Environment-friendly light is planted and is given birth to by piece
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental protection and resource reutilization field, particularly a kind of agricultural container nursery is planted with environment-friendly light and is given birth to by piece.
Background technology
China belongs to arid big country, because historical reasons, the high economic growth of populous and resource dependent form, become second-biggest-in-the-world discharging state, overexploitation and discharging increase the weight of ecological load day by day, plough and reduce gradually, wherein water resources is deficient day by day, and the urban afforestation irrigation water progressively is restricted, the continuous accumulation of domestic waste becomes the focus that people that people pay close attention to pay close attention to.Especially the farm crop in rural area residues stalk, except the minority straw-returning is feeding, most of burn discarded, significant wastage resource also polluted environment, when rubbish output increased sharply, the formation of rubbish and physics and chemistry problem are also corresponding, and great changes will take place.
The nearly more than ten years, along with constantly bringing forth new ideas of science and technology, the light ground mass container seedling soilless culture of agricultural flower industry, the application of polymer water-absorbent, make the agricultural flower industry obtain remarkable achievement, the beautification and greening in city wherein, grassland desertification is administered, the soilless culture of high-grade cash crop all is that following reuse lightweight is planted the field of being used by piece of giving birth to, and especially the vegetable or flower industry attracts many departments to set foot in high economic benefit and unique social benefit and ecological benefits.
At present, the lawn soilless in market on the market, planting living band container seedling matrix majority is former green material, and can resolve into the also nobody's production at all of single vessel block, these former green material majorities are from forest topsoil and wetland exploitation, and these resources all are Nonrenewable resources in a short time, are the predecessors of coal evolution process.A large amount of immoderate exploitations are that ground flora is seriously destroyed, make the ecosystem more fragile, reduced the function of self-restraint water, salinification appears in large stretch of good farmland, land resources have suffered serious destruction, nowadays, it is not perishable that the lawn soilless on the market has non-woven fabrics to exist, and the use field is single, plastic containers are grown seedlings time-consuming, cost is higher, and many shortcoming utmost points do not meet modern people's low-carbon (LC) life, in nation-building modernization garden-like cities, in the process of the batch production soilless culture of agroforestry, organic solid rubbish, the reuse of agriculture and forestry organic waste material can be alleviated the overexploitation of output and the primary resource of rubbish; Overcome the present situation of greening, plantation matrix water and nutrient deficiency, improved the agriculture forestry planting benefit, both fixed carbonic acid gas, alleviated the tropical island effect in city, increased species diversity again, saved valuable Freshwater resources, also all are practical, the resource circulation utilization approach of economical rationality for municipal solid organic waste and agriculture and forestry organic waste material have found.
Though domestic waste is a kind of source raw material of plant cultivation media very widely, but a lot of matrix have the ight soil of people and poultry during owing to garbage treatment, plant to give birth to and to be produced harmful waste gas and waste water in the piece making processes, planting of making given birth to by piece (lawn) meeting frowziness, influence its market acceptance, do not see to make to plant and give birth to by the report of piece, and traditional processing is landfill natural decomposition in soil.Recovery utilization rate is extremely low.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of and utilizes domestic refuse as the raw material of artificial soil and be made into light-weight plant by the method for piece according to the blank in above-mentioned field, abundant recycling resource, low-cost, environmental protection.
A kind of environment-friendly light is planted and is given birth to by piece, and its production technique comprises the steps
(1) the organic raw material fermentative processing obtains the fermentation material: refer to plant class agroforestry can be decomposed waste through pulverizing the fragment of gained, adding water, to stir the stockpile water holding capacity that makes in heaps be 50~60%, by the decomposition of fermenting of every cubic metre of organic raw material inoculation 500g EM bacterial classification;
(2) base starting material of the following weight part ratio of preparation: 0.5~7.5 part of macromolecule water absorbent material fragment, fermentation is expected 60~70 parts, 10~15 parts of plastic waste fragments, 5~10 parts in perlite, vermiculite and mixture of fly ash powder, 15~20 parts in waste paper, 95% PP
3330.25~7.5 part of former medicine; ,
(3) preparation is planted and is given birth to by piece embryo compound: add the plastic waste fragment, the PP of perlite, vermiculite and mixture of fly ash powder and waste paper fragment and 95% in the fermentation material
333Former medicine, poach adds the macromolecule water absorbent material fragment and obtains compound while mix thoroughly, amount of water account for compound weight 50~60% between, PH is adjusted to 5.5~7.5;
(4) tax is molded, then sowing;
(5) vegetable fibre that covering 1.5~3mm is thick is right, and described vegetable fibre refers to the plant fragment of sweet wormwood;
(6) drying,
Described fragment refers to that particle diameter is the crushed material of 3-20mm size.
Described reuse macromolecule water absorbent material refers to reclaim the discarded paper diaper of sterilization, sanitary towel, thieving paper.
