CN102319722A - Mixed municipal domestic garbage resource treatment process - Google Patents
Mixed municipal domestic garbage resource treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- CN102319722A CN102319722A CN201110221895A CN201110221895A CN102319722A CN 102319722 A CN102319722 A CN 102319722A CN 201110221895 A CN201110221895 A CN 201110221895A CN 201110221895 A CN201110221895 A CN 201110221895A CN 102319722 A CN102319722 A CN 102319722A
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- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
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- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mixed municipal domestic garbage resource treatment process which mainly comprises the following steps: a) unstacking compressed municipal domestic garbage to form the loose state and placing on a conveyor belt in a scattered manner; b) breaking bags; c) performing magnetic separation; d) conveying to a water separation pool for performing specific gravity separation; e) respectively collecting three types of matters in the step d) in the water separation pool; f) breaking inorganic matters collected in the step e), grading, and adding cement and other auxiliary materials to prepare a building material product; g) performing manual separation and recycling on light matters collected in the step e); h) performing solid-liquid separation on putrescible organic matter solution collected in the step e); i) enabling separated water to enter into a water treatment pool for treatment, and then returning the water to the separation pool for recycling; j) crushing separated solids, enabling the solids to enter into a fermentation pool and getting biogas, biogas residue and biogas slurry after fermentation for utilizing respectively; and f) using the building material product with the water. By adopting the scheme of the treatment process, domestic garbage can be completely transformed into related products in building, chemical industry, energy and agricultural production industries, the secondary environmental pollution discharge can be avoided, and the continuous, automatic and large-scale treatment of the municipal domestic garbage can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the garbage disposal field, particularly load in mixture domestic waste resource and automation continuous processing technique.
Background technology
At present, the big complicated component of domestic waste amount, intractability is big, and except the material that can directly recycle was on a small quantity wherein recycled, other major part all adopted landfill method and burning method.Landfill method needs special place; Investment is big; Adopt artificial seepage control technique measure to involve great expense, and landfill is easy to generate uncontrollable complex biochemical reaction at underground rubbish, reactant will cause lasting secondary pollution to underground water body and environment; And landfill is long in the cycle that underground rubbish natural decomposition needs, and generally needs to decompose fully decades.Burning method is a kind of high-temperature heat treatment technology; Promptly in incinerator, carry out the oxidizing fire reaction with a certain amount of excess air and the debirs that are processed; The oxidation under 800-1200 ℃ high temperature of harmful substance in the refuse; Pyrolysis and being destroyed is unreasonable to utilizing of the abundant biological energy source that comprises in the rubbish.Reason is: when the first, burning, the water evaporates of 30-40% and about 40% inorganic matter partly absorb heat in the rubbish, and the energy is wasted; The second, the part that can burn in the rubbish mainly is the organic matter that accounts for the about 40-60% of rubbish proportion; But what wherein combustion heat value was very low can rotten part; Therefore account for about 35-45%, other only accounts for about 6-8% is the petroleum products such as plastic, rubber of high heating value, and it is low to load in mixture the overall calorific value of house refuse.It is generally acknowledged: the boundary calorific value of the rubbish spontaneous combustion of incinerator is 4180KJ/kg; Be that combustible content in the rubbish should be more than 76%; Usually have only medical waste can satisfy autoignition conditions, and the combustible less than 30% in the house refuse must be replenished by extra fuel.Can think that the emphasis of incinerating method is in innoxious and minimizing, and the utilization of non-resource.Combustion energy, major part have been wasted in the heating of unnecessary water evaporates and inorganic matter.Though innoxious and minimizing rubbish, lost the large number of biological energy, so products obtained therefrom only has electric power, remaining about 20% lime-ash must be in that to handle the heavy metal rear capable of using.Though the discharging flue gas is up to standard, also has the long-term pollution effect to the atmospheric environment pollution of circulation.In addition, investment is big in addition, operation and maintenance cost is high, and financial burden heavily waits shortcoming.
