CN105478443A - In-situ reduction type integrated device and treatment method for household garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated device for in-situ weight reduction of domestic garbage and a processing method thereof. There is a lifting device on one side of the device body, which is used to lift the garbage and pour it into the crushing device located on the top of the device body; the outlet of the crushing device is connected to the feed port of the aerobic reaction double cylinder through a conveying device; the aerobic The reaction double cylinder is composed of two aerobic reactors connected in series. Each aerobic reactor is equipped with a stirring rotor along the axis for pushing and stirring materials. One end of the stirring rotor is connected with a driving device to drive its rotation. ; A vibrating screen is set under the outlet of the aerobic reaction double cylinder. The invention adopts the overall crushing and reduction treatment of rural garbage, which is suitable for mixing and sorting various kinds of garbage; it adopts layer-by-layer stirring and conveying, and the materials are fermented separately in different periods to improve the maturity of materials; the overall device has a compact structure and a small footprint , Easy to disassemble and assemble, easy to maintain.

Description

Domestic waste in-situ reduction integrated device and processing method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of garbage treatment, and in particular relates to an integrated device for in-situ weight reduction of domestic garbage and a treatment method thereof.

Background technique

my country's rural population accounts for 60%-70% of the country's total population. With the rapid development of my country's village and town economy, the lifestyle and production mode of village and town residents have evolved, and the amount of domestic waste generated in villages and towns is increasing. According to statistics, domestic villages and towns produce domestic waste every year About 164 million tons. Rural garbage in my country has the characteristics of scattered points, wide distribution, difficult collection and transportation; high nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter content, easy to pollute the ecological environment; significant regional differences, large seasonal changes, and difficult to handle. Over 2 million mu of farmland has been occupied and damaged by dumping garbage and other waste across the country. Surveys in the Taihu River Network area during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period show that the depth of garbage accumulated in the river is in the range of 1-2m. Rubbish dumping and random stacking seriously pollute the water body and soil environment, directly affect the safety of rural drinking water and agricultural products, lead to the deterioration of the living environment, pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and sustainable agricultural development, and restrict the construction of a well-off society in rural areas and new rural areas in our country process. In terms of treatment and disposal, the main treatment methods for rural garbage in my country are simple landfill, open-air or soil method incineration, simple stack retting and traditional anaerobic fermentation. The rapid growth of rural garbage and the serious backwardness of treatment and disposal technology are the bottleneck factors in the construction of a new socialist countryside with "village appearance and cleanliness". Solving the problem of rural garbage is the priority content of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" "National Medium and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan", and the plan includes "comprehensive pollution control and waste recycling" and "agricultural non-point source pollution control" in the environmental field The priority theme is to focus on research and development of key technologies and equipment for the efficient and comprehensive utilization of rural waste, and to build a rural waste recycling and full-process environmental management system. Promoting the construction of a new socialist countryside is an important task during my country's "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period. Ensuring the safety of the rural environment and improving the level of resource utilization for rural development is an important content of the new socialist countryside. At present, some efficient rural waste reduction and recycling technologies based on rural waste classification have been developed, but the effect of rural waste classification is not satisfactory in reality. Bit reduction treatment often has problems such as heavy material wear on equipment, serious plastic bag entanglement, low biomass separation efficiency, and poor fertilizer efficiency, which seriously affect subsequent agricultural use. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an integrated device for in-situ reduction of rural domestic waste and its treatment method to effectively solve the technical problems of efficient and safe resource utilization of rural domestic waste.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the defects of technology or equipment in the background technology, the object of the present invention is to provide an integrated device for in-situ reduction of domestic waste and its treatment method, so as to realize a large reduction in the amount of rural domestic waste in situ and obtain high-decomposition raw materials. At the same time, it avoids the wear and tear of the heavy material in the material on the equipment, and solves the problem of plastic winding on the main shaft.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

An integrated device for in-situ reduction of domestic waste, comprising: a lifting device is provided on one side of the device body for lifting the garbage and pouring it into a crushing device located on the top of the device body; The feed ports are connected by a conveying device; the aerobic reaction double cylinder is composed of two aerobic reactors connected in series, and each aerobic reactor is equipped with a tube for pushing and stirring materials along the axis. Stirring rotor, one end of the stirring rotor is connected with a driving device to drive its rotation; a vibrating screen is set under the outlet of the aerobic reaction double cylinder.

Preferably, the stirring rotor is composed of a central shaft, a conveying screw and a stirring blade, the conveying screw is concentrically fixed on one side of the central shaft and extends in a tapered manner from the end of the shaft to the middle of the shaft for axially pushing materials The agitating blades and the conveying screw are coaxially fixed on the other side of the central axis; the layout standard of several agitating blades is: no pushing force along the axial direction of the central axis is generated during the rotation process.

