同、分别或独立为-SH、-CN、-NO2、-CnH2n+1(n=0~8)、-CnH2n+1O(n=0~8)、N(CnH2n+1)2(n=0~8)、苯基、噻吩基和噻唑基中的一种。
本发明所述的共引发剂为N,N,N-三乙胺、N-甲基马来酰亚胺、N-乙基马来酰亚胺、三乙醇胺、N-苯基甘氨酸、乙酰苯基甘氨酸、对氯苯基甘氨酸、3-溴苯基甘氨酸、3-腈基苯基甘氨酸、N-苯基甘氨酸乙酯、2,4,6-三(三氯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪和2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪中的一种或几种。
本发明的可见光光引发体系可用于引发丙烯酸酯(如:甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、2-丙烯酸异辛酯、二甲基丙烯酸乙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯和季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯等)、丙烯酰胺(如:甲基丙烯酰胺、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、甲叉双丙烯酰胺等)、N-乙烯基类单体(如:N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基咔唑等)以及其他能进行自由基聚合反应的单体,适合制备全息光聚合物材料。
本发明的原理是光敏剂吸收光子后由基态变为激发态,再与共引发剂作用发生电子和质子转移,生成一个烷基(或芳基)自由基R和一个羰自由基K;其中,自由基R引发可以进行自由基聚合的单体发生加成聚合反应,而自由基K由于位阻作用在一定程度上阻止大分子自由基的链增长反应。
本发明的优势是可通过调节光敏剂和共引发剂的含量来调节光聚合速率和凝胶时间,进而制得高衍射效率全息光聚合物材料。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
采用0.1wt.%的光敏剂(1∶2的C1和C2,且R1=R4=N(C2H5)2,R2=R3=H)、1wt.%的共引发剂(1∶2∶3的N,N,N-三乙胺、N-甲基马来酰亚胺和3-溴苯基甘氨酸)组成可见光光引发体系(光敏剂与共引发剂质量比为1∶10),将其加入到由70wt.%的单体(1∶3∶1的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酰胺和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)和30wt.%的聚乙烯醇粘结剂混合体系中,超声混合形成均匀混合乳液,制成厚度为20μm的薄膜,置于441.6nm激光干涉场中全息曝光,曝光强度为50mW/cm2,曝光时间为30s,制得光栅间距为1微米的全息光聚合物材料,其衍射效率为29%。
实施实例2:
采用1wt.%的光敏剂(2∶3的C2和C4)(且R1=C8H17,R2=噻唑基,R3=OH)、0.1wt.%的共引发剂(2∶2∶1的N-乙基马来酰亚胺、N-苯基甘氨酸和2,4,6-三(三氯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪)组成可见光光引发体系(光敏剂与共引发剂质量比为10∶1),将其加入到由70wt.%的单体(1∶2:1的丙烯酸丁酯、2-丙烯酸异辛酯和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)和30wt.%的聚乙烯醇粘结剂混合体系中,超声混合形成均匀混合乳液,制成厚度为20μm的薄膜,置于441.6nm激光干涉场中全息曝光,曝光强度为50mW/cm2,曝光时间为30s,制得光栅间距为1微米的全息光聚合物材料,其衍射效率为90%。
实施例3:
采用10wt.%的光敏剂C3(且R1=C8H17O,R2=NH2,R3=噻吩基)、0.5wt.%的共引发剂(2∶1∶1的三乙醇胺、乙酰苯基甘氨酸和3-腈基苯基甘氨酸)组成可见光光引发体系(光敏剂与共引发剂质量比为20∶1),将其加入到由60wt.%的单体(1∶1∶4的二甲基丙烯酸乙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸和乙烯基咔唑等)和29.5wt.%的聚乙烯醇粘结剂混合体系中,超声混合形成均匀混合乳液,制成厚度为20μm的薄膜,置于441.6nm激光干涉场中全息曝光,曝光强度为50mW/cm2,曝光时间为30s,制得光栅间距为1微米的全息光聚合物材料,其衍射效率为80%。
实施实例4:
采用0.5wt.%的光敏剂C4(且R1=N(C8H17)2,R2=NO2,R3=H)、10wt.%的共引发剂(1∶1∶1的对氯苯基甘氨酸、N-苯基甘氨酸乙酯和2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪)组成可见光光引发体系(光敏剂与共引发剂质量比为1∶20),将其加入到由60wt.%的单体(3∶1∶4的N-乙烯基咔唑、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯和甲叉双丙烯酰胺)和29.5wt.%的聚乙烯醇粘结剂混合体系中,超声混合形成均匀混合乳液,制成厚度为20μm的薄膜,置于441.6nm激光干涉场中全息曝光,曝光强度为50mW/cm2,曝光时间为30s,制得光栅间距为1微米的全息光聚合物材料,其衍射效率为76%。
实施例5:
采用2wt.%的光敏剂(1∶1和C1和C5,且R1=苯基,R2=R3=R5=H,R4=CN,R6=SH)、8wt.%的共引发剂(1∶1∶1的对氯苯基甘氨酸、N-苯基甘氨酸乙酯和2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪)组成可见光光引发体系(光敏剂与共引发剂质量比为1∶4),将其加入到由60wt.%的单体(1∶2∶4的丙烯酸丁酯、2-丙烯酸异辛酯和N-乙烯基咔唑)和30wt.%的聚乙烯醇粘结剂混合体系中,超声混合形成均匀混合乳液,制成厚度为20μm的薄膜,置于441.6nm激光干涉场中全息曝光,曝光强度为100mW/cm2,曝光时间为30s,制得光栅间距为1微米的全息光聚合物材料,其衍射效率为89%。
实施例6:
采用0.5wt.%的光敏剂C4(且R1=N(C8H17)2,R2=NO2,R3=H)、10wt.%的共引发剂(N-苯基甘氨酸乙酯)组成可见光光引发体系(光敏剂与共引发剂质量比为1∶20),将其加入到由60wt.%的单体(3∶1∶4的N-乙烯基咔唑、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯和甲叉双丙烯酰胺)和29.5wt.%的聚乙烯醇粘结剂混合体系中,超声混合形成均匀混合乳液,制成厚度为20μm的薄膜,置于441.6nm激光干涉场中全息曝光,曝光强度为50mW/cm2,曝光时间为30s,制得光栅间距为1微米的全息光聚合物材料,其衍射效率为86%。
Claims (4)
1.一种制备高衍射效率全息光聚合物材料的可见光光引发体系,其特征是:所述的可见光光引发体系由光敏剂和共引发剂组成。
2.根据权利1所述的可见光光引发体系,其特征是:光敏剂与共引发剂的质量比为20∶1~1∶20。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可见光光引发体系,其特征是:所述的共引发剂为N,N,N-三乙胺、N-甲基马来酰亚胺、N-乙基马来酰亚胺、三乙醇胺、N-苯基甘氨酸、乙酰苯基甘氨酸、对氯苯基甘氨酸、3-溴苯基甘氨酸、3-腈基苯基甘氨酸、N-苯基甘氨酸乙酯、2,4,6-三(三氯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪和2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪中的一种或几种。
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CN107603642A (zh) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-19 | 华中科技大学 | 一种高衍射效率低驱动电压的全息聚合物分散液晶及其制备 |
CN108931887A (zh) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-12-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | 红敏光致聚合物材料、制备方法及应用 |
CN110452317A (zh) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-15 | 华中科技大学 | 一种用于3d打印的可见光光引发体系及其应用 |
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