KR100394084B1 - Composting treatment facility and method for food waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composting device and method of food waste, and to remove some of the organic components in the food waste by using the decomposition and proliferation of aerobic microorganisms, food waste by utilizing the biological energy generated as a by-product of this decomposition process Apparatus and method for composting food waste designed to produce organic compost that can evaporate moisture, perform sterilization of pathogens, minimize loss of nutrients such as nitrogen contained in food waste, and supply essential nutrients for crop growth It is intended to provide.

Description

Composting treatment facility and method for food waste

The present invention relates to a composting apparatus and method of food waste produced by using organic fertilizer which can be used to grow crops by treating food waste in aerobic method, and more particularly, organic food in food waste generated in a group food service or food service establishment. Some components are removed by the decomposition and proliferation of aerobic microorganisms, and biological energy generated as a by-product of this decomposition process is used to evaporate water in food waste, sterilize pathogens, and contain food waste in food waste. The present invention relates to a composting device and method for food waste designed to produce organic compost that can supply nutrients essential for crop growth by minimizing loss of nutrients such as nitrogen.

In recent years, the amount of garbage to be disposed of and disposed of has rapidly increased due to population growth and improvement of living standards.

However, with the end of the use of landfills such as Nanjido, the land to be used as landfills is absolutely insufficient, and it will be more difficult to secure landfills in the future.

Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a method of recycling food waste for the purpose of extending the life of landfills currently secured and recovering the maximum available resources from food waste.

Waste treatment methods include physical methods such as compaction, grinding and screening, chemical methods such as incineration and pyrolysis, and biological methods such as composting and anaerobic digestion.

In recent years, all wastes generated by the above methods have been planned to be disposed of by incineration, but this has hindered the implementation of incineration facilities by neighboring residents.

In the case of waste incineration, problems such as excessive use of auxiliary materials due to low calorific value and air pollution occur, and the calorific value of the waste is changed by the moisture content and ash content, and especially the high moisture content reduces the calorific value. It also leads to an increase in the amount of exhaust gas.

In recognition of the urgent need for food waste disposal measures, in March 1993, food waste recycling promotion measures were established, and in May 1994, food waste management measures were established to reach local governments. The basic policy is to reduce and source compost from sources, and to build a compostable by-product collection and supply system.

Therefore, the present invention is to solve the problems associated with food waste and food waste disposal problems,

1) enabling the production of more stable organic fertilizers that can help reduce the amount of food waste generated as environmental pollutants and help crops grow;

2) to reduce the amount of environmental pollutants by treating food waste in batches so as to minimize the time spent in the unprocessed food waste in the environment;

3) To provide a composting device and method for food waste, which can produce organic fertilizer to help the growth of crops by using food waste as raw materials to increase the yield of crops and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers to enhance economic effects. The purpose is.

1 is a front view showing a composting device of food waste according to the present invention,

Figure 2 is a left side view showing the composting device of food waste according to the present invention,

3 is a plan view showing a composting device of food waste according to the present invention,

Figure 4 is a rear view showing a composting device of food waste in accordance with the present invention.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10: reactor 12: rotating shaft

14 mixing blade 16 power shaft

18: air supply shaft 20: heater

22: air supply 24: first air supply line

26: second air supply line 28: pedestal

30: support 32: static motor

34: belt 36a, 36b: air supply port

38: temperature sensor 40: heater sensor

42: inlet 44: outlet

46: gas outlet 48: automatic air inlet control valve

Composting device of the food waste of the present invention for achieving the above object:

The food waste inlet 42 and the gas outlet 46 are formed on the upper surface, the discharge port 44 of the composted food waste is formed on the back, a plurality of air supply holes for supplying air ( 36a) is formed, the upper surface portion of the reaction tank 10 is equipped with a temperature sensor 38 for detecting the internal temperature, and a heater sensor 40 for detecting the heater temperature; It is connected to the power unit shaft 16 and the air supply shaft 18 provided on both sides of the reaction tank 10 and the bearing is installed so as to be able to rotate forward and backward across the center of the reaction tank 10 and the air supply shaft 18 and A rotating shaft 12 having a plurality of air supply holes 36b communicating therewith; Mixing blades 14 having different lengths and staggeredly installed on surfaces of the rotating shaft 12; A forward and reverse motor 32 connected to the belt 34 to provide a rotational force to the power unit shaft 16 on one side of the reactor 10; Heaters 20 provided on both sides of the bottom of the reactor 10; A support 30 and a support 28 for supporting the reactor 10 and the heater 20; A first air supply line 24 connected to the air supply port 36a at the bottom of the reactor 10; An air supplier 22 connected to the first air supply line 24 as an air supply source and having an automatic air inlet control valve 48 at an outlet; The second air supply line 26 is connected between the air supplier 22 and the air supply shaft 18.