As a preference, the cross-section of the stirring paddles is diamond-shaped, and the major axis of the rhombus is parallel to the axial direction of the central axis; the stirring paddles are arranged on different equidistant radial planes of the central axis, and each plane The paddles formed by the stirring blades on the top are all straight blade open turbine types; the number of stirring blades on different radial planes is equal and the projections along the axis of the central axis coincide.

As a further preference, the aerobic reaction double cylinder is composed of a first aerobic reaction cylinder and a second aerobic reaction cylinder; the feed inlet is arranged on the first aerobic reaction cylinder close to the conveying screw one end, the outlet is set on the second aerobic reaction cylinder near the end of the stirring blade, the first aerobic reaction cylinder near the end of the stirring blade and the second aerobic reaction cylinder near the end One end of the conveying screw is connected through the connecting port of the cylinder.

Preferably, there is a height difference between the first aerobic reaction cylinder and the second aerobic reaction cylinder, so that the inclination angle between the connection port of the cylinder and the horizontal plane is 40°-60°.

As a preference, the crushing device adopts a double-roller crusher, and the double-roller crusher includes crushing teeth, a crushing chamber, and a transmission gear; Connected, driven by the transmission gear at the same speed and rotated in reverse, the crushing teeth are evenly distributed axially on the crushing gear roller.

As a further preference, the crushing teeth are arc-shaped internal teeth, with 8 to 14 uniformly distributed in the axial direction; the vibrating screen includes a plane screen, a screening chamber, a support frame, and a vibrating motor; The screen is arranged obliquely in the screening chamber, with an inclination angle of 5°~6.3°; the vibrating motor is placed on the lower side of the plane screen, one-third from the front end.

Preferably, the said conveying device adopts a belt conveyor, the said driving device includes a reducer and a matching three-phase asynchronous motor, and the said lifting device is a lifting guide rail.

An integrated treatment method for in-situ reduction of domestic waste using the device, comprising the following steps:

The barrel-shaped garbage is lifted by the garbage can lifting device, tilted into the crushing device for bag breaking and crushing, and the crushed garbage falls to the belt conveyor; the crushed garbage is transported to the first aerobic reaction cylinder and Fermentation is carried out in the second aerobic reaction cylinder. In the first aerobic reaction cylinder and the second aerobic reaction cylinder, the temperature is controlled at 60-70°C, and the aerobic fermentation environment is maintained by blast aeration. The material is fermented layer by layer and the particle size of the biomass is reduced, and the particle size of other impurities is kept at 3-7cm; the fermented material is transported to the vibrating screen through the discharge port, and the material is uniformly vibrated through the continuous vibration of the vibrating screen. Quality, removal of impurities.

Compared with background technology, the beneficial effect that the present invention has is:

The invention adopts the overall crushing and weight reduction treatment of rural garbage, is suitable for mixing and sorting various kinds of garbage, solves the problem of plastic winding around the main shaft, and improves the operation stability of the equipment.

The invention can greatly reduce the amount of rural domestic garbage in situ, greatly improve the purity of biomass, and can be directly used as agricultural resources.

The invention adopts layer-by-layer stirring and conveying, separates fermentation of materials at different time periods, and improves the maturity of materials.

The integral device of the present invention has compact structure, small occupied area, convenient assembly and disassembly, and easy maintenance.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an integrated device for in-situ reduction of domestic waste;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a twin-roller crusher of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the crushing tooth of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of aerobic reaction double cylinders of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a vibrating screen of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the stirring rotor of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Lifting device, 2. Crushing device, 3. Conveying device, 4. Aerobic reaction double cylinder, 5. Reducer, 6. Three-phase asynchronous motor, 7. Vibrating screen, 8. Stirring rotor, 2 -1. Crushing chamber, 2-2, transmission gear, 2-3, crushing teeth, 4-1, feed inlet, 4-2, first aerobic reaction cylinder, 4-3, cylinder connection port, 4-4, the second aerobic reaction cylinder, 4-5, the discharge port, 7-1, the flat screen, 7-2, the screening chamber, 7-3, the support frame, 7-4, the vibration Motor, 8-1, central shaft, 8-2, tapered screw, 8-3, rhombus paddle.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, an integrated device for in-situ reduction of domestic waste, including: a lifting device 1 is provided on one side of the device body, which is used to lift the waste and pour it into the crushing device 2 located on the top of the device body; The outlet of the device 2 is connected to the feed port 4-1 of the aerobic reaction double cylinder body 4 through the delivery device 3; the aerobic reaction double cylinder body 4 is composed of two aerobic reactors connected in series, each well The oxygen reactor is equipped with a stirring rotor 8 along the axis for pushing and stirring materials. One end of the stirring rotor 8 is connected with a driving device 10 for driving its rotation; Set vibrating screen 7 under.

