JP3926549B2 - Garbage disposal method - Google Patents

Description

【００５５】
表１において、日数の欄は運転開始日からの経過日数を示し、数字が飛んでいるのは休日を意味している。この休日の間は、生ゴミや醗酵助材の投入はないが、装置の運転は自動運転により継続されている。又、発酵槽内温度は、該発酵槽の前部（生ゴミ投入口寄り）と略中央部及び後部（排出口寄り）の温度を、生ゴミの投入直前に棒状温度計を挿入して測定したものである。尚、運転初日の発酵槽内温度は、外気温と同じ２８℃である。この槽内温度が上がれば醗酵反応が生じている事を意味し、最も温度が高い部分で最も醗酵反応が進行している事を意味している。
【００５６】
表１から明らかな通り、運転初日から７日間は、初期に投入した多量の醗酵助材が存在するので、生ゴミのみの投入を行っている。生ゴミ投入後２日目から醗酵槽内の温度は明らかに外気温度以上の高温になっており、発酵反応による温度上昇が生じている事が分かる。３日目には槽内中央温度が５７℃にも達し、以後は順調な発酵反応が進行している事が認められる。この事から本発明に係る醗酵助材を用いれば、装置を速やかに立ち上げる事ができ、速やかな生ゴミ処理が進行する事が分かる。尚、槽内温度の前部が相対的に低いのは、生ゴミ投入口近傍であり、反応が充分進行していない事を意味している。従って前記醗酵槽の回転頻度を高めて充分攪拌すれば温度上昇も認められるが、この場合には、排出口近傍にまで投入直後の生ゴミが分散し、排出物中に生ゴミがそのまま含まれる場合も生じるので、この前部温度が最も低温となる様な温度分布が好ましい運転条件と言える。
【００５７】
処理開始後１５日目から発酵残渣の排出が認められた。この排出物は、生ゴミの醗酵残渣と醗酵助材の残渣の合計量である。この排出物の殆どは醗酵助材の分解残渣であったので、この全量を生ゴミと共に再度発酵槽内に投入して発酵処理を継続した。又、排出物中の醗酵助材は、生ゴミ中の水分を吸水して当初よりも膨潤していた。この事は、排出物中には、醗酵助材や生ゴミの未分解物や分解残渣と共に、生ゴミ中の水分も多量に含有されている事を意味している。尚、醗酵残渣中には、魚骨も原型を留めておらず、魚骨までも分解されており、キャベツの芯の部分も全く見当たらなかった。
【００５８】
装置運転中は、多少の臭気はあるが腐蝕臭ではなく、不快感はないが、前記処理装置の排気ダクトのライン中に配置した活性炭による除臭を行った結果、臭気は殆ど除去されていた。又、処理中に醗酵槽内の被処理体混合物を手に取って見たが、全体的に湿気を帯びているものの手に付着する事はなく、手で強く握って塊状体を作ってみたが、粒子間の付着力は極めて弱く、手を離すと直ぐにばらばらに分散してしまった。この事は、醗酵助材が、生ゴミ中の水分を吸収して生ゴミに適度の乾き度を与えると共に、生ゴミ粒子の凝集をも防止している事が分かる。
【００５９】
【実施例１】
生ゴミとして、青果市場から排出される生ゴミを想定し、主として野菜屑と果物屑とからなる生ゴミを用い、該生ゴミの全てをスクリュー式粉砕装置に供給して粉砕処理した後に醗酵装置に供給する様にした。一方、醗酵助材としては、剪定枝と共に工場内で発生した木箱の廃材とを、約半分ずつ混ぜ合わせた粉砕物を使用した。尚、醗酵装置の運転に先立ち、剪定枝と木箱廃材との粉砕物を地面に山積みして１日放置したもの（土中の好気性醗酵菌が付着したもの）を、参考例１の場合と同様に、醗酵槽内に約３５０l投入した。その他の醗酵装置の運転条件（回転条件，通風排気条件）は、参考例１と同一条件で試験を行った。この試験結果を表２に示す。
【００６０】
【表２】

【００６１】
表２から明らかな通り、表１に示した参考例１の場合に比べ、運転開始２日目から内部温度は高くなっており、これは、生ゴミを事前にスクリュー式粉砕装置によって粉砕処理して醗酵し易い状態にした事と、予め醗酵槽内に投入した醗酵助材が、地表面に１日放置されて地中の醗酵菌が付着したものを用いている事に起因するものと考えられる。因みに、スクリュー式粉砕装置で粉砕した木質粉砕物を地面に山積みにして放置しておくと、自然醗酵が進行して３日目には内部温度が６０℃近くにまで上昇する事から、粉砕物の地面への山積みは、土中醗酵菌による粉砕物の醗酵促進に効果があるものと考えられている。
【００６２】
処理開始後１５日目から発酵残渣の排出が認められた。この排出物の殆どは参考例１と同様に醗酵助材の分解残渣であったので、この全量を生ゴミと共に再度発酵槽内に投入して発酵処理を継続した。又、排出物中の醗酵助材も参考例１と同様に生ゴミ中の水分を吸水して当初よりも膨潤していた。又、運転中の臭気は殆ど感じられず、醗酵槽内の被処理体混合物も、全体的に湿気を帯びているものの手に付着する事はなく、参考例１の場合と同様に適度の乾き度を有していた。
【００６３】
次に、比較例とし、生ゴミの醗酵処理用に水分調整材として添加される代表的な材料であるオガ屑を用いた場合について説明する。
【００６４】
【比較例１】
廃木質材を粉砕してなる醗酵助材に代えて、「オガ屑」を使用する以外は、上記参考例と同一の条件で醗酵装置を運転して処理を行った。運転初期は順調な好気性醗酵が進行していたが、途中から腐臭が発生し始めたので、装置内の内容物を観察したところ、全体的にベタ付いており、生ゴミ内への空気の流通が不十分（嫌気性醗酵に移行）と判断した。そこで、攪拌しながらオガ屑を投入し、ベタ付きが解消する程度まで大量投入して参考例１と同様の運転を継続したところ、暫くして再び好気性醗酵に戻った。しかし、この状態も長続きせず、再度腐臭が発生し始めたので、再び同様にオガクズの大量投入を行って好気性醗酵に復元させたが、暫くして再び腐臭の発生が生じた。この「腐臭発生」→「オガ屑大量投入」→「好気性醗酵に復元」→「腐臭発生」の繰り返しを数回行って、比較試験運転を終了した。因みに排出された醗酵残渣には、キャベツの芯，大根や人参の切れ端は殆ど原形のままで残っており、御飯の一部も団子状になって排出されていた。又、順調に好気性醗酵が行われている過程で、醗酵槽内の原料混合物を手に取って見たが、実施例１，参考例１の場合の様な、サラサラ感はなく、湿っぽい状態で、手に少量付着するのは避けられなかった。更に、手で強く握りしめて塊状にしたところ、手を放してもその状態が維持され、生ゴミ粒子が凝集し易い事が判明した。
【００６５】
因みに、上記腐臭が発生している状態における醗酵槽内容物の水分量を測定したところ、約６０重量％であって、この値は、前記実施例１及び参考例１における好気性醗酵が順調に行われている状態での水分量と大差はなかった。この事は、全水分量が同一であっても醗酵助材の吸水率の違いにより、生ゴミ中の水分の醗酵助材への移行量に大きな差異がある、その結果が、好気性醗酵の継続の有無に現れているものと考えられる。
【００６６】
以上の実施例及び比較例から明らかな様に、本発明の方法においては、一切の市販されている好気性バクテリアの類を添加する事なく、良好な好気性醗酵が行われている。この事実は、廃木質材や生ゴミに付着している好気性醗酵菌や空気中に存在する好気性醗酵菌が送風によって醗酵槽内に導入されて、生ゴミを自然醗酵させたものと考えられる。この事は、同一条件にて実施したオガ屑でも、当初は好気性醗酵が生じている事実からも、生ゴミやオガ屑自体に付着している好気性醗酵菌や送風した空気中に存在している好気性醗酵菌も生ゴミに作用して醗酵分解を生じさせる事が理解される。
【００６７】
以上の通り、本発明は、生ゴミと廃木質材をスクリュー式粉砕装置で粉砕処理して得られた両粉砕物を用いる点に最大の特徴を有するものであって、実際の運用に当たっては、上記した事項に限られず、種々の変形対応が可能である事は言うまでもない。又、適用される生ゴミについても、給食センター，ホテル．レストラン或いはスーパーマーケットの厨房から排出される生ゴミは勿論、青果市場や魚市場等から排出される生ゴミにも適用可能である。特に、実施例1において示した様に、青果市場から排出される生ゴミは、野菜屑や果物屑が主体であり、比較的均質な生ゴミであるので、醗酵装置の運転要領も略一定の条件で運転する事が可能となるばかりでなく、該市場で発生するパレット廃材，木箱廃材をも同時に処理する事が可能となる。
【００６８】
又、参考例１からも理解される様に、魚肉や魚のアラ等の肉類も完全に醗酵消化することが可能であるので、魚市場から排出される生ゴミを同市場に発生する木箱廃材やパレット廃材を用いて処理する事も可能である。
【００６９】
【発明の効果】
