CN106140780B - A kind of domestic garbage treating system - Google Patents
A kind of domestic garbage treating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106140780B CN106140780B CN201510170350.7A CN201510170350A CN106140780B CN 106140780 B CN106140780 B CN 106140780B CN 201510170350 A CN201510170350 A CN 201510170350A CN 106140780 B CN106140780 B CN 106140780B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste
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Abstract
A kind of domestic garbage treating system, by mechanical sorting unit, anaerobic fermentation unit and power generation by waste combustion unit composition, wherein mechanical sorting unit is by garbage feeding, broken bag, magnetic separation, roller screening, selection by winnowing, turntable screening, eddy current separation, broken removal of impurities, slurrying removal of impurities process composition, anaerobic fermentation unit is by hydrolysis acidification, anaerobic fermentation, marsh gas purifying, Methane decarbonization, biogas residue dehydration, system fertilizer, sewage treatment process composition, the present invention is on the basis of original waste incineration and generating electricity system, using the means of mechanical sorting, content in house refuse is greater than 50%, carry out anaerobic fermentation is elected to biomass of the power generation by waste combustion contribution less than 10%, it is not only advantageous to power generation by waste combustion, also obtain additional natural gas energy resource and organic manure resource.
Description
A kind of domestic garbage treating system, in particular to a kind of organic life matched with existing most of waste incineration and generating electricities
Materials-processing system.
Background technique:
Traditional trash processing way is broadly divided into landfill, burning, compost, anaerobism, several classes of pyrolysis.
The advantages of sanitary landfills processing method is that processing cost is low, and method is simple, but Anti-seeping technology is bad, is be easy to cause pair
The secondary pollution of groundwater resources, a large amount of soils of occupancy more importantly.
The advantages of burning disposal is that reduced training is good (volume reduces 90% or more after burning, and weight reduces 80% or more).But
It is the construction and operating cost valuableness of incineration plant, height is required to the calorific value of rubbish, the dioxin of generation has toxicity, and the common people are universal
Oppose.
Compost treatment is to solve the outlet of organic biomass rubbish, can reach the purpose of recycling, but the effect of compost takes
Certainly in garbage preliminary sorting technological level, not so it is used for a long time and soil hardening and groundwater quality is easily caused to degenerate.
The advantages of anaerobic fermentation is can to obtain the bio-natural gas energy and organic manure resource, and technology maturation is not likely to produce
It is foul smell, environmental-friendly, but to the pre-processing requirements of house refuse height.
Pyrolysis is that under high temperature, anaerobic or anaerobic environment, waste is completely converted into synthesis gas in an enclosed environment
With recyclable solid residue.Flue gas emission is greatly decreased, recycling is high-efficient.But the technical maturity of which and economic effect
Benefit is the bottleneck for restricting its development.
From the point of view of the Engineering Projects of the present practical application in China, the processing mode of most house refuses is to fill and burn
Based on burning.Wherein waste incineration and generating electricity development is rapider, and the whole nation has built up 300 nearly with building waste incineration power generation project.
Garbage incinerating power plant widespread practice be mixed consumer waste is deposited in refuse-unloading hole in 3 to 5 days, make partial moisture from
Diafiltration comes out in rubbish, then burns house refuse investment waste incinerator.
