CN102503595A - Reutilization treatment method of kitchen waste - Google Patents
Reutilization treatment method of kitchen waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN102503595A CN102503595A CN2011103448302A CN201110344830A CN102503595A CN 102503595 A CN102503595 A CN 102503595A CN 2011103448302 A CN2011103448302 A CN 2011103448302A CN 201110344830 A CN201110344830 A CN 201110344830A CN 102503595 A CN102503595 A CN 102503595A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title abstract 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/04—Phase separators; Separation of non fermentable material; Fractionation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
- C12M47/04—Cell isolation or sorting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
- C12M47/10—Separation or concentration of fermentation products
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reutilization treatment method of kitchen waste, belonging to the technical field of rubbish treatment; the kitchen waste is treated by such procedures as pre-sorting, hydraulic pulping, anaerobic fermentation, organic fertilizer preparation by residues and oil-water separation, and the like, so that the grease in the kitchen waste is recycled, the organic matters are prepared to marsh gas by hydrolytic acidification and anaerobic fermentation, and the marsh gas is purified to be used as fuel, power generation or automobile fuel gas; in the whole treatment process, the liquid part in the kitchen waste except the removed grease is used for pulping in a pulp homogenizing system, all pulp participate in the anaerobic fermentation process, and the fermented biogas slurry is after-treated to prepare nutrient solution so as to realize the recycle of resources and zero release of pollutants; the treatment process is completely sealed, and the collected off-flavor is collected and treated by a deodorization system to be exhausted after reaching to the discharge standard. The method of the invention has the advantages of maximally recycling the resources, recycling the kitchen waste, guaranteeing non-pollutant discharge during the whole treatment process, and realizing the efficiency, reclamation and harmlessness of kitchen waste treatment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technology of garbage disposal field, particularly a kind of processing method of changing food waste into resources refers more particularly to a kind of treatment process that is used for the changing food waste anaerobic digestion methane production.
Background technology
Changing food waste is meant the food refuse that restaurant unit and family are produced in daily business and life process, be one of chief component of cities and towns organic waste.Its complicated component comprises edible oil, vegetables, pericarp, fruit stone, rice and flour, meat, bone etc., includes part foreign material such as a spot of useless tableware, food packaging article, bottle, bone etc. in addition.Changing food waste is a staple with organic substances such as starch, foodstuff fibre class, protein, lipids; Simultaneously also contain inorganic salts, have characteristics such as high grease, high salinity, high-moisture, high organic content and perishable smelly, easy acidifying, readily biodegradable.
Along with the raising of population increase and resident living level, the positive cumulative year after year of changing food waste output.According to incompletely statistics, the about 5,000 ten thousand tons of changing food wastes of the annual generation of China at present.A large amount of changing food wastes have caused huge pressure to urban environment, cause a series of serious pollution problems, and cause the waste of resource.
China's conventional process mode be directly with changing food waste as feedstuff for live pigs, or be used to refine sewer oil by illcit purchase, this kind processing mode serious harm environment causes transmission of disease, brings food-safety problem simultaneously again.Communicable disease such as bird flu, foot and mouth disease is popular on a large scale in recent years, and the cross infection between the people and animals has constituted great threat to human health, social stability.Along with the quickening of urbanization step and the raising of popular environmental consciousness, solve the focus that changing food waste treatment and disposal problem becomes society and academia's concern gradually.
The tradition changing food waste is handled means and is comprised that also mixed consumer waste carries out landfill burning etc. together.Because the water ratio of changing food waste up to 80～90%, is added a large amount of organic sewages of following changing food waste to produce, just can carry out as adopting burning then need add a large amount of complementary fuel, energy consumption is too high; Methods such as landfill are handled to produce greatly water resources and are threatened, and cause water pollution.Obvious above-mentioned processing mode can not satisfy environment, health and healthy requirement, therefore needs the recycling treatment process of a kind of suitable China changing food waste characteristics.
In the prior art, people have invented multiple different processes method and attempt changing food waste is dealt carefully with.Main methods is processed protein fodder, fertilizer and fermentation and is produced alcohol etc.For example: application number is CN200910082993.0; Name is called " a kind of changing food waste treatment process method and treatment facility " patent, and its treatment system comprises parts such as charging part, e Foerderanlage, broken bagging apparatus, concentration equipment, thick slag sorting unit, equipment for separating liquid from solid, oily-water seperating equipment.Utilize the changing food waste after hot water injection's sorting, thin slag then further is processed into fertilizer, and thick slag is landfill then.Application number is CN200610020904.6; Name is called " method for producing kitchen trash feed "; Its treatment system comprises that mainly cracking and sorting operation, dehydration procedure, middle storing operation, feed generate operation etc., and changing food waste is maximized to reach the utilization of resources through processing animal-feed after the pre-treatment.
