CN102441555B - Comprehensive utilization and disposal method of urban domestic garbage - Google Patents

Comprehensive utilization and disposal method of urban domestic garbage Download PDF

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CN102441555B
CN102441555B CN201110248173.1A CN201110248173A CN102441555B CN 102441555 B CN102441555 B CN 102441555B CN 201110248173 A CN201110248173 A CN 201110248173A CN 102441555 B CN102441555 B CN 102441555B
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natural pond
fertilizer
biogas
gas
comprehensive utilization
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CN102441555A (en
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傅淑芳
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SHENZHEN ICOSTAR INVESTMENT CO Ltd
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SHENZHEN ICOSTAR INVESTMENT CO Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20Waste processing or separation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/78Recycling of wood or furniture waste

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  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a comprehensive utilization and disposal method of urban domestic garbage. The method comprises the following steps of: sorting mixed garbage into directly recovered metal, landfill materials, materials for producing methane through anaerobic digestion and raw materials for wood-plastic products; crushing the raw materials for the wood-plastic products and then performing vacuum compression molding; taking a fully-mixed anaerobic fermentation tank as a main reactor for preparing methane, treating the obtained methane by an absorption solution, and then carrying out secondary dehydration and compression so that the methane can be utilized as automotive fuel gas; allowing the absorption solution to release the absorbed impurities and gas through solution self-purification and gas regeneration, and purifying and compressing the released gas so that the gas can be utilized as a photosynthetic fertilizer needed for planting greenhouse vegetable; and pre-treating biogas slurry after aerobic biochemical treatment by activated fly ash so as to adsorb NH3-N, and adding biogas residues and a preset amount of inorganic fertilizer containing elements N, P and K to the fly ash after saturated absorption of NH3-N so as to produce an organic fertilizer. The comprehensive utilization and disposal method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that the mixed garbage is sorted and then respectively prepared into profile mixable composite material products, the automotive CNG (compressed natural gas), photosynthetic fertilizers for the greenhouse vegetable, agricultural organic fertilizers and other products, thus being economical and environmentally-friendly.

Description

Domestic waste comprehensive utilization and processing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of environmental sanitation technical field, refer to especially domestic waste comprehensive utilization and processing method.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of urbanization process, the processing of domestic waste has become the difficult problem that each city of restriction promotes image and sustainable development.At present, the waste disposal method of domestic routine mainly contains: landfill method, composting process and burning method.The defect of the whole bag of tricks is all more obvious, for example: landfill method exists contaminated environment, takies the defect of a large amount of land resources, and applied value reduces gradually; The composting process of composting process is difficult to control, larger to the secondary pollution risk in bad border, incomplete to organic utilization, fertilizer complicated, and the factor such as minimizing is less, will progressively be eliminated; Combustible content >=5% in the slag of burning method, hot burn decrement rate >=3% of slag, operation processing cost is high, and the tail gas of discharge is difficult for up to standard, and the violent in toxicity dioxin emission amount especially containing in tail gas is not up to standard for a long time, has seriously hindered technical development.
The reason that causes above-mentioned situation is determined by the feature of Municipal Solid Waste in China composition.Be subject to the impact of consumption habit and environmental consciousness, the rubbish of external most of developed countries is thrown in and collection method is classification reception, entering rubbish before incineration plant by good classification, and the kitchen in rubbish is remaining and hogwash class amount of substance is less, moisture and putrescible matter are lower, packed standard, is to burn to utilize and has created good condition.And in China, the collection method of rubbish is traditional mixing and receives, kitchen content remaining and hogwash class material in rubbish is higher, moisture and putrescible matter are higher, packed also lack of standardization, raw refuse is almost " bag in bag " form and throws in, and in bag, material composition complexity cannot be classified, in industry, this class rubbish of common name is " high humidity composting ", and this class composting possesses following characteristic:
1, calorific value is low: the design refuse thermal value of common incinerator is more than 1200kcal/kg, and now the domestic waste of China is not classify to mix and receives, and kitchen is remaining, the content of dregs etc. is up to more than 60%, so its calorific value is difficult to reach design load.
