JP6327492B1 - Method of composting bamboo and tea leaves - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for composting bamboo materials and tea shells that can quickly produce compost having a high nitrogen content without causing decay, and a compost that can be easily composted and that can provide compost having a high fertilizer effect. The method of composting bamboo materials and tea leaves according to the present invention includes a crushing step S1 for crushing bamboo materials such as 孟 mong bamboo, Japanese bamboo, bamboo shoots, etc. into a required small piece, and the bamboo material crushed in the crushing step S1 has a water content of 70. % Of tea husk mixing step S2 for mixing at least 15% of tea husk, and pressure kneading step S3 for kneading the bamboo and tea husk mixed in tea husk mixing step S2 with a pressure extruder at least at an internal pressure of 15 kg / cm 2 or more. And the swelling and diffusion step S4 in which the tea shell and bamboo material pressure-kneaded in the pressure kneading step S3 are cut into a minced shape by a cutter, and the minced bamboo material and the tea shell are discharged into the atmosphere from a porous nozzle. Composting process S5 which composts the defibrated bamboo fiber chopped strand which was discharged by process S4 and the tea-chamber was mixed is characterized by the above-mentioned. [Selection] Figure 3

Description

The present invention relates to a composting how a mixture of bamboo and used tea leaves.

Bamboo compost produced from bamboo is expected to improve soil physical properties, microbial diversity, and activity when applied to farmland.
Patent document 1 has proposed the organic soil improvement material by a bamboo powder.
On the other hand, it has already been proposed to use tea leaves after extracting tea leaves and tea components as compost (for example, Patent Documents 2 to 4).

JP 2012-10682 A JP 2006-96582 A JP 2006-61036 A JP 2003-55074 A

However, bamboo compost produced from bamboo has less fertilizer components, especially nitrogen, necessary for crop cultivation.
In addition, the bamboo material, which is a raw material for making bamboo compost, has little water, and it is necessary to add a large amount of water to make it compost.
On the other hand, since the tea husk produced in the production process of tea beverages contains a large amount of nitrogen and water, when compost is produced only from the tea husk, there is a problem that it rots during the composting process.
Therefore, in order to produce compost using only tea husks, a process of drying to an appropriate moisture state is required.

The present invention aims to provide a composting how the bamboo and used tea leaves that can produce compost quickly high nitrogen content without leading to spoilage.

The method for composting bamboo materials and tea leaves according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a crushing step of crushing bamboo materials such as 孟 mong bamboo, Japanese bamboo, bamboo shoots, etc. into required small pieces, and crushing in the crushing step to have a water content of less than 70% The bamboo material is mixed with tea husk having a moisture content of 70% or more, and the bamboo material mixed with the tea husk mixing step and the tea husk are mixed at least with an internal pressure of 15 kg / cm ^{2 by a} pressure extruder. The pressure kneading step for pressure kneading as described above, and the tea husk and the bamboo material pressure-kneaded in the pressure kneading step are cut into a minced shape with a cutter, and the bamboo material and the tea husk made into a minced shape are made porous. swelling diffusion step of discharging to the atmosphere from the nozzle, the ejected by swelling diffusion process, have a, a composting step of treating composting bamboo fiber chopped strands of solutions繊状said tea leaves are mixed, the tea leaves And bamboo fiber chi And Ppudosutorando as a main raw material, the tea leaves to be mixed with the tea leaves mixing step, at a weight ratio of containing moisture, is characterized in that a 4-fold relative to the bamboo.
The present invention according to claim 2 is the method for composting bamboo material and tea shells according to claim 1 , wherein the water content of the mixture of the tea shells and the bamboo fiber chopped strands discharged in the swelling diffusion step is 64%. The tea husk is mixed in the tea husk mixing step so as to be ˜75%.
According to a third aspect of the present invention , in the method for composting bamboo and tea leaves according to the first or second aspect, the total nitrogen content of the compost produced after the composting step is 1% or more. It is characterized by.

According to the present invention, the labor required for newly adding water to the bamboo material can be omitted by supplying the water necessary for composting the bamboo material from the tea husk.
In addition, according to the present invention, compost can be produced faster than composting with bamboo alone because nitrogen added by mixing tea husks promotes composting.

Figure showing changes in total nitrogen content and carbon content of bamboo compost, bamboo tea compost (2 vs. 3), and bamboo tea compost (1: 4) during composting Figure showing the change in plant height of Komatsuna when the prepared bamboo tea compost (2 vs. 3) and bamboo tea compost (1: 4) were used for Komatsuna cultivation The flowchart which shows the composting method of the bamboo material and tea-shell by one Example of this invention

