CN107377580B - Household garbage reduction recycling method and buried integrated device - Google Patents
Household garbage reduction recycling method and buried integrated device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107377580B CN107377580B CN201710564151.3A CN201710564151A CN107377580B CN 107377580 B CN107377580 B CN 107377580B CN 201710564151 A CN201710564151 A CN 201710564151A CN 107377580 B CN107377580 B CN 107377580B
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- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Abstract
The invention discloses a household garbage reduction and recycling method and a buried integrated device, and belongs to the field of environmental protection equipment. The recycling method is that the household garbage is crushed in the crushing device and then sent to the fermentation device for fermentation, the fermentation product is sieved, and the oversize material is recycled to the crushing device and crushed together with the fresh household garbage. The invention does not need to add microbial agents and related conditioning agents. The oversize material is the material with larger particles and incomplete fermentation, and the microbial community is rich in variety. The oversize material is fed back into the fermentation cylinder in proportion, and the method can be realized: 1) Performing secondary fermentation on the incompletely fermented oversize product; 2) Inoculating microorganisms to the fresh material; 3) And adjusting the water content and the porosity of the fresh material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection equipment, and particularly relates to a household garbage reduction and recycling method and a buried integrated device.
Background
In 2015, the total output of domestic garbage in China reaches 1.92 hundred million tons, and the contradiction between the increasing garbage amount and the terminal treatment facilities with insufficient capacity is remarkable. However, urban land resources are in shortage, and the refuse landfill is in overload operation; the refuse incineration is continued to avoid running, and the newly built incineration plant is difficult to land. Therefore, development of source reduction recycling treatment technology and matched equipment has important practical significance.
At present, the existing technology and equipment for reducing and recycling the household garbage are partially applied to the field of the household garbage, but the existing equipment has the problems of low automation degree, high cost of microbial inoculum auxiliary materials, large occupied area, complex supporting facilities, serious secondary pollution, severe environmental sanitation condition and the like, cannot adapt to the characteristics of land resource shortage and urban garbage, and severely limits the recycling utilization of organic corrodible components in the urban household garbage and the source reduction of the household garbage.
In addition, most of the existing garbage reduction and recycling integrated equipment adopts a composting mode, one part of composting products in the composting process is directly treated as return materials, and the other part of composting products are externally transported as flower matrixes, organic fertilizers and the like. The applicant researches show that the compost product of the recycled material can be used for microbial inoculation of fresh material, but the mode comprises a large amount of decomposed material, so that the material has smaller porosity and lower microbial content, and after being mixed with the fresh material, the compost product not only causes insufficient microbial inoculation, but also damages the aerobic fermentation environment in the material. Therefore, research and development of an improved underground type integrated equipment for reducing and recycling urban household garbage and a treatment method thereof are needed, and source reduction and recycling of the urban household garbage are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides an integrated device for reducing the amount of underground household garbage and a treatment method thereof.
The specific technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a domestic garbage reduction and reclamation method specifically comprises the following steps: crushing domestic garbage in a crushing device, then sending the crushed domestic garbage into a fermentation device for fermentation, screening fermentation products, and then returning oversize materials to the crushing device to be crushed together with fresh domestic garbage.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an integrated device for reducing the amount of resources of household garbage buried under the ground, wherein the device body is located under the ground and is provided with a lifting structure for lifting the device body out of the ground; the device main body comprises a crushing device, a fermentation device, a vibrating screen and a feed back device, wherein the crushing device is arranged below a feed inlet of the device main body, a discharge hole of the crushing device is connected with the feed inlet of the fermentation device, and garbage falling from the feed inlet of the device main body is crushed by the crushing device and enters the fermentation device for fermentation; the rear end of a discharge hole of the fermentation device is connected with a vibrating screen, and the undersize is collected by a collecting device; the waste gas discharge port and the waste water discharge port of the fermentation device are respectively connected to the treatment device.
Preferably, a garbage collection device is arranged above the device main body, a garbage outlet capable of being controlled to be opened and closed is arranged at the bottom of the garbage collection device, and the garbage outlet is abutted to a feed inlet of the device main body.