One distinguishing feature of the domestic waste in China is that the rate of water containing tax is high (50 ~ 60%), organic biomass content
High (45 ~ 65%).Although the whole status calorific value of domestic waste is being continuously improved, waste incinerator also by technological improvement,
Supplementary means has gradually been applicable in the characteristic of Municipal Solid Waste in China.But the organic-biological confrontation house refuse in house refuse is burnt
Burning system is still a unfavorable factor.By the urban life rubbish to Beijing, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Xi'an, Chongqing and other places
Rubbish is analyzed, it can be deduced that is such as drawn a conclusion:
1. plastics are the main source of rubbish heat, accounting about 50% in domestic waste；,
2. rubbish from cooking (i.e. organic biomass) average content about 54% in domestic waste, but heat contribution less than
15%；
3. or more Typical Urban rubbish be averaged Lower heat value 5600kJ/kg or so, the generated energy of mixed consumer waste per ton
About 310kwh(is in terms of generating efficiency 20%), if the organic biomass in 1 ton of mixed consumer waste is removed away, remaining group
The quality divided accounts for about the half of the quality of original composting, but heat accounts for 85% or more of composting heat), and due to surplus
The calorific value of lower component increases (about 10000kJ/kg or more), and generating efficiency increases, and generated energy is also 310kwh or so (with hair
Electrical efficiency improves 3 percentage points, 23% meter).Rubbish from cooking is sorted away and has no effect on power generation by waste combustion amount.
If classified 4. handling using mechanical sorting in garbage transfer station, then the rubbish of landfill yard landfill is directly entered
Rubbish is about 12% or so.It needs transporting compressed there was only 30% or so (this part combustiblerefuse to the rubbish quality of power generation by waste combustion factory
60% or more) about of the total volume before compressing；If carrying out mechanical sorting in garbage incinerating power plant, enter the rubbish of incinerator
Rubbish quality only has 50% or so.
5. the rubbish from cooking sorted out in 1 ton of mixed consumer waste can obtain 60m through anaerobic fermentation3Left and right biogas
With the organic fertilizer of 100kg or so.
The conventional garbage power generation by waste combustion factory overwhelming majority is all directly by consumer waste incineration；A small number of garbage incinerating power plants pair
House refuse is simply pre-processed, and selects the metal of the inside, or by magnetic separation mainly also in order to meet incinerator
Requirement to rubbish size and house refuse is crushed.
And existing domestic refuse anaerobic fermentation process mode, although emphasizing house refuse realizing life by sorting
The integrated treatment and resource utilization of rubbish, but process flow is long, system complex, and item success rate is low.
Summary of the invention
In order to optimize the deficiency of existing municipal solid wastes incineration power generation system, it is an object of the invention to rely on existing life
Waste incineration and generating electricity system living, it is real while not reducing conventional garbage power generation by waste combustion economic benefit by anaerobic fermentation means
The recycling and energy of organic biomass in existing house refuse.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of domestic garbage treating system, and system includes garbage machine
Tool separation unit, power generation by waste combustion unit and anaerobic fermentation unit.House refuse is divided into three after mechanical sorting cell processing
Partial material, first part are two kinds of materials of plastics of recoverable material, mainly metal and high-quality；Second part is organic
The high-moistures biomass such as biomass, mainly melon and fruit, food；Part III is other remaining ingredients, mainly paper, urine not
Wet, fabric, bamboo and wood, dregs, sandstone and other materials.First part's material accounts for 5% ~ 8%(wet basis state of house refuse total amount
Under), directly recycle, second part material accounts under 45% ~ 55%(wet basis state of house refuse total amount), pass through machinery
Sorting is lower than abiotic matter component therein (using plastics and sandstone as measuring index) content under 5%(wet basis state), so
Enter anaerobic fermentation unit afterwards；Part III material accounts under 40% ~ 50%(wet basis state of house refuse total amount), it is sent directly into rubbish
Rubbish power generation by waste combustion unit.
Wherein the mechanical sorting unit is by garbage feeding, broken bag, magnetic separation, roller screening, selection by winnowing, turntable screening, whirlpool
Electric current sorting, broken removal of impurities, slurrying removal of impurities process composition；
Wherein the anaerobic fermentation unit by hydrolysis acidification, anaerobic fermentation, marsh gas purifying, compressed biogas, Methane decarbonization,
Compress CO2, biogas residue dehydration, system fertilizer, sewage treatment process composition；
Wherein the power generation by waste combustion unit is existing recirculating fluidized bed or grate furnace power generation by waste combustion system；
Wherein turntable screening, broken removal of impurities, slurrying removal of impurities process are to be linked in sequence, the main removal life of turntable screening
Material is mainly crushed to 10mm hereinafter, removing simultaneously by polybag, diaper and brick of the bulk in substance etc., broken removal of impurities
The plastics and fabric of 90% or more the inside are removed, slurrying cleans mainly by adding water that slurries are made in broken biomass, removes simultaneously
80% or more sandstone and remaining thin plastic piece and other sundries inside going.