2, moisture is high: due to more than the kitchen in rubbish, the moisture of the fresh body of plant etc. is all more than 65%, so under normal circumstances, the moisture in the domestic waste of China is all more than 50%, at plum rain season or its limit moisture of rainy day up to more than 70%.
3, packed reception lack of standardization, rubbish form, calorific value are inhomogeneous: the house refuse of domestic city is almost the packed reception of not classifying, and the component of rubbish is very complicated, and all gap is larger for its physical aspect, calorific value, distribution space, chemical form etc.
Adopt garbage organism to produce the usual way that biogas is garbage disposal and recycling, the technique of existing sharp rubbish producing methane mainly contains: the organic natural pond processed technique of high temperature modification rubbish and the organic natural pond processed of low form rubbish technique.
Wherein, the organic natural pond processed of high temperature modification rubbish technique is the organic natural pond processed of the domestic rubbish generally adopting technique, and its Typical Representative is: Beijing Fresnel Science and Technology Ltd. rubbish natural pond processed electrification technique as well as, Shenzhen general new science and technology Co., Ltd " the full resource environmental project of zero-emission " technique.The feature of this technique is: take biogas as tie, make full use of solar energy, generating waste-heat homenergic and realize the hot fermentation of biogas, make rubbish and excrement dirt become biogas energy, compound organic fertilizer and non-burning brick product, its Link role is the compound organic fertilizer that agricultural production security grain, pollution-free food (vegetables, fruit) etc. provide high-quality.The resource target of the organic natural pond processed of high temperature modification rubbish technique is that power generation and heat supply after employing anaerobic fermentation production biogas, marsh gas purifying, biogas residue liquid are made fertilizer, unnecessary natural pond slag burn (with can) or dehydration after directly do that natural pond is fertile sells, unnecessary natural pond liquid is used for diluting ight soil or processes rear qualified discharge by BBR system ".The concrete implementing process flow process of the organic natural pond processed of high temperature modification rubbish technique as shown in Figure 1.
Yet there are the following problems for the organic natural pond processed of high temperature modification rubbish technique:
1 ,-refuse classification is incomplete, affects sweat.Because Chinese component of refuse mixes, receive, its sorting is to be manually aided with the formal operations of screening, and its sorting index, randomness are all higher.A large amount of waste plastics sheets, hard fibre element (wood class) is place to go completely not all, floats on during the fermentation fermentation slip top, forms serious " crust ", and affect biogas and separate out, acceleration natural pond liquid acidifying, COD conversion ratio is lower.
2, the unreasonable structure of marsh gas reactor (methane-generating pit).Owing to adopting static fermentation technique, except solving " crust " phenomenon, also exist fermentation period long, fermentation lack of homogeneity problem, cannot realize low temperature Rapid Fermentation.Can only rely on solar energy and generating waste-heat to ferment and heat processing, promote reaction, increase investment and operating cost.
3, the recycling level of biogas product is low.Biogas product utilization resource level is low, and resource recycling means and the output products of its vapour, three products of solid, liquid are single, has reduced the operation benefits of project.
Due to the existing many weakness of the organic natural pond processed technique of above-mentioned high temperature modification rubbish, biogas research institute of the Ministry of Agriculture, according to self abundant biogas fermentation experience, the efficient anaerobic microorganism fungus kind of cultivating that adopts Chinese Academy of Sciences's Chengdu biology to study.Successfully developed the organic natural pond processed of low form rubbish technique, its technological process as shown in Figure 2.And the main technological features of the organic natural pond processed of low form rubbish technique is: adopt CSTER full-mixing type fermentation system, realized the low temperature fast degradation of marsh gas fermenting system, effectively improved the yield of the COD of unit biogas, reduce floor space.This technology is widely used at home and abroad.
Yet also there are the following problems for the organic natural pond processed of low form rubbish technique:
1, there is no complete refuse classification technique.In this technique, adopt manual sort's form, in China present stage, cannot realize, must have mechanization, automation installation to carry out pretreatment, can ensure homogeneity, the stability of the material that enters treatment system.
2, there is no complete waste classification substances recycling measure.Plastics, dry goods and hardwood class material in China's rubbish account for the more than 20% of rubbish total amount, and this type of material does not have good recovery measure, will cause the great wasting of resources and cause certain secondary pollution.