Further, garbage collection device bottom be equipped with the pressure sensing device that is used for responding to the interior rubbish weight of bucket, and be equipped with in the bucket and be used for the magnet roller that whether has metal in the response rubbish of the color sensor that is used for discernment bucket interior disposal bag colour, pressure sensing device, color sensor and magnet roller all are connected to controlling means for the switching of feedback control rubbish export.
Preferably, the collecting device and/or the processing device are provided with a lifting structure solely for lifting them out of the ground.
Preferably, the device also comprises a feed back device, and the oversize material screened by the vibrating screen is conveyed into the crushing device by the feed back device and is mixed with the fresh garbage for crushing.
Preferably, a condensate collecting tank is arranged above the material in the inner cavity of the fermentation device and is used for collecting volatile and condensed condensate water in the fermentation process.
Preferably, the top of the inner cavity of the fermentation device is formed into a triangular shape by two inclined planes, and diversion trenches are arranged below the inclined planes at both sides and are used for collecting condensed water condensed on the inclined planes in the fermentation process so as not to flow back into the fermentation material.
Preferably, the fermentation device adopts a layered fermentation reactor.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a household garbage reduction method using the above-mentioned integrated device with a garbage collection device (having a pressure sensor, a color sensor and a magnet roller inside), comprising the steps of:
1) After the garbage is poured into the garbage collection device, recognizing the garbage category through the color sensor and the magnetic roller, and if the recognized classified garbage bags are of non-target colors or the recognized garbage has metals, sending out a prompt by the garbage collection device to inform a garbage pouring person to take the garbage; the pressure sensing device arranged at the bottom of the garbage collection device records the weight, and if the garbage in the garbage collection device exceeds a weight threshold value and non-target color garbage bags or metals are not present in the garbage collection device, an opening at the bottom of the garbage collection device is opened to enable the garbage to enter the crushing device;
2) The mixed materials are crushed by the crushing device and then enter the fermentation device, and the garbage is subjected to aerobic fermentation under the cooperation of stirring and aeration; the decomposed materials after fermentation enter a vibrating screen from a discharge hole of a fermentation device, the oversize materials enter the vibrating screen, and the undersize materials are collected in a collecting device;
3) The collection device for collecting the undersize products is lifted to the above ground for cleaning and outward transportation at regular time, and the undersize products are conveyed to the crushing device by the feed back device after being blown off by plastic and are crushed together with fresh household garbage as feed back;
4) The treatment device is lifted to the ground at regular intervals, and the wastewater is lowered to the ground again after being transported outwards or the filler is replaced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can realize zero occupation of land resources, save civil investment and solve the problem of shortage of urban land resources. The underground household garbage reduction resource integrated device is buried below the arrangement area of the district-type garbage collection device, household garbage is treated in situ, so that the garbage classification accuracy is greatly improved, the household garbage collection and transportation amount is reduced, the household garbage recycling utilization rate is improved, fertilizer products can be consumed in gardens in the area, and the garden maintenance cost is reduced.
2. The invention does not need to add microbial agents and related conditioning agents. The oversize material of the vibrating screen is a material with larger particles and incomplete fermentation, and the microbial community is rich in variety. The oversize material is fed back into the fermentation cylinder in proportion, and the method can be realized: 1) Performing secondary fermentation on the incompletely fermented oversize product; 2) Inoculating microorganisms to the fresh material; 3) And adjusting the water content and the porosity of the fresh material.
