JP3494846B2 - Garbage disposal equipment - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a garbage processing apparatus for fermenting garbage such as food processing waste and garbage to form a compost. [0002] Conventionally, as a garbage disposal apparatus for fermenting garbage and composting, an open bottom of a container is buried in the ground and fermentation bacteria are added to accommodate the garbage. Various types are known, from what is called a household compost that is subjected to fermentation treatment by fungi, to a large-sized industrial waste treatment apparatus equipped with a crusher and a fermenter. [0003] However, the conventional garbage processing apparatus cannot be applied to the former where the processing capacity is small and the processing time is long and a large amount of garbage is generated. And the fermentation apparatus are separately provided, so that the equipment becomes large and the equipment cost becomes too high. Therefore, it has been proposed to provide a crushing means and a stirring means for fermentation in the same tank. As such a garbage disposal apparatus in which both means of pulverization and stirring are provided in the same tank, there is a "garbage disposal apparatus" disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-64663. The configuration is such that, inside the fermentation tank into which the garbage is charged, a stirring cylinder having a crushing hole formed therein and the garbage accumulated at the lower part of the fermentation tank are scraped to the lower part of the stirring cylinder by rotation. The scraping blade and the garbage scraped by the scraping blade are crushed by the crushing hole while being raised in the stirring tube, and are crushed from the upper opening of the crushing hole and the stirring tube to the lower part of the fermentation treatment tank. And a stirring device such as a stirring screw conveyor provided inside the stirring cylinder for dispersing and dropping. In some cases, the inlet portion of the stirring cylinder has a saw-tooth shape at the inlet portion in order to crush the garbage scraped by the scraper blades. The garbage is pulverized by a stirring cylinder, dispersed and dropped from a pulverizing hole and an opening at the upper end of the stirring cylinder, and is repeatedly fermented while being repeatedly stirred and stirred by a blade in a stirring tower. become. [0006] The above-mentioned garbage disposal apparatus crushes or crushes garbage and converts organic substances into inorganic salts by the action of aerobic fermentation bacteria. Oxygen is required for the aerobic fermentation bacterium to perform an oxidation-reduction reaction, and its function is easily affected by the natural environment such as the amount of oxygen and temperature. In the prior art, the garbage being fermented comes into contact with air only when the surface layer of the garbage deposited in the fermentation tank is dispersed and dropped by a stirring screw conveyor. The distribution was not good, and the supply of air to the aerobic fermenters was not sufficient. Further, when the garbage is agitated by the scraping blades and the fermentation proceeds, the temperature in the fermentation tank increases, but as the fermentation approaches a saturated state, the temperature in the fermentation tank decreases, When it becomes saturated, the temperature in the fermenter treatment tank returns to the outside air temperature. This completes the primary fermentation of garbage and becomes compost. In this case, when the garbage is discharged before the completion of the primary fermentation, the heat in the fermentation treatment tank is released through the garbage discharge port. Hinder. Further, it is said that the compost at the stage when the primary fermentation is completed has a high concentration of nitrite nitrogen or nitrate nitrogen, and if it is used as it is as a fertilizer, it becomes excessively fertilized, and therefore it is necessary to denitrify. Anaerobic fermenters are effective for denitrification, but because they dislike oxygen, completion of primary fermentation and denitrification have been conflicting requirements for garbage disposal. [0008] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a garbage processing apparatus capable of supplying sufficient oxygen to aerobic fermentative bacteria and performing good primary fermentation. Another object of the present invention is to provide a garbage disposal apparatus that can sufficiently denitrify compost after the primary fermentation has been completed. A feature of the garbage disposal apparatus of the present invention that achieves the above object is that a crushing hole is formed inside a fermentation tank into which garbage is charged. A stirring cylinder, a scraping blade for scraping garbage accumulated in the lower part of the fermentation treatment tank in the stirring cylinder, and a garbage scraped by the scraping blade provided in the lower part of the stirring cylinder. A garbage disposal device having a stirring device comprising: a stirring screw conveyor that pulverizes in the pulverizing hole while raising the inside of the agitating cylinder and disperses and drops the pulverizing hole and the lower end of the fermentation tank from the upper end opening of the agitating cylinder. , A feeder for supplying air to the crushed garbage in the fermentation tank is provided on at least one of the bottom and the periphery of the fermentation tank. According to the