Therefore, the resource utilization method of research house refuse is only the fundamental way that solves garbage problem.As long as house refuse has been carried out effective sorting, can realize secondary resource utilization to rubbish.One Chinese patent application number is 200910250706.2 to provide a kind of and select the method for post processing rubbish through moisture, and the rubbish that this method will be gone into minute scavenger is divided into three layers of material through natural subsidence, collects the rear section respectively and utilizes the part landfill.Purpose is to reduce the quantity of refuse and the complexity that reduces the landfill waste composition of landfill yard; But shortcoming is: dividing the big water gaging of selecting for use is to enter sewage treatment plant to handle; These Shuifu County contain the rubbish from cooking composition; Not only do not utilize the resource of rubbish from cooking, and can increase the weight of the burden that sewage treatment plant handles and transmits; Recycling is not thorough, and most of rubbish also needs landfill; Sorting can not realize automation with utilizing; Foul smell in sorting and collection and the transmission course can constitute pollution to atmosphere.
China's Changyi City's domestic garbage resource utilizes engineering that a kind of treatment technology is provided: earlier the whole fermenting tank for fermentation that drops into of rubbish is decomposed; Obtain biogas and fertilizer; And then the rubbish after will fermenting carries out sorting comprehensive utilization, and this method can effectively realize the garbage as resource utilization, but shortcoming is: must make fermentation vat too huge the whole fermentation vat that gets into of not sorting of rubbish earlier; Overload, operation easier is big; A large amount of material such as materials such as brick and tile sandstone, plastics, glass or even the battery that is harmful to, heavy metal of not participating in fermenting get into fermentation vat participation sweat; Can have a strong impact on the quality of fermentation efficiency and fertilizer, its sweat can be equal to the fermentation decomposable process in the refuse landfill; The big water gaging that sweat produces does not utilize, and discharging will inevitably cause water pollution; Sweat needs the time, when quantity of refuse is big, is difficult to realize the uninterrupted processing continuously of rubbish.
Summary of the invention
To the weak point of above-mentioned prior art, the present invention aims to provide and a kind ofly can be fully loads in mixture the domestic waste recycling treatment process to what domestic waste recycled utilization, has solved the variety of issue that above-mentioned prior art exists effectively.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme of the present invention's employing is: load in mixture the domestic waste recycling treatment process, it is characterized in that, mainly be divided into following steps:
The domestic waste that a. will be compressed into buttress carries out de-stacking becomes loose condition (of surface), and divides continuously and intersperse among on the conveyer belt;
B. adopt the broken bag of special-purpose commercially available bag-breaking machine;
C. adopt special-purpose commercially available magnetic separator magnetic separation;
D. the domestic waste after the magnetic separation is sent to and carries out gravity separation in the moisture scavenger; Tell the light materials of bubbling through the water column of proportion less than water; Proportion near water be dissolved in or suspend in water can rotten organic matter solution, proportion is greater than the demersal inorganic matter of water;
E. in the moisture scavenger, collect three types of materials in the d step respectively;
F. the inorganic matter of collecting among the step e is delivered to the building materials workshop; After sorting out non-building material materials such as battery, nonmagnetic metal, structural glass; The building materials raw material is carried out harmless treatment; Pass through fragmentation then, auxiliary materials such as grating, interpolation cement are processed building material made, for example standard brick, floor tile, road side stone, concrete and concrete product etc.;
G. with the light materials of collecting among the step e, mainly be polybag, paper, wood, leather-like etc., carry out artificial separation classification reuse, for example plastics are processed the regenerated plastics particle, and paper, wood, leather send corresponding paper plant to utilize after running up to some again;
H. can rotten organic matter solution delivering to of collecting among the step e carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid in the continuous solid-liquid separating machine;
I. the water that the h step is separated is sent into to return after water treating pond is handled and is divided scavenger to recycle;
J. fermentation vat is pulverized, gone into to h step solid separated, keeping rapid fermentation under uniform temperature, pressure and the fermented bacterium control, obtain biogas, natural pond slag, natural pond liquid after the fermentation and utilize respectively:
1., biogas saves as fuel used to generate electricity or industrial chemicals through purifying, pressurization; 2., behind the slag harmlessness of natural pond, carry out the fertilizer efficiency balance, granulation, compoiste fertilizer is processed in oven dry; 3., natural pond liquid imports water treating pond and handles the back and return and divide the scavenger recycle, part is used as step f building material made water; Solid line is the technology trend of garbage substance among Fig. 1, and dotted line is the circulation of water in the decorum and uses the technology trend.