3, the degree of depth recycling of Fermentation Products from Biogas Generator.Due to bulky refuse recycling treatment Facilities Construction belong to economically developed surrounding region of city, the level of urbanization is high, agricultural and people in the countryside are relatively less.So the efficient increment utilization of Fermentation Products from Biogas Generator is the essential condition of the long-term operation of guarantee project.
Summary of the invention
Embodiment of the present invention technical problem to be solved is, a kind of domestic waste comprehensive utilization and processing method are provided, and effectively to process domestic waste, and carries out effective recycling treatment and utilization.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides following technical scheme: a kind of domestic waste comprehensive utilization and processing method, it comprises the steps:
Refuse classification step, domestic waste, on the basis of artificial separation, carry out after Fully-mechanized effective fragmentation stopping, then with screening installation, composting is divided and elected as: metal straight connects regenerant class, landfill material class, anaerobic digester system natural pond class, moulds woodwork raw material class;
Appearance, for wood products forming step, is broken into powder raw material by the sorted out woodwork raw meal of moulding, then powder raw material is sent into and moulded wooden thermal vacuum forming machine and carry out vacuum compression molding;
Natural pond processed step, adopts full-mixing type fermentation system technique, and the full-mixing type anaerobic fermentation vat of usining is prepared biogas as main reactor;
Marsh gas purifying and utilize step, under catalyst condition, adopt absorbent solution, utilize acid-base neutralization reaction, acidic materials in absorption biogas and Ammonia gas soluble in water, the biogas purifying is used as motor vehicle fuel CNG gas after second dehydration and compression processing, and the absorbent solution that has absorbed impurity and Ammonia gas is heated to 60 ~ 70 ℃ with steam, absorbed carbon dioxide is separated out and also carbon dioxide is used as to the required light fertilizer of planting vegetable in greenhouse after the compression of further purifying, and surplus solution remove after filtration adjust again after precipitation of calcium carbonate pH value to after preset range for recycling,
Natural pond liquid treatment step, behind natural pond processed, remaining natural pond liquid is after aerobic treatment, and the flyash of usining through activation processing, as adsorbent, carries out pretreatment absorption NH to natural pond liquid 3-N, saturated adsorption NH 3flyash after-N is as the nitrogenous source in fertilizer raw material;
Natural pond slag utilizes step, by saturated adsorption NH 3the flyash of-N, adds all natural pond slags, and allocates inorganic N, P, the K element fertilizer of predetermined amount into, produces organic fertilizer product.
Further, above marsh gas purifying and utilizing in step, the catalyst adopting is alundum (Al2O3) or magnesia, absorbent solution is the aqua calcis to 8 ~ 9 by pH value allotment.
Further, the content of N, P, K three elements accounts for the 20%-30% of gross weight.
Further, at marsh gas purifying and in utilizing step, make processing that carbon dioxide separates out and natural pond slag need to use thermal source in the production process of fertilizer in utilizing step, and the thermal source that adopts is made the burning of the biogas that natural pond step produces by oneself.
Further, the water source that refuse classification step adopts is natural pond liquid or the sanitary sewage of dissolving and processing.
By adopting technique scheme, the present invention at least has following beneficial effect: the present invention is by carrying out after effective fragmentation domestic waste, adopt several different methods integrated application, composting is categorized as to available industry or agricultural raw material, by these feedstock conversion, be the corresponding products such as appearance substitute materials for wood, vapour vehicle CNG gas, booth vegetable light fertilizer, agricultural organic fertilizer product again, data utilization rate is high, and environmental protection and economy, has significant environmental benefit and economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process chart of the organic natural pond processed of existing high temperature modification rubbish technique.
Fig. 2 is the process chart of the organic natural pond processed of existing low form rubbish technique.
Fig. 3 is the process chart of domestic waste comprehensive utilization of the present invention and processing method.