above structure, the garbage introduced into the fermentation treatment layer is pulverized, and at least one of the periphery and the bottom of the fermentation treatment tank is swept from the fermentation treatment tank, and sufficient air is generated with the rotation of the blades. The fermentation is promoted by being supplied, and the evaporating efficiency of water is increased by the increase in the internal pressure of the fermentation tank caused by the supplied air. Another feature of the present invention is that a compost storage tank for performing a secondary fermentation of compost for which primary fermentation has been completed in the fermentation treatment tank is provided adjacent to the fermentation treatment tank via a one-way door. It is in. Because the compost storage tank was provided next to the fermentation treatment tank, when transferring unripe compost to the compost storage tank, there was almost no release of heat from the fermentation treatment tank to the outside air, and the temperature in the fermentation treatment tank was reduced. Since it does not decrease, promotion of fermentation is not hindered. In the compost storage tank, the compost is placed under anaerobic conditions, whereby denitrification proceeds, and the compost is changed to a high-quality compost that is environmentally friendly and does not undergo excessive fertilization. Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section of a garbage processing apparatus 1 according to the present invention. In the fermentation treatment tank 2, the exhaust fan 4 and the exhaust tube 5 are located at the upper part, the garbage inlet 3 is located outside, and the stirring tube 8, the scraping blade 9, the stirring screw conveyor 10, and the linear motor 23 move up and down inside. A possible compost transfer door (one-way door) 6 is provided, through which a compost storage tank 7 is adjacently arranged, and the transfer of compost from the fermentation treatment tank 2 to the compost storage tank 7 is performed through the compost transfer port 14. The garbage discharge port 12 is provided outside the compost storage tank 7. The upper and lower ends of the stirring cylinder 8 are open, and the upper end is a support arm 11.
, And the lower end is serrated. A plurality of crushing holes 8a are formed in the center. The stirring screw conveyor 10 is located inside the stirring tube 8, and the upper end is
The lower end of the fermentation tank 2 passes through the lower opening of the stirring tube 8 through the lower opening of the agitating cylinder 8. The drive shaft of the scraping blade 9 extends through the bottom of the fermentation tank 2 like the stirring screw conveyor 10, and can be rotated near the bottom of the fermentation tank 2 and near the lower opening of the stirring cylinder 8. It is provided in. Reference numeral 17 denotes a mount for the fermentation treatment tank 2, which incorporates a drive motor 18 and an orthogonal shaft reducer 19, and a planetary gear reducer 20 that can obtain two outputs concentrically with one input. The input shaft of the planetary gear reducer 20 is the orthogonal shaft reducer 1
9, a low-speed output shaft (carrier side) 21a located outside of the two output shafts is connected to a drive shaft of the scraper blade 9, and an inner high-speed output shaft 21b integral with the input shaft is provided. The stirring screw conveyor 10 is connected. The air supply holes 15a and 15b are provided in at least one of the bottom and the periphery of the fermentation treatment tank 2, and air is supplied from an air supply source 16. Next, the operation of the present apparatus having the above configuration will be described. The garbage 22 supplied to the fermentation tank 2 from the garbage input port 3 of the fermentation tank 2 is supplied to the driving motor 18.
Is activated, the scraping blade 9 and the stirring screw conveyor 10 rotate via the planetary gear reducer 20, and the garbage 22 deposited in the fermentation tank 2 is moved by the scraping blade 9 into the stirring cylinder 8. It is scraped to the lower end, and is conveyed upward in the stirring cylinder 8 by the stirring screw conveyor 10. In this case, the garbage 2
2 moves up and down in the fermentation tank, and large and high-density garbage is faster than small and low-density garbage.
, It is selectively moved to the inlet of the stirring tube 8 immediately. The large-sized garbage is cut and crushed by a saw blade provided at the inlet of the stirring cylinder 8, further conveyed upward in the stirring cylinder 8, sheared and crushed by passing through the crushing hole 9, and is subjected to the fermentation treatment tank 2. Falls on the garbage that is piled up in the garbage. When the garbage falls from the crushing hole 8a of the agitating cylinder 8 or the upper end of the agitating cylinder 8 onto the garbage accumulated in the fermentation tank 2, moisture evaporates from the garbage. Since the garbage increases the surface area with respect to the volume due to the pulverization, and the temperature increases due to the heat generated by the fermentation in the fermentation treatment tank 2, the evaporation of water proceeds efficiently. After feeding the garbage into the fermentation tank 2 containing an appropriate amount of a fermentation accelerator in which fermentation bacteria have been inoculated in advance, the scraping blades 9 for a certain period of time (about 2 to 5 hours depending on the components of the garbage).