After planting described, planting of described moulding to be given birth to by the sowing face of piece embryo spray layer of adhesive, spray thickness is 0.5~1mm, it is that 0.5~1mm plant class agroforestry can be decomposed and cooled off the paste that obtains after waste is increased water boil that described tackiness agent refers to pulverize.
Described plant class agroforestry can be decomposed the residue of dry branches and fallen leaves, shell, bark, edible fungus cluster slag, pharmaceutical factory of traditional Chinese medicine's dregs of a decoction and/or fermentation industry that waste refers to agricultural crop straw, forest.
Also add in the described organic raw material fermentative processing with plant class agroforestry and can decompose the waste quality than the dry cattle and sheep excrement fragment that is 10%.
The parameter that described fermentation is decomposed is: 30~40 ℃ of initial stage temperature, mid-term, temperature was 45~65 ℃, turning 2~3 times.
Described hot-forming parameter is: the temperature of pressing plate pressure roller is set at 85 degrees centigrade, and the pad pressure time is 15~25 minutes, and pressure is 2.5~3MP.
Described preparation is planted and is given birth to by piece embryo compound in composing the reticulated of packing into before molded.
The molded employing roll-type of described tax, formed clamp plate surface are densely covered with pyramidal projections and are used for being pressed into the sowing cave planting to give birth to by the piece embryo.
The molded employing roll-type of described tax, formed clamp plate backplate surface are provided with the latticed protruding rib of big lattices such as formation, are provided with pyramidal projections corresponding to the grid central authorities of base plate on the formed clamp plate base plate and are used for being pressed into the sowing cave planting to give birth to by the piece embryo.
The objective of the invention is a kind of reuse lightweight soilless substrate of plant-growth that provides by piece, utilize agricultural wastes, city can decompose organism such as the Chinese medicine slag of organic solid rubbish, factory, coal ash, furfural mushroom slag, through removal of impurities, dry, pulverize, become after the fermentation and be rich in organotrophic artificial soil matrix, with matrix and paper waste, industrial coal ash, inorganic componentss such as perlite are mixed, for adding the necessary inorganic fertilizer composition of plant-growth in the organic soil matrix.Because the raw material majority is organic materials, bounce-back is arranged, adding paper waste can increase plasticity-as solidifying agent, for stock yard provides stiction force, prevents short texture after the moulding, and volume expands to loose and sticks together.Of the present invention plant to give birth to also added growth retardant in the piece, can make broadcast into the seed plant downgrade, promote root growth, prevent over-ground part excessive growth, reduce cradling number of times, improve the cold-resistant drought-enduring ability of plant, prolong the green phase, but plant is downgraded and promotes bud differentiation to improve transplanting survival rate during grow seedlings of vegetable.Of the present invention planting given birth to by its top layer of piece owing to be coated with one deck vegetable fibre (blue and green wormwood artemisia), contains Artemisinin, has the function of deodorizing, polymer water-absorbent is contained in its inside, and can adsorb a part has flavor gas, has the effect of slowly-releasing, directly lay when lay on the lawn, need not to transplant the time and labour saving.
The present invention is preferably after planting giving birth to by the tackiness agent of piece surface spraying one deck plant constituent planting, be used for preventing broadcasting into seed be scattered, and have the effect of reinforcing.Used tackiness agent is organic nutriment available in the seed germination process, making method is will to pulverize very carefully plant class agricultural organic waste and add water boil to become starchiness, cooling gets final product, because the interaction between the Mierocrystalline cellulose wherein has certain cohesive force.
Composing when molded, can be made into the lawn and give birth to by piece with planting, select equidistantly to be provided with pyramidal projections and be used for punching press and sow the tax pressing plate in cave and get final product.Also can be made into the container seedling seedling medium, can according to containers size with one big plant to give birth to be pressed into some fissionable unit by piece and plant and give birth to by piece, the tax pressing plate of selecting needs at base plate latticed protruding rib is arranged, be used for extruding the unit by the tearing mark of piece, be convenient to plant give birth to and be easy to be split into single planting for a short time after the piece water-swelling and give birth to by piece, have pyramidal projections to be used to be pressed into the sowing cave on the panel.Under the situation that does not need to tear, the purpose of culturing and transplanting seedlings surviving rate has been realized improving easily for playing the effect of physics control root when growing seedlings in the space that the protruding rib on the base plate extrudes.