The biogas slurry and power generation by waste combustion unit that a certain amount of anaerobic fermentation generates wherein are passed through in the hydrolysis acidification process
The steam of generation, while the carbon dioxide that Methane decarbonization generates is passed through the bottom of hydrolization and acidification tank, to hydrolysis acidification slurries into
Row stirring mass transfer, accelerates Hydrolysis Acidification, improves subsequent anaerobic fermentation methane production.Reaction condition are as follows: residence time 24 ~ 48
Hour, 35 ± 1 DEG C of reaction temperature, PH3.5 ~ 5, every cube of slurries are passed through 0.1 ~ 0.2m3 carbon dioxide compression gas.
Pneumatic stirring is wherein carried out to the slurries in anaerobic fermentation tank using compressed biogas in the anaerobic fermentation process,
Biogas pressure is 0.4 ~ 0.6MPa, and compressed biogas is by being evenly arranged on the nozzle of anaerobic fermentation pot bottom, according between the program of setting
It is disconnected to spray, slurries solid content 8% ~ 15% in anaerobic fermentation tank, the residence time 20 ~ 25 days, 35 ± 1 DEG C of reaction temperature, PH6.5 ~
7.2。
Wherein the marsh gas purifying process mainly biogas is dusted, desulfurization and dehydration.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) present invention according to the characteristic variations of China house refuse divide house refuse
At three classes material, it can be achieved that the maximum resource benefit of domestic rubbish disposal disposition；(2) high-moisture of the present invention nearly 50%
Biomass sort out, make into waste incinerator rubbish calorific value increase, although burn rubbish total amount reduce, burn
Power generation total amount is burnt not reduce；(3) biomass obtains clean bio-natural gas and organic fertilizer by anaerobic fermentation processing, not only
Obtain additional new energy, moreover it is possible to reduce greenhouse gas emission；(4) expendable-limited-recoverable metal and the waste plastic of high-quality obtain
High-value-use has been arrived, rather than has obtained energy simply by burning；(5) carbon dioxide that the present invention generates Methane decarbonization
Hydrolysis acidification slurries are passed through, stirring action is not only played, be also beneficial to shorten hydrolytic acidification time and improve subsequent anaerobic fermentation
Methane production.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of domestic garbage treating system figure of Fig. 1, wherein three master units are mechanical sorting unit；Anaerobic fermentation unit；
Power generation by waste combustion unit；Anaerobic fermentation unit be divided into again hydrolysis acidification, anaerobic fermentation, marsh gas purifying, compressed biogas, Methane decarbonization,
Compress CO2, biogas residue dehydration, system fertilizer, sewage treatment.
Fig. 2 house refuse mechanical sorting unit figure, including garbage feeding, broken bag, magnetic separation, roller screening, turntable screening,
Selection by winnowing, eddy current separation, broken removal of impurities, slurrying removal of impurities.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is further described in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments:
Embodiment 1
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of domestic garbage treating system, and system includes garbage machine
Tool separation unit, power generation by waste combustion unit and anaerobic fermentation unit.
Mechanical sorting unit is by garbage feeding, broken bag, magnetic separation, roller screening, selection by winnowing, turntable screening, eddy current separation, broken
Broken removal of impurities, slurrying removal of impurities process composition；Anaerobic fermentation unit is by hydrolysis acidification, anaerobic fermentation, marsh gas purifying, Methane decarbonization, natural pond
Slag dehydration, system fertilizer, sewage treatment process composition.
