JPH1099835A - Garbage treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To do crushing and fermentation efficiently and to reduce running costs by installing a change gear which can obtain two concentric outputs by one input and connecting a low speed output shaft out of two output shafts of the change gear with a scraping blade and high speed output shaft with an agitating screw conveyer. SOLUTION: When a driving motor 22 is actuated, since a low speed output shaft 24a out of two output shafts of an epicyclic gear speed reducer 24 is connected with the driving shaft of a scraping blade 9 and a high speed output shaft 24b is connected to an agitating screw conveyer 10, garbage GG in a fermentation tank 2 is scraped up to the lower end of an agitation cylinder 8 by the scrape-up blade 9 and transferred upward in the cylinder 8 by the blade 9. In this process, large-sized garbage is cut and crushed by saw teeth attached to the inlet of the cylinder 8 and shear-crushed by passing through a crushing hole 8a to be dropped on the garbage GG. On this occasion, since the temperature in the fermentation tank 2 is elevated, water in the garbage GG is evaporated efficiently.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a garbage processing apparatus for composting garbage such as food processing waste and garbage by fermentation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a garbage processing apparatus for fermenting garbage and composting, an open bottom of a container is buried in the ground, fermentation bacteria are added, garbage is stored, and fermentation is performed by the bacteria. Various types are known, from what is called a household compost to be processed, to a large-scale industrial garbage processing apparatus equipped with a crusher and a fermenter.

However, the conventional garbage processing apparatus cannot be applied to the former where the processing capacity is small and the processing time is long, and a large amount of garbage is generated. If the fermentation equipment is provided separately, the equipment becomes large and the equipment cost becomes too high. Therefore, it has been proposed to provide a crushing means and a stirring means for fermentation in the same tank.

As a garbage disposal apparatus of this kind, in which both means of pulverization and stirring are provided in the same tank, there is a "garbage disposal apparatus" disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-64663.

[0005] The structure is such that a stirring tube having a crushing hole formed therein and a garbage accumulated at a lower portion of the fermentation treatment tank are provided in the stirring tube. The scraper blades which are scraped by the rotation and the garbage provided in the stirring cylinder and crushed by the scraping blades are crushed by the crushing holes while being raised in the stirring tube, and the garbage is crushed by the crushing holes and the stirring tube. It has a stirring device consisting of a stirring screw conveyor which is dispersed and dropped from the upper end opening to the lower part of the fermentation treatment tank. In some cases, the inlet of the stirring cylinder has a saw-toothed inlet portion in order to pulverize the garbage scraped by the scraper blades.

[0006] The garbage is pulverized by a stirring cylinder, and fermentation proceeds as it repeats being dispersed and dropped from the pulverizing hole and the upper end opening of the stirring cylinder to become compost.

[0007]

The scraping blade provided at the lower part of the above-mentioned fermentation treatment tank is provided with a large-sized garbage fed by rotating the garbage up and down by rotation. It is provided for collecting at the lower part of the processing tank, and the required power is determined by the inner diameter of the tank, the height, density, rotation speed, and the like of the fermentation raw material (garbage) in the tank. On the other hand, the stirring screw conveyor is configured to pulverize the garbage scraped by the scraping blades in the pulverizing hole while ascending the inside of the agitating cylinder and crush the garbage from the upper end opening of the pulverizing hole or the agitating cylinder to the lower part of the fermentation treatment tank. The power is determined by the size, strength and amount of garbage.

In the prior art, since the apparatus is operated on the same drive shaft for simplification of the apparatus, both the scraping blade and the stirring screw conveyor are not driven at the optimum rotational speed.
There is a problem that an excessive power source is selected and the running cost is increased.

The fermentation tank contains an appropriate amount of a fermentation promoting material in which fermentation microorganisms are planted in the composted garbage left undischarged from the discharge port. Stir together and grind to compost, but in the case of garbage with a lot of viscous carbohydrates, dumpling-like solids (mass) gradually grow due to the vertical movement of the garbage due to the swirling motion of the blades, It was confirmed that a large number of solids that did not enter the air were generated. In addition, it was confirmed that this solid substance was generated when the number of rotations of the scraping blade was 100 rpm or more.