It all is twice-laid stuff by the material of piece that lightweight of the present invention is planted living, and cost of manufacture is low, and discharging is extremely low in process of production, and in agroforestry, flower industry has broad application prospects.Its container factory lightweight that is mainly used in the agricultural flower industry is grown seedlings, desertification treatment, and the Revegetation of husky slash, the landslide Revegetation, the city roof greening, the residential quarter height is saline land afforested, the planting of football pitch, golf course.Both protected primary material resources; increased the function of ecosystem balance; improved the efficient of plant husbandry; found an effective resource circulation utilization approach for again domestic waste, agriculture and forestry organic waste material, factory's organic waste; make the high economic optimization combination of renewable resource, more effective and reasonable utilization.By use experiment showed, of the present invention plant to give birth to by piece make the lawn in nursery stage water saving 67%, growing-seedling period shortens 30%, 45 day just can go out the garden, it is 280 days that there is the green phase of soil grassplot in Beijing, to plant life be 320 days by the green phase of piece and the present invention does not have soil; And soil grassplot weight is arranged is not have soil to plant 11.6 times that give birth to by piece, has soil grassplot just to need water spray 1 time per 6 days of pliotherm period, only needs water of spray in 10 days and plant to give birth to by piece, and water-saving result is obvious, and the greening landscape effect is outstanding.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. environmental protection of the present invention is planted and is given birth to the lawn matrix schematic top plan view that is made into by piece
Fig. 2. environmental protection of the present invention is planted and is given birth to the lawn matrix longitudinal section synoptic diagram that is made into by piece
Fig. 3. environmental protection of the present invention is planted and is given birth to the container nursery matrix schematic top plan view that is made into by piece
Fig. 4 environmental protection of the present invention is planted and is given birth to the container nursery matrix longitudinal section synoptic diagram that is made into by piece
Fig. 5. plant the tax pressing plate base plate that the living container nursery matrix that is made into by piece is adopted with environmental protection of the present invention
Fig. 6. plant the tax pressing plate panel that the living container nursery matrix that is made into by piece is adopted with environmental protection of the present invention
Wherein 1-sows the cave, and the 2-environment-friendly light is planted and given birth to by tear seam between the unit of piece, 3-projection rib, 4-pyramidal projections
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 environment-friendly light of the present invention is planted and is given birth to by the preparation of piece
Following a few class raw materials are prepared in step (1) classification:
Macromolecule water absorbent material: through the recovery paper diaper of high-temperature sterilization, sanitary towel, thieving paper etc., sterilising temp are not higher than 90 degrees centigrade.
Plant class agroforestry can be decomposed waste: crop material, the dry branches and fallen leaves of forest, the residue of shell, bark, edible fungus cluster slag, pharmaceutical factory of traditional Chinese medicine's dregs of a decoction and/or fermentation industry, through the high-temperature sterilization drying, the fragment that most of pulverizing is 3~20mm is stand-by, and the small part pulverizing is that the smalls of 0.5~1mm is stand-by.
Dry cattle and sheep excrement: through the high-temperature sterilization drying, pulverizing is the fragment of 3~20mm.
Plastic waste: the waste plastic bag, plastic containers, the industrial waste plastics, pulverizing is the fragment of 3~20mm.
Inorganic salts: perlite, vermiculite, mixture of fly ash, pulverizing are the above flour sands of 50 orders.
Waste paper: the dry thing of the waste paper in the domestic waste, paper mill paper waste, pulverizing are the fragment of 3~20mm.
Growth retardant PP333: the popular name paclobutrazol, chemical name: (2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chloro-phenyl-)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) penta-3-alcohol is the former medicine of 95% paclobutrazol.
Microbial inoculum, the EM microbial inoculum, total viable count 〉=6,000,000,000/milliliter are for Powdered.(purchase in Cangzhou prosperous generation thing technical institute) sweet wormwood hay, pulverizing is the fragment of 3~20mm.
Step (2) organic raw material fermentative processing obtains the fermentation material:
Plant class agroforestry can be decomposed the waste fragment, add water stir in heaps, in the decomposition of fermenting of the ratio of every cubic metre of organic raw material inoculation 500g EM microbial inoculum;
The present invention adopts the industrial fermentation method:
The stockpile water holdup of mixing 50~60%, and add 10% cattle and sheep excrement of organic raw material quality, carry out heap fermentation, 30 meters of the sizes of stockpile are long, and 6 meters are wide, and 3 meters are high, and material team sets up water pipeline in the top, and the water spray back covers fermentation with plastic film.The monitoring temperature probe is inserted in the inside of material, and temperature is set at 50 degrees centigrade, and automatic control system starts and begins water spray, air blast during temperature to 50 degree centigrade, to replenish matrix, oxygen and moisture.Whole fermentation process needs 2-3 month, can shorten to 1 month behind the inoculation EM bacterium, and general 2 weeks are handed over a water, a turning in month once, when leavening temperature near naturally below 30 degrees centigrade from high temperature.
Fermentation process can also be in the following ways:
The traditional zymotic method: with the material humidification control oxygen for preparing, inoculation EM biotechnological formulation carries out bacterial strain and decomposes.
Industry partial carbonization method: utilize partial carbonization stove automatic charging, temperature control, control oxygen and mechanize realize the quick partial carbonization of material.