以上説明した通り、本発明によると、廃木質材をスクリュー式粉砕装置によって粉砕処理する事によって得られた、吸水性を高められた粉砕物を醗酵助材として使用し、これを、同様にスクリュー式粉砕装置によって粉砕処理された生ゴミ粉砕物に混合するだけで生ゴミの好気性醗酵を生じさせる事ができるので、従来一般に使用されている特別な好気性バクテリアの添加が不要となる。従って、生ゴミ処理に要する費用が大幅に軽減される事になる。
【００７０】
又、醗酵槽から排出される排出物の量は、投入総原料の１０％以下であり、しかも、この排出物の殆どは、吸湿して重量が増加した前記醗酵助材であって、これらは、いずれは分解消滅する可能性を有しているものであるから、再度醗酵槽内に投入する事も可能であるので、生ゴミの完全消滅に限り無く近づける事が期待できる。
【００７１】
又、排出物は、生ゴミの醗酵残渣と天然物である木質材からなる醗酵助材の残渣であるから、そのまま全量を有機肥料として使用する事も可能である。特に、焼却処理しか処理方法のなかった各種廃木質材も、生ゴミ処理のための醗酵助材として有効に活用できるのみならず、生ゴミの醗酵処理過程で醗酵分解が進行しているので、これら醗酵助材を主体とする醗酵残渣も肥料として畑に散布する事ができ、しかも畑に撒布した後の分解も極めて速く進行し、有効な肥料としての利用も可能となる点で一石二鳥の効果がある。
【００７２】
更に、特別な好気性バクテリアを使用していないので、醗酵残渣を肥料とする場合においても、該好気性バクテリアの畑や農作物に対する安全性を論ずる必要がなく、一般農家においても抵抗なく受け入れ易い利点を有している。
【００７３】
又、特別な好気性バクテリアを使用する場合には、そのバクテリアに最適な環境でなければならず、生ゴミの種類や地域環境による特性が問題となる場合が多く、装置の運転条件に柔軟性を欠く場合が多いが、本発明では、その環境に存在する各種好気性醗酵菌を用いるものであるから、これら各種分解菌は、本来的にその地域の環境に適したものであるので、処理装置の運転条件は極めて柔軟となり、特殊な専門家や特殊な運転条件を必要としない点は、汎用性が要求されるこの種装置においては大きなメリットである。この点は、前記実施例１，参考例１において、装置の運転条件として醗酵槽の回転速度と送風速度を設定しただけで、投入する生ゴミには何らの改変も加えずそのまま投入し、単に、投入する醗酵助材の量を被処理体混合物の水分量に応じて適宜調整するのみである事からも容易に理解されるであろう。
【００７４】
従来一般的にバクテリアの菌床として使用されているオガ屑では、順調に好気性醗酵していても、その継続維持が困難であり、常時監視が必要であったが、本発明においては、醗酵助材の吸水性により生ゴミの水分が吸収されると共に、生ゴミに適度の乾き度を与え、且つ、生ゴミ粒子の凝集を防止して生ゴミ粒子間に適度の通気度を確保する事が自然に行われるので、装置の運転管理が極めて容易となり、夜間の無人運転を含めて省力化も可能となり、係る生ゴミ処理装置の導入を容易にする顕著な効果も期待される。
【００７５】
又、廃棄物である生ゴミを、同様に廃棄物である廃木質材を用いて処理するものであるから、これらの廃棄物が同時に多量に発生する青果市場や魚市場等に本発明を適用すれば、廃棄物の外部への搬出がなくなるのみならず、特に廃木質材については外部からの搬入も可能となり、加えて、排出されるものは、少量となり、且つ肥料として有用なものとなるので、ゴミ処理に費用を費やしていたこれら市場におけるゴミ処理問題を一挙に解決する事が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明に使用する生ゴミ処理装置の一例を示す要部断面図である。
【図２】 図１のスクリュー式粉砕装置の要部断面図である。
【図３】 図２のイ−イ断面図である。
【図４】 図３の要部拡大概念図であり、スクリュー式粉砕装置における破砕，粉砕工程を示す概念図である。
【図５】 図１の醗酵槽内の状態を示す原料投入側から見た要部概念図である。
【図６】 図１の醗酵槽内の状態を示す醗酵残渣排出側から見た要部概念図である。
【図７】 図１の装置の運転条件の一例を示すタイムチャートであり、（Ａ）は、醗酵槽の間欠回転のタイムチャート、（Ｂ）は、強制排気の排気量の変化を示すタイムチャートである。
【符号の説明】
Ａ 醗酵装置
Ｂ スクリュー式粉砕装置
１ 醗酵槽
１ａ 醗酵槽回転ドラム
２ 被処理体（原料）投入ホッパ
３ 残渣排出ダクト
４ ハウジング
５ａ 被処理体（原料）投入用開口
６ａ 醗酵残渣排出用開口
７ 給気口
８ 排気口
９ 排気ダクト
１０ 排気ファン
１５ 回転軸
１６ 攪拌翼
１７ 支持ローラ
４１ シリンダー
４２ スクリュー
４３ 剪断刃部材
４４ トップカバー
４５ カッター
４７ 小孔
５０ 抵抗棒
５１ 水供給部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention is a method for treating garbage.Law,Especially, the way to decompose garbage with aerobic fermenter that exists in natureTo the lawIt is related.
[0002]
[Prior art]
  Raw garbage is made up of cooking residues and leftovers of foods such as vegetable scraps, seafood, and unnecessary parts of meat, and is inevitably discharged from every place where people live, as well as at home. The amount is increasing year by year. In addition, when garbage is left untreated, it rots and generates a foul odor, and also has a sanitary problem. Therefore, in many cases, it is generally collected by a public organization.
[0003]
  Generally, these garbage are disposed of by incineration as general municipal waste together with paper and flammable plastics. However, since such waste is rich in moisture, it is put into a combustion furnace maintained at a high temperature with a heavy oil burner. The incineration method is the normal method. However, simply burning heavy oil to incinerate garbage was a problematic treatment from the viewpoint of effective utilization of resources. There is also a method used for landfilling, but there is a serious environmental problem, and it is no longer recognized as an effective treatment method.
[0004]
  In addition, in the fruit and vegetable market, a large amount of vegetable waste, fruit waste, etc., as well as waste of wooden boxes that have been transported these and waste of pallets used for transport within the market, In the fish market, waste materials such as wooden boxes and pallets are generated along with raw garbage mainly composed of seafood residues. These garbage and waste materials are all incinerated or landfilled.