And the screw conveyor 10 for stirring is operated. The garbage deposited in the fermentation tank 2 rises and falls many times, and the air supply is repeated from at least one of the bottom part of the fermentation tank 2 and the surroundings, whereby the garbage undergoes sufficient pulverization, stirring and evaporation of water, The moisture, oxygen concentration and size are appropriately adjusted, the optimal fermentation conditions by the microorganism are obtained, and the fermentation treatment is performed efficiently. The fermented garbage is fermented.
To dry it is reduced to 1/10 to 1/20 of the weight at the time of equipment input,
When the temperature in the fermentation treatment tank decreases and returns to the ambient temperature, the predetermined processing is completed, the compost moving door 6 is lifted by the direct drive motor 23, and the compost moving port 14 is opened. It automatically moves from the compost transfer port 14 to the compost storage tank 7 by centrifugal force or the like due to the rotation of the screw conveyor 10. The compost transfer port 14 between the fermentation treatment tank 2 and the compost storage tank 7 has a compost transfer door 6 that moves only to the compost storage tank 7 side.
The air is normally shut off between the two tanks 2 and 7 only when the compost is moved. Therefore, the moved compost is deposited in the compost storage tank 7 and is placed under anaerobic conditions in a closed room, and is denitrified by anaerobic fermentation bacteria to become a final compost. Thereafter, the garbage is appropriately removed from the garbage discharge port 12. Although both air supply holes 15a and 15b are provided, only one may be provided. At the time of garbage disposal, by providing a feeder for supplying air from at least one of the bottom of the fermentation tank and the surroundings to the lower part of the fermentation tank, the air is quickly swept up in the space of the garbage 22 pushed up by the rotation of the blades. It spreads efficiently, can complete fermentation in a short time, and furthermore, by providing a compost storage tank, prevents a decrease in the temperature in the fermentation treatment tank, and performs denitrification of compost, and has good environmental properties and high quality. Good compost can be obtained. As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a garbage processing apparatus capable of supplying sufficient oxygen to aerobic fermentative bacteria and performing good primary fermentation. it can. In addition, it is possible to obtain a garbage disposal apparatus that can sufficiently denitrify compost after the primary fermentation is completed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional front view of a food waste treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Description of Signs] 1 ... garbage disposal device, 2 ... fermentation treatment tank, 3 ... garbage input port, 4 ... exhaust fan, 5 ... exhaust cylinder, 6 ... compost moving door, 7
... compost storage tank, 8 ... stirring cylinder, 8a ... crushing hole, 9 ... stirring blade, 10 ... stirring screw conveyor, 11 ... support arm, 12 ... garbage discharge port, 13 ... bearing, 14 ... compost transfer Mouth, 15a: Air supply holes a, 15b: Air supply holes b, 16: Air supply source, 17: Stand, 18: Drive mode
19, orthogonal shaft reducer, 20: planetary gear reducer, 21
a: low-speed output shaft, 21b: high-speed output shaft, 22: garbage,
23: Linear motor

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Akemi Miyashita 2-28-4 Shinto Higashi, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki Pref.Nichichi Techno Engineering Co., Ltd. Tsuchiura Works (72) Inventor Mutsumasa Fujii Juritsu-Higashi, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki 2-28-4, Hitachi Tsuchiura Engineering Co., Ltd. Tsuchiura Works (72) Inventor Minoru Kubozawa 4-13-17 Nakagawa, Adachi-ku, Tokyo Inside Technocreate Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-8- 112583 (JP, A) Japanese Utility Model Showa 51-106777 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B09B 3/00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] Claims 1. A powder is placed inside a fermentation tank into which garbage is charged.
A stirrer having a hole for crushing, and a stirrer provided below the stirrer.
The garbage that has been deposited at the bottom of the fermentation tank
A scraping blade that is raked, provided in the stirring cylinder,
The garbage scraped by the scraping blades is moved upward in the stirring cylinder.
While being raised, pulverize in the pulverization hole and pulverize the pulverization hole and
Dispersed and dropped from the upper end opening of the stirring cylinder to the lower part of the fermentation treatment tank
With a stirring screw conveyor
Garbage processing equipment Supply air to the crushed garbage in the fermentation tank
The feeder is at least one of the bottom and the periphery of the fermentation treatment tank.
Established in the Secondary fermentation of compost after primary fermentation in the fermentation tank
Compost storage tank that performs the fermentation treatment tank through a one-way door
A garbage disposal device, which is disposed adjacent to a garbage disposal device.