JP3926550B2 - Aerobic fermentation treatment method of citrus waste or the citrus waste and teacup waste - Google Patents

Description

【００５８】
表１において、日数の欄は運転開始日からの経過日数を示し、４，５日及び１１〜１４日は休日を意味している。この休日の間は、前記柚子搾りかす及び醗酵助材の投入はないが、装置の運転は自動運転により継続されている。又、発酵槽内温度は、該発酵槽の前部（醗酵助材投入口寄り）と略中央部及び後部（排出口寄り）の温度を、廃棄物等の投入直前に棒状温度計を挿入して測定したものである。尚、運転初日の発酵槽内温度は、外気温１５℃と同程度の温度である。この槽内温度が上がれば醗酵反応が生じている事を意味し、最も温度が高い部分で最も醗酵反応が進行している事を意味している。
【００５９】
又、運転初日は、大量に投入した醗酵助材の中に、前記柚子搾りかすを投入して運転を開始した。翌日には醗酵槽内の温度が上昇し、柚子搾りかすの醗酵反応が進行している事が窺えたが、前記回転翼の回転のみでは、柚子搾りかすの破砕が進行しておらず、柚子搾りかすの形状は、投入した時の形状と大きな変化が認められなかったので、２日目からは、該柚子搾りかすを前記スクリュー式粉砕装置によって粉砕して、粉砕物として醗酵槽内に供給する様にした。３〜６日目は、柚子搾りかす及び醗酵助材の投入は行わず、前記送風と攪拌のみの自動運転のみを継続した。７日目は、醗酵槽中の柚子搾りかすの醗酵が進行し、相当量の減少が認められたので、柚子搾りかすと醗酵助材の投入を再開し、１０日迄この投入を継続した。尚、この７日目以降の柚子搾りかすの投入に当たり、該柚子搾りかすの前記スクリュー式粉砕装置による粉砕物は、ベト付いているので、これを同時に投入する醗酵助材の粉体に混ぜて、即ち、柚子搾りかすの粉砕物の表面に醗酵助材をまぶした状態で投入した。尚、１１〜１４日は、前記送風と攪拌のみの自動運転を継続した。この間の醗酵残渣の排出は認められなかった。
【００６０】
運転開始後１６日目からは装置の自動運転のみを継続したが、１８日目には、目視観察では、醗酵槽内に柚子搾りかすの残渣が認められなくなったので、この時点で装置の運転を停止し、内部の分解残渣を排出した処、殆ど全てが剪定枝から形成した醗酵助材の未分解物からなる醗酵残渣であった。即ち、総投入量約２００ｋｇの柚子搾りかすが、殆ど完全に消滅している事が確認された。又、醗酵残渣となった醗酵助材の量も、投入時に比べて醗酵分解が進行して相当量の減少が認められた（単純重量比較では、水分含有量が異なるため比較せず）。又、この醗酵残渣は、肥料として使用可能なものであるので、このまま畑に散布して全ての試験を終了した。
【００６１】
尚、装置運転中は、醗酵槽内には柚子の香りが多少漂っていたが腐食臭ではなく、不快感はないが、前記処理装置の排気ダクトのライン中に配置した活性炭による除臭を行った結果、外部への臭気漏れはなかった。又、処理中に醗酵槽内の被処理体混合物を手に取って見たが、全体的に湿気を帯びているものの手に付着する事はなく、手で強く握って塊状体を作ってみたが粒子間の付着力は極めて弱く、手を離すと直ぐにばらばらに分散してしまった。この事は、醗酵助材が柚子搾りかす中の水分を吸収して柚子搾りかすに適度の乾き度を与えると共に、柚子搾りかす粒子の凝集をも防止している事が分かる。
【００６２】
【参考例】
次に、茶殼廃棄物を用いた醗酵処理について説明する。茶殼廃棄物として、ウーロン茶飲料製造工場より排出されたウーロン茶の搾りかす（水分含有率約７１％）ドラム缶５本分（４８１ｋｇ）を、実施例１と同一の装置を用いて醗酵処理試験を行った。装置の運転開始に当たり、実施例１と同様に、予め剪定枝を前記スクリュー式粉砕装置で粉砕したもの約４００リットル（９１ｋｇ）を投入し、この中に前記ウーロン茶搾りかすを投入して運転を開始した。又、醗酵槽の間歇回転条件及び排気条件も、実施例１と同一条件とした。
【００６３】
醗酵助材としては、実施例１と同様に、工場敷地内で発生した剪定枝を無作為に前述のスクリュー式粉砕装置にて粉砕したものを用いた。好気性醗酵促進のための市販のバクテリアの類は一切添加していない点も実施例１と同様である。この運転条件及びその内部温度，湿度の状況を表２に示す。
【００６４】
【表２】

【００６５】
表２において、日数の欄は運転開始日からの経過日数を示し、数字の飛んでいる日（４，１１，１７，１８日）は、工場の休日を意味し、この休日の間は、ウーロン茶搾りかす及び醗酵助材の投入はないが、装置の運転は自動運転により継続されている。又、発酵槽内温度は、該発酵槽の前部（醗酵助材投入口寄り）と略中央部及び後部（排出口寄り）の温度を、廃棄物等の投入直前に棒状温度計を挿入して測定したものであり、同様に、発酵槽内湿度は、該発酵槽の前部，中央部及び後部に存在する醗酵槽内混合物をサンプリングして、その湿度（水分含有量）を測定した。尚、運転初日の発酵槽内温度は、外気温２６℃と同程度の温度である。この槽内温度が上がれば醗酵反応が生じている事を意味し、最も温度が高い部分で最も醗酵反応が進行している事を意味している事は前述の通りである。
【００６６】
又、運転初日は、大量に投入した醗酵助材の中に、前記ウーロン茶搾りかす５０ｋｇを投入して運転を開始した。尚、ウーロン茶搾りかすは、製造工場から送られてきたものを、前記スクリュー式粉砕装置を通す事なくそのまま投入している。運転開始の翌日には、醗酵槽内の前部温度が上昇し（この時点ではウーロン茶搾りかすは、醗酵槽内前部に偏在している）、ウーロン茶搾りかすの醗酵反応が進行している事が窺える。２日目以降も該ウーロン茶搾りかす５０ｋｇづつを投入して運転を行った。
【００６７】
２日目の内部温度分布は、前部から後部にかけて次第に温度が下がる傾向を示しているが、これは、主に醗酵反応が醗酵槽前部で生じている（ウーロン茶搾りかすが、未だに醗酵槽前部に偏在し、醗酵反応が主として前部で生じている）事を意味している。３日目になると、醗酵反応の中心は、醗酵槽中部に移行し、理想的な状態になっている。又、後部温度が外気温に近い程、醗酵反応が終了した残渣が後部に集まって来ている事を示している。そこで、後部温度が外気温に近くなった３日目から、サンプリングの意味を兼ねて前記醗酵槽の逆転による醗酵残渣の排出を開始した。３日目の醗酵槽残渣の排出量は２．８ｋｇであったが、目視の結果、この排出物の大部分は醗酵助材であった。尚、排出を開始した後の５日目と１０日目に少量の醗酵助材の追加供給を行った以外は、醗酵助材の追加供給は行っていない。又、運転開始後９〜１２日は、原料であるウーロン茶搾りかすの入荷量の関係で、ウーロン茶搾りかすの投入は行わず、運転のみを継続している。
【００６８】
運転は、極めて順調であり、運転開始後２０日目には、全ての生原料の投入が完了したので、ウーロン茶搾りかすの醗酵残渣を含む３，５，６日目の排出物の全量（２１．８ｋｇ）を再投入して運転を継続した。同様に、２１日目には、７〜９日目の排出物の全量（１６．２ｋｇ）を再投入し、２３日目には、１０，１２，１３日目の排出物の全量（１８．１ｋｇ）を再投入して運転を継続した。２４日目からは何も投入せず、自動運転のみを継続したが２７日目には、醗酵槽内の目視観察の結果、醗酵槽内にウーロン茶搾りかすの残渣が殆ど認められなくなったので、この時点で装置の運転を停止し、内部の分解残渣を排出した処、殆ど全てが剪定枝から形成した醗酵助材の未分解物からなる醗酵残渣であった。
【００６９】
上記試験によると、ウーロン茶搾りかす総投入量約４８１ｋｇに対し、総排出量は、醗酵助材の排出分を含めて７２ｋｇとなっている。尚、各排出物をウーロン茶搾りかすの残渣と醗酵助材の残渣とを選別した結果、ウーロン茶搾りかすの残渣の比率は８．６〜１２．７％であり、平均して約１０％と仮定すると、前記総排出量７２ｋｇ（水分量約３０％）中のウーロン茶搾りかす残渣は、約７．２ｋｇとなり、これはウーロン茶搾りかすの総投入量４８１ｋｇに対して約１．５％となり、超完全分解と言っても過言ではない。
【００７０】
又、装置運転中の臭気の問題は全くなく、処理中に醗酵槽内の被処理体混合物も、全体的に湿気を帯びているものの、実施例１の場合と同様に、手で強く握って塊状体を作ってみたが粒子間の付着力は極めて弱く、手を離すと直ぐにばらばらに分散してしまい、醗酵助材が、初期ウーロン茶搾りかす（水分量約７１％）中の水分を吸収してウーロン茶搾りかすに適度の乾き度を与えると共に、ウーロン茶搾りかす粒子の凝集をも防止している事を意味している。
【００７１】
以上の実施例及び参考例から明らかな様に、本発明の方法においては、一切の市販されている好気性バクテリアの類を添加する事なく、良好な好気性醗酵が維持されている。この事実は、醗酵助材や柑橘類廃棄物或いは茶殼廃棄物に付着している好気性醗酵菌或いは送風によって送り込まれた空気中の好気性醗酵菌が主体となって柑橘類廃棄物或いは茶殼廃棄物に作用し、該廃棄物を醗酵分解させたものと考えられる。