[0010] Therefore, an object of the present invention is that even if only one power source is used, the blades and the stirring screw conveyor can be driven at an optimum rotational speed according to their respective functions, so that pulverization and fermentation are performed efficiently. Another object of the present invention is to provide a garbage disposal apparatus that can reduce running costs.

Further, another object of the present invention is to prevent the fed garbage from being reliably pulverized without the formation of dumpling-like solids in the fermentation tank due to the rotational movement of the swirling blades. It is to provide a refuse treatment device.

[0012]

A feature of the present invention that achieves the above object is that the inside of a fermentation treatment tank into which garbage is charged is provided.
A stirrer provided with a crushing hole, a scraper blade for scraping garbage accumulated in the lower part of the fermentation treatment tank into the stirrer, and a scraper provided in the stirrer. A stirring screw that pulverizes garbage in the pulverizing hole while ascending the inside of the agitating cylinder and disperses the garbage into the lower part of the fermentation tank from the pulverizing hole and the upper end opening of the agitating cylinder.
In a garbage disposal apparatus having a stirrer comprising a conveyor, a transmission is provided that can provide two concentric outputs with one input, the input shaft of which is connected to a drive shaft of a drive source, and two output shafts of the transmission. The low-speed output shaft is connected to the scraping blade, and the high-speed output shaft is connected to the stirring screw conveyor.

[0013] With the above structure, the stirring screw conveyor rotates at a high speed and the garbage is crushed, and the garbage is dispersed and dropped to the lower part of the fermentation treatment tank from the crushing hole and the upper end opening of the stirring cylinder, and is sufficiently exposed to air. Upon contact, the water evaporates.
The rotating motion of the wings that rakes the garbage to the lower entrance of the stirring cylinder is not only used for transporting the garbage on the stirring screw conveyor, but also because the low-speed rotation moves the garbage up and down, large garbage with high density can be selected. The powder is immediately moved to the inlet of the stirrer and the pulverization in the stirrer is advanced. On the other hand, small and low-density garbage can be slowly swept up, thereby promoting fermentation. The temperature inside the fermenter rises due to the heat generated by the fermentation, and the fermentation proceeds at an accelerated rate.

As described above, in the process of dispersing and dropping garbage from the opening at the top of the stirring cylinder to the fermentation treatment tank, sufficient stirring, pulverization, and evaporation of water are performed to obtain optimal fermentation treatment conditions by microorganisms. The fermentation process is performed efficiently.

Since only one drive source is required, the configuration is simple and the equipment cost and running cost can be reduced.

[0016] In addition, since the rotating motion of the scraper blades is low, the vertical movement of the garbage, especially when it is dropped, is prevented from being combined with the surrounding small lump to form a dumpling, and the garbage enters the stirring cylinder. It becomes easy to be crushed and composted.

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a vertical section of a garbage processing apparatus 1 according to the present invention. 2 is a fermentation treatment tank, 3
Is the garbage input. Although not shown, there is a garbage input device including a charging machine and a charging screw conveyor at the garbage input port 3, and the garbage is automatically input. The dosing machine is provided with a vibrating feeder at the lower end of the hopper so that the garbage thrown into the hopper is separated into solids and the solids are dropped to the lower end of the screwing screw conveyor. The upper end of the screw screw conveyor faces the garbage inlet 3 of the fermentation tank 2.

The fermentation tank 2 has an exhaust fan 4 and an exhaust pipe 5 at an upper part, and a discharge port 7 for composted garbage which can be opened and closed by a lid 6 at a lower part. The inside is provided with a stirring cylinder 8, a scraping blade 9 and a stirring screw conveyor 10. The upper and lower ends of the stirring tube 8 are open, the upper end is supported by a support arm 11, and the lower end is saw-toothed. A plurality of crushing holes 8a are formed in the center. The stirring screw conveyor 10 is located in the stirring tube 8, and the upper end thereof passes through the upper opening of the stirring tube 8 and supports the arm 1.
1 is supported by a bearing 12, and the lower end passes through the lower opening of the stirring cylinder 8 and penetrates the bottom of the fermentation treatment tank 2. The driving blade of the scraping blade 9 penetrates the bottom of the fermentation tank 2 like the stirring screw conveyor 10, and is rotatably provided near the bottom of the fermentation tank 2 and the lower opening of the stirring cylinder 8. Have been.