Working principle and process of the present invention are as follows:

The collected barrel-shaped garbage is lifted by the garbage can lifting device 1, and is tilted into the crushing device 2 for bag breaking and crushing. The crushing device 2 crushes the mixed garbage or sorted garbage to a particle size of 3 to 7 cm through its shearing action. The crushed garbage falls onto the conveying device 3; the conveying device 3 conveys the crushed rubbish to the feed port 4-1, and the aerobic reaction double cylinder 4 carries out joint and segmented fermentation, and the aerobic reaction is carried out in the cylinder through the stirring rotor 8 The material is fermented at a temperature of 60-70°C with layer-by-layer conveying and agitation, and an aerobic environment for fermentation is achieved by blasting and aeration, so that the particle size of the biomass is gradually fermented and dehydrated, and the particle size is reduced. Other impurities cannot be fermented, and the original particle size is kept at 3-7cm; the fermented material passes through the discharge port 4-5 to the vibrating screen 7, and is vibrated continuously by the vibrating screen to achieve biomass homogeneity and impurity removal through material differences. The decomposed biomass with a purity greater than 95% can be directly utilized as a resource. The stirring device is fixed in the reactor, and the material entering the reactor is pushed along the tapering direction through the conveying screw to reach the area where the stirring blade is located. Stirring paddles stir the material to make it fully mixed and fermented. Finally, the fermented material is output to the outside of the reactor to realize continuous processing.

As shown in Figure 6, the stirring rotor 8 is composed of a central shaft 8-1, a conveying screw 8-2 and a stirring paddle 8-3, and the conveying screw 8-2 is concentrically fixed on one side of the central shaft 8-1 and It extends in a tapered manner towards the middle of the shaft, and is used to push materials axially; the stirring paddle 9 and the conveying screw 7 are coaxially fixed on the other side of the central shaft 8-1; the layout standard of several stirring paddles 9 is: During the rotation process, there is no axial pushing force along the central axis 8-1.

The reason for setting this layout standard is: during the feeding process, if the feeding is stopped, the conveying screw will not generate a pushing force on the material pile in the reactor, but it will only be pushed to the stirring blade to receive the material piled by the stirring blade. Circumferentially agitated, but not pushed further outward. Therefore, the incoming materials of the same batch will be concentrated in a fixed area and will not be mixed with other batches of materials. When the previous batch of incoming materials is fermented to a certain extent, further materials can be added to the conveying screw, and new materials can be used to push the fermented materials outward, forming a layered fermentation system in the reactor. This system can greatly reduce the mixing rate of old and new materials, effectively control the residence time of solid materials in the reactor, improve the degradation efficiency of output materials, and improve the quality of final products.

In this embodiment, the stirring blades are added to improve the stirring rigidity of the blades and the anti-disturbance strength and rigidity. The cross section of the stirring blades 9 is diamond-shaped, and the long axis of the rhombus is axially parallel to the central axis 8-1. When stirring, the stirring paddle contacts the material with the largest surface, and fully stirs the material around the paddle to make it ferment evenly.

The stirring blades 9 are arranged on different equidistant radial planes of the central axis 8-1, and the paddle type formed by the stirring blades 9 on each plane is a straight-blade open turbine type. The paddles distributed in this form make the filler flow radially, and there is almost no axial flow, so the axial mixing between new and old materials is minimized. The number of stirring paddles 9 on different radial planes is equal, and the projections along the axial direction of the central axis 8-1 overlap. That is, the postures of the stirring blades on different radial planes arranged on the central axis are the same, and there is no misalignment between the blades. Misaligned paddles will also cause the material to be propelled in a discontinuous jump, increasing the axial mixing rate of the material. Equidistant radial planes enable materials to be fed at a relatively stable rate, and the reaction of each section is relatively uniform, which is easy to control.