[0005]
  Thus, with the recent increase in awareness of environmental problems, various measures for recycling such garbage are proposed and already partly put into practical use. A typical example is a method of adding specific microorganisms or decomposing them by the action of microorganisms existing in nature and composting them. However, in these methods, the volume reduction rate is small and it takes a long time for composting, and the compost generated with the spread increases, especially in urban areas, disposal of the generated compost itself. Has arisen as the next problem.
[0006]
  Therefore, various extinguishing treatment methods have been proposed in which raw garbage is decomposed by aerobic fermentation and basically disappeared. As described in JP-A-10-225673 and JP-A-9-192828, this method is used together with “base material such as sawdust and rice husk” as a microbial implantation material in organic waste. This is a system in which aerobic bacteria are added, mixed and stirred, and subjected to aerobic fermentation.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  In the conventional method, first, the method of composting is a useful method as a way of recycling, but as described above, there is a problem that the demand for the generated compost is small and the processing cannot be divided in urban areas, In addition, the extinguishing treatment method by aerobic fermentation is a method that uses different specific bacteria for each method, so that the range of conditions that can be treated is generally narrow and greatly influenced by the characteristics of the garbage and the treatment environment. There is a strong tendency to be influenced. In particular, once anaerobic fermentation occurs due to aerobic fermentation failure, not only does it generate odor, but it also takes a long time to restore and stabilize the original aerobic fermentation. Is present.
[0008]
  In addition, annihilation type treatment and dredging residues are always generated, but in order to use these residues as compost, it is not always easy to obtain the consent of general farmers from the viewpoint of the safety of the bacteria used. There is also.
[0009]
  Further, in the conventional method, for example, according to the method described in JP-A No. 10-21482, 1000 to 5000 parts by weight of the composition for treating garbage must be added to 100 parts by weight of garbage. There was also an irrational aspect that the treatment material added to this was tens of times more than the raw garbage to be treated.
[0010]
  Furthermore, the bacteria for aerobic fermentation had to be purchased continuously from specialists, which was a burden that could not be ignored in terms of processing costs.
[0011]
  Therefore, in view of such problems, the present invention does not require the purchase of specific bacteria for aerobic fermentation, and stable aerobic fermentation is possible only by adding a small amount of additive to raw garbage. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a low-cost and safe processing method with a low operating cost of the device and a device used for the processing method.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  The present invention has been made based on this viewpoint, and its features are as follows:
In the raw garbage processing method of adding fermentation aids to raw garbage and fermenting raw garbage in an aerobic atmosphere, at least one kind of waste wood material such as pruned branches, wooden box waste, pallet waste, building waste wood, etc. Crushing by crushing and crushing while pressing and crushing and crushing with a screw type crusherAnd destroys plant fiber to increase water absorptionCrushed woodForming thisAs a fermentation aid,The raw garbage is pulverized by the screw-type pulverizer to obtain a pulverized raw garbage, and the pulverized raw garbage and the fermentation aidIn a fermenter equipped with stirring meansintermittentWhile stirring and mixing, the garbage in an aerobic atmosphere while aerated in the fermentation tankCrushed materialIt is a garbage disposal method characterized by decomposing. According to this method, it is possible to treat garbage using waste wood such as pruned branches, wooden box waste, pallet waste, building waste wood, etc., so a large amount of agricultural and marine products such as fruit and vegetable markets and fish markets There is an advantage that the garbage that is generated and sold in the market can be processed together with the waste wood material that is generated in the market.
[0013]
  The garbageBeforeTo be fed into the fermenter after being fed to the screw-type crusher and pulverizedBecauseUneven-sized garbage is crushed into small, nearly uniform sizes.AndThe speed of aerobic fermentation is increased and the possibility of anaerobic fermentation (the possibility of spoilage) is reduced.The or,The waste wood material is pulverized by the screw-type pulverizer.CrushingAt the same timeBecauseReasonable way. In addition, the fermentation residue which remains slightly can also be used as an organic fertilizer.
[0014]
[0015]
[0016]
  Further, the stirring of the mixture in the fermenter is not limited to continuous stirring but may be performed only intermittently, which makes it possible to greatly reduce the operating cost of the apparatus. At the same time, it is effective in maintaining an aerobic environment in combination with forced aeration in the fermentation tank.
[0017]
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. First, to explain the basic idea of the present invention, in the present invention, when the garbage is decomposed by aerobic fermentation, it is fermented without using various bacteria commercially available as aerobic fermentation bacteria. Moisture used for aerobic fermentation treatment of garbage with the first basic idea of using various aerobic fermentation bacteria (attached to the object to be treated) present in the treatment environment as aerobic fermentation bacteria The point of using wood-based waste as a fermentation aid as a conditioner and fermentation fungus flooring is the second basic concept, and by this, waste and waste are combined and processed. It has a great feature in that the portion disappears.
[0019]
  First, the first basic idea will be described. The aerobic fermentation bacteria used in the present invention are a group of bacteria that inhabit the area and are suitable for the environment in the natural world. It is fundamentally different from degrading bacteria. In other words, since bacteria and cocoons are also living organisms, it is best to leave the garbage generated in the area to a fermentation process suitable for the local environment (climate, climate), and the culture is artificially cultivated. A fermentative bacterium is based on the idea that even if it is effective in a specific environment, it is not necessarily effective in other environments, and a fermentative bacterium that is suitable for the region is used effectively. In other words, the present invention treats garbage by providing an environment in which the fermenting bacteria can easily act, thereby allowing innumerable fermentation bacteria existing at the processing site to act.
[0020]
  Next, the second basic idea will be explained. Water content adjustment is an important element in the aerobic fermentation treatment of raw garbage. If there is too much water, the aerobic environment is lost and anaerobic fermentation occurs. Is generated. In order to maintain an aerobic environment, various proposals have been conventionally made. As a typical method, there is a method of adjusting moisture by adding and mixing “scraps” to raw garbage. Since wood itself has relatively high hygroscopicity, sawdust, a kind of wood powder, is generally excellent in hygroscopicity and is considered to be effective as a moisture adjusting material. However, in actual use, sawdust reaches the limit of water absorption capacity at a relatively early time, and thus requires a large amount of sawdust. However, sawdust itself is a waste generated at a sawmill, and its amount is limited. Further, the mass transportation has a problem in terms of cost. Therefore, in the present invention, the waste wood material is used, and the waste wood material is pulverized by a specific processing means to generate a wood pulverized material that is much more hygroscopic than sawdust and used. In this case, the garbage is treated as a treatment of the waste wood material generated at or near the place where the garbage is generated. Waste wood is a typical waste wood material where pruning branches of roadside trees and plants are generated everywhere, but it is used for transportation of various products and goods in factories, fruit and vegetable markets or fish markets. Typical waste wood materials are wood box waste materials, pallet waste materials used for the transfer of products, etc. within a predetermined site, or building waste materials.
[0021]
  The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First, FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an essential part showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the garbage disposal method of the present invention, and the apparatus is a fermentation apparatus A that is a main body of a garbage disposal apparatus; It comprises a screw type crusher B for crushing the waste wood material.
[0022]
  First, the structure and operation of the screw crusher B used for crushing waste wood material, which is one of the features of the present invention, will be described. As shown in the figure, the screw-type crusher B is mounted on a pedestal 39 installed on a base 40, and waste wood materials andgarbageA screw 42 is inserted into a cylindrical cylinder 41 having one end of a hopper 46 that serves as a charging port, and a distal end portion 42a of the screw 42 is fixed to the other end portion of the cylinder 41 and has a large number. A top cover 44 having a small hole 47 is disposed. The end of the shaft 48 of the cylinder 42 is connected to a driving device (motor and speed reducer) 49, whereby the screw 42 is rotatable. AndIn the case of waste wood,Crush to a suitable size, for example 5-10 cm or less in advance with a chipperAside thisWhen thrown in from the hopper 46, the waste wood material falls into the cylinder 41 and is sent forward by the rotation of the screw 42 and is crushed and crushed and crushed inside as described later. The fiber is cut by a cutter 45 disposed inside the tip of the screw 42 so as to be in sliding contact with the screw 42 and pushed out of the device from a small hole 47 of the top cover 44. Here, since the screw blade pitch of the screw 42 is formed narrower toward the tip, the object to be processed in the cylinder 41 is crushed while being pressurized as it is sent forward, and from the small hole 47. It is designed to be pushed out as if erupting into the atmosphere.