As preferably: need in the wet concentration process in step a to stir and pulverize so that can rotten organic matter and be dissolved in or suspend in water as far as possible.
As preferably: glass, nonmagnetic metal, battery for loading in mixture in the domestic waste carry out the auxiliary sorting of manual work.
The invention effect
Compared with prior art, this invention has following technique effect:
1, after sorting; The relative unification of all kinds of materials in the house refuse;, can be with the main processing of one matter technology as building waste system building materials, can rotten rubbish from cooking ferment producing methane and fertilizer, plastics reuse regeneration techniques etc., be linked in sorting after; Form complete production chain, batch production with the Related product of rubbish as raw material production and building, chemical industry, the energy, agricultural production industry.Rubbish really becomes resource, gets back on the original ecological position, no longer needs landfill and burning.
2, this technology also can be used for the garbage disposal in the old soot that landfill is full, displaces valuable soil.
3, the water after water after the sorting and the fermentation is all got back to water treating pond, recycles after the processing.The increment water that rubbish is brought in the system can be produced employed water balance by the building materials that with the building waste are raw material, not to external world discharging or send professional sewage treatment plant to handle, does not therefore have second environmental pollution.Dotted line has been represented the circulation of water and the route of use in the system in the accompanying drawing.
4, this invention garbage treatment quantity is big, kind is many, and large, medium and small city all can be used.But both intermittent duties also can move continuously.Both can handle generally loading in mixture house refuse, also can handle the rubbish from cooking and the urban architecture rubbish of hotel respectively.
5, this invention easily is automated production rubbish is transformed into product, and the economic construction of being socially reintegrated circulation integrates society, environment, economic benefit.But self-operating produces economic benefit, significantly reduces the disbursement cost of government's garbage disposal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is done further detailed description.
Embodiment:
Referring to Fig. 1, load in mixture the domestic waste recycling treatment process and mainly be divided into following steps:
The domestic waste that a. will be compressed into buttress carries out de-stacking becomes loose condition (of surface), and divides continuously and intersperse among on the conveyer belt;
B. adopt the broken bag of special-purpose commercially available bag-breaking machine;
C. adopt special-purpose commercially available magnetic separator magnetic separation;
D. the domestic waste after the magnetic separation is sent to and carries out gravity separation in the moisture scavenger; Tell the light materials of bubbling through the water column of proportion less than water; Proportion near water be dissolved in or suspend in water can rotten organic matter solution, proportion is greater than the demersal inorganic matter of water;
E. in the moisture scavenger, collect three types of materials in the d step respectively;
F. the inorganic matter of collecting among the step e is delivered to the building materials workshop; After sorting out non-building material materials such as battery, nonmagnetic metal, structural glass; The building materials raw material is carried out harmless treatment; Pass through fragmentation then, auxiliary materials such as grating, interpolation cement are processed building material made, and for example standard brick, floor tile, road side stone, wave resistance stone, various urban construction and hydraulic engineering are with concrete and concrete product etc.;
G. with the light materials of collecting among the step e, mainly be polybag, paper, wood, leather-like etc., carry out artificial separation classification reuse, for example plastics are processed the regenerated plastics particle, and paper, wood, leather send corresponding paper plant to utilize after running up to some again;
H. can rotten organic matter solution delivering to of collecting among the step e carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid in the continuous solid-liquid separating machine;
I. the water that the h step is separated is sent into to return after water treating pond is handled and is divided scavenger to recycle;
J. fermentation vat is pulverized, gone into to h step solid separated, keeping rapid fermentation under the control of uniform temperature, pressure and fermented bacterium and mechanical agitation, obtain biogas, natural pond slag, natural pond liquid after the fermentation and utilize respectively:
1., biogas saves as fuel used to generate electricity or industrial chemicals through purifying, pressurization; 2., behind the slag harmlessness of natural pond, carry out the fertilizer efficiency balance, granulation, compoiste fertilizer is processed in oven dry; 3., natural pond liquid imports water treating pond and handles the back and return and divide the scavenger recycle, part is used as step f building material made water; Solid line is the technology trend of garbage substance among Fig. 1, and dotted line is the circulation of water in the decorum and uses the technology trend.