After garbage feeding and broken bag, the house refuse in refuse bag is spread out house refuse.Then pass through magnetic
Ferrous metal therein is selected, after the screening (gap of rotary screen is 60mm) of rotary screen, rubbish is sized as 60mm
Above oversize and the 60mm screenings below, oversize are divided into the plastics of high-quality, biomass and other by sorting
Material；Screenings enters the turntable screening further removal the inside other materials of bulk, and the substance under turntable sieve is based on biomass.
Biomass enters eddy current separation after mixing with the biomass that selection by winnowing goes out under sieve after turntable screening, selects the copper and aluminium class of the inside
Metal, subsequently into broken removal of impurities process, biomass is fractured into 10mm material below, while further removal the inside 90%
Above plastics and fabric；Broken biomass is sent into slurrying removal of impurities process via spiral, and biomass is made into solid content and is
10% slurries, in slurries producing process, small plastic sheet and fiber that the sandstone and slurry surface for removing bottom deposit suspend
Deng.
After above-mentioned mechanical sorting cell processing, it is divided into three parts material, first part is recoverable material, mainly
It is two kinds of materials of plastics of metal and high-quality；Second part is organic biomass, mainly the high-moistures such as melon and fruit, food biology
Matter；Part III is other remaining ingredients, mainly paper, diaper, fabric, bamboo and wood, dregs, sandstone and other materials.
First part's material accounts under 5% ~ 8%(wet basis state of house refuse total amount), it directly recycles, second part material accounts for
Under 45% ~ 55%(wet basis state of house refuse total amount), by mechanical sorting, make abiotic matter component therein (with plastics and
Sandstone is as measuring index) content is lower than under 5%(wet basis state), subsequently into anaerobic fermentation unit；Part III material accounts for life
Under 40% ~ 50%(wet basis state of rubbish total amount living), it is sent directly into waste incineration and generating electricity unit.
Biomass slurry is transported to hydrolysis acidification process by pump, and a certain amount of anaerobism hair is passed through in Hydrolysis Acidification
The steam that the biogas slurry and power generation by waste combustion unit that ferment generates generate, while the carbon dioxide that Methane decarbonization generates is passed through hydrolysis acidification
The bottom of tank is stirred mass transfer to hydrolysis acidification slurries, accelerates Hydrolysis Acidification, improves subsequent anaerobic fermentation methane and produces
Amount.Reaction condition are as follows: the residence time 36 hours, 35 ± 1 DEG C of reaction temperature, PH3.5 ~ 5, every cube of slurries were passed through 0.1 ~ 0.2m3
Carbon dioxide compression gas.
It is transported in anaerobic fermentation tank by the slurries of hydrolysis acidification by pump, uses pressure for the compression of 0.4 ~ 0.6MPa
Biogas carries out pneumatic stirring to the slurries in anaerobic fermentation tank, 10 % of slurries solid content in anaerobic fermentation tank, and the residence time 20 days,
35 ± 1 DEG C of reaction temperature, PH6.5 ~ 7.2.
Within 20 days anaerobic fermentation time, fresh slurries are constantly supplemented, while the slurries fermented are also constantly
Discharge, the slurries of discharge after biogas residue is dehydrated, biogas slurry partial reflux to hydrolysis acidification pool, partially into sewage disposal system,
Organic fertilizer is then made in biogas residue.
For the biogas that anaerobic fermentation generates after purification, part biogas is used for the Gas Stirring of anaerobic fermentation after compression.