[0023]
  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the tip of the screw type crusher B. As shown in FIG. 2, the tip 42a of the screw 42 is fixed to the front surface of the cylinder 41 and has a large number of small holes 47. A center of the cover 44 is rotatably held via a bearing member 52, and a cutter 45 is fixed inside the cover 44 so as to be in sliding contact with the inner surface of the top cover 44 and rotates together with the screw 42. A plurality of shear blade members 43 are arranged on the inner surface of the cylinder 41 along the longitudinal direction of the cylinder at an appropriate interval, for example, 45 °, and the shear blade member 43, the screw 42, In the meantime, the waste wood material thrown into the cylinder is subjected to crushing and crushing.
[0024]
  3A is a sectional view taken along the line II in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 3, the inner surface of the cylinder 41 has a tapered blade surface 43b as shown in FIG. A bar-shaped shear blade member 43 is disposed, and a bolt 57 provided through the cylinder 41 is screwed into a screw hole 43a appropriately formed in the shear blade member 43 so that the shear blade member 43 is It is designed to be fixed at a predetermined position on the inner surface of the cylinder.
[0025]
  FIG. 4 conceptually shows a state in which an object 56 such as waste wood material is crushed and pulverized by the shear blade member 43 and the screw 42. First, as shown in FIG. 3A, the workpiece 56 carried by the rotation of the screw 42 is sandwiched between the outer peripheral portion of the screw 42 and the shear blade member 43. Next, as shown in FIG. 6B, the workpiece 56 is rotated by the rotation of the screw 42 (in the direction of the arrow in the figure), and the outer peripheral portion of the screw and the shear blade surface 43b of the shear blade member 43. As shown in (c) of FIG. At the same time, as shown in FIG. 5B, the workpiece 56 existing between the outer peripheral surface of the screw 42 and the tapered shear blade surface 43b of the shear blade member 53 is crushed by the relative movement of both surfaces. Under the action, the fiber in the object to be treated is crushed while being loosened. As described above, the object to be treated (waste wood material) thrown into the cylinder is gradually crushed into small pieces and crushed into smaller particles by the crushing action. In particular, since the screw blade pitch of the screw 42 is narrower toward the front, the workpiece is compressed and consolidated by the rotational force of the screw as it goes to the front of the screw. Under the action of crushing and crushing by crushing, it is crushed into finer particles.
[0026]
  In this manner, the waste wood material is crushed and pulverized into fine particles, is pumped forward in the cylinder, and is released into the atmosphere from the small holes 47 of the top cover 44 disposed on the front surface of the cylinder 41. However, in the case where the waste wood material is a raw tree such as a pruned branch, it is rich in fiber and flexibility, so that it is sufficiently cut depending on the shearing force and crushing force between the shear blade member 43 and the screw 42. In such a case, the small hole 47 may be clogged with pulverized material and may be difficult to be discharged. Therefore, in the crusher of the present invention, the cutter 45 is disposed at the tip of the screw 42 so as to be in sliding contact with the inner surface of the top cover 44, and rotates with the rotation of the screw. As a result, a long fibrous material is also cut at the inner surface portion of the top cover 44 and is pushed out so as to be ejected from the small hole 47 by the internal high pressure formed by the rotational force of the screw.
[0027]
  What should be noted here is that the pulverized product is heated to about 70 ° C. to 80 ° C. by the frictional force with the screw and the cylinder, and is discharged at once from the high pressure portion in the cylinder into the atmosphere. The moisture contained in the pulverized particles suddenly expands, destroying the cell wall of the plant cell of the wood material, causing a phenomenon of “swelling”, and the pulverized product itself has extremely high hygroscopicity. . This is a point that is basically different from the above-mentioned “Oga waste”, which is a similar pulverized product, and this point is used as a moisture adjusting material for fermentation treatment of raw garbage using waste wood. And it is one of the features of the present invention that it exhibits an excellent function as a bacterial fungus bed.
[0028]
  Incidentally, a water supply unit 55 is disposed in the vicinity of the tip of the cylinder 41 in case water is insufficient to function as a lubricant for extruding the pulverized material from the small hole 47, such as pulverization of dry waste wood material. ing. The water supply unit 55 includes a water guide pipe 51 that passes through the cylinder wall and communicates with the inside, a water guide nozzle 53 that is formed to communicate with the water guide pipe, and advancing and retreating in the water guide pipe 51 to enter the cylinder. It comprises a control valve 54 that adjusts the flow channel area of the opening to open and close the flow channel and adjust the amount of water, so that tap water can be supplied from the water guide nozzle 53.Note that there is no problem of water supply if raw garbage and waste wood are supplied simultaneously.
[0029]
  The pulverized material is pushed out from the small holes 47 of the top cover 44 by the pressing force acting on the pulverized material by the rotation of the screw. Thus, there is a case where the pressing force of the screw is absorbed by the compacted body and a sufficient extrusion pressure is not transmitted to the compacted body of the pulverized material existing in the small hole 47. In such a case, the pulverized material rotates together with the screw at the tip of the screw, and the pulverized material is not discharged from the small hole 47. Accordingly, the apparatus of the present invention is provided with a resistance rod 50 which can be moved forward and backward through the cylinder 41 and protrudes to the inside of the top cover 44. A resistance is given to the pulverized material to be prevented to prevent co-rotation, and the pulverized material is smoothly discharged from the small hole 47.
[0030]
  In this way, the pulverized waste wood material that has been crushed while being pressed by the screw-type pulverizer is further increased in hygroscopicity as a result of pulverization and cell wall and fiber destruction. That is, as a result of crushing tests of various waste wood materials, in most cases, it was confirmed that the water absorption per unit weight of the pulverized product was about 3 to 4 times that of the wood material before pulverization. It has been confirmed that this pulverization method is extremely effective in improving the water absorption rate of the wood material. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, the waste wood material pulverized product (fermentation aid) is directly supplied from the small hole of the top cover 44 toward the raw material charging hopper 2 of the fermentation apparatus A. In this case, a necessary amount of fermentation aid can be pulverized each time and supplied into the fermentation apparatus A.
[0031]
  On the other hand, when such a highly hygroscopic fermentation aid is supplied into the fermentation apparatus and mixed with the raw garbage in the fermentation apparatus, the fermentation aid absorbs moisture in the raw garbage, and the raw garbage and the fermentation aid. The to-be-processed material mixture which consists of these will change to the mixture with the favorable air permeability of the smooth feeling which is not sticky even if it touches a hand, and the favorable environment of aerobic fermentation will be obtained. At the same time, since the fermentation aid is finely pulverized as described above, it becomes easy to uniformly disperse when mixed with raw garbage, and as a result, the uniform fermentation decomposition reaction of raw garbage is promoted in combination with the improvement of the air permeability. It will be a thing. Furthermore, it should be noted that the fermentation aid itself is pulverized so that it can be easily decomposed, and as is clear from the examples described later, the decomposition reaction of the fermentation aid proceeds simultaneously with the decomposition of the garbage. As a result, the decomposition residue (fermentation residue) becomes extremely small.
[0032]
  Next, the fermentation apparatus A shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail. In the same figure, the fermentation apparatus A includes a fermentation tank 1 for fermenting raw garbage together with the fermentation aid, a housing 4 arranged so as to surround the outer peripheral surface of the fermentation tank 1, and the above-mentioned in the fermentation tank. Stirring devices 15 and 16 for stirring the workpiece mixture, a rotating device 17 for rotating the fermentation tank, and an exhaust duct 9 for forcibly venting the generated gas in the fermentation tank are main components. Is.