The method for composting bamboo materials and tea leaves according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a crushing step of crushing bamboo materials such as 孟 mong bamboo, Japanese bamboo, bamboo shoots, etc. into a required small piece, crushing in the crushing step, and a moisture content of 70% Less than bamboo material is mixed with tea husk having a moisture content of 70% or more, and bamboo and tea husk mixed in the tea husk mixing step are added by a pressure extrusion device at least at an internal pressure of 15 kg / cm ² or more. Pressure kneading process for pressure kneading, and the tea husk and bamboo material pressure kneaded in the pressure kneading process are cut into a minced shape with a cutter, and the swelling of the minced bamboo material and tea husk is discharged into the atmosphere from a porous nozzle a diffusion step, discharged swelling diffusion process, possess the composting process tea leaves are processed composting bamboo fiber chopped strands of the mixed solution繊状, and then the tea leaves and bamboo fiber chopped strands as a main material, In the tea husk mixing process The case is used tea leaves, a weight ratio containing water is obtained by four times relative to bamboo. According to this Embodiment, compared with the case where a bamboo material and a tea-shell are each composted independently, compost of a high nitrogen component can be manufactured rapidly, without leading to decay. Moreover, composting period can be shortened compared with the case where bamboo material is fertilized alone. Moreover, composting can be easily performed and compost having a high fertilizer effect can be obtained.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, the water content of the mixture of tea husk and bamboo fiber chopped strands discharged in the swelling diffusion step in the method for composting bamboo and tea husk according to the first embodiment is 64%. The tea husk is mixed in the tea husk mixing step so as to be -75%. According to this Embodiment, it can be set as the moisture content optimal for composting by adjusting the mixing amount of a tea husk.

In the third embodiment of the present invention, in the method for composting bamboo and tea leaves according to the first or second embodiment, the total nitrogen content of the compost produced after the composting step is 1% or more. Is. According to the present embodiment, compost having a high fertilizer effect can be obtained.

Table 1 shows the components of bamboo material and tea shells used. Bamboo has the characteristic of requiring a long composting period because it has a low water content and total nitrogen content and a high carbon content. On the other hand, tea husk has a high water content and nitrogen content, and has a low carbon ratio.
Here, the bamboo material is bamboo material crushed in a crushing step described later, and the moisture content is less than 70%. In addition, tea husks are produced during the production process of tea beverages, and the water content exceeds 70% in a state where no dehydration treatment or drying treatment is performed. The values in Table 1 indicate the ratio per fresh weight.

  Table 2 shows bamboo compost using only bamboo material, bamboo tea compost mixed with bamboo material and tea husk in a weight ratio of 2: 3, and bamboo tea mixed with bamboo material and tea husk in a weight ratio of 1: 4. The moisture content of compost (1 to 4) is shown. Bamboo tea compost (2 to 3) has a moisture content of 64% or more, Bamboo tea compost (1 to 4) has a moisture content of 75% or less, and both bamboo tea composts have a moisture content of about 60 to 75%. Yes, it is adjusted to a moisture content suitable for composting.

  FIG. 1 shows changes in the total nitrogen content and carbon ratio of bamboo compost, bamboo tea compost (2 to 3), and bamboo tea compost (1 to 4) during composting. Bamboo compost continues to decline gradually and composting continues moderately even after 100 days have passed since composting started. On the other hand, bamboo tea compost (2 to 3) and bamboo tea compost (1 to 4) have stable nitrogen content and carbon content after 40 days after composting, and composting is completed in about 40 days. ing. Furthermore, bamboo tea compost (1: 4) had a higher nitrogen content than bamboo tea compost (2: 3), and became bamboo tea compost containing a large amount of nitrogen components.

  Table 3 shows the total nitrogen content, phosphoric acid content, potassium content, ammonium nitrogen content, and nitrate nitrogen content of bamboo compost and bamboo tea compost (1 to 4) when composting is completed. Bamboo tea compost (1: 4) is higher than bamboo compost in all items, and bamboo tea compost (1: 4) is richer in fertilizer components than bamboo compost.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in Komatsuna plant height when the produced bamboo tea compost (2 to 3) and bamboo tea compost (1 to 4) are used for cultivation of Komatsuna.
The higher the plant height, the better the growth and the final yield increases. Bamboo tea compost (2 to 3) is equivalent to 27.4 kgN / m ² Bamboo tea compost (2 to 3), Bamboo tea compost (1 to 4) is equivalent to 23.6 kg N / m ² bamboo tea compost (1 Pair 4) is applied, and no material is applied for no compost application.
Bamboo tea compost (1 to 4) has a higher plant height than no fertilizer applied or bamboo tea compost (2 to 3). Bamboo tea compost (1 to 4) is a compost highly effective as a fertilizer. is there.