【００７２】
特に、「柚子搾りかす」或いは「ウーロン茶搾りかす」という単種の廃棄物のみを醗酵処理する方法についての従来法は存在しないが、上記実施例から明らかな様に、その環境に存在している各種好気性醗酵菌の内の柚子搾りかすやウーロン茶搾りかすの分解に適した菌群のみが増殖して、その醗酵分解を促進させている事からも、被処理材を柚子搾りかすに代えて蜜柑や八朔，かぼす，すだち等の他の柑橘類の廃棄物、或いは、緑茶や紅茶その他の茶殼廃棄物でも同様の効果が期待できる事は想像に難くない。
【００７３】
又、醗酵助材についても、剪定枝から形成した醗酵助材に代えて、腐葉土や腐植土の粉砕物、或いは籾殻，麦藁，稲藁，干し草，枯れ草或いは木箱の廃材や建築廃材等の廃木材を粉砕して得られた粉砕物を醗酵助材として用いても同様な効果が得られる事は種々の試験を通して確認されている。
【００７４】
又、上記実施例においては、醗酵助材と柚子搾りかす或いはウーロン茶搾りかすを別々に醗酵槽内に投入したり、柚子搾りかすの粉砕物に醗酵助材をまぶして投入しているが、前述の通り、これらを前記スクリュー粉砕装置に一緒に供給して、同時に粉砕する事により、スクリュー式粉砕装置内で両者を混合して一緒に投入する事も可能であり、要は、如何なる形態であれ、両者が醗酵槽内で共存する様にしておけばよい。
【００７５】
又、上記実施例及び参考例においては、柚子搾りかすとウーロン茶搾りかすを夫々独立して単体処理しているが、柑橘類ジュース工場と茶飲料製造工場とが近接している様な場合には、両者を一度に処理する事も、本発明の応用例として有望な処理法である。
【００７６】
以上の様に、本発明は、上記実施例に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲に記載した思想に基づく範囲において、種々の変形態様が存在する事はいうまでもない。
【００７７】
【発明の効果】
以上説明した通り、本発明によると、籾殻，稲藁，麦藁，枯れ草，干し草，剪定枝，廃木材，腐植土，腐葉土の群から選ばれた１種以上の補助材料を、加圧しつつ擦り潰しながら破砕及び粉砕して大気中に押し出す様にしてなるスクリュー式粉砕装置によって粉砕処理して得られた粉砕物を醗酵助材とし、これを各種柑橘類廃棄物の粉砕物或いは茶殼廃棄物に添加混合して好気性雰囲気を維持するだけで、これら廃棄物に好気性醗酵を生じさせる事ができるので、従来一般に使用されている特別な好気性バクテリアの添加が不要となる。従って、蜜柑ジュース工場やウーロン茶飲料水工場等で大量に発生するこれら柑橘類廃棄物や茶殼廃棄物の処理に要する費用が大幅に軽減される事になる。
【００７８】
又、上記実施例からも明らかな様に、柑橘類廃棄物や茶殼廃棄物を完全に消滅させる事が可能となるので、柑橘類廃棄物の従来法の如く係る廃棄物を畑に放置して自然腐敗による消滅を図る方式における環境上の問題や腐臭の問題が解消され、更に、土中に埋設する方式では土壌の酸性化の問題があったが、係る問題も解消されるのみならず、醗酵残渣を土壌に返してやれば、有効な肥料として作用する事になるので、一石二鳥の効果がある。有効な肥料となる点は、茶殼廃棄物においても同様である。
【００７９】
更に、従来の焼却処分する方式に比べると、廃棄物を焼却するために使用されていた燃料油の消費が不要となるので、炭酸ガス問題を含めた地球環境の好転化にも寄与する事が期待される。
【００８０】
又、特別な好気性バクテリアを使用していないので、醗酵残渣を肥料として使用する場合においても、該好気性バクテリアの畑や農作物に対する安全性を論ずる必要がなく、一般農家においても抵抗なく受け入れ易い利点を有している。
【００８１】
又、特別な好気性バクテリアを使用する場合には、そのバクテリアに最適な環境でなければならず、被処理物の種類や地域環境による特性が問題となる場合が多く、装置の運転条件に柔軟性を欠く場合が多いが、本発明では、その処理現場に生息している、即ち、その地域の環境に適した各種好気性醗酵菌を用いるものであるから、醗酵処理装置の運転条件は極めて柔軟であり、特殊な専門家や特殊な運転条件を必要としない点は、汎用性が要求されるこの種装置においては、大きなメリットである。この点は、前記実施例において、装置の運転条件として醗酵槽の回転速度と送風速度を設定し、単に、投入する柑橘類廃棄物或いは茶殼廃棄物や醗酵助材の量を被処理体混合物の水分量に応じて適宜調整するのみである事からも容易に理解されるであろう。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明に係る柑橘類廃棄物或いは茶殼廃棄物処理装置の一例を示す要部断面図である。
【図２】 図１のスクリュー式粉砕装置の要部断面図である。
【図３】 図２のイ−イ断面図である。
【図４】 図３の要部拡大概念図であり、スクリュー式粉砕装置における破砕，粉砕工程を示す概念図である。
【図５】 図１の醗酵槽内の状態を示す原料投入側から見た要部概念図である。
【図６】 図１の醗酵槽内の状態を示す醗酵残渣排出側から見た要部概念図である。
【図７】 図１の装置の運転条件の一例を示すタイムチャートであり、（Ａ）は、醗酵槽の間欠回転のタイムチャート、（Ｂ）は、強制排気の排気量の変化を示すタイムチャートである。
【図８】 図８は、腐葉土を上記スクリュー式粉砕装置を用いて粉砕処理した粉砕物と、粉砕前のものと対比した外観写真である。
【図９】 図９は、籾殻を上記スクリュー式粉砕装置を用いて粉砕処理した粉砕物と、粉砕前のものと対比した外観写真である。
【符号の説明】
Ａ 醗酵装置
Ｂ スクリュー式粉砕装置
１ 醗酵槽
１ａ 醗酵槽回転ドラム
２ 被処理体（原料）投入ホッパ
３ 残渣排出ダクト
４ ハウジング
５ａ 被処理体（原料）投入用開口
６ａ 醗酵残渣排出用開口
７ 給気口
８ 排気口
９ 排気ダクト
１０ 排気ファン
１５ 回転軸
１６ 攪拌翼
１７ 支持ローラ
４１ シリンダー
４２ スクリュー
４３ 剪断刃部材
４４ トップカバー
４５ カッター
４７ 小孔
５０ 抵抗棒
５１ 水供給部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention relates to a method for treating tea waste, which is a residue of citrus fruits such as mandarin orange, yam, coconut, pumpkin and sudachi, or various teas such as green tea, black tea and oolong tea. The present invention relates to a method for decomposing these wastes by aerobic fermentation using aerobic fermentation bacteria existing in nature.
[0002]
[Prior art]
  Citrus fruits such as tangerine, yam, coconut, kabos, and sudachi are shipped as products from the production area, and the juice is commercialized as a beverage or seasoning. It is well known that it is commercialized as a processed food.
[0003]
  On the other hand, in the production area, the harvested citrus fruits are selected based on predetermined criteria from the viewpoint of size, shape, surface damage, etc., and only non-defective products are shipped as products, and defective products are sent to other uses. Or has been disposed of. Moreover, in the juice production process, fresh fruit juices are squeezed to collect only the fruit juice, and the remainder mainly composed of the skin is discarded, and in the processed food production process, the skin other than the fruit is It has been disposed of.