[0033]
  The fermenter 1 is composed of fixed side plates 5 and 6 at both ends and a cylindrical drum 1a rotatable with respect to the fixed side plates 5 and 6, and the cylindrical drum 1a is fixed to the fixed side plates 5 and 6. It is rotatably connected by a bearing mechanism or the like. As shown in FIG. 5 which is a schematic front view of the fixed side plate 5, the one end of the fixed side plate 5 is provided with an opening 5 a for introducing a raw material at a position displaced from the center O of the fermentation tank 1. As shown in FIG. 6 which is a schematic front view of the fixed side plate 6, the discharge side 6 a for discharging fermentation residues has a center O of the fermentation tank 1 as well as the opening 5 a for charging the raw material. It is formed at a position deviated from. In the raw material charging opening 5a, a raw material charging hopper 2 that penetrates the housing 4 and has an opening 2a outside is formed obliquely upward, and the opening 2a of the hopper 2 has a lid member 24 that can be freely opened and closed. Is arranged. On the other hand, a residue discharge duct 3 is formed obliquely downward through the housing 4 in the fermentation residue discharge outlet 6a, and a residue containing bag 25 is provided in the discharge port 3a exposed to the outside. It is detachably attached.
[0034]
  In the fermenter 1, a rotary shaft 15 disposed through the fixed side plates 5 and 6 on both sides at a position displaced upward from the drum central axis of the fermenter and the longitudinal direction of the rotary shaft 15. A stirring means comprising a plurality of stirring blades 16 having cutting blade surfaces is provided. When the input raw material is in a block shape, the stirring means has an action of crushing the input raw material and stirring and mixing the object mixture, and a drive motor 13 installed in the housing 4. , And is rotationally driven by a speed reducer 14 connected thereto. The rotary shaft 15 is rotatably supported at both ends by a support stand 26 (the left stand is omitted in the figure) fixed to the base 40.
[0035]
  Further, a gear 27 is attached to an outer peripheral portion of one end of the drum 1 a of the fermentation tank 1, and the gear 28 attached to the end portions of the drive motor 13, the speed reducer 14, and the rotary shaft 15, A chain 30 with one end engaged, a gear 29 with the other end engaged with the chain 30, a speed reducer 20 connected to the gear 29, an output shaft 21 of the speed reducer 20, and an end of the output shaft 21 The drum gear 27 is configured to rotate the drum 1a of the fermentation tank by applying a rotational force to the drum gear 27 through the gear 22 held in the tank. The drum 1a is held by a plurality of support members 18 fixed to the base 40 and a plurality of rollers 17 rotatably attached to the support member 18, and is freely rotated.
[0036]
  An intake port 7 is formed at an appropriate position on the upper surface portion of the fermentation residue discharge duct 3, an exhaust port 8 is formed at an appropriate position on the upper surface portion of the raw material charging hopper 2, and the exhaust port 8 is connected to an exhaust duct 9. An exhaust fan 10 and a deodorizing agent 11 are disposed at appropriate positions of the exhaust duct 9. Thereby, the air in the housing 4 is sucked from the intake port 7 of the discharge duct 3 by the intake force of the exhaust fan 10, flows into the fermentation tank 1 through the discharge port 6 a of the fixed side plate 6, and the fermentation tank 1. Along with the gas generated inside, the material is discharged into the atmosphere from the exhaust duct 9 through the raw material charging opening 5a of the fixed side plate 5 and the exhaust port 8 of the raw material charging hopper 2. That is, the exhaust fan 10 forcibly exhausts the gas in the fermenter 1 and supplies fresh air in the housing into the fermenter 1 from the air inlet 7 formed in the exhaust duct 3 (ventilation). It is supposed to do. The fermentation odor is removed by the deodorizer 11 installed in the exhaust duct 9. In addition, most of the water generated by the fermentation is released from the exhaust duct 9 into the atmosphere, but when the outside air temperature is low, it may condense in the duct. It can be done.
[0037]
  In addition, an intake opening (not shown) is formed at an appropriate position of the housing 4, and a heater 23 is disposed in the vicinity of the intake port. Therefore, when the exhaust fan 10 is operated, the air in the housing 4 is sucked into the fermentation tank 1 as described above, and outside air is sucked from the intake opening formed in the housing 4 at that time. At the same time, it is heated by the heater 23 and flows into the housing 4. While this heated air flows around the drum 1a of the fermentation tank 1 and is sucked from the intake port 7 formed in the fermentation residue discharge duct 3, the fermentation tank 1 is heated from the outside and the fermentation tank 1 There exists a role which supplies warm air inside and keeps the temperature in the fermenter 1 at predetermined temperature.
[0038]
  Next, the processing operation which carries out an aerobic fermentation process of garbage using the above-mentioned processing apparatus is demonstrated. First,Manually open the lid member 24 arranged in the opening 2a of the raw material supply hopper 2The garbage is pulverized by the above-described screw type pulverizer and crushed as garbage.Inside hopper 2ThrowEnterIsThen, the inside of the hopper 2 is slid down, and from the inlet 5a formed in the fixed side plate 5 and always open, the mixture of the objects to be processed in the aerobic fermentation already existing in the fermentation tank 1 Fall and accumulate on top. On the other hand, the fermentation aid comprising the pulverized product of the waste wood materialIs,SaidScrew crusherNoPut into the hopper 2 directly from the top cover 44Be done. Garbage that is appropriately input in this wayCrushed materialAnd the fermentation aid are mixed by rotating the drum 1a of the fermentation tank 1, and the raw garbageCrushed materialWhen it is put in a block state, the block is crushed by the rotation of the stirring blade 16 and the garbage is removed.Crushed materialAnd further mixing of the fermentation aid. The lid member 24 is made of garbage.Crushed materialIt is opened manually only when the fermentation aid is put into the fermentation tank, and is usually closed.
[0039]
  Next, the behavior of the workpiece mixture in the fermentation tank 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 shows the state in the fermentation tank 1 as seen from the raw material inlet 5a side.OutlineIt is a schematic diagram, and garbage newly introduced into the fermenter 1 from the raw material inlet 5a.Crushed materialFalls on the to-be-processed mixture deposited in a state having an upward gradient toward the rotation direction as indicated by A1 in the figure by rotation (forward rotation) of the fermenter 1 in the direction indicated by the arrow 33. However, since this deposit circulates in the direction shown by the arrow 34 by the rotation of the fermenter 1, freshly introduced garbageCrushed materialIs also involved in this circulation and mixing with the fermentation aid. By this mixing operation, the release of the fermentation gas remaining in the deposit and the entrainment of fresh air are performed simultaneously.
[0040]
  FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the state in the fermentation tank 1 as viewed from the fermentation residue discharge port 6a side. When the fermentation tank 1 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow 33 (forward rotation), the discharge port Since the position of 6a is away from the deposit A1, the fermentation residue is not discharged to the outside from the discharge port 6a. Therefore, when the rotation direction of the fermenter 1 is switched to the rotation (reverse rotation) in the direction indicated by the arrow 35 in the figure, the deposit is a deposit having a reverse gradient to the A1 as indicated by A2 in the figure. Become. As a result, when the upper surface of the deposit is positioned higher than the lower end surface of the discharge port 6a, the fermentation residue is discharged out of the fermenter 1 from the discharge port 6a.
[0041]
  Where wet garbageCrushed materialIs mixed with the fermentation aid, it absorbs moisture in the garbage,Crushed materialGives moderate dryness so that it does not adhere to the inner surface of the fermenter or the stirring blades, etc.CrushedAs described above, an appropriate porosity is formed between particles to promote air circulation and to suppress anaerobic fermentation.