The specific embodiment
Please refer to the flow chart of the one embodiment of the present of invention shown in Fig. 3, the invention provides a kind of domestic waste comprehensive utilization and processing method, it comprises the steps:
Refuse classification step, domestic waste, on the basis of artificial separation, carry out after Fully-mechanized effective fragmentation stopping, with screening installation, composting is divided and elected as again: metal straight connects regenerant class, landfill material class, anaerobic digester system natural pond class, moulds woodwork raw material class, metal straight wherein connects regenerant class and can directly recycle, landfill material class is delivered to landfill yard and is carried out landfill disposal, anaerobic digester system natural pond class is for follow-up natural pond processed step, mould woodwork raw material class for follow-up appearance for wood products forming step;
Appearance is for wood products forming step, the sorted out woodwork raw meal of moulding is broken into powder raw material, again powder raw material is sent into and moulded wooden thermal vacuum forming machine and carry out vacuum compression molding, what adopt moulds the thermoforming unit that wooden thermal vacuum forming machine is a kind of Almightiness type, take vacuum forming as main, the moulding of double energy pneumatics, compression molding and comprehensive shaping, can process nearly all thermoforming plastic sheet material;
Natural pond processed step, adopt full-mixing type fermentation system technique, adopt full-mixing type anaerobic fermentation vat to prepare biogas as main reactor, because being all " pulpous state " after fermentation raw material pretreatment, mobility and uniformity are all good, meet the ingredient requirement of full-mixing type anaerobic fermentation technique completely, therefore select full-mixing type anaerobic pond as the main reactor of biogas reaction, thereby factor of created gase, minimizing fermentation time, the reduction reaction temperature that can improve biogas, have the unrivaled advance of other techniques;
Marsh gas purifying and utilize step, under catalyst condition, adopt absorbent solution, utilize acid-base neutralization reaction, acidic materials in absorption biogas and Ammonia gas soluble in water, the biogas purifying is used as motor vehicle fuel CNG gas after second dehydration and compression processing, and the absorbent solution that has absorbed impurity and Ammonia gas is heated to 60 ~ 70 ℃ with steam, absorbed carbon dioxide is separated out and also carbon dioxide is used as to the required light fertilizer of planting vegetable in greenhouse after the compression of further purifying, and surplus solution remove after filtration adjust again after precipitation of calcium carbonate pH value to after preset range for recycling, in this step, the catalyst adopting is preferably alundum (Al2O3) or magnesia, absorbent solution preferred pH value is allocated the aqua calcis to 8 ~ 9,
Natural pond liquid treatment step, behind natural pond processed, remaining natural pond liquid is after aerobic treatment, and the flyash of usining through activation processing, as adsorbent, carries out pretreatment to natural pond liquid, through absorption NH 3the saturated flyash of-N is as the nitrogenous source in fertilizer raw material, because natural pond liquid is after aerobic treatment, and NH wherein 3the removal of-N and CODCr becomes the decision condition of sewage later use, and the flyash of usining through activation processing, as adsorbent, carries out pretreatment to natural pond liquid, has good effect, and industrial result of trial operation shows, through the flyash of modification to the CODCr of natural pond liquid, NH 3-N has good removal ability, CODCr clearance at least 72%, and NH 3-N clearance surpasses 83%, and index is lower than the highest permission concentration of emission of pollutant of regulation in integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB8978-1996);
Natural pond slag utilizes step, from absorbing NH 3the flyash of-N gained, adds all natural pond slags, is aided with inorganic N, P, the K element fertilizer of allocating predetermined amount into, produce organic fertilizer product, N, P, tri-kinds of constituent contents of K account for the 20%-30% of gross weight, particularly, are to carry out proportioning according to the standard recipe ratio of Different Crop fertilizer special for organic.
Above in each step, at marsh gas purifying and in utilizing step, make processing that carbon dioxide separates out and natural pond slag need to use thermal source in the production process of fertilizer in utilizing step, and the thermal source that adopts is made the burning of the biogas that natural pond step produces by oneself.And the water source that refuse classification step adopts is natural pond liquid or the sanitary sewage of dissolving and processing.
