WO2018000062A1

WO2018000062A1 - System and method for treating urban solid waste

Info

Publication number: WO2018000062A1
Application number: PCT/BR2017/000069
Authority: WO
Inventors: João Manuel DE ABREU COMPLETO COSTA
Original assignee: MARTINS, María Antonieta
Priority date: 2016-06-28
Filing date: 2017-06-28
Publication date: 2018-01-04
Also published as: BR102016015172A2

Abstract

A system and a method are described for treating urban solid waste, including composting, sterilising and maturing mixed waste (with organic and inorganic fractions), without previous sorting, utilising the liquid waste (leachate) to accelerate aerobically the composting of the organic fraction retained in static basins, dispensing with stirring or forced aeration, and producing an inorganic material without pollutants and odours, allowing integral recovery for recycling in the separation phase, the entire process being carried out in a closed feedback circuit, utilising in the system the liquid and solid waste generated by the system, and obtaining byproducts for the transformation industry and for agriculture.

Description

[01] The present invention describes a system and method of municipal solid waste processing. More specifically, it comprises a system and method that processes the organic waste mixed with the inorganic waste, including steps of selecting inorganic matter and biological treatment of organic matter, the whole process being in a closed feedback loop, using the liquid waste system itself. and generated solids, obtaining by-products for the processing industry and for agriculture.

BACKGROUND FOR THE INVENTION

[02] Law 1.2.305 in its Article 13, item I, suppose 1, defines Urban Solid Waste as: those originating from domestic households in urban residences (household waste) and those originating from sweeping, cleaning of public places and roads, and other urban cleaning services (urban cleaning waste),

| S3J Economic development, population growth, urbanization and the technological revolution have been accompanied by changes in the lifestyle and modes of production and consumption of the population. As a direct result of these processes, there has been an increase in solid waste production, both in quantity and diversity, especially in large urban centers. In addition to the increase in quantity, the waste produced now includes synthetic and hazardous elements in ecosystems and human health, due to the new technologies incorporated into daily life [Velfoso F. Work Process of Home Waste Collection in the City of Rio de Janeiro: Perception and Experience of Workers. Janeim River: Fiocruz; 1995] and [Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). National Survey of Basic Sanitation, PNSB - 2008. Rio de Janeiro; IBGE; 2010],

[Õ4J Every day, between 180 and 250 thousand tons of municipal solid waste are disposed of in Brazil [Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), National Survey of Basic Sanitation, PNSB-2008. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2010] and [Brazilian Association of Public Cleaning and Special Waste Companies (ABRELPE). Panorama of Solid Waste in Brazil- 2010. São Paulo: ABRELPE; 2010J.

P5] Waste production is on the rise, with growth estimated at 7% per year, well above the 1% annual observed for the growth of the urban population in the country recently [Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). National Survey of Basic Sanitation, PNSB-2008. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2010] and [Brazilian Association of Public Cleaning Companies © Special Waste (ABRELPE). Panorama, Solid Waste in Brazil- 2009. São Paulo: ABRELPE; 2009].

pi] However, much of the actatmenie waste produced is not sanitary and environmentally sound. Initiatives to reduce the amount of material disposed of in landfills, such as selective collection for later recycling, still slowly slow.

| 0? 1 Proper waste management is an important strategy for preserving the environment, as well as promoting and protecting health. Once landfilled, waste Solids can compromise soil, water and air quality as they are sources of volatile organic compounds, pesticides, solvents and heavy metals, among others. [Giusti L. A revie of wasfe managemerrt practioes e tneir impact on human ealt, Waste Manag 2009; 29 (8): 2227-2239.].

| The prior art describes municipal waste processing methods having an initial step of separating the organic and inorganic fraction, followed by compost bays with liquid waste generation (slurry) that must be treated to be released into the environment. Inorganic wastes, when separated after the separation process, carry contaminants and odors that require adequate containment and recovery structures for recycling.

However, the state of the art does not disclose yrban waste processing methods involving composting, igienization and maturation of mixed waste (organic and inorganic fraction) without prior screening, taking advantage of liquid waste (slurry! aerobic composting of the organic fraction retained in static bays, without the need for revolving or forced aeration, with re-introduction of the waste in the cleaning process, obtaining an inorganic material free of contaminants and odors, allowing a higher recovery rate for recycling in separation phase.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

| 010] Figure 1 presents the schematic representation of the municipal solid waste processing system.