But because China's changing food waste classification is not popularized as yet; Cause in the changing food waste regular meeting to sneak into a large amount of various foreign substances; And, cause current kinds of processes last effect not good because many factors that management at present and collection aspect exist make that the composition of kitchen castoff is very complicated.For example often contain grease, pericarp, vegetables, rice and flour, fish, meat, bone, various condiment and tableware, kitchen tools, food pack, metal implements, plastics, paper handkerchief, rag etc. in the changing food waste.Multiple complicated ingredient brings a lot of problems can for the advanced treatment of kitchen castoff, influences the normal operation of treatment facility, reduces system process efficient, and equipment is done great damage, and also influences the quality of final product simultaneously.
Problem to be solved by this invention is the treatment process that the changing food waste that a kind of efficiency of separation is high, the anaerobic fermentation gas production rate is high is provided to the prior art present situation; Guarantee system high efficiency steady running; Thereby guarantee that resource is by fully regenerated using; Get into benign ecological cycles, realize the win-win of resource and environment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method of changing food waste into resources, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) preceding sorting: with the changing food waste of collecting at first through solid-liquid separation; Material is divided into solid part and liquid portion; Solid part water ratio after the dehydration is lower than 70%, and solid part is carried out sorting, remove big part impurity such as wherein metal, bulk plastics, bone, bottle, tableware after; Extrusion dehydration is done further solid-liquid separation then; Get into cracking and sorting equipment again, utilize this equipment that oversize material is crushed to below the particle diameter 50mm, simultaneously part light materials such as plastic packing article, rag etc. are screened.To guarantee the follow-up equipment trouble-free operation.The liquid portion of solid-liquid separation then gets into oil-water separation system.The sorting process material is with airtight helical feed before whole.Cracking and sorting equipment is meant and carries out fragmentation with carving bulk object such as bulk meat in the rubbish solid part of kitchen etc.; Material particular diameter after fragmentation is not more than 50mm; Cracking and sorting equipment also comprises pneumatic separation device, screens through adjusting the big I of wind-force material that the different specific weight in the rubbish is big or small such as fritter plastic sheet etc.
(2) hydrapulped: the changing food waste after the fragmentation is carried out hydrapulped; Utilize hydraulic shear with material process solid content for 5-15%, solid particle size for 10mm with interior homogeneous slurry; And impurity that will be wherein sorts out, and obtains base-material, is to guarantee to get into that the slurry foreign substances content of anaerobic fermentation system is low, particle diameter is little with the purpose of wherein impurity sorting; Ferment effect is good, can remove the impurity in the slurries through heavy substance, light materials separating device.
(3) anaerobically fermenting: said base-material is at first sent into the hydrolization and acidification tank acidifying that is hydrolyzed, and the material that acidifying is accomplished gets into anaerobic fermentation tank and carries out anaerobically fermenting, makes the organism in the material change into biogas.The acidication section is set, to guarantee effectively carrying out of anaerobically fermenting before the anaerobically fermenting.In this process, biogas self effect of increasing that on the one hand passes through to be produced stirs material, and anaerobic fermentation tank carries mechanical stirring device and material is carried out intermittent type stirs on the other hand.In this technological process, the mesophilic digestion temperature is 35～38 degrees centigrade, and temperature variation is no more than 3 degrees centigrade in the fermenting process, and pH is 7-8, and C/N ratio is 20-30: 1, and the growth that more helps the anaerobically fermenting methanobacteria under this condition contains the more biogas of methane with generation.
(4) natural pond slag system fertilizer: the natural pond slag behind the anaerobically fermenting gets into the composting system through the dehydration back; Add indispensable nutritive element according to material component; Regulate the fertilizer quality; After granulation shaping oven dry, process the finished product fertilizer, usually with the natural pond slag behind the anaerobically fermenting through filter press after its water ratio be about 60%, water ratio is reduced to 30% after drying.
(5) oily water separation: the grease that reclaims in the waste water through oily water separation can be used as industrial raw material with further use, and the liquid portion in the changing food waste contains the grease of 3-5%, after processing, can be used as industrial grease and further uses.The liquid portion that produces in dehydration and the solid-liquid separation process at first passes through airfloat equipment with grease and water initial gross separation, and the oil-water mixture after the separation can be used as the technical oils fat raw material through spinning again.Grease can be processed into biofuel as industrial chemicals, and sewage gets into pulping system and participates in slurrying and anaerobically fermenting.
Marsh gas purifying utilizes: the biogas that anaerobically fermenting produces can be used as clean energy after (desulfurization and dehydration) and uses through purifying, and purified marsh gas can be generated electricity or as refueling fuel.
Can carry out secondary solid-liquid separation oil removal treatment, the first step is conveyor screw dehydration oil removing, and the second stage is solid-liquid separating machine dehydration oil removal treatment, to improve oil yield efficiency.