The core problem of in-situ fermentation of solid waste is the long residence time of the material and the uneven maturity of the material. , The axial mixing rate between materials is high, resulting in the inability to accurately control the residence time of materials. At present, the structure of the existing twin-shaft reactor in the market is similar to the present invention, but the inside of the reactor is provided with two side-by-side stirring shafts. In order to make a comparison, the uniaxial reactor and the biaxial reactor of the present invention were calculated and simulated by using EDEM discrete element modeling for their axial mixing ratio. Through simulation, it is found that the axial mixing rate of the twin-shaft reactor can reach more than 42% while realizing the plug flow of materials; while the axial mixing rate of the single-shaft reactor is only 17%, which is obviously better than that of the double-shaft reactor. shaft reactor. Effectively realize the layered fermentation of materials in the reactor, especially suitable for layered fermentation, the mixing ratio of materials in different periods is small, and at the same time ensure full mixing in the same period, full contact with the medium and microorganisms, precisely control the residence time of materials in each stage, and improve fermentation efficiency , To ensure product quality. Compared with the twin-shaft reactor, the product maturity (seed germination rate) obtained by the single-shaft reactor is more than twice that of the twin-shaft reactor, and can reach more than 50%.

As shown in Figure 4, the aerobic reaction double cylinder 4 is made up of the first aerobic reaction cylinder 4-2 and the second aerobic reaction cylinder 4-5; The end of the aerobic reaction cylinder 4-2 close to the conveying screw 8-2, the discharge port 4-5 is arranged on the second aerobic reaction cylinder 4-5 close to the end of the stirring blade 8-3, The end of the first aerobic reaction cylinder 4-2 close to the stirring blade 8-3 is connected to the end of the second aerobic reaction cylinder 4-5 close to the conveying screw 8-2 through the cylinder connection port 4-3. The two stirring rotors 8 in the barrel transport the material from the feed port 4-1 to the discharge port 4-5 through the barrel connection port 4-3. The periphery of the aerobic reaction double cylinder body 4 is evenly distributed to support flanges.

There is a height difference between the first aerobic reaction cylinder 4-2 and the second aerobic reaction cylinder 4-5, so that the inclination angle between the cylinder connection port 4-3 and the horizontal plane is 40°-60°.

As shown in Figure 2, the crushing device 2 adopts a double-roller crusher, which includes crushing teeth 2-3, a crushing chamber 2-1, and a transmission gear 2-2; a pair of crushing toothed rollers are arranged crosswise in the crushing chamber The chamber 2-1 is connected axially with the transmission gear 2-2 respectively, and the transmission gear is driven to rotate at the same speed in the opposite direction, and the crushing teeth 2-3 are evenly distributed axially on the crushing gear roller.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the crushing teeth 2-3 are arc-shaped internal teeth, and 8 to 14 are evenly distributed in the axial direction. As shown in Figure 5, the described vibrating screen 7 includes a plane screen 7-1, a screening chamber 7-2, a support frame 7-3, a vibrating motor 7-4; the plane screen 7-1 It is arranged obliquely in the screening chamber 7-2, with an inclination angle of 5°～6.3°; the vibrating motor 7-4 is placed on the lower side of the plane screen 7-1, one-third from the front end.

In this embodiment, the conveying device 3 is a belt conveyor, the driving device 10 includes a reducer 5 and a matching three-phase asynchronous motor 6, and the lifting device 1 is a lifting guide rail.

An integrated treatment method for in-situ reduction of domestic waste based on the above-mentioned device, comprising the following steps:

The barrel-shaped garbage is lifted by the garbage can lifting device 1, and poured obliquely into the crushing device 2 for bag breaking and crushing, and the crushed garbage falls to the belt conveyor 3; the crushed garbage is transported to the first aerobic The reaction cylinder 4-2 and the second aerobic reaction cylinder 4-5 are fermented, and the temperature is controlled at 60-70°C in the first aerobic reaction cylinder 4-2 and the second aerobic reaction cylinder 4-5 , using blast aeration to maintain an aerobic fermentation environment, through the conveying and stirring of the stirring rotor 8, the material is fermented layer by layer and the particle size of the biomass is reduced, and the particle size of other impurities is kept at 3-5cm; the fermented material is passed through The discharge port 4-5 is transported to the vibrating screen 7, and the material is homogenized and impurity removed through the continuous vibration of the vibrating screen.

It can be seen that the present invention realizes a substantial in-situ reduction of rural domestic waste, and is applicable to the reduction of various types of waste. Effectively solve the problem of plastic entanglement, and the garbage has a high degree of maturity; compact structure, convenient disassembly, easy maintenance, and outstanding technical effects.