3. The whole system and the device have compact structure, convenient disassembly and assembly and easy maintenance.
4. In the high-temperature fermentation process, a large amount of water is evaporated in a conventional cylindrical cylinder body due to heat generated by microorganisms, more condensed water is formed at the top of the cylinder, the condensed water falls into a fermentation container again after aggregation, and the water returns to the material to reduce the fermentation temperature, slow down the material heating rate and reduce the material decomposition and drying rate. The condensed liquid collecting tank is additionally arranged in the barrel of the fermentation container to block flow of condensed water, so that the fermentation temperature and the temperature rising rate can be ensured, and the drying and the decomposition of materials are accelerated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an integrated apparatus for reducing the amount of domestic garbage and resources in embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic layout of core components of the integrated apparatus for reducing household garbage and resources in embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fermentation apparatus of example 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the external structure of the garbage collection device;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the construction of the garbage collection device;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of core components of the integrated apparatus for reducing household garbage and resources in embodiment 2;
in the figure: crusher 1, fermentation cylinder 2, elevator 3, vibrating screen 4, collecting vessel 5, pulley 6, waste water and waste gas treatment equipment 7, blast pipe 8, hydraulic lifting rod 9, frame 10, garbage collection device 11, bung 1101, side opening 1102, pressure sensing device 1103, device main body feed port 1104, magnetic roller 1105, fermentation cylinder body 201, fermentation cylinder top cover 202, guiding gutter 203.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated and described below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. The technical features of the invention can be combined correspondingly on the premise of no mutual conflict.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a device body of the integrated device for reducing the amount of domestic garbage and resources is positioned below the ground, and structures for accommodating the device body can be excavated in advance. The device main body comprises a crusher 1, a fermentation cylinder 2, a vibrating screen 4 and a feed back device, the whole device is arranged on a frame 10 with a steel structure, hydraulic lifting rods 9 are respectively arranged on four corners of the frame 10, and the bottom of each hydraulic lifting rod 9 is supported on the bottom surface of an underground structure of the device main body and used for lifting the device main body out of the ground. In this embodiment, the fermentation cylinder 2 adopts a layered fermentation reactor provided in the patent application No. 2015178168. X, that is, the reactor includes a cylinder body and a stirring device, and the stirring device includes: the stirring device comprises a central shaft, a conveying screw for axially pushing materials, a plurality of stirring paddles and a stirring paddle, wherein the conveying screw is concentrically fixed on one side of the central shaft and extends gradually from the axial end to the middle position of the shaft, and the stirring paddles and the conveying screw are coaxially fixed on the other side of the central shaft. The central shaft is concentrically arranged in the cylinder, a feed inlet is arranged on one side of the cylinder close to the conveying screw, and a discharge outlet is arranged on one side of the cylinder close to the stirring blade. The layout standard of the stirring blade is as follows: in the rotating process, pushing force along the axial direction of the central shaft is not generated, one implementation mode is that a plurality of stirring paddles are arranged on different radial planes of the central shaft, and paddles formed by the stirring paddles on each plane are flat-leaf opening turbine types. The reactor can form a layered fermentation system through the stirring device, and improves the quality of the outlet product.
The breaker 1 sets up in the feed inlet below of device main part, and the feed inlet of device main part can parallel and level and ground setting for supply the user to throw in rubbish. The discharge port of the crusher 1 is positioned above the feed port of the fermentation cylinder 2, and garbage falling from the feed port of the device main body is crushed by the crusher 1 and enters the fermentation cylinder 2 for fermentation. The rear end of the discharge hole of the fermentation cylinder 2 lifts the material to the vibrating screen 4 through the lifting machine 3. After being screened by the vibrating screen 4, the materials are divided into oversize materials and undersize materials, and the undersize materials are directly collected by the collecting barrel 5 for achieving the fermentation of fermented finished products with smaller particles; the purity of the undersize is above 95%, belongs to decomposed biomass resources, and can be directly used for agriculture. The particles of the oversize products are larger and still remain on the screen surface, and the oversize products are not thoroughly decomposed yet to meet the fermentation requirement. The oversize can be stored in a collecting container in advance or directly conveyed into the crusher 1 through a return device such as a conveyor belt and the like, and mixed with fresh garbage for crushing. Compared with the method of directly adding microbial agents or directly recycling fermentation products, the vibrating screen 4 has rich microbial community types in the oversize products, and the oversize products recycling is beneficial to secondary fermentation of the oversize products with incomplete fermentation, and meanwhile the water content and the porosity of the fresh material can be adjusted.
The waste gas discharge port and the waste water discharge port of the fermentation cylinder 2 are respectively connected to a waste water and waste gas treatment device 7, and the gas of the waste water and waste gas treatment device 7 is led to the above ground through an exhaust pipe 8. And the collecting vessel 5 and the waste water and waste gas treatment equipment 7 are separately provided with lifting structures for lifting the waste water and waste gas treatment equipment out of the ground, so that the waste water and waste gas treatment equipment can be separately transported and overhauled.