  Table 4 shows the yield of Komatsuna when bamboo compost and tea bamboo compost are applied. Bamboo tea compost (1: 4) shows more than twice the yield compared to the case where no compost is applied or bamboo tea compost (2: 3) is applied. Bamboo tea compost (1: 4) is used as a fertilizer. This indicates that the compost is highly effective.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for composting bamboo and tea leaves according to an embodiment of the present invention.
First, a defibrated bamboo fiber chopped strand is produced.
As the bamboo material, for example, Sousaku bamboo, Japanese bamboo, or bamboo bamboo is used.
As step 1, the harvested bamboo material such as 孟 宗 bamboo, Japanese bamboo, or bamboo shoot is crushed into required small pieces of about 20 cm to 50 cm.
A small amount of bamboo crushed in the crushing process in Step 1 is mixed with tea husk having a moisture content of 70% or more (Step 2).
The bamboo material and tea husk mixed in the tea husk mixing step in step 2 are pressure-kneaded by a pressure extrusion device at least at an internal pressure of 15 kg / cm ² or more (step 3). A screw can be used for kneading.
Since the hardness varies depending on the type of bamboo material, it is preferable to adjust the internal pressure depending on the type of bamboo. For example, in Sasatake, at least 15 Kg / cm ² or more, the bamboo and ^{30Kg / cm 2 ~50Kg / cm 2} .
The tea husk and bamboo material pressure-kneaded in the pressure-kneading step in step 3 are cut into a length of 20 mm to 200 mm by a cutter, minced, and discharged into the atmosphere from a porous nozzle (step 4).
The bamboo material is disassembled into a hard tissue and a soft tissue by the swelling diffusion process in Step 4, and a defibrated bamboo fiber chopped strand in which cellulose and hemicellulose that form cell walls are dissociated from lignin can be obtained.
The defibrated bamboo fiber chopped strands obtained by the swelling diffusion process are mixed with the tea husk. Moreover, the ratio of the size of this bamboo fiber chopped strand is 73% for 3 mm or less, 17% for 3 mm to 5 mm, 5% for 5 mm to 7 mm, and 5% for 7 mm or more.

The bamboo fiber chopped strands discharged by the swelling diffusion process in step 4 and mixed with the tea husk are composted for a predetermined period (step 5).
Bamboo fiber chopped strands discharged by the swelling diffusion process and mixed with tea husks have a moisture content of 64% to 75%, and lactic acid bacteria inhabit the bamboo fiber chopped strands themselves. It becomes.
In the composting process in Step 5, the water content is appropriately given so that the water content is maintained at about 60 to 75%, and preferably about 70%, and mixed turning is performed. It is preferable to maintain the fermentation heat of about 70 ° C. by covering the bamboo fiber chopped strand with a vinyl sheet at a time when the ambient temperature is low as in winter. The composting process is about 40 days as described above.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the bamboo material crushed in the crushing step is mixed with tea husk having a moisture content of 70% or more, the mixed bamboo material and tea husk are pressure-kneaded, and the pressure-kneaded tea husk and bamboo material. Is cut into a minced shape with a cutter, and the chopped strands of defibrated bamboo fiber mixed with tea husks are composted. A compost with a high nitrogen content can be produced quickly without going through.
In addition, according to the present embodiment, the tea husk mixed in the tea husk mixing step is made into a fertilizer by making the bamboo alone by making the weight ratio including water 1.5 to 4 times the bamboo. The composting period can be shortened in comparison.
Moreover, according to the present Example, by mixing the tea husks in the tea husk mixing step so that the water content of the mixture of the tea husks and bamboo fiber chopped strands discharged in the swelling diffusion step is 64% to 75%. The water content can be optimized for composting.
In addition, the compost according to the present embodiment can be easily composted using tea husk and bamboo fiber chopped strands as main raw materials, and compost having a high fertilizer effect can be obtained.
Further, by the present embodiment lever, compost that will be produced after the composting process, by total nitrogen content of mixed tea leaves to be 1% or more, it is possible to obtain a high fertilizer effect compost .

  According to the present invention, extracted tea leaves such as extracted tea leaves discharged in large quantities from beverage manufacturers can be effectively used as fertilizers without performing dehydration or drying.

S1 crushing process S2 tea husk mixing process S3 pressure kneading process S4 swelling diffusion process S5 composting process

Claims (3)

Crushing process of crushing bamboo materials such as 孟 mul bamboo, Japanese bamboo, bamboo shoot, etc. into the required small pieces,
A tea husk mixing step of mixing tea husk having a water content of 70% or more with the bamboo material crushed in the crushing step and having a water content of less than 70% ;
A pressure kneading step of kneading the bamboo material mixed with the tea husk mixing step and the tea husk with a pressure extrusion apparatus at least at an internal pressure of 15 kg / cm ² or more;
The swelling and diffusion step of cutting the tea shell and the bamboo material pressure-kneaded in the pressure kneading step into a mince shape by cutting with a cutter, and discharging the minced bamboo material and the tea shell into the atmosphere from a porous nozzle,
A composting process for composting the defibrated bamboo fiber chopped strands discharged in the swelling diffusion process and mixed with the tea shells;
I have a,
The main ingredients are the tea leaves and the bamboo fiber chopped strands,
The method of composting bamboo material and tea husk, wherein the tea husk mixed in the tea husk mixing step is four times as much as the bamboo material in weight ratio including moisture . The ejected by swelling diffusion process, the so tea leaves and water content of the mixture of the bamboo fiber chopped strands is 64% to 75%, claims characterized by mixing the tea leaves in the tea leaves mixing step Item 2. A method for composting bamboo and tea leaves according to Item 1 . The composting method for bamboo and tea leaves according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the total nitrogen content of the compost produced after the composting step is 1% or more.