[0004]
  These wastes are generally abandoned in orchards in production areas or buried in the soil. In fruit juice processing and canning factories, unnecessary parts such as pressed residue and skin Is generally disposed of by incineration with other waste.
[0005]
  In addition, with the recent spread of plastic bottle drinks and canned drinks, various teas such as green tea, black tea and oolong tea are extracted in large quantities at drinking water plants, resulting in a large amount of teacup waste generated. Most of this tea waste is incinerated.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  In such a conventional disposal method, when citrus waste is abandoned in an orchard, it can be said to be a decomposition and disposal method by natural decay, but blue mold is generated, which is not preferable environmentally. Moreover, in the method of burying in the ground, it is a decomposition disposal due to natural decay in the ground, and although it is not apparent on the surface, there is a problem that the soil is acidified by the acidic substance contained in citrus fruits.
[0007]
  In addition, in the method of incinerating citrus waste generated in processing plants and the teacup waste, a large amount of fuel oil is required to incinerate these wastes containing a large amount of water. It is hard to say that it is a wise measure.
[0008]
  Accordingly, there is a demand for the emergence of a technology that can treat such waste by a simple method without adversely affecting the environment, and preferably can convert the waste into a useful one for the environment.
[0009]
  Then, in view of the present condition which concerns, this invention aims at providing the policy which can convert a citrus waste and a teacup waste into a useful thing by a simple method.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  The present invention has been made based on such a viewpoint, and the basic idea is that most of the citrus waste or teacup waste is eliminated by treating with other waste. And partly in the conversion to valuable organic fertilizers. That is, the present invention is a citrus waste or teacup waste selected from the group of rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw, hay, hay, pruned branches, waste wood, humus soil, and humus soil, which are other wastes. An aerobic fermentation treatment using the above pulverized auxiliary material, specifically, the auxiliary material is crushed and pulverized while being crushed while being pressed and extruded into the atmosphere. As a fermentation aid, the pulverized product obtained by pulverizing with a type pulverizer,Citrus waste is pulverized by the screw-type pulverizer to obtain a citrus pulverized product, the citrus pulverized product, or the citrus pulverized product and tea husk waste, and the fermentation aid.In a fermenter equipped with a stirring means and agitating and mixing, and aerating the fermenter in an aerobic atmosphere without adding any bacteria while aerated in the fermenter It is. Thereby, citrus waste or teacup waste can be almost decomposed into carbon dioxide gas and water and eliminated.
[0011]
  BeforeTea ceremonyIf the waste waste is pulverized by the screw-type pulverizer and then supplied to the fermentation tank,Tea leavesIt is easy to increase the decomposition rate of waste. In addition, when supplying the pulverized product of the waste into the fermenter, it is preferable to mix and supply it with the fermentation aid from the viewpoint of promoting fermentation, and further, the waste and the auxiliary material. Is preferably supplied to the screw-type pulverizer and simultaneously pulverized to form a mixture of the two.
[0012]
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. First, the basic idea of the present invention will be described. In the present invention, when citrus waste or teacup waste (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “waste” in some cases) is decomposed, Aerobic fermentationWith fungusAs aerobic fermentation bacteria, various aerobic fermentation bacteria that are present in the processing environment (attached to the object to be treated) are used as the aerobic fermentation bacteria. The point is the first basic idea, and further, as a fermentation aid as a moisture adjusting material and fermentation fungi flooring material necessary for aerobic fermentation of the waste, rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw, which are other wastes, Use of one or more types of pulverized material selected from the group of hay, hay, pruned branches, waste wood or humus and humus, that is, by treating citrus waste and teacup waste with other waste The second basic idea is that most of it disappears.
[0014]
  First, the first basic idea will be explained. In the natural world, aerobic fermentation bacteria (aerobic bacteria) are inhabited by various bacterial groups suitable for the local environment. The cultured commercially available degrading bacteria are fundamentally different in nature. In other words, since bacteria and sputum are also living organisms, it is best to dispose of the waste generated in the area with a degrading bacterium suitable for the environment (climate, climate) in the area, and culture it artificially. Based on the idea that even if it is effective in a specific environment, it is not necessarily effective in other environments, the degrading bacteria that have been used effectively utilize the degrading bacteria appropriate for the region. Citrus wasteAndDecomposing bacteria that attach to or inhabit teacup waste and fermentation aids are utilized.
[0015]
  In particular, if a pulverized product of humus or humus is used as the fermentation aid, innumerable various decomposing bacteria inhabit itself, so that the fermentation process proceeds extremely effectively. In other words, humus soil is a mixture of organic substances in which plants are incompletely degraded in nature and are in various stages of decomposition, in other words, a group of decomposed bacteria and their fungi in which various decomposed bacteria are active. . In addition, humus is a soil made by the degradation of fallen leaves in nature, and it is a mixture of various organic substances similar to humus, and it contains a large amount of various decomposing fungi and their fungus beds. It can be said. These are often found on the ground surface of forests, and what should be noted is that they are inhabited by various degrading fungal groups suitable for the local environment, and are commercially available for artificial degradation. It is fundamentally different from bacteria.
[0016]
  In addition, the object to be treated of the present invention is a single kind of citrus waste or teacup waste that can be intensively generated in one place, and is not a mixture of various kinds of waste like general garbage, On the other hand, when bacteria suitable for decomposing these wastes start fermenting, it is preferable to destroy other bacteria, so that only the bacteria suitable for the wastes grow rapidly, and the decomposition process becomes easier to proceed. A circulation will be formed.
[0017]
  In addition, in the aerobic fermentation treatment, the moisture adjustment of the object to be treated is an important factor. If there is too much moisture, the aerobic environment is lost, anaerobic fermentation occurs, and so-called “rot” occurs. In order to maintain an aerobic environment, various proposals have been conventionally made. As a typical method, there is a method in which “oga waste” is added to and mixed with raw garbage and subjected to aerobic fermentation while adjusting moisture. Since wood itself has relatively high hygroscopicity, sawdust, a kind of wood powder, is generally excellent in hygroscopicity and is considered to be effective as a moisture adjusting material. However, in actual use, sawdust reaches the limit of water absorption capacity at a relatively early time, and therefore requires a large amount of sawdust, but sawdust itself is waste generated at a sawmill, The quantity is limited, and the mass transportation is also problematic in terms of cost. Therefore, in the present invention, the auxiliary material composed of the above-mentioned waste is pulverized by a specific pulverization means called a screw-type pulverizer to produce a pulverized material that is much more hygroscopic than sawdust, and citrus fruits. The waste is also treated as the auxiliary material (waste) generated in or near the place where the waste or teacup waste is generated.
[0018]
  The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First, FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an essential part showing an example of a fermentation treatment apparatus for carrying out the waste treatment method of the present invention, and this apparatus is a fermentation apparatus that is a main part of a waste treatment apparatus. A and a screw type pulverizer B for pulverizing the auxiliary material to form a fermentation aid.
[0019]
  First, the structure and operation of the screw crusher B used for crushing auxiliary materials, which is one of the features of the present invention, will be described. As shown in the figure, the screw type crusher B is mounted on a pedestal 39 installed on a base 40, and a screw 42 is placed in a cylindrical cylinder 41 having a hopper 46 serving as an auxiliary material inlet at one end. A top cover 44 that is fixed to the other end of the cylinder 41 and has a large number of small holes 47 is disposed at the tip 42a of the screw 42. The end of the shaft 48 of the cylinder 42 is connected to a driving device (motor and speed reducer) 49, whereby the screw 42 is rotatable. When a relatively large material such as a pruned branch is used as an auxiliary material, an auxiliary material that has been crushed by a chipper or the like into an appropriate size in advance, for example, a size of 5 to 10 cm or less is added from the hopper 46. The auxiliary material falls into the cylinder 41 and is sent forward by the rotation of the screw 42, and is crushed and crushed and crushed as will be described later, so that the screw 42 slides on the inner surface of the top cover 44. The fiber is cut by a cutter 45 disposed on the inner side of the front end of the top cover 44 and pushed out of the apparatus through a small hole 47 of the top cover 44. When the auxiliary material is relatively small, such as rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw, hay, humus or humus, it can be put into the cylinder 41 as it is from the hopper 46. Here, since the screw blade pitch of the screw 42 is formed narrower toward the tip, the object to be processed in the cylinder 41 is crushed while being pressurized as it is sent forward, and from the small hole 47. It is designed to be pushed out as if erupting into the atmosphere.
[0020]
  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the tip of the screw type crusher B. As shown in FIG. 2, the tip 42a of the screw 42 is fixed to the front surface of the cylinder 41 and has a large number of small holes 47. A center of the cover 44 is rotatably held via a bearing member 52, and a cutter 45 is fixed inside the cover 44 so as to be in sliding contact with the inner surface of the top cover 44 and rotates together with the screw 42. A plurality of shear blade members 43 are arranged on the inner surface of the cylinder 41 along the longitudinal direction of the cylinder at an appropriate interval, for example, 45 °, and the shear blade member 43, the screw 42, In the meantime, the auxiliary material put into the cylinder is crushed by crushing and crushing action.