As shown in fig. 3, the fermenter 2 of the embodiment is composed of a fermenter body 201 and a fermenter top cover 202, the fermenter top cover 202 is composed of two inclined planes, and the lower parts of the inclined planes of the two sides are respectively provided with a diversion trench 203 for collecting condensed water condensed and on the inclined planes in the fermentation process so as not to flow back to the fermentation material. Of course, the fermenter levels 202 may not be triangular, but may be shaped differently as desired. The diversion trench 203 is only one implementation mode of the condensate flow blocking device, and the flow blocking can be realized by a baffle, a stop block, a mesh cloth and the like, so long as condensate can be prevented from dripping on the surface of the material.
The integrated device can be wholly buried under the ground without occupying the ground space, and can effectively control secondary pollution (waste gas and waste water) to build good environmental sanitation conditions.
The whole integrated device can realize automatic control through a PLC, and the household garbage reduction method by using the integrated device is specifically as follows:
1) The garbage is poured into a feeding hole arranged on the ground of the main body of the device and then mixed with the oversize materials to enter the crusher 1.
2) The garbage materials are crushed into particles with the particle size smaller than 3 cm-5 cm under the shearing and extrusion of the crushing cutter teeth, then fall into the fermentation cylinder 2 right below, the materials are axially propelled by the conveying screw in the fermentation cylinder 2, and the garbage is subjected to aerobic fermentation for 8-10 days under the cooperation of stirring and aeration.
3) The decomposed materials are discharged from a discharge hole at the other end of the fermentation cylinder 2 and drop to a vibrating screen 4 right below, and the undersize materials enter a collecting barrel 5.
4) The collecting barrel 5 is lifted above the ground periodically for cleaning and outward transportation, and after plastic blowing off is completed on the screen, the screen material is automatically conveyed to the crusher 1 by manpower or through a feed back device to be mixed with fresh garbage, and is used as feed back for inoculating microorganisms, and meanwhile, the water content and the porosity can be adjusted.
5) When the wastewater liquid level in the wastewater and exhaust gas treatment equipment 7 reaches a liquid level meter or an exhaust gas treatment filler needs to be replaced, the wastewater and exhaust gas treatment equipment 7 is lifted to be above the ground, and the wastewater is conveyed outside or the filler is replaced and then is lowered to be below the ground again.
In general, the collection tank 5 needs to be lifted above the ground every day to finish the outward transportation of the organic fertilizer, the waste water and waste gas treatment equipment 7 is lifted to the ground periodically to perform the outward transportation of the waste water, the waste gas treatment filler is replaced, and the fermentation cylinder 2, the screening machine and other unit modules are lifted only during maintenance.
The crusher 1 can rotate forward and reversely under the control of a PLC program, if the condition of locked rotation occurs, the PLC sends a stop signal to a motor of the crusher 1, after waiting for 15s, the PLC sends a reverse rotation signal to the crusher 1, after the reverse rotation is performed for 30s, the PLC sends a forward rotation signal, and the locked rotation fault of the crusher 1 is relieved.
The fermentation barrel can be internally provided with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an oxygen concentration sensor for detecting the internal fermentation environment, and simultaneously provided with a resistance heater, an aeration device, a stirring motor (used for driving a central shaft) and a negative pressure air extraction motor for adjusting environmental parameters. In order to ensure good garbage fermentation effect, the following process control can be performed in the fermentation process: if the temperature is less than 55 ℃, the PLC sends a signal to the resistance heater, and the heating device is turned on until the temperature is greater than 55 ℃ and then turned off. In addition, if the oxygen concentration is less than 10%, the aeration device is started to stop aeration after the oxygen concentration is more than 15%.
When the humidity sensor in the fermentation cylinder 2 detects that the air humidity at the top of the cylinder is more than 60 percent or the temperature in the cylinder is more than 70 ℃, the PLC sends working signals to the stirring motor and the negative pressure air suction motor of the fermentation cylinder 2, and when the air humidity at the top of the cylinder is less than 50 percent or the temperature in the cylinder is less than 70 ℃, the PLC sends a stop working signal.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the main body of the integrated device is the same as that of embodiment 1, but the garbage collection device is optimally designed to increase the content of organic matters in garbage entering the integrated device. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in this embodiment, the bottom of the garbage collection device 11 is provided with 4 pressure sensing devices 1103 for sensing the weight of garbage in the bin, and a color sensor for identifying the color of the garbage bag in the bin and a magnetic roller 1105 for sensing whether metal is present in the garbage are provided in the bin, and the pressure sensing devices 1103, the color sensor and the magnetic roller 1105 are all connected to a control device for feedback control of opening and closing of the garbage outlet. The user can throw the waste into the waste collection device by opening the lid 1101 and can also remove the waste from the side opening 1102.