In the present embodiment, need to stir in the wet concentration process in steps d and pulverize so that can rotten organic matter and be dissolved in as far as possible or suspend in water; And glass, nonmagnetic metal, battery for loading in mixture in the domestic waste carry out the auxiliary sorting of manual work.
Principle of the present invention:
The core of garbage as resource utilization is that the effective sorting that loads in mixture rubbish, the increment utilization of sorting thing reach the environment non-secondary pollution.According to these main principle; Garbage as resource technology early-stage Study key breakthrough load in mixture the sorting technology difficulty of rubbish; Succeed; And, link existing inorganic and organic waste garbage disposal mature technology based on the breakthrough of sorting technology, develop and complete complete rubbish complete resource new technology.Be the basis with this technology, can the recycling treatment of rubbish be designed to automatic or semi-automatic production line operation, the automatic continuously house refuse of handling of batch production.Through strict sorting; To load in mixture sorting consumer waste and be inorganic matter (sandstone, brick and tile, cement products etc.), kitchen surplus organic can rotten type material, several big type of metal, plastics (rubber, paper, cloth, leather), battery, glass, carry out recycling treatment then targetedly.
To inorganic matter, be crushed to the appropriate size of building material product requirement earlier, and add an amount of biochemical reagents stirring, a small amount of organic matter remaining in the inanimate matter of degrading fast endangers with the possible heavy metal of elimination.Carry out grating by the building materials ingredient requirement then, add inorganic bond (like cement etc.) mixing again after, on mould or brickmaking machine, process goods such as concrete-containing building material or brick and tile for building.
To organic can rotten type of material; Utilize anaerobic fermentation theory; Choose suitable biological flora inoculation fermentation in confined conditions; Through factors such as organic loading reasonable in design, sludge age, suitable fermentation temperature, pH value, biological bacteria population, mechanical agitation, the matrix C/N of control compare, make organic matter continuous rapid fermentation in the sealed fermenting pond.In the sweat biological flora with the organic solid waste hydrolysis, assimilate and discharge simultaneously and possess the biogas that canonical biometric can characteristic.CH in the biogas
4Account for 60%, CO
2Account for 30%, all the other are H
2O, H
2S, NH
3Deng, therefore through behind certain purifying process, biogas promptly becomes near the good energy of heating value of natural gas or electric power and industrial chemicals.All the other materials are natural pond slag and natural pond liquid, owing to N, P, K in the organic matter are not only lost by the microbial metabolism utilization as matrix, thereby can prepare the processing back as good natural organic fertilizer.Metal, glass, part stationery, refuse battery to sorting directly send corresponding enterprise to recycle; Can carry out manual work to the plastics class and process the recycling of regenerated plastics particle after the sorting again.
The water circulation is the center with the water treating pond in the treatment system; The natural pond liquid water that water in the system after the process Separation of Solid and Liquid and sweat produce all gets into water treating pond and re-uses through behind the flocculation sediment; Wherein can directly deliver to the branch scavenger through flocculation sediment water and make the sorting water, the water of producing as building materials need filter the back use through detoxifcation again.Increment water in the system mainly is to be brought into by rubbish; Rubbish water content through being compressed into buttress is about 30-40%; But the water consumption of building material made can balance the increment water of system through the output of suitable increasing building material made at 25-35%, makes system handles no longer to extraneous discharge water.The mud that precipitates in the water treating pond simultaneously regularly is sent to fermentation decomposition in the methane-generating pit, does not therefore have second environmental pollution.