[0021]
  3A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 3, the inner surface of the cylinder 41 has a tapered blade as shown in FIG. A bar-shaped shearing blade member 43 having a surface 43b is disposed, and a bolt 57 provided through the cylinder 41 is screwed into a screw hole 43a appropriately formed in the shearing blade member 43 so that the shearing blade The member 43 is fixed to a predetermined position on the inner surface of the cylinder.
[0022]
  FIG. 4 conceptually shows a state in which the workpiece 56 is crushed and pulverized by the shear blade member 43 and the screw 42. First, as shown in FIG. 3A, the workpiece 56 carried by the rotation of the screw 42 is sandwiched between the outer peripheral portion of the screw 42 and the shear blade member 43. Next, as shown in FIG. 6B, the workpiece 56 is rotated by the rotation of the screw 42 (in the direction of the arrow in the figure), and the outer peripheral portion of the screw and the shear blade surface 43b of the shear blade member 43. As shown in (c) of FIG. At the same time, as shown in FIG. 5B, the workpiece 56 existing between the outer peripheral surface of the screw 42 and the tapered shear blade surface 43b of the shear blade member 53 is crushed by the relative movement of both surfaces. Under the action, the fiber in the object to be treated is crushed while being loosened. As described above, the workpiece (auxiliary material) charged into the cylinder is gradually crushed into small pieces and crushed into smaller particles by the crushing action. In particular, since the screw blade pitch of the screw 42 is narrower toward the front, the workpiece is compressed and consolidated by the rotational force of the screw as it goes to the front of the screw. Under the action of crushing and crushing by crushing, it is crushed into finer particles.
[0023]
  In this way, the auxiliary material is crushed and pulverized into small particles, pumped forward in the cylinder, and released into the atmosphere from the small holes 47 of the top cover 44 arranged on the front surface of the cylinder 41. When the auxiliary material is a raw tree such as a pruned branch, it is rich in fiber and flexibility, so that it is not sufficiently cut by the shearing force or crushing force between the shearing blade member 43 and the screw 42. In such a case, the small hole 47 may be clogged with pulverized material and may be difficult to be discharged. Therefore, in the crusher of the present invention, the cutter 45 is disposed at the tip of the screw 42 so as to be in sliding contact with the inner surface of the top cover 44, and rotates with the rotation of the screw. As a result, a long fibrous material is also cut at the inner surface portion of the top cover 44 and is pushed out so as to be ejected from the small hole 47 by the internal high pressure formed by the rotational force of the screw.
[0024]
  What should be noted here is that the pulverized product is heated to about 70 ° C. to 80 ° C. by the frictional force with the screw or the cylinder, and is discharged at once from the high pressure portion in the cylinder into the atmosphere. The moisture contained in the pulverized particles suddenly expands, destroying the cell walls of the plant cells of the auxiliary material and causing “swelling”, and the hygroscopicity of the pulverized product itself is extremely high. is there. This is fundamentally different from the above-mentioned “Oga waste”, which is a similar pulverized product, and this is an auxiliary material that is a waste material, and is used for citrus waste and teacup waste. It is one of the features of the present invention that it exhibits an excellent function as a moisture adjusting material for the fermentation treatment and as a fungus bed of bacteria.
[0025]
  Incidentally, the water supply unit 55 is provided in the cylinder 41 in preparation for the case where there is insufficient water to function as a lubricant for extruding the pulverized material from the small holes 47, such as pulverization of dried rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw, and hay. It is arranged near the tip. The water supply unit 55 includes a water guide pipe 51 that passes through the cylinder wall and communicates with the inside, a water guide nozzle 53 that is formed to communicate with the water guide pipe, and advancing and retreating in the water guide pipe 51 to enter the cylinder. It comprises a control valve 54 that adjusts the flow channel area of the opening to open and close the flow channel and adjust the amount of water, so that tap water can be supplied from the water guide nozzle 53.
[0026]
  The pulverized material is pushed out from the small holes 47 of the top cover 44 by the pressing force acting on the pulverized material by the rotation of the screw. Thus, there is a case where the pressing force of the screw is absorbed by the compacted body and a sufficient extrusion pressure is not transmitted to the compacted body of the pulverized material existing in the small hole 47. In such a case, the pulverized material rotates together with the screw at the tip of the screw, and the pulverized material is not discharged from the small hole 47. Accordingly, in the present apparatus, a resistance rod 50 that can be moved forward and backward is provided so as to pass through the cylinder 41 and project inside the top cover 44. The resistance rod 50 enters the cylinder and tries to rotate together. A resistance is given to the pulverized product to prevent co-rotation, and the pulverized product is smoothly discharged from the small hole 47.
[0027]
  In this way, the pulverized auxiliary material crushed while being pressed by the screw-type pulverizer becomes a fermentation aid with a further increase in hygroscopicity as a result of pulverization and cell wall and fiber destruction. It will be altered. That is, as a result of the pulverization test of the various auxiliary materials, in most cases, the water absorption per unit weight of the pulverized product was confirmed to be about 3 to 4 times that of the pulverized product before the pulverization treatment. It has been confirmed that this pulverization method is extremely effective in improving the water absorption rate of the fermentation aid. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 1, the pulverized material (fermentation aid) of this auxiliary material is supplied directly from the small hole of the top cover 44 toward the raw material charging hopper 2 of the fermentation apparatus A. If necessary, the necessary amount of fermentation aid can be pulverized each time and supplied into the fermentation apparatus A.
[0028]
  Next, an example of the pulverization process of the auxiliary material by the screw pulverizer will be described. FIG. 8 is an appearance photograph in which humus is ground and ground using a screw-type pulverizer and pulverized, and the pulverized product (fermentation aid) discharged from the discharge hole 47 is compared with that before pulverization. . As can be seen from this photograph, the volume of the fermentation aid is reduced to about 1/10 of the original humus volume (bulk density is about 10 times larger), Moreover, since the cellular tissue is destroyed and the contained water is squeezed out, the water absorption per unit weight shows a water absorption rate of about 3 to 4 times that of the humus before the pulverization treatment. As a result, when this fermentation aid is mixed with citrus waste or teacup waste, it absorbs moisture in the waste, and the mixture to be treated does not get sticky even when touched by hand. It turns into a good mixture and creates a good environment for aerobic fermentation. At the same time, since the fermentation aid is finely pulverized as described above, it becomes easy to uniformly disperse when mixed with the waste, and as a result, the uniform fermentation decomposition reaction of the waste combined with the improvement of the air permeability. Will be promoted. At the same time, since the fermentation aid itself is pulverized so as to be easily decomposed, the decomposition reaction proceeds with the decomposition of the waste, and therefore, the decomposition residue (fermentation residue) becomes extremely small.
[0029]
  Further, as apparent from the photograph in FIG. 8, the pulverized humus soil has a non-constant particle size and has a wide particle size distribution from fine particles to relatively large particles. When agitated and mixed with waste and teacup waste, it is sufficiently mixed between each particle of waste having various particle sizes, and air necessary for aerobic fermentation is also applied to the surface of small waste. It is thought that it can be supplied.
[0030]
  In addition, the addition amount of the fermentation aid to be added and mixed is required to be at least about 3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of waste from the viewpoint of the decomposition rate of waste. The speed may be slow. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of the decomposition environment of the waste, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the addition amount according to the moisture content of the waste, and when the moisture content of the waste is high, the waste water is absorbed. What is necessary is just to increase the addition amount of a fermentation aid suitably, and to add to the grade which a to-be-processed object mixture does not stickiness and can maintain air permeability favorable. In addition, when the moisture content of waste is high and it is necessary to add a large amount of fermentation aid, it is also preferable to drain the waste in advance. In particular, unlike citrus waste and teacup waste, the auxiliary material as a subsidiary material is preferable because it can be said that a smaller amount of addition is preferable because it saves labor, and preferably, the amount of fermentation aid added. Is preferably suppressed to 30 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the waste. However, the basic principle is that it is different from the moisture content of the waste and the operating conditions (stirring conditions and aeration conditions) as a moisture control material for the waste, and it is not uniquely determined by a simple weight ratio. Is noted.