The type of garbage can be identified through the color sensor and the magnetic roller, and the garbage which cannot be degraded is removed. The color sensor is used for identifying the colors of the garbage bags, and in the garbage classification system greatly carried out in the current city, the garbage bags of kitchen garbage are generally green, so that if the entering classified garbage bags are identified as non-green, the garbage is considered to be not kitchen garbage. The magnetic roller has magnetism, so that whether metal exists in garbage can be identified. If the two identify that the garbage entering the garbage collection device is not kitchen garbage or metal exists, an alarm sound is sent out to prompt that the garbage needs to be taken from the side opening of the garbage collection device; if the entering classified garbage bag is identified as green (organic household garbage) and no metal is identified, no alarm is issued. When the weight of the garbage in the garbage collection device sensed by the pressure sensing device exceeds a preset value, the bottom of the garbage can is opened, and the garbage enters the crusher 1 from the feeding hole 1104 of the main body of the device for crushing.
The whole integrated device and the garbage collection device can realize automatic control through a PLC, and the household garbage reduction method by utilizing the integrated device is specifically as follows:
pouring garbage into a garbage collection device, identifying the garbage category through a color sensor and a magnetic roller, and if the garbage is identified to be of a non-target color or metal exists in the garbage, sending out a prompt to inform a garbage pouring person to take the garbage; and if the garbage in the garbage collection device exceeds a weight threshold value and non-target color garbage bags or metals do not exist in the garbage inside, opening the bottom opening of the garbage collection device to enable the garbage to enter the crusher 1, and mixing and crushing fresh garbage and oversize material return materials.
The subsequent process flow is the same as in the embodiment.
Example 3
Compared with the embodiment 2, the difference of this embodiment is that the top of the cylinder body of the fermentation cylinder 2 is circular, and no condensate collecting groove is provided, as shown in fig. 6. The condensed water volatilized and condensed in the fermentation process is returned to the fermentation material.
The key point of the invention is that the household garbage is crushed in the crushing device and then sent to the fermentation device for fermentation, the fermentation product is sieved, and the oversize material is recycled to the crushing device and crushed together with the fresh household garbage. The integrated device of the three embodiments can be used for fermenting the household garbage without adding microbial agents and related conditioning agents. The following invention incorporates experimental effect data to provide one skilled in the art with a better understanding of the effects of the various improvements of the invention.
Test 1
The test was performed using the integrated apparatus of example 2, specifically according to the following steps:
1) The classified kitchen waste is sequentially poured into a waste collection device, the alarming non-organic waste is taken out from the side, the waste collection device records weight of 50kg, 15kg of oversize material returned from plastic blowing off is crushed together with fresh kitchen waste and then enters the fermentation cylinder 2.
2) The operating parameters are adjusted as follows: the temperature of the fermentation cylinder is above 55 ℃, intermittent aeration is adopted, the aeration amount is 350L/min, the aeration frequency is 1min/40min, negative pressure air suction is 10min/2h for intermittent operation, and the total fermentation time is 15 days. In the fermentation process, when the air humidity of the cylinder top in the fermentation cylinder body is more than 60% or the temperature reaches 70 ℃, a PLC sends an alarm signal to a display, meanwhile, the PLC sends working signals to a stirring motor and a negative pressure exhaust motor, the pile body turns over, a large amount of heat is dissipated and is pumped away from the cylinder body, and after the air humidity of the cylinder top is less than 50% or the temperature is reduced to below 67 ℃, the stirring motor and the exhaust fan stop working; the oxygen concentration is lower than 10%, the PLC sends an alarm signal to the display, meanwhile, the PLC sends a working signal to the air compressor, and after the oxygen concentration is higher than 15%, the PLC sends a stop working signal to the air compressor.
Test 2
The test was performed using the integrated apparatus of example 2, but the oversize product was not recycled, specifically according to the following steps:
1) The classified kitchen waste is sequentially poured into a waste collection device, the alarming non-organic waste is taken out from the side, the waste collection device records weight of 50kg, microbial agents are added according to the proportion of 2.0%, and the waste is crushed and then enters the fermentation cylinder 2.