Food waste composting method of the present invention for achieving the above object is:

Injecting the food waste into the reaction tank 10 of the composting device, adding a water regulator such as sawdust and return compost, and a microbial vitalizer (Bio-Compo) for improving the vitality of the composting microorganisms; A step of uniformly mixing the introduced food waste, the moisture control agent, and the microorganism vitality agent by the mixing blade 14 rotating together with the rotary shaft 12 in the reaction tank 10 by driving the stationary motor 32; While supplying air from the air supply 22 for supplying air to the air supply port 36a formed on the bottom surface of the reactor 10 and the air supply port 36b formed on the surface of the rotating shaft 12, the reactor is operated at a low temperature such as in winter. 10) By operating the bottom heater 20 in the early stage of decomposition, the organic components of the food waste are decomposed by aerobic microorganisms and the temperature in the reaction tank 10 is increased by the amount of heat generated as a by-product of decomposition to evaporate moisture. Composting is promoted by the effect of thermal decomposition of the workpiece due to high temperature to composting; Characterized in that the step of discharging the food waste through the decomposition process through the outlet 44 of the reaction tank (10).

In a preferred embodiment, the step of discharging the water and gas generated from the food waste during the composting process in the reactor 10 through the gas outlet 46 of the upper portion of the reactor.

Herein, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 to 4 are views showing the composting device 100 of the food waste according to the present invention, 10 is a reactor.

The reaction vessel 10 is formed in a closed space of a drum type, the food waste inlet 42 is formed on the upper surface, the discharge port 44 of the composted food waste is formed on the back, the bottom is Supported by the support 30, the support 30 is formed integrally on the upper surface of the pedestal 28 to be installed on the bottom surface of the installation space.

In particular, the inside of the reaction vessel 10 is provided with a rotating shaft 12 traversed in the longitudinal direction rotatably, one end of the rotating shaft 12 is bearing fastened to the power unit shaft 16, the opposite side of the rotating shaft 12 At the end, the air supply shaft 18 and the bearing are engaged.

The pedestal 28 is provided with a drive means such as a stationary motor 32, the drive shaft of the drive means is connected to the power unit shaft 16 and the belt 34 connected to one end of the rotary shaft 12.

In addition, a plurality of air inlets 36a are formed on the surface of the rotary shaft 12 at equal intervals, and the air inlets 36a communicate with the air supply shaft 18.

In addition, the mixing blades 14 having different lengths are alternately provided on the surface of the rotating shaft 12.

On both sides of the bottom of the reaction tank 10 is provided with a heater 20 to heat the inside, and the upper surface of the reaction tank 10 of the temperature sensor 38 and the heater for sensing the temperature inside the reaction tank 10 Heater sensor 40 for sensing the temperature is installed, the gas outlet 46 is formed next to it.

At this time, a plurality of air supply holes 36a are formed on the bottom surface of the reactor 10, and the air supply holes 36a are connected to an air supply 22 that is an air supply source. This is connected, and also connected to the second air supply line 26 between the air supply 22 and the air supply shaft 18.

In particular, the supply air supply 22 is provided with an automatic air input control valve 48 for controlling the air supply to the first air supply line 24 and the second air supply line 26.

On the other hand, the following table shows the use model of the stationary motor 32 and the air supply 22 applied to the present invention.

device Print Revolutions efficiency Volume Tank capacity pressure Three Phase Induction Motor 2HP 1710 rpm 78% - - - Air supply 2HP - - 113 L / min 25L 8kg / cm ²

Herein, a method for composting food waste using the food waste composting device of the present invention having the above structure will be described.

For the first time, food waste is introduced into the inlet 42 of the reaction tank 10, together with food waste, moisture control agents such as sawdust and return compost, and microbial vitalizers for enhancing the vitality of composted microorganisms (Bio-Compo). By inputting, the rotary shaft 12 and the mixing blade 14 is rotated by the rotational drive of the stationary motor 32, which is the driving means, to mix the processed object.

More specifically, in the composting device of the present invention, a mixture of food waste as compostable material, sawdust or return compost as a moisture control agent, and a small amount of microbial vitality (Bio-Compo) is introduced.

Most of the food waste is 75 to 80% water content is present in a state difficult to secure the necessary voids for composting, the composting device according to the present invention by mixing sawdust or return compost in the food waste water content is about 65% Phosphorus mixture is introduced and entered.