[0031]
  In the present invention, rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw, hay or hay are also preferable auxiliary materials. That is, since these are hard and easy to retain their shape, when added to wet waste such as citrus waste and teacup waste, they exist between the waste particles. Thus, it has a function of forming a space, maintaining air and maintaining a good aerobic atmosphere. Moreover, the rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw, hay or hay used as a raw material for the fermentation aid is itself dried, has a low water content, and is pulverized by the screw pulverizer as described above. Since the tissue is destroyed by this and it becomes easy to absorb moisture, when this fermentation aid is mixed with wet citrus waste and teacup waste, it absorbs moisture in the waste and is treated. It gives a moderate dryness so that the body mixture does not adhere to the inner surface of the processing apparatus, and it is well-familiar with the waste. Has the effect of suppressing anaerobic fermentation. Moreover, since these rice husks, rice straw, wheat straw, hay or hay are themselves wastes, citrus wastes and tea wastes are also treated.
[0032]
  FIG. 9 is a photograph of the appearance of rice husks, which are ground and ground while being pressed using the screw-type pulverizer, and pulverized matter (fermentation aid) discharged from the discharge holes 47 and before pulverization. As is clear from this photograph, it can be seen that the rice husks subjected to the pulverization treatment are crushed to a size of a fraction of the original size.
[0033]
  The volume of the crushed material is reduced to about ½ of the volume of the original rice husk (the bulk density is about twice as large), but the cell tissue is destroyed and the contained water Is squeezed out, the water absorption is increased 3 to 4 times compared to the rice husk before the pulverization treatment. As in the case described above, this means that when mixed with citrus waste or teacup waste, it absorbs moisture in the waste and gives the waste a suitable dryness. As well as facilitating mixing with the rice husk, the shape of the rice husk itself retains its shape, resulting in the formation of an appropriate space between the waste particles to maintain the breathability necessary for aerobic fermentation. Is understood to be possible. On the other hand, as for the rice husk itself, the water absorption is greatly improved. As a result, the decomposability of the rice husk itself is improved, and the fermentation decomposition of the rice husk proceeds simultaneously with the aerobic fermentation treatment of the waste.
[0034]
  Further, as apparent from the photograph of FIG. 9, the particle size of the crushed rice husk is not constant, and has a wide particle size distribution from fine particles to substantially original particles. Is considered to be the reason why the volume is reduced to about 1/2. In addition, when this pulverized product is stirred and mixed with citrus waste and teacup waste, it is sufficiently mixed between the particles of the above-mentioned waste having various particle sizes, and even on the surface of small waste. It is possible to supply air necessary for aerobic fermentation.
[0035]
  In addition to the rice husk, other fermenting aids can be used that are obtained by pulverizing drying materials such as rice straw, wheat straw, hay, hay or waste wood with the above screw-type pulverizer. One common feature is that each is itself dry. That is, by pulverizing these desiccants in the manner described above, the hygroscopicity is further improved. As a result, a large amount of water contained in citrus waste and teacup waste is promptly fermented as a crushed desiccant. It is absorbed by the auxiliary material and imparts appropriate moisture and air permeability to the waste to promote aerobic fermentation. In this sense, in the present invention, at least one of the rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw, hay, hay or waste wood in a dry state is selected as a raw material for the fermentation aid.
[0036]
  Next, the fermentation apparatus A shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail. In the figure, the fermentation apparatus A includes a fermentation tank 1 for fermenting citrus waste or tea bowl waste together with the fermentation aid, and a housing 4 disposed so as to surround the outer peripheral surface of the fermentation tank 1, Stirring devices 15 and 16 for stirring the object mixture in the fermenter 1, a rotating device 17 for rotating the fermenter 1, and exhaust for forcibly venting the generated gas in the fermenter 1 The duct 9 is a main component.
[0037]
  The fermenter 1 is composed of fixed side plates 5 and 6 at both ends, and a cylindrical drum 1a that is rotatable with respect to the fixed side plates 5 and 6, and the cylindrical drum 1a is fixed to the fixed side plates 5 and 6. It is rotatably connected by a bearing mechanism or the like. As shown in FIG. 5 which is a schematic front view of the fixed side plate 5, the one end of the fixed side plate 5 is provided with an opening 5 a for introducing a raw material at a position displaced from the center O of the fermentation tank 1. As shown in FIG. 6 which is a schematic front view of the fixed side plate 6, the discharge side 6 a for discharging fermentation residues has a center O of the fermentation tank 1 as well as the opening 5 a for charging the raw material. It is formed at a position deviated from. In the raw material charging opening 5a, a raw material charging hopper 2 that penetrates the housing 4 and has an opening 2a outside is formed obliquely upward. The opening 2a of the hopper 2 has a lid member 24 that can be freely opened and closed. Is arranged. On the other hand, a residue discharge duct 3 is formed obliquely downward through the housing 4 in the fermentation residue discharge outlet 6a, and a residue containing bag 25 is provided in the discharge port 3a exposed to the outside. It is detachably attached.
[0038]
  In the fermenter 1, a rotary shaft 15 disposed through the fixed side plates 5 and 6 on both sides at a position displaced upward from the drum central axis of the fermenter and the longitudinal direction of the rotary shaft 15. A stirring means comprising a plurality of stirring blades 16 having cutting blade surfaces is provided. When the input raw material is in a block shape, the stirring means has an action of crushing the input raw material and stirring and mixing the object mixture, and a drive motor 13 installed in the housing 4. , And is rotationally driven by a speed reducer 14 connected thereto. The rotary shaft 15 is rotatably supported at both ends by a support stand 26 (the left stand is omitted in the figure) fixed to the base 40.
[0039]
  Further, a gear 27 is attached to an outer peripheral portion of one end of the drum 1 a of the fermentation tank 1, and the gear 28 attached to the end portions of the drive motor 13, the speed reducer 14, and the rotary shaft 15, A chain 30 with one end engaged, a gear 29 with the other end engaged with the chain 30, a speed reducer 20 connected to the gear 29, an output shaft 21 of the speed reducer 20, and an end of the output shaft 21 The drum gear 27 is configured to rotate the drum 1a of the fermentation tank by applying a rotational force to the drum gear 27 through the gear 22 held in the tank. The drum 1a is held by a plurality of support members 18 fixed to the base 40 and a plurality of rollers 17 rotatably attached to the support member 18, and is freely rotated.
[0040]
  An intake port 7 is formed at an appropriate position on the upper surface portion of the fermentation residue discharge duct 3, and an exhaust port 8 is formed at an appropriate position on the upper surface portion of the raw material charging hopper 2. The exhaust fan 10 and the deodorizing agent 11 are disposed at appropriate positions of the exhaust duct 9. Thereby, the air in the housing 4 is sucked from the intake port 7 of the discharge duct 3 by the intake force of the exhaust fan 10, flows into the fermentation tank 1 through the discharge port 6 a of the fixed side plate 6, and the fermentation tank 1. Along with the gas generated inside, the material is discharged into the atmosphere from the exhaust duct 9 through the raw material charging opening 5a of the fixed side plate 5 and the exhaust port 8 of the raw material charging hopper 2. That is, the exhaust fan 10 forcibly exhausts the gas in the fermenter 1 and supplies fresh air in the housing into the fermenter 1 from the air inlet 7 formed in the exhaust duct 3. It has become. The fermentation odor is removed by the deodorizer 11 installed in the exhaust duct 9. In addition, most of the water generated by the fermentation is released from the exhaust duct 9 into the atmosphere, but when the outside air temperature is low, it may condense in the duct. It can be done.
[0041]
  In addition, an intake opening (not shown) is formed at an appropriate position of the housing 4, and a heater 23 is disposed in the vicinity of the intake port. Therefore, when the exhaust fan 10 is operated, the air in the housing 4 is sucked into the fermentation tank 1 as described above, and outside air is sucked from the intake opening formed in the housing 4 at that time. At the same time, it is heated by the heater 23 and flows into the housing 4. While this heated air flows around the drum 1a of the fermentation tank 1 and is sucked from the intake port 7 formed in the fermentation residue discharge duct 3, the fermentation tank 1 is heated from the outside and the fermentation tank 1 There exists a role which supplies warm air inside and keeps the temperature in the fermenter 1 at predetermined temperature.
[0042]
  Next, a processing operation for aerobic fermentation of the citrus waste or teacup waste using the above-described processing apparatus will be described. First,Fermentation processing equipment A ofManually opening the lid member 24 disposed in the opening 2a of the raw material supply hopper 2,The citrus waste is a screw crusher B The pulverized hopper 46 is fed into the screw-type pulverizer body, pulverized, and fermented. A ofSlide down in the hopper 2TheFrom the inlet 5a which is formed in the fixed side plate 5 and is always open, it falls and deposits on the object mixture during the aerobic fermentation already existing in the fermentation tank 1. On the other hand, the fermentation aid is charged directly into the hopper 2 from the top cover 44 of the screw type crusher as described above. Waste that is appropriately input in this wayCrushed materialAnd the fermentation aid are mixed by rotating the drum 1a of the fermenter 1 and when the waste is put in a block state, Crushing is performed and further mixing of waste and fermentation aid is promoted. The lid member 24 is manually opened only when the waste and fermentation aid are introduced, and is normally closed.