2) Subsequent operating parameter adjustments were consistent with trial 1.
Test 3
The test was performed using the integrated apparatus of example 2, specifically according to the following steps:
1) The classified kitchen waste is sequentially poured into a waste collection device, the alarming non-organic waste is taken out from the side edge, the waste collection device records weight of 50kg, no microbial agent or fermentation product return material is added, and the kitchen waste enters the fermentation cylinder 2 after being crushed.
2) Subsequent operating parameter adjustments were consistent with trial 1.
Test 4
The test was performed using the integrated apparatus of example 2, but without screening the fermentation product, specifically according to the following steps:
1) The classified kitchen waste is sequentially poured into a waste collection device, the alarming non-organic waste is taken out from the side, the waste collection device records weight of 50kg, the fermentation products blown off by plastic are not screened, 15kg of return materials are directly taken, and the return materials and the fresh kitchen waste are crushed and enter the fermentation cylinder 2.
2) Subsequent operating parameter adjustments were consistent with trial 1.
Test 5
The test was performed using the integrated apparatus of example 1, specifically according to the following steps:
1) Directly pouring kitchen waste into a waste collection device without classification, mixing the waste with the same weight as that of the test 1 and 15kg of oversize material returned after plastic blowing, and crushing the mixture and then entering the fermentation cylinder 2.
2) Subsequent operating parameter adjustments were consistent with trial 1.
Test 6
The test used the integrated apparatus of example 3, and the test procedure and process parameters were exactly the same as those of test 1.
The above experimental process parameters and fermentation product properties are as follows, 1d representing day 1 of composting, the remainder being the same:
TABLE 1 influence of feed back, additive bacteria, non-feed back on fermentation process
The differences between test 1, test 2 and test 3 are: the oversize material blown off by plastic is added for recycling in the test 1, the microbial agent is added for promoting fermentation in the test 2, and no recycling aseptic agent is added in the test 3. After the material is subjected to aerobic high-temperature fermentation for 15 days, the material is basically decomposed, the screened undersize is decomposed material with small particle size, and the oversize is material with larger particle size and incomplete fermentation. The partially degraded material is still in the middle stage of fermentation, contains a large amount of dominant microorganisms, can inoculate fresh materials more efficiently than the operation of microbial agents or non-return materials on the market, increases the microbial load, accelerates the temperature rising speed of the materials, and accelerates the degradation of organic matters and the drying of water. Meanwhile, the material with incomplete fermentation realizes secondary degradation, and the recycling efficiency of the equipment is improved. Finally, in the three comparative tests, the germination rate of the seeds in test 1 is significantly higher than that in test 2 and test 3, indicating that the material in test 1 is significantly better in rotten degree.
The differences between test 1 and test 4 are: test 4 was conducted with plastic blow-off only and no sieving of the return material. The feed back operation is to ferment the feed back and the fresh material according to a certain proportion, the material is not screened in the test 4, the feed back contains the material which is completely fermented, the water content of the fresh material is regulated to a certain extent, but the effect of the test 1 is not obvious for the inoculation of microorganisms, and the inoculation microorganism amount is less. And because the particle size of the decomposed materials is smaller, the pores among fresh materials are blocked, so that the air circulation is not smooth, an anoxic and even anaerobic environment is formed, and the aerobic fermentation is not facilitated.
The differences between test 1 and test 5 are: the fresh material in test 5 is not identified by the front-end classification garbage bin, a lot of non-kitchen garbage is mixed, the material temperature rising rate is obviously reduced, the organic matter content is low, the degradation rate is low, and the final material is incompletely fermented and has low decomposition degree.
The differences between test 1 and test 6 are: test 6 used the round fermenter of example 3, where the initial material was warmed up normally and when the mass of microorganisms degraded the organic matter, a large amount of heat was generated. The moisture in the material absorbs heat and then turns into vapor to evaporate and rise, part of the vapor is pumped out of the fermentation cylinder, the pumped vapor is condensed into liquid to be attached to the top after meeting the cylinder top above, and then the liquid is converged into drops and then falls onto the surface of the material again. The specific heat capacity of water is large, a large amount of condensed water absorbs heat, the temperature of the material is reduced, the whole fermentation process is slowed down, and finally the decomposition degree and the water removal of the material after fermentation are influenced.