Figure 3 presents the flowchart of the steps of the urban solid waste processing method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The system and method of municipal solid waste processing, object of the present invention, comprises, in a first step, in receiving the waste in a moeg (IVloega), whether or not packed in sacks / bags, said waste flowing by gravity towards to a first conveyor belt (ET1).

pi3] The packed or unpacked waste is moved by the first inclined conveyor belt (ET1) to be routed to a knife device (nav) that tears the bags or bags to keep the waste exposed.

[014] The waste is conveyed to a second 25 degree inclined conveyor belt (ET2) where operators who manually remove the textile fibers are positioned, which are directed to a crusher (D¾hrs®) for subsequent reuse.

[15] At the final portion of the second conveyor belt there is provided a metal retention module by magnetic attraction (ag), preferably eietromagnet, which removes the metals from the waste load and forwards them to a specific deposit (0 ^ **) .

| 0161 In Butt finai the second conveyor (ET2) is arranged an intermediate station residue packaging (es _e n _t) seguiáa be moved by means of a telescopic loader, for better stacking and use of the tank capacity, for one or more igienization tanks

| 017] Sanitation tanks {¾} comprise structures provided with aeration openings and slurry flow valves for a specific tank (T _C horome). P18] the Mgienization tanks {ϊ _¾δ } the residue is conditioned and covered with the tailings deposited in the tailing fan { ^" ¾} _> ^■, remaining for up to 15 days with temperature and umklade - controlled by sensors.

| 01d] The slurry deposited in the tank (Tc omme) is mixed with a biological accelerator obtained from the species Saccharomyaes aerevisiae at a rate of 5 liters per cubic meter of slurry. This mixture returns to the Thig tanks via a motor unit (vf) and is spread at least once a day in the amount of 0.5 cubic meters per 100 tonnes of waste to reach the temperature. at 55 ° C by the end of the fifth day at this temperature for at least another five consecutive days,

In the final stage of the igsenization phase, the inorganic residues mixed with the organic residues have the pathogenic microorganisms eliminated, and the organic fraction is transformed into compost.

fi21] The load removed from the sanitization tank ¾} is moved by a third conveyor belt with 25 degrees inclination (ET3) in order to remove the windows, manually by operators positioned on the sides, the glasses being discarded in specific deposit for recycling {0 ^}.

| 022] At the end of the third conveyor belt (ET3), the waste is discharged into a clinker-shaped sieve (P) positioned in the inner region of a deposit, said sieve (P) undergoing rotational movement through the motor units (MJ). .. The rotating motion promotes the release of the compost in the deposit (D _compQStQ ) the material. The remainder is routed to the end of said screen (P) to be disposed on a fourth conveyor belt (ET4).

I023J Compound trapped in the tank (0 ^ _Ό5ΐΰ ) is displaced by hocars (0 ^ _ηΗ ) comprising tanks that receive water to maintain moisture. In this earthworm (D _m¾h ), about 25cm of compost is deposited in the base followed by the addition of Eisenía foetida earthworms that have the ability to shred organic matter and proó zlr humus. After 48 hours, another layer of compost is added, superior to the previous layer, so that the worms naturally rise, leaving the lower layers in the hunius.

| §241 After the completion of _MIF minhocáho Cp ^) with the compound worms are removed and the humus is a sieve dlrecíoFiado pair (F2) to a specific container (Phomus) to be packaged. Inorganic material trapped in the sieve is routed to a tailing tank (¾).

[025] Inorganic materials released on the fourth conveyor belt (ET4) are manually separated and deposited in specific eseoader deposits (Qssc) according to the nature of the material and may be classified with materials of a pofimeric nature (LDPE, HDPE, PP, PET crystal). Green PET, milky PET, other PET, other polymers) and cans (aluminum).

[026] Pollméhcos materials are drained through the funnels and pressed and baled (Ρρο¾¾).

P27J Aluminum cans are directed to recycling bins {¾ _urn }.

| 62ij The remaining inorganic material (wood, paper and cardboard) unsealed on the fourth conveyor belt (ET4) is released into a The tailing tank, which also receives the tailings from the humus sieve, is then shredded and forms the cover in the hygienization tanks.

| S2iÍ inorganic material segregated in fiber deposits D® { _»¾ s) _f {D metal deposit _{mg ai)} _are glass -Deposit (Ρ '¾κ'), polymers tank (D i _m} _pol and deposit Aluminum _alloy (D 3 _µm ) is sent as a byproduct to the manufacturing industry and is free of pathogenic microorganisms.

f830J The final tailings are pressed and sent as Waste Derived Fuel (COR) to the concrete to ceramic processing industry.