[0042]
  Garbage that is sequentially input and mixed in this wayCrushed materialThe mixture of the food and the fermentation aid is the raw garbageCrushed materialThe aerobic fermentation proceeds by various aerobic fermentation bacteria existing in nature and the various aerobic fermentation bacteria supplied with the air that is blown into the fermentation tank, Basically, it is decomposed into carbon dioxide gas and water. At this time, it is necessary to supply fresh air and exhaust the generated gas. Therefore, the exhaust fan 10 disposed in the exhaust duct 9 is operated. At the same time as performing forced evacuation, fresh air is sucked into the fermentation tank 1 to maintain the aerobic fermentation environment.
[0043]
  Next, the drum 1a of the fermenter is rotated in the manner described above, but this rotation can be continuously and gently rotated, but intermittently rotating from the viewpoint of operating cost. preferable. That is, the reaction rate of the aerobic fermentation proceeds very slowly compared to the chemical reaction by a general chemical apparatus, so that the aerobic fermentation is maintained even if the mixture holding the air phase is left standing. If the time is within an appropriate range, no problem will occur even if mixing by rotating the drum is not performed. In the same meaning, the forced exhaust does not need to be continuously exhausted at the same level, and it is possible to increase or decrease the exhaust in accordance with the rotation of the drum. It is also possible to intermittently force exhaust independently and appropriately.
[0044]
  These intermittent rotation and forced exhaust levels of the fermentation drum will be described with reference to an example of a time chart shown in FIG. FIG. 7A is a time chart of intermittent rotation of the fermentation drum, and FIG. 7B is a time chart showing the exhaust level of forced exhaust. First, in the figure (A), t1 is a time zone during which the fermentation drum is rotating, and t2 is a time zone during which the rotation of the fermentation drum is stopped. Here, the ratio of t1 and t2, that is, t1: t2 is generally selected in the range of 1:10 to 1: 180, but practically about 1:30 to 1: 100 is a preferable range. . Specifically, when t1 is 2 to 3 minutes, t2 is preferably selected from about 60 minutes to 150 minutes.
[0045]
  Next, in FIG. 2B, t1 and t2 indicate the time zone of forced exhausting in accordance with the intermittent rotation of the fermentation drum, and in the time zone t1 during which the fermentation drum is rotating, internal deposition As a result of the forced mixing of the product, the fermentation gas staying in the internal sediment is discharged into the fermenter. During this period, the exhaust fan 10 is rotated strongly to exhaust the gas, In the time zone t2 when the rotation is stopped, the exhaust fan 10 is slightly rotated to be in a weak exhaust state. Here, when the exhaust amount w1 in the strong exhaust state is set to 100, the exhaust amount w2 in the weak exhaust state is generally set to about 10 to 30, preferably about 20. Has a drying action that removes the moisture in the raw material along with the release of the fermentation gas, so if the moisture content in the garbage is high, set the level of the weak exhaust state w2 to a slightly higher level. It is preferable to keep it.
[0046]
  Next, when the aerobic fermentation proceeds and the decomposition of the mixture to be processed proceeds and the volume of the mixture to be processed is gradually reduced, the fermentation residue is obtained by reversing the rotation direction of the fermentation drum 1a as described above. It is discharged to the discharge duct 3 from the discharge port 6 a opened in the fixed side plate 6 and falls into the residue containing bag 25 attached to the tip of the duct 3. When the fermentation residue amount in the residue storage bag 25 reaches a predetermined amount, the residue storage bag 25 is replaced with a new one. The setting of the frequency of reversal of the rotation direction of the fermentation drum 1a determines the residence time of the raw material input in the fermentation tank 1 and the residence amount in the fermentation tank. That is, if the reversal frequency is increased, the fermentation residue discharge frequency is increased and the residence time of the input is shortened.At the same time, the amount of residence in the fermenter is also reduced. At the same time, the amount of residence in the fermenter increases. Therefore, it is set as appropriate according to the characteristics of the garbage and the environmental conditions, but in general, if the rough characteristics of the garbage are substantially constant, such as the garbage in the fruit and vegetable market, it is set at the initial trial operation stage. There is almost no need to change the frequency of normal / reverse rotation.
[0047]
  Next, the fermentation residue falling into the residue storage bag 25 is the raw garbage.Crushed materialBecause it is a mixture of fermentation residue and fermentation aid fermentation residue,Crushed materialSifted into fermentation residue and fermentation aidCrushed materialIt is possible to reuse only the fermentation residue of organic fertilizer as the organic fertilizer and reuse the recovered fermentation aid residue. However, without separating them, all of them can be used as organic fertilizer, or a part of them can be used. It can be reused again as a fermentation aid. In particular, the fermentation aids used in the present invention are all pulverized wood, and the structure is destroyed and has hygroscopicity, and the fermentation decomposition proceeds in the fermenter. So there is no problem using it as a fertilizer. In particular, according to the method of the present invention, the input garbageCrushed materialMost of the fermentation residue is undegraded components of the fermentation aid, so the whole amount is mixed with a new fermentation aid and used again. This is a preferred embodiment as a completely extinguishing type processing method that does not emit emissions.
[0048]
  Moreover, in the case where the garbage is a fruit or vegetable that is disposed of as a damaged or defective product from the fruit and vegetable market, the individual garbage itself is of a considerable size. When charged, the crushing action by the stirring blade 16 is somewhat reduced, but the decomposition rate is remarkably slowed. In an extreme case, the shape may be discharged as it is. Therefore, in the present inventionIsGarbage is supplied to the screw type crusher B, crushed in the same manner as the above-mentioned waste wood material, and supplied into the fermentation tank.Like. Raw garbage is supplied to the screw crusher B and pulverizedThenThe garbage itself is pulverized into small particles, and the cellular tissue is also crushed and easily decomposed as in the case of the waste wood material. As a result of shortening the time, it becomes possible to greatly increase the processing capacity in the case of a fermenter of the same volume.
[0049]
  In addition, when the raw garbage is supplied to the screw-type pulverizer and pulverized, if it is supplied together with the waste wood material and pulverized at the same time, both are mixed and supplied into the fermenter. Therefore, there is also an effect of increasing the fermentation speed. In addition, when the waste wood material is in a dry state such as building waste material, pallet waste material, or wooden box waste material, it is possible to omit the above-described replenishment of moisture into the cylinder, and an effect of reducing the operation cost can be expected.
[0050]
  It should be noted that the amount of waste wood material pulverized material (fermentation aid) added to and mixed with garbage should be at least about 3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of garbage from the viewpoint of the decomposition rate of garbage. If it is less than this, the processing speed of garbage may be slow. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of the decomposition environment of the garbage, it is necessary to adjust the amount of addition according to the moisture content of the garbage, and when the moisture content of the garbage is high, the moisture of the garbage is absorbed. What is necessary is just to increase the addition amount of a fermentation aid suitably, and to add to the grade which a to-be-processed object mixture does not stickiness and can maintain air permeability favorable. In addition, when the moisture content of raw garbage is high and it is necessary to add a large amount of fermentation aid, it is an effective method to reduce the amount of fermentation aid added in advance by draining the raw waste. . In particular, when the garbage processing apparatus of the present invention is installed at the garbage generation site and the waste wood material that is insufficient is transferred from other places, if the addition amount of the fermentation aid is small, the labor of the transfer can be saved. It can be said that the amount of the fermentation aid added is preferably 30 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of garbage. In addition, the fermentation aid has a slow decomposition rate compared to raw garbage, so if added in a large amount, the decomposition residue (fermentation residue) tends to increase. It is preferable to suppress the addition amount of the fermentation aid to 30 parts by weight or less.
[0051]
  Next, examples of the present invention will be described.
[Reference Example 1]
  Using the garbage processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1, a fermentation treatment test of garbage was performed. By the way, the used garbage was discharged from the feeding center and used as it was once a day in the fermenter. Therefore, the contents in the raw garbage vary depending on the daily menu. Although all the waste discharged from the kitchen is included, it was used for the test without any separation. On the other hand, the amount of garbage input also varies depending on the amount of discharge from the school lunch center on that day, but because it is a demonstration operation, the treatment test was performed as it was without adjusting the amount of input. Moreover, the fermenter of the apparatus used has a diameter of 100 cm and a length of 150 cm (effective internal capacity: about 1 m2).