In the treatment process; The whole closed operations of solid-liquid separation step of the de-stacking of rubbish, broken bag, magnetic separation, sorting, kitchen excess matter; And can the foul smell filter be installed at the inlet port of rubbish and the exit of sorting material; Therefore the discharging of restriction foul smell can reduce to minimum to the influence of ambient atmosphere environment with foul smell.
The present invention is reasonable in design, through proprietary letter sorting technology, in conjunction with biology, chemical industry, building materials, electromechanical integration technology, changes house refuse into building, chemical industry, the energy, agricultural production industry Related product.Compare with traditional garbage treating process, rubbish becomes real resource, becomes a link on the sustainable development recycling economy chain, and environment is no longer constituted pollution; By the finished product marketing profit that this technology is processed, can keep the self-operating expense fully, can no longer need country's appropriation to help.
The above is merely the detailed description of preferred embodiment of the present invention and graphic, is not to be used for limiting the present invention, and the embodiment or the approximate construction of all similar variations of doing according to creation spirit of the present invention all should be contained among the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. load in mixture the domestic waste recycling treatment process, it is characterized in that, mainly be divided into following steps:
The domestic waste that a. will be compressed into buttress carries out de-stacking becomes loose condition (of surface), and divides continuously and intersperse among on the conveyer belt;
B. adopt the broken bag of special-purpose commercially available bag-breaking machine;
C. adopt special-purpose commercially available magnetic separator magnetic separation;
D. the domestic waste after the magnetic separation is sent to and carries out gravity separation in the moisture scavenger; Tell the light materials of bubbling through the water column of proportion less than water; Proportion near water be dissolved in or suspend in water can rotten organic matter solution, proportion is greater than the demersal inorganic matter of water;
E. in the moisture scavenger, collect three types of materials in the d step respectively;
F. the inorganic matter of collecting among the step e is delivered to the building materials workshop; After sorting out non-building material materials such as battery, nonmagnetic metal, structural glass; The building materials raw material is carried out harmless treatment; Pass through fragmentation then, auxiliary materials such as grating, interpolation cement are processed building material made, for example standard brick, floor tile, road side stone, concrete and concrete product etc.;
G. with the light materials of collecting among the step e, mainly be polybag, paper, wood, leather-like etc., carry out artificial separation classification reuse, for example plastics are processed the regenerated plastics particle, and paper, wood, leather send corresponding paper plant to utilize after running up to some again;
H. can rotten organic matter solution delivering to of collecting among the step e carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid in the continuous solid-liquid separating machine;
I. the water that the h step is separated is sent into to return after water treating pond is handled and is divided scavenger to recycle;
J. fermentation vat is pulverized, gone into to h step solid separated, keeping rapid fermentation under uniform temperature, pressure and the fermented bacterium control, obtain biogas, natural pond slag, natural pond liquid after the fermentation and utilize respectively:
1., biogas saves as fuel used to generate electricity or industrial chemicals through purifying, pressurization; 2., behind the slag harmlessness of natural pond, carry out the fertilizer efficiency balance, granulation, compoiste fertilizer is processed in oven dry; 3., natural pond liquid imports water treating pond and handles the back and return and divide the scavenger recycle, part is used as step f building material made water.
2. the domestic waste recycling treatment process that loads in mixture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: need to stir in the wet concentration process in steps d and pulverize so that can rotten organic matter and be dissolved in as far as possible or suspend in water.
3. the domestic waste recycling treatment process that loads in mixture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: glass, nonmagnetic metal, battery for loading in mixture in the domestic waste carry out the auxiliary sorting of manual work.
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