[031] Humus retained in the humus deposit (D _ms ) is routed to the agricultural sector.

[032J leachate released in the hygienization tanks (T _hig ) is fully reused in the process, eliminating treatment plants for disposal in the environment.

Claims

URBAN SOLID WASTE PROCESSING SYSTEM characterized by comprising a hopper (Moega), which receives the solid waste, packed rather than in sacks / bags, said gravity seeping towards a first inclined conveyor (ΕΪ1) for displacement to a knife device (nav) which holds the exposed residue, followed by a second 25-grain incline conveyor (ET2) for manually selecting the textile fibers directed to a crusher; the end portion of the second conveyor there is provided a metal retaining module by magnetic attraction (at _¾ag) that Forwarding to a specific deposit (D _f>, _and; _al)? having at the end end of the second conveyor belt (ET2) an intermediate waste disposal station

prior to one or more hygienization tanks (T & ¾) fitted with aeration openings and leachate valves for a specific tank (TcHorume} onú® is mixed with a biological accelerator and returned to the sanitation tanks {¾) via one unit. (M), the load being removed from the hygienization tanks (T) _g ) moved by a third 25 degree incline conveyor {ET3} where the glasses are manually removed, disposed of in a specific recycling bin (E o) having at the end of the third conveyor belt (ET3) a sieve (P) of cylindrical shape positioned in the inner region of a deposit, said sieve (P) that undergoes rotation movement through motor units (M) for the release of the compound. in the bin (Compound) and the remaining material is routed to the end of the sieve (P) to be disposed on a fourth conveyor belt {ET4}; the compound retained in the deposit (oom oetp) is moved to earthworms (D _mir! ) which comprise water-receiving tanks and the addition of Ementa foeiids earthworms for humus generation which is directed to a sieve (P2) and the proceed to a specific deposit {D _húrmJS } and milky Inorganic material in the sieve being routed to a tailing Yankee (T _r6j ); the inorganic materials released on the fourth conveyor belt (ET4) are manually separated and deposited in specific drainage deposits (□ esc) depending on the nature of the material, and the remaining inorganic material (wood, paper and cardboard) not selected on the fourth conveyor belt (ET4) ) is released into a tailing tank that also receives tailings from the humus screen, then crushed, and forms the cover in the hygienization tanks (¾). or as Residual Derived Fuel.

2. URBAN SOLID WASTE PROCESSING SYSTEM according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste filled (¾} filling tanks are covered with tailings received from the tailings tank (T _rs |) ₅ remaining covered by up to 15 days with controlled temperature and humidity,

3. METHOD OF URBAN SOLID WASTE PROCESSING using the system claimed in 1, characterized in that it comprises the steps of (a) receipt of municipal solid waste in a hopper (Moega), whether or not packed in sacks / bags;

(b) opening of municipal solid waste packaging by means of a ship-fitted device (av) Installed on the first conveyor belt (ET1)

c) manual removal of textile fibers on a second conveyor belt for routing to a shredder (D _f¾ras ); d) removal of metals by magnetic attraction (at ^) for referral to a depot { _D¾ste? };

e) residual residue released from the second conveyor belt (ET2) at an intermediate waste conditioning station (Est _{& tf} );

(f) Routing the waste into temperature and humidity controlled sanitary (hyg) tanks by returning the slurry added from a specific accelerator collected in a specific tank (Tchwume) »- to reach a temperature of 55 ° C within 15 days ;

g) routing the waste to a third conveyor belt with 25 degrees inclination (ET3) to manually remove the glass for specific deposit (D _v _{;. drc} ); h) release of the residue to a rotating screen (P) for separation of the compost in the respective deposit (D _C0IT! p _0S to) ^■ © the remaining material being sent to a fourth conveyor belt (ET4);

(i) composting to earthworms (D ^) where about 25cm of compost is deposited on the base followed by the addition of earthworms every 48 hours. hours another layer of compost, which is greater than the layer sntor:

I) humus directed to a sieve (P2) for a specific deposit.

k) ^ ial mat ^'inorganic retained on the sieve referred to a Yankee Reject (T _r¾ i);

!) Inorganic materials released at the fourth conveyor ínanspoáaúQra (ET4) and manually separated and drainage pipes deposited in deposits {D _ES c) according to the specific nature of the material;

m) matter! remaining inorganic (wood, paper and cardboard) unselected on the fourth conveyor belt (ET4) released in a tailing tank (T _re] ) for coverage in sanitation tanks (¾}.

n) pressing the final tailings.