[0052]
  In operation of the apparatus, if raw garbage is put into the empty fermentor from the beginning, wet garbage will adhere to the inner wall of the fermenter. 360 liters was added, and garbage was put into this to start operation. Moreover, the fermenter was made into the intermittent rotation system rotated for 2 minutes every 120 minutes, and the operation | movement of the stirring apparatus was made to operate | move only at the time of rotation of a fermenter. The exhaust in the fermentation tank was set to 100% of the exhaust capacity of the exhaust fan when the fermentation tank was rotating, and was set to 20% when the fermentation tank was stopped. By the way, the additional input of fermentation aid in the operation process has been carried out from the 8th day after the start of operation, but this is observed if the state inside the fermentation tank is observed, and if there is a lot of moisture, the fermentation aid is added. This is because the method of inputting is adopted. That is, a convenient method of adding a fermentation aid is employed as long as the mixture adheres to the hand by visually observing the inside of the fermentation tank and picking up the workpiece mixture.
[0053]
  In addition, the intentional addition of various bacteria as an aerobic fermenter was not performed at all, and it was left to the aerobic fermentation by the bacteria naturally supplied with the said garbage, fermentation aid, and blowing air. The device is installed in a well-ventilated outdoor area, and a single-roof type cover is installed to prevent direct sunlight. The test conditions and the results at the initial stage of the operation are shown in Table 1.
[0054]
[Table 1]

[0055]
  In Table 1, the number of days column indicates the number of days that have elapsed since the operation start date, and the flying numbers indicate holidays. During this holiday, there is no input of garbage or fermentation aids.SetThe operation is continued by automatic operation. The temperature inside the fermenter is measured by inserting a rod-shaped thermometer just before the introduction of the garbage, and the temperature at the front (near the garbage input), the center and the rear (near the discharge port) of the fermenter. It is a thing. The temperature in the fermenter on the first day of operation is 28 ° C., which is the same as the outside temperature. If the temperature in this tank rises, it means that a fermentation reaction has occurred, and it means that the fermentation reaction has progressed most at the highest temperature part.
[0056]
  As is apparent from Table 1, since there is a large amount of fermentation aids introduced in the initial stage for 7 days from the first day of operation, only raw garbage is introduced. The temperature in the fermenter is clearly higher than the outside air temperature from the second day after the input of raw garbage, and it can be seen that the temperature rises due to the fermentation reaction. On the third day, the median temperature in the tank reached 57 ° C., and thereafter, it was observed that a smooth fermentation reaction had progressed. From this, it can be seen that if the fermentation aid according to the present invention is used, the apparatus can be quickly started up, and quick garbage disposal proceeds. In addition, the relatively low front portion of the temperature in the tank is in the vicinity of the garbage input port, which means that the reaction has not progressed sufficiently. Therefore, if the rotation frequency of the fermenter is increased and the mixture is sufficiently stirred, a temperature rise is also observed. In this case, the garbage immediately after being charged is dispersed to the vicinity of the discharge port, and the garbage is included in the discharge as it is. In some cases, a temperature distribution in which the front temperature is the lowest is a preferable operating condition.
[0057]
  The fermentation residue was discharged from the 15th day after the start of the treatment. This discharge | emission is the total amount of the fermentation residue of a garbage, and the residue of a fermentation auxiliary material. Since most of the effluent was the decomposition residue of the fermentation aid, the entire amount was again put into the fermentor together with the raw garbage to continue the fermentation treatment. In addition, the fermentation aid in the effluent was swollen from the beginning by absorbing moisture in the garbage. This means that the effluent contains a large amount of water in the raw garbage along with the fermentation aid, raw undecomposed material and decomposition residue. In addition, in the fermentation residue, neither the fish bone nor the original shape was retained, the fish bone was also decomposed, and the cabbage core portion was not found at all.
[0058]
  During operation of the equipment, there was some odor, but it was not a corrosive odor and there was no discomfort, but as a result of deodorizing with activated carbon placed in the exhaust duct line of the treatment equipment, the odor was almost removed . Also, during the treatment, I picked up the mixture to be treated in the fermentation tank, but it did not adhere to the hand although it was entirely wet, I tried to make a lump by grasping firmly with my hand However, the adhesion between the particles was very weak, and as soon as the hands were released, they were dispersed apart. This indicates that the fermentation aid absorbs moisture in the raw garbage and gives the raw garbage an appropriate degree of dryness, and also prevents aggregation of the raw garbage particles.
[0059]
【Example1]
  Assuming raw garbage discharged from the fruit and vegetable market as raw garbage, using raw garbage mainly consisting of vegetable waste and fruit waste, all of the raw waste is screw-type crusherTo supplyAfter being pulverized, it was supplied to the fermentation apparatus. On the other hand, as the fermentation aid, a pulverized product obtained by mixing about half of the wooden box waste material generated in the factory together with the pruned branches was used. In addition, prior to the operation of the fermenter, pulverized products of pruned branches and wooden box waste were piled on the ground and left for one day (those with aerobic fermentation bacteria in the soil)referenceIn the same manner as in Example 1, about 350 l was charged into the fermenter. Other fermenter operating conditions (rotation conditions, ventilation exhaust conditions)referenceThe test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1. The test results are shown in Table 2.
[0060]
[Table 2]

[0061]
  As shown in Table 2, it is shown in Table 1.referenceCompared to the case of Example 1, the internal temperature has increased from the second day of operation, and this is because the raw garbage is pulverized in advance by a screw-type pulverizer to make it easy to ferment, and in advance a fermenter It is considered that the fermentation aid introduced into the inside is caused by being left on the ground surface for one day and using the one having the underground fermentation bacteria attached thereto. By the way, if the woody pulverized material pulverized by the screw-type pulverizer is left on the ground and left standing, the natural fermentation will proceed and the internal temperature will rise to close to 60 ° C on the third day. It is considered that the piles on the ground are effective in promoting the fermentation of the pulverized product by the soil fermentation bacteria.
[0062]
  The fermentation residue was discharged from the 15th day after the start of the treatment. Most of this emissionsReference exampleSince it was a decomposition residue of fermentation aids as in No. 1, this whole amount was again put into the fermenter together with raw garbage and the fermentation process was continued. Also, fermentation aids in the effluentreferenceIn the same manner as in Example 1, water in the garbage was absorbed and swollen from the beginning. In addition, almost no odor during operation is felt, and the mixture to be treated in the fermentation tank does not adhere to the hands although it is entirely moist, and as with Reference Example 1, it is moderately dry. Had a degree.
[0063]
  Next, as a comparative example, a case where sawdust, which is a representative material added as a moisture adjusting material for the fermentation treatment of raw garbage, will be described.
[0064]
[Comparative Example 1]
  Instead of fermenting aid made by pulverizing waste woody material, except for using "Oga waste", the abovereferenceThe fermenter was operated and processed under the same conditions as in the example. In the early stage of operation, a smooth aerobic fermentation progressed, but since odors began to develop in the middle of the operation, the contents inside the device were observed to be sticky as a whole. It was judged that the distribution was insufficient (transfer to anaerobic fermentation). Then, sawdust was added while stirring, and a large amount was added to the extent that the stickiness was eliminated, and the same operation as in Reference Example 1 was continued. After a while, it returned to aerobic fermentation again. However, this state did not continue for a long time, and odors began to be generated again. Thus, a large amount of sawdust was added again to restore aerobic fermentation, but odors again occurred after a while. The comparison test operation was completed by repeating this “generation of odor” → “large amount of sawdust” → “restoration to aerobic fermentation” → “generation of odor” several times. Incidentally, the cabbage core, radish and carrot pieces remained almost intact in the fermentation residue discharged, and part of the rice was dumped. In addition, in the process of aerobic fermentation steadily, I looked at the raw material mixture in the fermentation tank, Example 1,Reference example 1There was no smoothness like in the case of, and it was inevitable that a small amount adhered to the hand in a damp state. Furthermore, it was clarified that when the hand was squeezed strongly to form a lump, the state was maintained even when the hand was released, and the garbage particles easily aggregated.