Reference numeral 21 denotes a mount for the fermentation treatment tank 2, which incorporates a drive motor 22, an orthogonal shaft speed reducer 23, and a planetary gear speed reducer (a transmission capable of obtaining two concentric outputs with one input) 24. The input shaft of the planetary gear reducer 24 is connected to the orthogonal shaft reducer 23, and the low-speed output shaft (carrier shaft) 24a located outside of the two output shafts is connected to the drive shaft of the scraper blade 9, An inner high-speed output shaft 24 b integral with the input shaft is connected to the stirring screw conveyor 10. A sun gear 24c is fixed to the high-speed output shaft 24b, and a planetary gear 24f is meshed between the internal gear 24e of the casing 24d and the sun gear 24c. The low-speed output shaft (carrier shaft) 24a is connected to the planetary gear 24f. It is rotatably connected via a bearing 24g. Therefore, since the planetary gear 24f revolves while rotating between the internal gear 24e and the sun gear 24c, even if the high-speed output shaft 24b rotates fast, the rotational speed at which the revolution revolves slowly is reduced to the low-speed output shaft (carrier shaft) 24a.
And the blade 9 also slowly rotates.

The low-speed output shaft (carrier shaft) or the space between the bottom plate of the fermentation tank 2 and the low-speed output shaft (carrier shaft) 24a.
Sealing means is provided between the high-speed output shaft 24b and the high-speed output shaft 24b, but is not shown for simplification of the drawing.

The fermentation treatment tank 2 contains an appropriate amount of a fermentation promoting material in which fermentation microorganisms have been seeded in advance. This fermentation promoting material is the composted garbage left without being discharged from the discharge port 7.

Hopper of garbage dispenser not shown
When the garbage is put into the garbage, the garbage is separated while being vibrated by the vibrating feeder of the dosing machine and separated into solids. Moisture is drained from the lower end of the screw conveyor. Since the charging screw conveyor is arranged in an inclined state, dewatering is efficiently performed during transportation, and the water content is reduced to about 30 to 40% before reaching the garbage input port 3 of the fermentation treatment tank 2. Is reduced.

The garbage supplied to the fermentation tank 2 from the garbage input port 3 of the fermentation tank 2 is swept through the planetary gear reducer 24 when the drive motor 22 is activated. 9 and the stirring screw conveyor 10 rotate, and the garbage GG accumulated in the fermentation treatment tank 2 is swept by the blades 9
, And is conveyed upward in the stirring cylinder 8 by the stirring screw conveyor 10. in this case,
The garbage moves up and down due to the slow rotation of the scraper blades 9, and at this time, large and high-density garbage sinks to the bottom of the fermentation tank 2 earlier than small and low-density garbage, so that it is optional. Is immediately moved to the inlet of the stirring tube 8. The large-sized garbage is cut and crushed by a saw blade provided at the entrance of the stirring cylinder 8, further conveyed upward in the stirring cylinder 8, sheared and crushed by passing through the crushing hole 8 a, and crushed into a fermentation tank 2. Falls on the garbage GG that is piled up on the garbage.

Even if the garbage contains a large amount of carbohydrates, the scraper blades 9 rotate slowly, so that the garbage can be prevented from moving up and down, especially when the garbage is combined with small surrounding lumps to form dumplings. It is not enlarged. Small and small-density garbage moves slowly to the entrance of the stirring cylinder 8 with time by slowly rotating the scraping blade 9 and sufficiently touches the air at the time of falling, and further vibrates due to the rotation of the scraping blade 9 Fermentation proceeds by the action of aerobic fermenting microorganisms by contacting the air with (stirring).

When falling onto the garbage GG accumulated in the fermentation tank 2 from the crushing hole 8a or the upper end of the stirring cylinder 8,
Water evaporates from the garbage. The garbage increases the surface area with respect to the volume by the pulverization, and the temperature increases due to the heat generated by the fermentation in the fermentation treatment tank 2, so that the evaporation of the water proceeds efficiently.

After feeding the garbage into the fermentation tank 2, the blade 9 is scraped for a certain period of time (about 2 to 5 hours depending on the components of the garbage).
Then, the stirring screw conveyor 10 is operated. The garbage GG deposited in the fermentation treatment tank 2 repeatedly rises and falls repeatedly, so that the garbage undergoes sufficient crushing, stirring, and evaporation of moisture, and the moisture, enzyme concentration, and size are appropriately adjusted. In addition, optimal fermentation conditions by microorganisms are obtained, and the fermentation treatment is performed efficiently. The treated garbage that has been fermented and composted is collected at predetermined intervals (1 according to the apparatus of the present embodiment).
(About once or twice a month) from the outlet 7 to the outside of the fermentation tank 2.