Part enters Methane decarbonization process, is purified to bio-natural gas, and what is taken off is then directly logical with CO2 main component part exhaust gas
Enter in hydrolysis acidification slurries.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of domestic garbage treating system, system includes rubbish machinery separation unit, power generation by waste combustion unit and anaerobic fermentation list
Member, wherein the mechanical sorting unit is by garbage feeding, broken bag, magnetic separation, roller screening, selection by winnowing, turntable screening, eddy current point
Choosing, broken removal of impurities, slurrying removal of impurities process composition, wherein the anaerobic fermentation unit is net by hydrolysis acidification, anaerobic fermentation, biogas
Change, compressed biogas, Methane decarbonization, compression CO2, biogas residue dehydration, system fertilizer, sewage treatment process composition, wherein the biogas is de-
The CO that carbon process generates2It is passed through hydrolysis acidification process after compression, is passed through a certain amount of anaerobism in the hydrolysis acidification process
The steam that the biogas slurry generated of fermenting and power generation by waste combustion unit generate, while the carbon dioxide that Methane decarbonization generates is passed through hydrolysis acid
The bottom for changing tank is stirred mass transfer to hydrolysis acidification slurries, accelerates Hydrolysis Acidification, improves subsequent anaerobic fermentation methane and produces
Amount；Hydrolysis acidification reaction condition are as follows: the residence time 24~48 hours, 35 ± 1 DEG C of reaction temperature, PH3.5~5, every cube of slurries
It is passed through 0.1~0.2m3Carbon dioxide compression gas；Biogas after marsh gas purifying process is passed through anaerobic fermentation process after compression,
Pneumatic stirring is carried out to the slurries in anaerobic fermentation tank using compressed biogas in the anaerobic fermentation process, biogas pressure is
0.4~0.6MPa, compressed biogas are detested by being evenly arranged on the nozzle of anaerobic fermentation pot bottom according to the program interruption injection of setting
Slurries solid content 8%~15% in aerobe fermentation tank, the residence time 20~25 days, 35 ± 1 DEG C of reaction temperature, PH6.5~7.2.
2. a kind of domestic garbage treating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the mechanical sorting unit will give birth to
Rubbish living is divided into three parts material, and first part is recoverable material, mainly two kinds of materials of metal and plastics, accounts for house refuse
The 5%~8% of total amount；Second part is organic biomass, mainly melon and fruit, food high-moisture biomass, and it is total to account for house refuse
The 45%~55% of amount, abiotic matter constituent content therein are lower than 5%；Part III is other remaining ingredients, mainly paper
Modeling, diaper, fabric, bamboo and wood, dregs, sandstone account for the 40%~50% of house refuse total amount.
3. a kind of domestic garbage treating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the power generation by waste combustion unit is to follow
Ring fluidized bed or grate furnace power generation by waste combustion system.
4. a kind of domestic garbage treating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the turntable sieves, eddy current is divided
Choosing, broken removal of impurities, slurrying removal of impurities process are to be linked in sequence, polybag, the urine of the bulk in the main removal biomass of turntable screening
Material is mainly crushed to 10mm hereinafter, removing the plastics of 90% or more the inside simultaneously and knitting by not wet and brick, broken removal of impurities
Object, slurrying clean mainly by adding water that slurries are made in broken biomass, while remove the inside 80% or more sandstone and
Remaining thin plastic piece.
5. a kind of domestic garbage treating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the marsh gas purifying process is main
Biogas is dusted, desulfurization and dehydration.
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106906128A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-06-30 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of diphasic anaerobic fermentation system of application dynamic hydraulic combined stirring |
| CN107511389A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-12-26 | 深圳市海吉星环保有限责任公司 | A kind of household waste hydraulic sorting and pulping process and processing system |
| CN108723067A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-02 | 武汉都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | A kind of integrated form domestic garbage resource processing system and its processing method |
| CN109433807A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-08 | 宁波开诚生态技术有限公司 | A kind of food waste processing method |
| CN110252763A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-09-20 | 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 | A kind of rubbish from cooking dry type anaerobic fermentation system |
| CN110577418A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-17 | 武汉农尚环境股份有限公司 | in-situ ecological restoration device and method for refuse landfill |
| CN113134502A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2021-07-20 | 西安佳世洁环保科技有限公司 | Harmless treatment method for decomposed materials on removed clean surface |
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| CN106140780A (en) | 2016-11-23 |
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