On the other hand, the moisture control agent is mainly used for sawdust or return compost, but considering the local characteristics and economic conditions may be used leaves and waste box paper, but the efficiency can be slightly different, the produced compost In the case of returning, it is possible to promote the composting of the treated object by the residual microorganisms contained in the returning compost and also to reduce the use of the moisture control agent because it also performs the function of moisture control. It is composed of ingredients to improve the growth and activity of aerobic soil microorganisms such as Bacillus species in the treatment and composting process. In general, Bacillus is a microbial species naturally occurring in soil. It is known as a microbial species that has excellent viability even under adverse conditions, and is excellent in organic decomposition and denitrification. Currently, food waste has a pH of 4-6. It is known to be very low compared to other wastes in the range of, and the salt concentration is also known to be very high, the average microorganisms are known to be significantly reduced viability and activity at this low range pH and high salt concentration. However, Bacillus species, including microbial activators, are highly active in the decomposition and denitrification of organic substances even under such low pH ranges and high salt concentrations. It contains abundant minerals such as Mg and Ca, which are essential for soil microorganisms to grow and work well, and are mixed with low quality, compost, foliar and cultured Bacillus species in appropriate proportions and dried.

Next, the air supply port 36a and the rotary shaft 12 of the reaction tank 10 are connected from the air supply 22 via the first air supply line 24 and the second air supply line 26. Air is injected into the air supply port 36b, and the reaction tank 10 is heated by the operation of the heater 20. As a result of the treatment of the aerobic microorganisms, air is injected into the reaction tank of the composting device. The organic components are decomposed and the temperature in the reactor is increased by the heat generated as a by-product of decomposition, thereby evaporating moisture. In addition, the thermal decomposition of the workpiece is promoted by the heating high temperature of the heater, and the step of composting is performed.

Finally, the composted food waste as described above is discharged through the discharge port 44, and stayed until the appropriate time until the use or sale time or the return time is changed to a more stable and easier to use crops.

Hereinafter, each step of the composting method of the present invention will be described in more detail.

When food waste is put into the reactor 10, a power unit such as a stationary motor 32 is operated to provide a powerful rotational force to the mixing blade 14, while crushing the food waste mass in the reactor 10, Moisture control agent is widely attached to the surface of the food waste by the air injection of the air supply 22, and about 3 to 5 minutes so that the object to be treated has an equal water content by the rotational force of the mixing blade 14 Mixing will be performed over.

The mixing blade 14 rotates at an initial speed of about 57 rpm for 24 hours, and then adjusts the rotational speed at 30 rpm until composting is completed, and wings of different sizes are disposed at the intersections, so that the phenomenon of the treatment of the workpiece is increased. Prevented.

In addition, the rotational direction of the mixing blade 14 is designed to be changed every 10 minutes by changing the rotational direction of the stationary motor 32, so that the smooth mixing of the workpiece and the workpiece in one direction in the reaction tank In order to prevent deposition, the mixing blade 14 has a rest period of about 7 minutes after the rotation in both directions for 10 minutes.

The mixed material is entered into the fermentation process by aerobic microorganisms, which is also performed by the rotation of the mixing blade 14 used for mixing food waste and moisture control agent.

This process is performed for about 7 days at this time, the to-be-processed material is gradually stabilized as organic matter is decomposed and fermented by aerobic microorganisms, and the air injected through the air inlet 36a at the bottom of the reaction tank 10 is in the air tank. In the main body through the air supply in the lower portion is diffused into the object to be processed through the contact of organic matter and microorganisms to perform the decomposition and compost formation of the object.

In other words, by allowing the injected air to diffuse from the downward direction to the upper direction, the contact time with the workpiece is maximized, and the contact between the workpiece and the air is made smoother.

In order to prevent clogging of the air inlets 36a and 36b, air is alternately introduced into the first air supply line 24 and the second air supply line 26 of the air supply shaft 18 under the composting device. This is done by an automatic air inlet control valve 48 installed in the air supply 22.

At this time, the gases generated in the decomposition process is naturally discharged into the atmosphere through the gas outlet 46, thereby reducing the loss of power consumed during forced discharge, and the air supply 22 is composting device 100 It is installed on the outside and easy to manage.

Here, the chemical reaction occurring in the reaction tank of the composting device is expressed as follows.

At this time, when heat and gas are generated as by-products of the decomposition by microorganisms, the generated heat increases the temperature of the composting device 100 to promote the decomposition reaction and to evaporate the moisture of the to-be-processed object, but the excessive temperature rise causes a negative effect. However, in the composting device according to the present invention, cooling is performed by the rotation of the mixing blade 14, so that excessive temperature rise does not occur.

In addition, when the winter temperature or the external temperature is low, the reaction temperature can be advanced after raising the internal temperature of the reaction tank 10 of the composting device to a predetermined level by the heater 20 installed at the lower end of the composting device 100. Increasing the internal temperature of the reaction tank 10 to a certain level may be possible because the heater sensor 40 connected to the heater 20 is mounted in the composting device.

In addition, the temperature sensor 38 is installed on the top surface of the composting device 100 to observe the temperature inside the composting device 100.