In the apparatus of the above embodiment, the number of rotations of the scraper blades was reduced by half, and about 30 kg of garbage was put in each day, and the operation was repeated for about 4 hours after being put in for 1 month. The residual amount is about 10% or less of the input amount, and there is no generation of offensive odor or solid matter (lump), and it can be confirmed that the processing capacity is dramatically increased as compared with the conventional garbage processing apparatus. Was.

Although only one drive motor 22 is used as the drive source, the scraping blade 9 and the stirring screw conveyor 10 can be driven at desired optimum speeds, respectively, and their functions can be effectively exhibited. it can.

Also, the equipment is simple and the equipment cost is low, and the pulverization-fermentation-composting is efficiently performed, so that no running cost is required.

In the above embodiment, the planetary gear reducer is used as the transmission that can obtain two outputs concentrically with one input. However, the planetary gear reducer has a small reduction gear and a transmission power / volume ratio. There are advantages such as being large.

The transmission may be a parallel two-shaft speed reducer as shown in FIG. In the figure, reference numeral 20 denotes a driving motor 2
Input shaft driven by 2, 24h is the first of two-stage deceleration
A reduction gear, 24j is a second reduction gear, and 25 is an intermediate shaft. This transmission also provides two concentric outputs of a low-speed output shaft (carrier shaft) 24a and a high-speed output shaft 24b with one input.

[0032]

As described above, according to the present invention, even if only one power source is used, the blades and the stirring screw conveyor can be driven at the optimum rotational speed according to each function, and the crushing and fermentation can be performed. A garbage disposal device that can be efficiently performed and that can reduce running costs can be obtained.

Further, according to the present invention, the dumpling-like solids do not grow in the fermentation tank due to the rotational movement of the swirling blades, and the supplied garbage can be surely pulverized into compost. A possible garbage disposal device can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional front view of a garbage processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example in which a parallel two-axis speed reducer is used in a transmission as another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Treatment apparatus, 2 ... Fermentation treatment tank, 3 ... Garbage input port, 4 ... Exhaust fan, 5 ... Exhaust pipe, 6 ...
..Lid, 7 ... Discharge port, 8 ... Stirring cylinder, 8a ...
Holes for crushing, 9: scraping blades, 10: stirring screw conveyor, 11: support arm, 12: bearing, 21: gantry, 22: drive motor , 23 ...
・ Orthogonal shaft reducer, 24 ... planetary gear reducer, 24a
..Low-speed output shaft (carrier shaft), 24b: high-speed output shaft, 24c: Taiyo gear, 24d: casing,
24e: internal gear, 24f: planetary gear, 24g
··bearing

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Mutsumasa Fujii 2-28-4 Shinto Higashi, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki Pref.Hitachi Techno Engineering Co., Ltd. 28-4 Hitachi Techno Engineering Co., Ltd. Tsuchiura Works (72) Inventor Minoru Kubozawa 4-17-17 Nakagawa, Adachi-ku, Tokyo Inside Techno Create Co., Ltd.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A fermentation tank into which garbage is charged,
A stirring cylinder having a crushing hole formed therein, a scraping blade for scraping garbage accumulated in the lower part of the fermentation treatment tank in the stirring cylinder, and a scraping blade provided in the stirring cylinder. A stirrer comprising a stirring screw conveyor that pulverizes the scraped garbage in the pulverizing hole while raising the inside of the stirring cylinder, and disperses and drops the pulverization hole and the lower end of the stirring cylinder to the lower part of the fermentation treatment tank. A garbage disposal device having a transmission having a single input and two concentric outputs, connecting an input shaft of the transmission with a drive shaft of a drive source, and outputting a low-speed output of two output shafts of the transmission. A garbage disposal apparatus, wherein a shaft is connected to the scraper blades, and a high-speed output shaft is connected to the stirring screw conveyor. 2. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transmission is one of a planetary gear reducer and a parallel shaft reducer that can obtain two concentric outputs with one input. Garbage disposal equipment.