Step (3) is prepared base starting material in following weight part ratio: 0.5~7.5 part of macromolecule water absorbent material, 60~70 parts in fermentation material, 10~15 parts of plastic waste fragments, 5~10 parts in perlite, vermiculite and mixture of fly ash powder, 15~20 parts in waste paper, growth retardant PP
3330.25~7.5 parts;
Step (4) preparation is planted and is given birth to by piece embryo compound: add the plastic waste fragment, perlite, vermiculite and mixture of fly ash powder and waste paper fragment and growth retardant PP in the fermentation material
333, poach adds the macromolecule water absorbent material fragment while mix thoroughly, and amount of water accounts for 50%~60% of compound weight, and PH is adjusted to 5.5~7.5.
The compound of step (5) gained is put into reticulated, and tentatively to mat formation be 2~8 cm thicks, composes molded then.
Compose press forming device and select common shaving board equipment for use, the upper strata gets pressing plate,
Pressing plate is two kinds of specifications: a kind ofly give birth to by piece be used to being pressed into planting of lawn, only need molded and extrude the sowing cave get final product, so pressing plate is provided with the cave-head that dashes of the pyramidal projections 4 of gathering, be used to form and sow cave 1.As shown in Figure 1, the planting of lawn that be used for of the present invention's preparation given birth to by piece, and the distance between the sowing cave is 0.5~3 centimetre, the degree of depth is 0.3-0.5 centimetre, moulding is planted and is given birth to by 0.8~1.2 centimetre of piece thickness, and the cladding thickness of vegetable fibre is 1.5~3 millimeters, divides to compose for three times and presses.
Another kind of living by piece such as Fig. 3,4 for being pressed into planting of container seedling seedling medium, can according to containers size with one big plant to give birth to be pressed into some fissionable unit by piece and plant and give birth to by piece, the tax pressing plate of selecting needs at base plate latticed protruding rib 3 is arranged, as Fig. 5, be used for extruding the unit by the tearing mark 2 of piece, be convenient to plant give birth to and be easy to be split into single planting for a short time after the piece water-swelling and give birth to by piece, have pyramidal projections 4 to be used for being pressed into sowing cave 1 on the panel, as Fig. 6.It is 2-8 centimetre by piece thickness that moulding is planted living, and the cave is 0.3~2.0 centimetre deeply, and the aperture in sowing cave can be set according to seed diameter.
The temperature of pressing plate pressure roller is set at 85 degrees centigrade, and the pad pressure time is 15~25 minutes, and pressure is 2.5~3MP, composes and presses three times.Step (6) sowing:
With 2YJB-1000 type tree seed precision planter.The bunch planting amount is the 0-8 grain during operation, and the bunch planting accuracy of measurement is ± 1, hole, cave cloth position ± 3mm, and 1 meter of working width, thickness of sowing 650 caves~10000 caves/square meter, the sowing parameter can arbitrarily be adjusted by the purposes of piece with planting to give birth to.
Step (7) spray tackiness agent:
Planting of described moulding given birth to by the sowing face of piece embryo spray layer of adhesive, and spray thickness is 0.5~1mm, and it is that 0.5~1mm plant class agroforestry can be decomposed and cooled off the paste that obtains after waste is increased water boil that described tackiness agent refers to pulverize.
Step (8) covers the thick sweet wormwood hay fragment of 1.5~3mm.Step (9) is colded pressing, and drying is preserved.Be dried to and make water content be lower than the required humidity of seed germination.
Embodiment 2 of the present invention planting are given birth to by piece and the comparison that soil grassplot is arranged
Material: grass seeds kind: English grass, Festuca Arundinacea was by mixed seeding in 50%: 50%.
Table 1
Comparing result shows as table 1: plant and give birth to by piece, make the lawn in nursery stage water saving 67%, growing-seedling period shortens 30%, 45 day just can go out the garden, and it is 280 days that there is the green phase of soil grassplot in Beijing, and to plant living be 320 days by piece and there is not soil; And soil grassplot weight is arranged is not have soil to plant 11.6 times that give birth to by piece, has soil grassplot just to need water spray 1 time per 6 days of pliotherm period, only needs water of spray in 10 days and plant to give birth to by piece, and water-saving result is obvious, and the greening landscape effect is outstanding.Lightweight is planted to give birth to and is rotted to give back soil by piece at several Nian Houke, improve the soil fertility in soil, and traditional non-woven fabrics lawn is difficult to remove.Especially it all is twice-laid stuff by the material of piece that reuse lightweight is planted living, and cost of manufacture is low, and discharging is extremely low in process of production, in agroforestry, flower industry has broad application prospects, and the function of stabilizing carbon dioxide is also arranged simultaneously, meets very much the modern to the demand of low-carbon (LC) life.