Accordingly, the reaction to be processed is discharged through the discharge port 44 installed in the lower back of the reaction tank 10 of the composting device, the compost discharged through the discharge port 44 is decomposed by aerobic microorganisms in the composting device and Through the proliferation process, most of the processed materials are converted into a stable state, which is converted to a state where little odor is generated, and the content of organic matter is reduced, so that the pollution is reduced. There is little risk of secondary contamination. After the treatment has been discharged, certain ripening periods are required for more complete fermentation.

In the composting device for food waste according to the present invention, it is preferable to add and treat the processed materials corresponding to 75% or less of the total capacity for smooth mixing of the processed materials.

On the other hand, the operation of the composting device in connection with the treatment method for the present invention is to increase the amount of use of the compost as a moisture control agent to achieve the purpose of reducing the amount of the object to be generated in terms of reducing environmental pollution.

According to the composting device and method of the food waste of the present invention as described above, first, the labor associated with the treatment by using a structure that automatically mixes the object to be treated with the water control agent and the microbial vitalizer (Bio-Compo) at a constant ratio Operation is stable because the water content required for composting can be reduced and the composting can be kept constant. Second, if only the initial operation is properly performed, the temperature inside the device does not fall specially, and the high temperature can always be maintained by the heat generated by the decomposition of microorganisms. It is economical because it can show sufficient treatment efficiency by keeping warm even without special heating device in the winter. Third, use of oxygen for the decomposition and multiplication of microorganisms by maximizing the contact area by intersecting the transport direction of the object and air flow. Fourth, the moisture and evaporated by the heat of reaction By releasing the odor and corrosive gas generated during the reaction naturally, the power loss is reduced and the forced discharge is used to reduce the heat loss generated. Fifth, the cost is reduced compared to the composting device composed of several reactors as a single reactor. Operation is easy. Sixth, simple and short treatment process can solve environmental pollution problem and recycle waste.

Claims (6)

The food waste inlet 42 and the gas outlet 46 are formed on the upper surface, the discharge port 44 of the composted food waste is formed on the back, a plurality of air supply holes for supplying air ( 36a) is formed, and a reaction tank 10 equipped with a temperature sensor 38 for detecting an internal temperature and a heater sensor 40 for detecting a heater temperature on a predetermined portion of the upper surface; It is connected to the power unit shaft 16 and the air supply shaft 18 provided on both sides of the reaction tank 10 and the bearing is installed so as to be able to rotate forward and backward across the center of the reaction tank 10 and the air supply shaft 18 and A rotating shaft 12 having a plurality of air supply holes 36b communicating therebetween at equal intervals; Mixing blades 14 having different lengths and staggeredly installed on surfaces of the rotating shaft 12; A forward and reverse motor 32 connected to the belt 34 to provide a rotational force to the power unit shaft 16 on one side of the reactor 10; Heaters 20 provided on both sides of the bottom of the reactor 10; A support 30 and a support 28 for supporting the reactor 10 and the heater 20; A first air supply line 24 connected to the air supply port 36a at the bottom of the reactor 10; An air supplier 22 connected to the first air supply line 24 as an air supply source and having an automatic air inlet control valve 48 at an outlet; Composting device for food waste, characterized in that consisting of a second air supply line (26) connected between the air supply (22) and the air supply shaft (18). delete delete delete Put food waste into the reactor of the composting device, and mix and mix water-controlling agents such as sawdust and return compost with bio-Compo to improve the vitality of the composting microorganisms, but the water content of the mixture is 65% Mixing food waste and sawdust as 100: 29 as much as possible, and adding the returned compost and microbial activator to 1 kg and 200 g, respectively, when the combined food waste and sawdust are 50 kg; A step of rotating the rotating shaft in the reaction tank by driving the driving means and mixing the food waste, the moisture control agent, and the microorganism vitality uniformly by the mixing blade mounted on the rotating shaft; By supplying air from the air supply means to the air supply port formed on the bottom of the reaction vessel and the air supply hole formed on the surface of the rotating shaft and operating a heater on the bottom of the reaction vessel, the organic components of food waste are decomposed, but the organic substances of proteins, carbohydrates and fats Is decomposed by various soil microorganisms grown using oxygen and the microorganism activator, the protein is an amino acid, carbohydrate is a monosaccharide such as glucose, fat is broken down into fatty acids, some are used by microorganisms and the rest With the reaction remaining as a residue, the temperature in the reactor is increased by the amount of heat generated as a by-product of decomposition to evaporate moisture, and the decomposition is promoted by the thermal decomposition effect of the workpiece due to the high temperature to compost. Wow; Discharging the water and the gas generated from the food waste during the composting process in the reactor through the gas outlet above the reactor; Composting food waste composted by the step of discharging the food waste through the outlet of the reaction tank. delete