[0043]
  Next, the behavior of the workpiece mixture in the fermentation tank 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 shows the state in the fermentation tank 1 as seen from the raw material inlet 5a side.OutlineThe waste newly introduced into the fermenter 1 from the raw material inlet 5a is rotated in the direction of rotation as indicated by A1 in the figure by the rotation (forward rotation) of the fermenter 1 in the direction indicated by the arrow 33. Although it falls on the to-be-processed material mixture deposited in the state which has an upward slope toward this, since this deposit is circulating in the direction shown by the arrow 34 by rotation of the fermenter 1, it inputs newly Of citrus wasteCrushed materialIs also involved in this circulation and mixing with the fermentation aid. By this mixing operation, the release of the fermentation gas remaining in the deposit and the entrainment of fresh air are performed simultaneously.
[0044]
  FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the state in the fermentation tank 1 as viewed from the fermentation residue discharge port 6a side. When the fermentation tank 1 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow 33 (forward rotation), the discharge port Since the position of 6a is away from the deposit A1, the fermentation residue is not discharged to the outside from the discharge port 6a. Therefore, when the rotation direction of the fermenter 1 is switched to the rotation (reverse rotation) in the direction indicated by the arrow 35 in the figure, the deposit is a deposit having a reverse gradient to the A1 as indicated by A2 in the figure. Become. As a result, when the upper surface of the deposit is positioned higher than the lower end surface of the discharge port 6a, the fermentation residue is discharged out of the fermenter 1 from the discharge port 6a.
[0045]
  Where wet citrus wasteCrushed materialWhen the waste and teacup waste is mixed with the fermentation aid, it absorbs the moisture in the waste and gives a suitable dryness so that the waste does not adhere to the inner surface of the fermentation tank or the stirring blades. At the same time, as described above, a moderate porosity is formed between the particles of the appropriately dried waste to promote air circulation and promote anaerobic fermentation while suppressing anaerobic fermentation.
[0046]
  In this way, the mixture of the waste and fermentation aid that has been sequentially charged and mixed is contained in various aerobic fermentation bacteria and fermentation tanks that exist in nature and are attached to the waste and fermentation aid. Aerobic fermentation proceeds by various aerobic fermentation bacteria supplied with the air that is blown, and the mixture to be treated is basically decomposed into carbon dioxide gas and water. At this time, supply of fresh air Since the generated gas needs to be exhausted, forced exhaust is performed by operating the exhaust fan 10 disposed in the exhaust duct 9, and aerobic fermentation is performed by sucking fresh air into the fermentation tank 1. Maintain the environment.
[0047]
  Next, the drum 1a of the fermenter is rotated in the manner described above, but this rotation can be continuously and gently rotated, but intermittently rotating from the viewpoint of operating cost. preferable. That is, the reaction rate of the aerobic fermentation proceeds very slowly compared to the chemical reaction by a general chemical apparatus, so that the aerobic fermentation is maintained even if the mixture holding the air phase is left standing. If the time is within an appropriate range, no problem will occur even if mixing by rotating the drum is not performed. In the same meaning, the forced exhaust does not need to be continuously exhausted at the same level, and it is possible to increase or decrease the exhaust in accordance with the rotation of the drum. It is also possible to intermittently force exhaust independently and appropriately.
[0048]
  These intermittent rotation and forced exhaust levels of the fermentation drum will be described with reference to an example of a time chart shown in FIG. FIG. 7A is a time chart of intermittent rotation of the fermentation drum, and FIG. 7B is a time chart showing the exhaust level of forced exhaust. First, in the figure (A), t1 is a time zone during which the fermentation drum is rotating, and t2 is a time zone during which the rotation of the fermentation drum is stopped. Here, the ratio of t1 and t2, that is, t1: t2 is generally selected in the range of 1:10 to 1: 180, but practically about 1:30 to 1: 100 is a preferable range. . Specifically, when t1 is 2 to 3 minutes, t2 is preferably selected from about 60 minutes to 150 minutes.
[0049]
  Next, in FIG. 2B, t1 and t2 indicate the time zone of forced exhausting in accordance with the intermittent rotation of the fermentation drum, and in the time zone t1 during which the fermentation drum is rotating, internal deposition As a result of the forced mixing of the product, the fermentation gas staying in the internal sediment is discharged into the fermenter. During this period, the exhaust fan 10 is rotated strongly to exhaust the gas, In the time zone t2 when the rotation is stopped, the exhaust fan 10 is slightly rotated to be in a weak exhaust state. Here, when the exhaust amount w1 in the strong exhaust state is set to 100, the exhaust amount w2 in the weak exhaust state is generally set to about 10 to 30, preferably about 20. Has a drying action that removes the moisture in the raw material along with the release of the fermentation gas, so if the moisture content in the waste is high, set the level of the slightly exhausted exhaust amount w2 slightly higher. It is preferable to keep it.
[0050]
  Next, when the aerobic fermentation proceeds and the decomposition of the mixture to be processed proceeds and the volume of the mixture to be processed is gradually reduced, the fermentation residue is obtained by reversing the rotation direction of the fermentation drum 1a as described above. It is discharged to the discharge duct 3 from the discharge port 6 a opened in the fixed side plate 6 and falls into the residue containing bag 25 attached to the tip of the duct 3. When the residue storage bag 25 reaches a predetermined amount, the residue storage bag 25 is replaced with a new one. The setting of the frequency of reversal of the rotation direction of the fermentation drum 1a determines the residence time of the raw material input in the fermentation tank and the residence amount in the fermentation tank. That is, if the reversal frequency is increased, the fermentation residue discharge frequency is increased, and the residence time of the input is shortened. At the same time, the amount of residence in the fermenter also increases. Therefore, it is set as appropriate according to the characteristics and environmental conditions of the waste, but in general, the rough characteristics of the waste, such as the squeezed rice cake produced from the tangerine juice factory and the tea bowl produced from the oolong tea bottling factory, are generally set. If it is substantially constant, there is almost no need to change the frequency of forward / reverse rotation set in the initial trial operation stage.
[0051]
  Next, since the fermentation residue falling into the residue storage bag 25 is a mixture of the fermentation residue of the waste and the fermentation residue of the fermentation aid, this is used as the fermentation residue and fermentation aid of citrus fruits and teacups. Screening, using only the fermentation residue of citrus waste and teacup waste as organic fertilizer, the recovered fermentation aid residue can be reused, but without separating them all organic It can be used as a fertilizer, or a part of it can be reused as a fermentation aid. In particular, the fermentation aids used in the present invention are all pulverized products of plants, and the structure is destroyed and has hygroscopicity, and the fermentation decomposition proceeds in the fermenter. Therefore, there is no problem even if it is used as an organic fertilizer. In particular, according to the method of the present invention, most of the input citrus waste and teacup waste are decomposed and lost, and most of the discharged fermentation residue is an undecomposed component of the fermentation aid. Therefore, mixing the whole amount with a new fermentation aid and reusing it is also a preferable aspect as a completely extinguishing type treatment method that does not emit effluent.
[0052]
  In addition, in the case where citrus waste is disposed of as a damaged or defective product from a fruit plant such as tangerine, the individual waste itself is of a considerable size, and this is used as it is in the fermentation. When it is put into the tank 1, it is somewhat reduced by the crushing action by the stirring blade 16, but the decomposition speed is remarkably slow, and in extreme cases, it may be discharged while maintaining its shape. Therefore, in the present invention,RelativelybigIs a massCitrus disposalThingThe waste material is supplied to the screw-type crusher A, pulverized in the same manner as the auxiliary material, and supplied to the fermenter.Do.Like this,Citrus disposalIndividual objectsAs a pre-fermentation treatment for all citrus waste, not just the size, shape and typeCrushing with screw crusherHiringThenThe waste itself is pulverized into small particles, and, as in the case of the fermentation aid, the cell tissue is also crushed and easily decomposed. As a result of shortening the residence time, it is possible to greatly increase the processing capacity in the case of the same volume fermenter.The same is true for tea leaves waste.
[0053]
  In addition, when the waste is supplied to the screw-type pulverizer and pulverized, if it is supplied together with the auxiliary material and pulverized at the same time, both are mixed and supplied into the fermenter. Therefore, there is an effect of promoting the fermentation reaction. Further, when the auxiliary material is in a dry state of rice husk, rice straw, hay, and dead grass, it is possible to omit the above-described hydration in the cylinder, and an effect of reducing the operation cost can be expected.
[0054]
  Next, examples of the present invention will be described.