The above embodiment is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all the technical schemes obtained by adopting the equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The household garbage reduction method by utilizing the integrated device is characterized in that the integrated device main body is positioned below the ground and is provided with a lifting structure for lifting the device main body out of the ground;
the device main body comprises a crushing device, a fermentation device, a vibrating screen and a feed back device, wherein the crushing device is arranged below a feed inlet of the device main body, a discharge hole of the crushing device is connected with the feed inlet of the fermentation device, and garbage falling from the feed inlet of the device main body is crushed by the crushing device and enters the fermentation device for fermentation; the rear end of a discharge hole of the fermentation device is connected with a vibrating screen, and the undersize is collected by a collecting device; the waste gas discharge port and the waste water discharge port of the fermentation device are respectively connected to the treatment device;
a garbage collection device is arranged above the device main body, a garbage outlet which can be controlled to be opened and closed is arranged at the bottom of the garbage collection device, and the garbage outlet is abutted against a feed inlet of the device main body;
the bottom of the garbage collection device is provided with a pressure sensing device for sensing the weight of garbage in the bin, the bin is internally provided with a color sensor for identifying the color of the garbage bag in the bin and a magnetic roller for sensing whether metal exists in the garbage, and the pressure sensing device, the color sensor and the magnetic roller are connected to a control device for controlling the opening and closing of a garbage outlet in a feedback manner;
the household garbage reduction method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) After the garbage is poured into the garbage collection device, recognizing the garbage category through the color sensor and the magnetic roller, and if the recognized classified garbage bags are of non-target colors or the recognized garbage has metals, sending out a prompt by the garbage collection device to inform a garbage pouring person to take the garbage; the pressure sensing device arranged at the bottom of the garbage collection device records the weight, and if the garbage in the garbage collection device exceeds a weight threshold value and non-target color garbage bags or metals are not present in the garbage collection device, an opening at the bottom of the garbage collection device is opened to enable the garbage to enter the crushing device;
2) The mixed materials are crushed by the crushing device and then enter the fermentation device, and the garbage is subjected to aerobic fermentation under the cooperation of stirring and aeration; the decomposed materials after fermentation enter a vibrating screen from a discharge hole of a fermentation device, the oversize materials enter the vibrating screen, and the undersize materials are collected in a collecting device;
3) The collecting device for collecting the undersize products is lifted to the position above the ground at regular time for cleaning and outward transportation, and the undersize products are conveyed to the crushing device by the feed back device after being blown off by plastic and are crushed together with fresh household garbage as feed back;
4) The treatment device is lifted to the ground at regular intervals, and the wastewater is lowered to the ground again after being transported outwards or the filler is replaced.
2. The method for reducing household garbage by using an integrated device according to claim 1, wherein the collecting device and/or the treating device are/is separately provided with a lifting structure for lifting the collecting device and/or the treating device out of the ground.
3. The method for reducing household garbage by using an integrated device according to claim 1, wherein the oversize material screened by the vibrating screen is conveyed to the crushing device by the feed back device and is mixed with fresh garbage for crushing.
4. The method for reducing household garbage by using an integrated device according to claim 1, wherein a condensate collecting tank is arranged above the material in the inner cavity of the fermentation device and is used for collecting volatile and condensed condensate in the fermentation process.
5. The method for reducing household garbage by using an integrated device according to claim 1, wherein the top of the inner cavity of the fermentation device is formed by two inclined planes, and guide grooves are arranged below the inclined planes of the two sides and are used for collecting condensed water condensed on the inclined planes in the fermentation process so as not to flow back into the fermentation material.
6. The method for reducing household garbage by using an integrated device according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation device adopts a layered fermentation reactor.
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| CN114105693B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-26 | 沣田宝农业科技有限公司 | Static fermentation equipment of organic fertilizer based on microorganism |
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Denomination of invention: Methods for Reducing and Resourcing Domestic Waste and Buried Integrated Devices Effective date of registration: 20231007 Granted publication date: 20230718 Pledgee: Guotou Taikang Trust Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: ZHEJIANG CHUANCHAO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2023980059644 |