[0065]
  Incidentally, when the water content of the fermenter contents in the state where the odor was generated was measured, it was about 60% by weight.Reference example 1There was no significant difference from the amount of water in the state where the aerobic fermentation was smoothly performed. This means that even if the total water content is the same, there is a large difference in the amount of water transferred to the fermentation aid due to the difference in the water absorption rate of the fermentation aid. It is thought that it appears in the presence or absence of continuation.
[0066]
  As is clear from the above Examples and Comparative Examples, in the method of the present invention, good aerobic fermentation is performed without adding any commercially available aerobic bacteria. This fact is considered that aerobic fermentation bacteria adhering to waste wood and garbage and aerobic fermentation bacteria present in the air were introduced into the fermenter by blowing air, and the garbage was naturally fermented. It is done. This can be seen in the aerobic fermentation bacteria attached to the raw garbage and sawdust itself and the air blown from the fact that the aerobic fermentation was initially generated even with sawdust carried out under the same conditions. It is understood that the aerobic fermenting bacterium which acts on the garbage causes fermentation decomposition.
[0067]
  As described above, the present inventionWhenObtained by crushing waste wood with a screw crusherBothCrushed materialForNeedless to say, in actual operation, the present invention is not limited to the above-described items, and various modifications can be made. In addition, as for the applicable garbage, lunch centers, hotels. The present invention can be applied not only to garbage discharged from restaurants or supermarket kitchens, but also to garbage discharged from fruit and vegetable markets and fish markets. In particular, examples1As shown in, the raw garbage discharged from the fruit and vegetable market is mainly vegetable waste and fruit waste, and is relatively homogeneous raw waste. In addition, it is possible to simultaneously process pallet waste and wooden box waste generated in the market.
[0068]
  In addition, as can be understood from Reference Example 1, meat such as fish and fish ara can be completely fermented and digested, so that wooden box waste generated from the fish market is generated in the market. It is also possible to treat with pallet waste.
[0069]
【The invention's effect】
  As described above, according to the present invention, the pulverized material with improved water absorption obtained by pulverizing waste wood material with a screw-type pulverizer is used as a fermentation aid., Similarly crushed by screw type crushergarbageCrushed materialSince it is possible to cause aerobic fermentation of garbage by simply mixing it, it is not necessary to add special aerobic bacteria conventionally used. Therefore, the cost required for garbage disposal is greatly reduced.
[0070]
  In addition, the amount of waste discharged from the fermenter is 10% or less of the total raw material charged, and most of the waste is the above-mentioned fermentation aid that has absorbed moisture and increased its weight.,Since any of them has the possibility of decomposing and disappearing, it can be put into the fermentation tank again, so that it can be expected to approach the complete disappearance of raw garbage.
[0071]
  Moreover, since the waste is a fermentation fermentation residue consisting of a fermentation residue of raw garbage and a wooden material that is a natural product, the entire amount can be used as it is as an organic fertilizer. In particular, various waste wood materials that only had a method of incineration can be used effectively as a fermentation aid for the treatment of raw garbage, as fermentation decomposition proceeds in the process of fermentation of raw garbage, Fermentation residue mainly composed of these fermentation aids can be sprayed on the field as fertilizer, and the decomposition of the fertilizer after it has been distributed to the field progresses very quickly, making it possible to use it as an effective fertilizer. There is.
[0072]
  Furthermore, since no special aerobic bacteria are used, there is no need to discuss the safety of the aerobic bacteria in fields and crops even when fermentation residues are used as fertilizers. have.
[0073]
  In addition, when using special aerobic bacteria, the environment must be optimal for the bacteria, and the type of garbage and the characteristics of the local environment are often problematic, and the operating conditions of the equipment are flexible. However, in the present invention, since various aerobic fermentation bacteria present in the environment are used, these various degrading bacteria are inherently suitable for the local environment, The operating conditions of the apparatus are extremely flexible, and the fact that no special specialist or special operating conditions are required is a great advantage in this type of apparatus that requires versatility. This point is the same as in the first embodiment.Reference example 1, Simply set the rotation speed and blowing speed of the fermenter as the operating conditions of the apparatus, put the raw garbage without any modification, simply put the amount of fermentation aid to be treated It will be easily understood that only the appropriate adjustment is made according to the water content of the mixture.
[0074]
  Conventionally, the sawdust used as a bacterial bed is difficult to maintain even if it is steadily aerobically fermented, and constant monitoring is required. Moisture in the garbage is absorbed by the water absorption of the auxiliary material, and appropriate dryness is given to the garbage, and aggregation of the garbage particles is prevented to ensure a proper air permeability between the garbage particles. Therefore, the operation management of the apparatus becomes extremely easy, labor saving including unattended operation at night is possible, and a remarkable effect of facilitating the introduction of the garbage disposal apparatus is expected.
[0075]
  In addition, because the garbage that is waste is treated using the waste wood material that is also waste, the present invention is applied to the fruit and vegetable market or the fish market where these wastes are generated in large quantities at the same time. If this is done, not only the waste will be removed from the outside, but it will also be possible to carry in waste wood from the outside. Therefore, it is possible to solve the garbage disposal problem in these markets, which has spent expenses for garbage disposal, all at once.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the present invention.useIt is principal part sectional drawing which shows an example of a garbage disposal apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the screw type pulverizer of FIG.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II in FIG. 2;
4 is an enlarged conceptual diagram of a main part of FIG. 3, and is a conceptual diagram showing a crushing and pulverizing process in a screw type pulverizer.
FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram of a main part viewed from the raw material charging side showing the state in the fermentation tank of FIG. 1;
6 is a conceptual diagram of a main part viewed from the fermentation residue discharge side showing the state in the fermentation tank of FIG. 1. FIG.
7 is a time chart showing an example of operating conditions of the apparatus of FIG. 1, (A) is a time chart of intermittent rotation of a fermenter, and (B) is a time chart showing a change in exhaust amount of forced exhaust. It is.
[Explanation of symbols]
  A fermenter
  B Screw type crusher
  1 Fermenter
  1a Fermenter rotating drum
  2 Processing object (raw material) input hopper
  3 Residue discharge duct
  4 Housing
  5a Opening of workpiece (raw material) input
  6a Fermentation residue discharge opening
  7 Air supply port
  8 Exhaust vent
  9 Exhaust duct
  10 Exhaust fan
  15 Rotating shaft
  16 Stirring blade
  17 Support roller
  41 cylinders
  42 screw
  43 Shear blade member
  44 Top cover
  45 cutter
  47 Small hole
  50 resistance bar
  51 Water supply section

Claims (2)

In the raw garbage processing method of adding fermentation aids to raw garbage and fermenting raw garbage in an aerobic atmosphere,
Pruned branches, wooden box waste, pallet waste, one or more of waste wood material, such as construction waste wood, and crushing and grinding while crushing rubbing while pressurized pulverized by a screw-type milling device in which the manner pushes into the atmosphere, Forming a woody pulverized product that destroys plant fiber and increases water absorption , and this is used as a fermentation aid,
The raw garbage is pulverized by the screw-type pulverizer to obtain a crushed garbage.
The raw garbage pulverized product and the fermentation aid are put into a fermenter equipped with a stirring means, mixed with intermittent stirring, and the raw garbage pulverized product is aerated in an aerobic atmosphere while aerated in the fermenter. Garbage disposal method characterized by disassembling The raw garbage is supplied to the screw type pulverizer together with the waste wood material and pulverized to form the raw garbage pulverized product and the fermentation aid at the same time , and put them into the fermentation tank. The garbage disposal method according to claim 1, wherein

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