By adopting method of the present invention, the 100 tons of rubbish scales of day processing of take are example, can draw roughly following enforcement effect:
Garbage disposal ability: 100 tons/day;
The supporting sewage utilization of dissolving: 200 tons/day;
Reclaim and hold for wood products: 20 ~ 30 tons/day (according to region, changing);
Reclaim metal species: 3 ~ 5 tons/day (according to region, changing);
Produce vehicle CNG gas: 10 ~ 15 tons/day (according to region, changing);
Produce booth vegetable light fertile: 10 ~ 15 tons/day;
The agricultural organic fertilizer product of remanufacture: 50 tons/day (need join inorganic elements fertilizer);
15 tons/day of landfill material total amount after integrated treatment: <.
From the above, the inventive method implementation result is remarkable, has good environmental benefit and economic benefit.

Claims (5)

1. domestic waste comprehensive utilization and a processing method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Refuse classification step, domestic waste, on the basis of artificial separation, carry out after Fully-mechanized effective fragmentation stopping, then with screening installation, composting is divided and elected as: metal straight connects regenerant class, landfill material class, anaerobic digester system natural pond class, moulds woodwork raw material class;
Appearance, for wood products forming step, is broken into powder raw material by the sorted out woodwork raw meal of moulding, then powder raw material is sent into and moulded wooden thermal vacuum forming machine and carry out vacuum compression molding;
Natural pond processed step, adopts full-mixing type fermentation system technique, and the full-mixing type anaerobic fermentation vat of usining is prepared biogas as main reactor;
Marsh gas purifying and utilize step, under catalyst condition, adopt absorbent solution, utilize acid-base neutralization reaction, acidic materials in absorption biogas and Ammonia gas soluble in water, the biogas purifying is used as motor vehicle fuel CNG gas after second dehydration and compression processing, and the absorbent solution that has absorbed impurity and Ammonia gas is heated to 60 ~ 70 ℃ with steam, absorbed carbon dioxide is separated out and also carbon dioxide is used as to the required light fertilizer of planting vegetable in greenhouse after the compression of further purifying, and surplus solution remove after filtration adjust again after precipitation of calcium carbonate pH value to after preset range for recycling,
Natural pond liquid treatment step, behind natural pond processed, remaining natural pond liquid is after aerobic treatment, and the flyash of usining through activation processing, as adsorbent, carries out pretreatment absorption NH to natural pond liquid 3-N, saturated adsorption NH 3flyash after-N is as the nitrogenous source in fertilizer raw material;
Natural pond slag utilizes step, by saturated adsorption NH 3the flyash of-N, adds all natural pond slags, and allocates inorganic N, P, the K element fertilizer of predetermined amount into, produces organic fertilizer product.
2. domestic waste as claimed in claim 1 fully utilizes and processing method, it is characterized in that, above marsh gas purifying and utilizing in step, the catalyst adopting is alundum (Al2O3) or magnesia, absorbent solution is the aqua calcis to 8 ~ 9 by pH value allotment.
3. domestic waste comprehensive utilization as claimed in claim 1 and processing method, is characterized in that, the content of N, P, K three elements accounts for 20% ~ 30% of gross weight.
4. domestic waste as claimed in claim 1 fully utilizes and processing method, it is characterized in that, at marsh gas purifying and in utilizing step, make processing that carbon dioxide separates out and natural pond slag need to use thermal source in the production process of fertilizer in utilizing step, and the thermal source that adopts is made the burning of the biogas that natural pond step produces by oneself.
5. domestic waste as claimed in claim 1 comprehensive utilization and processing method, is characterized in that, the water source that refuse classification step adopts is natural pond liquid or the sanitary sewage of dissolving and processing.
CN201110248173.1A 2011-08-24 2011-08-24 Comprehensive utilization and disposal method of urban domestic garbage Expired - Fee Related CN102441555B (en)

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CN102765996B (en) * 2012-08-21 2014-03-26 四川理工学院 Method of recycling ammonia nitrogen in biogas slurry
CN102924152B (en) * 2012-11-09 2014-08-20 江西昌丰由由生物科技有限公司 Method for recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from biogas slurry
CN103302083A (en) * 2013-06-28 2013-09-18 宁夏新航能源环境科技有限公司 Comprehensive treatment method for household garbage
CN104928324A (en) * 2014-03-23 2015-09-23 吕宏涛 Household garbage and corn stalk biological treatment method
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