[Example 1]
  Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, as a citrus waste, a processing test was performed using cocoon pomace (waste) discharged from a coconut juice production factory that produces coconut juice by a pressing method. By the way, the squeezed eggplant squeezes the skin part by squeezing and most of the fruit juice inside is squeezed, but by itself, the shape restoring force of the skin part is about 1/2 to 2/3 of the original spherical body. It contains many things that are inflated in size. Moreover, the diameter of the fermenter of the used apparatus is 100 cm, and length is 150 cm (effective internal capacity; about 1 square meter).
[0055]
  When starting the operation of the apparatus, if the eggplant pomace is put into the empty fermenter from the beginning, wet waste adheres to the inner wall of the fermenter, so that the pruned branch previously pulverized with the screw type pulverizer About 400 liters (91 kg) is charged, and the eggplant pomace is put in this, As it isIt was turned on and operation started. Moreover, the fermenter was made into the intermittent rotation system rotated for 1 minute every 120 minutes, and the operation | movement of the stirring apparatus was made to operate | move only at the time of rotation of a fermenter. The exhaust in the fermentation tank was set to 100% of the exhaust capacity of the exhaust fan when the fermentation tank was rotating, and was set to 20% when the fermentation tank was stopped.
[0056]
  As the fermentation aid, a material obtained by pulverizing a pruned branch exclusively with the above-described screw-type pulverizer was used. In addition, the kind of the pruning branch was not known at all, and the pruning branch generated in the factory site was randomly used. In addition, no commercially available bacteria for promoting aerobic fermentation are added. The fermenter is installed outdoors with good ventilation, and a single-roof type cover is installed to prevent direct sunlight. Table 1 shows the test conditions and the results in the initial stage of operation.
[0057]
[Table 1]

[0058]
  In Table 1, the number of days column indicates the number of days elapsed from the operation start date, and 4, 5 and 11 to 14 indicate holidays. During this holiday, the eggplant pomace and the fermentation aid are not charged, but the operation of the apparatus is continued by automatic operation. In addition, the temperature inside the fermenter is the front part of the fermenter (near the fermenting aid input), the center and the rear part (near the discharge port), and a rod-shaped thermometer is inserted just before the waste is introduced. Measured. In addition, the temperature in the fermenter on the first day of operation is about the same as the outside air temperature of 15 ° C. If the temperature in this tank rises, it means that a fermentation reaction has occurred, and it means that the fermentation reaction has progressed most at the highest temperature part.
[0059]
  In addition, on the first day of operation, the eggplant squeezed residue was added to the fermentation aid that was added in large quantities, and the operation was started. On the next day, the temperature in the fermenter rose and the fermentation reaction of the eggplant pomace was progressing. Since the shape of the pomace was not significantly changed from the shape when it was added, from the second day, the squeezed pomace was crushed by the screw-type crusher,As crushed materialIt was made to supply in a fermenter. On the 3rd to 6th days, the eggplant squeezed residue and the fermentation aid were not charged, and only the automatic operation with only the air blowing and stirring was continued. On the 7th day, since the fermentation of the eggplant pomace in the fermenter proceeded and a considerable amount of decrease was observed, the addition of the fermentation aid was resumed when the eggplant pomace was continued, and this addition was continued until 10 days. In addition, since the pulverized material of the cocoon squeezed by the screw type pulverizer on the 7th day or later is sticky, it is mixed with the fermentation aid powder to be added at the same time. That is, it put in the state which covered the fermentation auxiliary material on the surface of the ground material of the eggplant pomace. In addition, on the 11th-14th day, the automatic operation only of the said ventilation and stirring was continued. During this period, no fermentation residue was discharged.
[0060]
  Only the automatic operation of the apparatus was continued from the 16th day after the start of the operation. However, on the 18th day, the residue of the eggplant pomace was not recognized in the fermentation tank by visual observation. Was stopped, and the internal decomposition residue was discharged. Almost all of the fermentation residue was a fermentation residue made of undegraded fermentation aid formed from pruned branches. In other words, it was confirmed that the eggplant pomace with a total input amount of about 200 kg was almost completely disappeared. In addition, the amount of the fermentation aid that became the fermentation residue was also reduced by a considerable amount due to the progress of the fermentation decomposition compared to the time of input (in the simple weight comparison, the water content was different, so it was not compared). Moreover, since this fermentation residue can be used as a fertilizer, it was sprayed on the field as it was, and all the tests were completed.
[0061]
  During the operation of the apparatus, the scent of the eggplant drifted slightly in the fermentation tank, but it was not a corrosive odor and there was no discomfort, but deodorization was performed with activated carbon placed in the exhaust duct line of the processing apparatus. As a result, there was no odor leakage to the outside. Also, during the treatment, I picked up the mixture to be treated in the fermentation tank, but it did not adhere to the hand although it was entirely wet, I tried to make a lump by grasping firmly with my hand However, the adhesion between the particles was very weak, and as soon as the hands were released, they were dispersed apart. This shows that the fermentation aid absorbs moisture in the eggplant pomace and gives a suitable dryness to the eggplant pomace, and also prevents aggregation of the eggplant pomace particles.
[0062]
[Reference example]
  Next, teacup wasteFermentation treatment usingWill be described. As teacup waste, the squeezed oolong tea (water content: about 71%) drums (481 kg) discharged from the oolong tea beverage manufacturing plant was subjected to a fermentation treatment test using the same apparatus as in Example 1. It was. At the start of operation of the apparatus, as in Example 1, approximately 400 liters (91 kg) of the pruned branch previously pulverized by the screw-type pulverizer was charged, and the oolong tea squeezed residue was charged therein to start the operation. did. The intermittent rotation conditions and exhaust conditions of the fermentation tank were also the same as in Example 1.
[0063]
  As the fermentation aid, as in Example 1, the pruned branch generated in the factory premises was randomly pulverized with the above-described screw-type pulverizer. Similar to Example 1 in that no commercially available bacteria for promoting aerobic fermentation are added. Table 2 shows the operating conditions and the internal temperature and humidity conditions.
[0064]
[Table 2]

[0065]
  In Table 2, the number of days column indicates the number of days that have elapsed since the start date of operation, and the days (4th, 11th, 17th, and 18th) on which the numbers are flying mean a factory holiday. During this holiday, oolong tea Although there is no squeezing or fermenting aid input, the operation of the apparatus is continued by automatic operation. In addition, the temperature inside the fermenter is the front part of the fermenter (near the fermenting aid input), the center and the rear part (near the discharge port), and a rod-shaped thermometer is inserted just before the waste is introduced. Similarly, the humidity in the fermenter was measured by sampling the mixture in the fermenter existing at the front, center and rear of the fermenter and measuring the humidity (water content). In addition, the temperature in the fermenter on the first day of operation is about the same as the outside air temperature of 26 ° C. If the temperature in this tank rises, it means that a fermentation reaction has occurred, and it means that the fermentation reaction has progressed most at the highest temperature part as described above.
[0066]
  On the first day of operation, 50 kg of the oolong tea pomace was put into the fermentation aid added in large quantities, and the operation was started. In addition, the oolong tea squeezed mash is put as it is without passing through the screw-type pulverizer from the manufacturing factory. On the next day after the start of operation, the front temperature in the fermenter rises (at this point, the oolong tea pomace is unevenly distributed in the front of the fermenter), and the fermentation reaction of the oolong tea pomace is in progress I can hear. From the second day onward, the operation was carried out by adding 50 kg of the oolong tea pomace.
[0067]
  The internal temperature distribution on the second day shows a tendency for the temperature to gradually decrease from the front to the rear, but this is mainly because the fermentation reaction occurs in the front of the fermenter (Oolong tea squeezed but still before the fermenter) Mean that the fermentation reaction occurs mainly in the front part). On the third day, the center of the fermentation reaction has shifted to the middle part of the fermentation tank and is in an ideal state. Moreover, it has shown that the residue which fermented reaction has gathered in the back part, so that back part temperature is near external temperature. Therefore, from the third day when the rear temperature became close to the outside air temperature, the discharge of the fermentation residue due to the reversal of the fermenter was started for the purpose of sampling. The discharge amount of the fermenter residue on the third day was 2.8 kg. As a result of visual inspection, most of the discharge product was fermentation aid. In addition, the additional supply of a fermentation aid is not performed except having performed the additional supply of a small amount of fermentation aids on the 5th day and the 10th day after starting discharge. In addition, on the 9th to 12th days after the start of the operation, the operation of the oolong tea squeezed residue is not performed and the operation is continued only because of the amount of the oolong squeezed residue that is the raw material.