Claims (9)

1. An integrated device for in-situ reduction of domestic waste, characterized in that it includes: a lifting device (1) is provided on one side of the device body, which is used to lift the garbage and pour it into the crushing device (2) at the top of the device body; The outlet of the crushing device (2) is connected to the feed port (4-1) of the aerobic reaction double cylinder body (4) through a conveying device (3); the aerobic reaction double cylinder body (4) consists of two Composed of aerobic reactors in series, each aerobic reactor is equipped with a stirring rotor (8) along the axis for pushing and stirring materials, and one end of the stirring rotor (8) is connected with a driving device for driving its rotation ( 10); a vibrating screen (7) is provided under the outlet (4-5) of the aerobic reaction double cylinder (4). 2. The integrated device for in-situ reduction of domestic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stirring rotor (8) consists of a central shaft (8-1), a conveying screw (8-2) and a stirring paddle Composed of leaves (8-3), the conveying screw (8-2) is concentrically fixed on one side of the central shaft (8-1) and extends in a tapered manner from the shaft end to the middle of the shaft, for axially pushing materials; stirring The paddles (9) and the conveying screw (7) are coaxially fixed on the other side of the central axis (8-1); the laying standard of several stirring blades (9) is: during the rotation process, no -1) Axial push force. 3. The integrated device for in-situ reduction of domestic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cross-section of the stirring paddle (9) is rhomboid, and the long axis of the rhombus is connected to the central axis (8- 1) Axially parallel; the stirring blades (9) are arranged on different equidistant radial planes of the central axis (8-1), and the paddles formed by the stirring blades (9) on each plane are Straight blade open turbine type; the number of stirring paddles (9) on different radial planes is equal, and the projections along the axial direction of the central axis (8-1) overlap. 4. The integrated device for domestic waste reduction in situ according to claim 2, characterized in that: the aerobic reaction double cylinder (4) consists of the first aerobic reaction cylinder (4-2) and the second cylinder Two aerobic reaction cylinders (4-5) are composed; the feed inlet (4-1) is arranged on the first aerobic reaction cylinder (4-2) near one end of the conveying screw (8-2), The discharge port (4-5) is arranged on the second aerobic reaction cylinder (4-5) near the end of the stirring blade (8-3), and the first aerobic reaction cylinder (4-2) The end close to the stirring paddle (8-3) is connected with the end close to the conveying screw (8-2) on the second aerobic reaction cylinder (4-5) through the cylinder connection port (4-3). 5. The integrated device for domestic waste reduction in situ according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first aerobic reaction cylinder (4-2) and the second aerobic reaction cylinder (4-5 ) has a height difference, so that the inclination angle between the cylinder connection port (4-3) and the horizontal plane is 40°-60°. 6. The integrated device for domestic waste reduction in situ as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the crushing device (2) adopts a double-roll crusher, and the double-roll crusher includes crushing teeth (2-3), The crushing chamber (2-1), the transmission gear (2-2); a pair of crushing gear rollers are arranged crosswise in the crushing chamber (2-1), and are respectively axially connected with the transmission gear (2-2), The transmission gear is driven to rotate in the opposite direction at the same speed, and the crushing teeth (2-3) are evenly distributed axially on the crushing tooth roller. 7. The integrated device for in-situ reduction of domestic waste according to claim 6, characterized in that: the crushing teeth (2-3) are arc-shaped internal teeth, and 8 to 14 are evenly distributed in the axial direction; The described vibrating screen (7) comprises a plane screen (7-1), a screening chamber (7-2), a support base (7-3), a vibrating motor (7-4); a plane screen ( 7-1) Arranged obliquely in the screening chamber (7-2), the inclination angle is 5°～6.3°; the vibrating motor (7-4) is placed on the lower side of the plane screen (7-1), three one part. 8. The integrated device for in-situ reduction of domestic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: said conveying device (3) adopts a belt conveyor, and said driving device (10) includes a deceleration machine (5) and a three-phase asynchronous motor (6) matched therewith, and the lifting device (1) is a lifting guide rail. 9. An integrated treatment method for in-situ reduction of rural domestic waste using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: The barrel-shaped garbage is lifted by the garbage can lifting device (1), and is tilted into the crushing device (2) for bag breaking and crushing. The crushed garbage falls to the belt conveyor (3); the crushed garbage is transported by the conveyor (3). The rubbish transported to the first aerobic reaction cylinder (4-2) and the second aerobic reaction cylinder (4-5) for fermentation, in the first aerobic reaction cylinder (4-2) and the second aerobic reaction cylinder (4-2) and the second aerobic reaction cylinder In the reaction cylinder (4-5), the temperature is controlled at 60-70°C, and the aerobic fermentation environment is maintained by blast aeration, and the material is fermented layer by layer through the stirring rotor (8) and the biomass is reduced. Particle size, other impurities keep the particle size at 3-5cm; the fermented material is transported to the vibrating screen (7) through the discharge port (4-5), and is continuously vibrated by the vibrating screen to homogenize and remove impurities.