[0068]
  The operation was very smooth, and on the 20th day after the start of operation, all the raw materials had been charged. Therefore, the total amount of the effluent on the third, fifth and sixth days including the fermentation residue of oolong tea pomace (21 .8 kg) was restarted and the operation was continued. Similarly, on the 21st day, the entire amount (16.2 kg) of the effluents on the 7th to 9th days is reintroduced, and on the 23rd day, the total amount of the effluents on the 10, 12, 13th days (18. 1 kg) was recharged and the operation was continued. From the 24th day, nothing was thrown in and only automatic operation was continued. On the 27th day, as a result of visual observation in the fermenter, almost no oolong tea residue was found in the fermenter. At this point, the operation of the apparatus was stopped, and the internal decomposition residue was discharged. Almost all of the fermentation residue was a fermentation residue made of undegraded fermentation aid formed from pruned branches.
[0069]
  According to the above test, the total discharge amount is about 72 kg including the discharge amount of the fermentation aid, with respect to the total input amount of about 481 kg of oolong tea pomace. In addition, as a result of selecting each effluent residue of oolong tea residue and fermentation aid residue, the ratio of the residue of oolong tea residue is 8.6 to 12.7%, and is assumed to be about 10% on average. Then, the oolong tea pomace residue in the total discharge 72 kg (water content about 30%) is about 7.2 kg, which is about 1.5% with respect to the total amount of oolong tea pomace input 481 kg, which is super complete It is no exaggeration to say that it is a decomposition.
[0070]
  In addition, there is no problem of odor during the operation of the apparatus, and the mixture of objects to be treated in the fermenter during the treatment is totally moist, but as in the case of Example 1, it is held firmly by hand. I tried to make a lump, but the adhesion between the particles is very weak, and when you release your hand, it will disperse as soon as you release it, and the fermentation aid will absorb the moisture in the initial oolong tea pomace (water content about 71%). This means that the oolong tea pomace is given a moderate dryness and also prevents oolong tea pomace particles from agglomerating.
[0071]
  Examples aboveAnd reference examplesAs is apparent from the above, in the method of the present invention, good aerobic fermentation is maintained without adding any commercially available aerobic bacteria. This fact is mainly due to aerobic fermentation bacteria adhering to fermentation aids, citrus waste or tea bowl waste, or aerobic fermentation bacteria in the air sent by air blowing. It is considered that the waste was fermented and decomposed.
[0072]
  In particular, there is no conventional method for fermenting only a single type of waste, such as “coconut pomace” or “oolong tea pomace”, but it exists in the environment as is apparent from the above examples. Since only a group of bacteria suitable for the decomposition of cocoon pomace and oolong tea pomace among various aerobic fermentation bacteria has grown and promoted the fermentation decomposition, the material to be treated is replaced with cocoon pomace It is not difficult to imagine that the same effect can be expected with other citrus wastes such as tangerine, yam, kabos, and sudachi, or green tea, black tea and other tea wastes.
[0073]
  In addition, for fermentation aids, instead of fermentation aids formed from pruned branches, pulverized humus and humus soil, waste of rice husks, wheat straw, rice straw, hay, hay or wooden boxes, and waste of buildings, etc. It has been confirmed through various tests that the same effect can be obtained even if a pulverized product obtained by pulverizing wood is used as a fermentation aid.
[0074]
  Moreover, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the fermentation aid and the eggplant squeezed or oolong tea squeeze meal are separately put into the fermentation tank, or the fermentation aid is sprinkled on the pulverized product of the eggplant squeezed meal. As described above, by supplying them together to the screw pulverizer and simultaneously pulverizing them, it is possible to mix them in the screw-type pulverizer and put them together. It is sufficient to make both coexist in the fermenter.
[0075]
  In addition, the above embodimentAnd reference examples, The coconut squeeze and oolong tea squeeze are processed independently, but if the citrus juice factory and the tea beverage manufacturing factory are close to each other, both can be processed at once. This is a promising processing method as an application example of the present invention.
[0076]
  As described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it goes without saying that various modifications exist within the scope based on the idea described in the claims.
[0077]
【The invention's effect】
  As explained above, according to the present invention, one or more auxiliary materials selected from the group of rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw, hay, hay, pruned branches, waste wood, humus soil, and humus soil are crushed while being pressurized. The pulverized product obtained by crushing and crushing and extruding into the atmosphere with a screw-type crusher is used as a fermentation aid, and this is used as various citrus fruits.DisuseScrapCrushed materialAlternatively, it is possible to produce aerobic fermentation in these wastes simply by adding to and mixing with teacup wastes and maintaining an aerobic atmosphere, so that it is not necessary to add special aerobic bacteria that are generally used in the past. Become. Therefore, the cost required for the treatment of these citrus wastes and teacup wastes generated in large quantities at the tangerine juice factory, the oolong tea drinking water factory, etc. will be greatly reduced.
[0078]
  Further, as is clear from the above examples, it is possible to completely eliminate citrus waste and teacup waste. Environmental problems and odor problems in the method of extinguishing due to decay were solved, and furthermore, there was a problem of acidification of the soil in the method of embedding in the soil. If the residue is returned to the soil, it will act as an effective fertilizer, so there is an effect of two birds with one stone. The point which becomes an effective fertilizer is the same also in a teacup waste.
[0079]
  Furthermore, compared to conventional incineration methods, the consumption of fuel oil used to incinerate waste is no longer necessary, which contributes to the improvement of the global environment, including carbon dioxide problems. Be expected.
[0080]
  Also, since no special aerobic bacteria are used, even when using fermentation residues as fertilizers, it is not necessary to discuss the safety of these aerobic bacteria to fields and crops, and even ordinary farmers can accept them without resistance. Has advantages.
[0081]
  In addition, when using special aerobic bacteria, the environment must be optimal for the bacteria, and there are many cases where the characteristics of the object to be treated and the local environment are problematic, and the operating conditions of the apparatus are flexible. However, in the present invention, since various aerobic fermentation bacteria suitable for the local environment are used, the operating conditions of the fermentation treatment apparatus are extremely high. The fact that it is flexible and does not require special specialists or special operating conditions is a great advantage in this type of device that requires versatility. In this embodiment, in this embodiment, the rotation speed and blowing speed of the fermenter are set as the operating conditions of the apparatus, and the amount of citrus waste or teacup waste or fermentation aid to be simply added is the amount of the object mixture. It will be easily understood from the fact that only the appropriate adjustment is made according to the amount of water.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing an example of a citrus waste or teacup waste processing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the screw type pulverizer of FIG.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II in FIG. 2;
4 is an enlarged conceptual diagram of a main part of FIG. 3, and is a conceptual diagram showing a crushing and pulverizing process in a screw type pulverizer.
FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram of a main part viewed from the raw material charging side showing the state in the fermentation tank of FIG. 1;
6 is a conceptual diagram of a main part viewed from the fermentation residue discharge side showing the state in the fermentation tank of FIG. 1. FIG.
7 is a time chart showing an example of operating conditions of the apparatus of FIG. 1, (A) is a time chart of intermittent rotation of a fermenter, and (B) is a time chart showing a change in exhaust amount of forced exhaust. It is.
FIG. 8 is an appearance photograph comparing a pulverized material obtained by pulverizing humus using the screw-type pulverizer and a pulverized material before pulverization.
FIG. 9 is an external photograph comparing the pulverized product obtained by pulverizing rice husks with the screw-type pulverizer and the crushed product before pulverization.
[Explanation of symbols]
  A fermenter
  B Screw type crusher
  1 Fermenter
  1a Fermenter rotating drum
  2 Processing object (raw material) input hopper
  3 Residue discharge duct
  4 Housing
  5a Opening of workpiece (raw material) input
  6a Fermentation residue discharge opening
  7 Air supply port
  8 Exhaust vent
  9 Exhaust duct
  10 Exhaust fan
  15 Rotating shaft
  16 Stirring blade
  17 Support roller
  41 cylinders
  42 screw
  43 Shear blade member
  44 Top cover
  45 cutter
  47 Small hole
  50 resistance bar
  51 Water supply section

Claims (3)

One or more auxiliary materials selected from the group consisting of rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw, hay, hay, pruned branches, waste wood, humus soil, and humus soil are crushed and crushed while being pressed and extruded into the atmosphere. As a fermentation aid, the pulverized product obtained by pulverizing with a screw-type pulverizing apparatus as described above,
The citrus waste is pulverized by the screw-type pulverizer to obtain a citrus pulverized product,
The citrus pulverized product, or the citrus pulverized product and the teacup waste, and the fermentation aid are put into a fermenter equipped with a stirring means and stirred and mixed.
Method of processing citrus waste or the citrus waste and brown shells waste, characterized in that fermenting process the mixture under aerobic atmosphere while venting to the fermentor The method for treating waste according to claim 1, wherein the tea husk waste is pulverized by the screw pulverizer and then supplied to the fermentation tank. The auxiliary material and the pre-Symbol citrus waste, or to the citrus waste and the tea leaves waste and auxiliary materials, by pulverizing simultaneously supplied to the screw crusher, said the pulverized material of the waste The waste treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a fermentation aid is mixed in the screw-type pulverizer.

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