In the entire treatment process, the waste water in the changing food waste can be used for the homogenate system and is used for slurrying, all participates in anaerobically fermenting, and the natural pond liquid after the fermentation discharges or process the irrigation that nutritive medium is used for farm crop and afforestation after WWT is up to standard, realizes recycling; It is airtight to handle whole process, and the foul smell of collection gathers after the foul smell treatment system is handled back up to standard discharging.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: bulk impurity is wherein isolated in changing food waste sorting before machinery, for subsequent technique steady running provides technical guarantee, carries out effective solid-liquid separation, efficient degreasing again through sorted food wastes; And then carry out cracking and sorting and separate with slurrying, material is converted into the less homogeneous slurry of particle diameter, thereby guarantees that whole fermentation process is quick, efficient, the carrying out of stable state, reduce fermentation time, increase biogas yield; Product after the fermentation is processed the fertilizer utilization, and it is high that changing food waste is handled the resource utilization degree.
The inventive method makes the grease in the changing food waste obtain reclaiming, and organic part forms methane behind acidication and anaerobically fermenting, and biogas can be used as fuel, generating or automobile fuel gas and uses after purifying treatment; The natural pond slag can be made into high-quality fertilizer after filter-press dehydration, mixing match, granulation oven dry.In the entire treatment process, the liquid part in the changing food waste is used for the slurrying of homogenate system after removing degrease, all participates in anaerobically fermenting, and the natural pond liquid after the fermentation is then processed nutritive medium after treatment, realizes resource circulation utilization and zero release of pollutant; It is airtight to handle whole process, and the foul smell of collection gathers after deodoration system is handled back up to standard discharging.
The inventive method can maximized recovery resource, and changing food waste is turned waste into wealth, and guarantees entire treatment process non-pollutant discharge simultaneously, realizes high efficiency, resource utilization and innoxious that changing food waste is handled.
Description of drawings
The process flow sheet that Fig. 1 handles for the invention changing food waste into resources.
Embodiment
Following embodiment can make those skilled in the art more comprehensively understand the present invention, but does not limit the present invention in any way.
Processing method of changing food waste into resources mainly comprises following process step:
(1) preceding sorting: with the changing food waste of collecting at first through solid-liquid separation; Material is divided into solid part and liquid portion; Solid part is carried out sorting, remove impurity such as wherein metal, bulk plastics, bone, bottle, tableware, get into cracking and sorting equipment again; Utilize this equipment that oversize material is crushed to about particle diameter 50mm, simultaneously part light materials such as plastic sheet, rag etc. are screened.The liquid portion of solid-liquid separation then gets into oil-water separation system.
(2) hydrapulped: with after the fragmentation changing food waste carry out hydrapulped, utilize principle such as hydraulic shear that material is processed solid content and be the homogeneous slurry below the 10mm, and different foreign material are wherein sorted out for 5-15%, particle diameter, obtain base-material.
(2.1) the light materials separation system is that the upper strata light materials in the slurries is sorted out through dragging for slag equipment;
(2.2) the heavy substance separation system is through the effect of waterpower sand setting heavy substances such as the sand in the slurries, glass, porcelain fragment to be sorted out;
(3) anaerobically fermenting: said base-material is at first sent into the hydrolization and acidification tank acidifying that is hydrolyzed, and the material that acidifying is accomplished gets into anaerobic fermentation tank and carries out anaerobically fermenting, makes the organism in the material change into biogas.In this process, biogas self effect of increasing that on the one hand passes through to be produced stirs material, and anaerobic fermentation tank carries mechanical stirring device and material is carried out intermittent type stirs on the other hand.In this technological process, the mesophilic digestion temperature is 35～38 degrees centigrade, and temperature variation is no more than 3 degrees centigrade in the fermenting process, and pH is 7-8, and C/N ratio is 20-30: 1, and the growth that more helps the anaerobically fermenting methanobacteria under this condition contains the more biogas of methane with generation.
(4) marsh gas purifying utilization: the biogas that the biogas that anaerobically fermenting produces can be used as through dry desulfurization with after dewatering after clean energy, the desulfurization can be used as domestic fuel or generating use.
(5) natural pond slag system fertilizer: with the natural pond slag behind the anaerobically fermenting through filter press after its water ratio be about 60%; Water ratio is reduced to 30% after oven dry; Add indispensable nutritive element according to material component, regulate the fertilizer quality, after granulation shaping oven dry, process the finished product fertilizer.
(6) oily water separation: the liquid portion in the changing food waste contains the grease of 3-5%, after processing, can be used as industrial grease and further uses.Liquid portion at first passes through airfloat equipment with grease and water initial gross separation, and the oil-water mixture after the separation can be used as the technical oils fat raw material through spinning again and uses.After liquid portion after the separation is participated in pulping process, get into anaerobically fermenting.
(7) source exhaust gas mainly is divided into following several types in the foul smell treatment system changing food waste treating processes: the foul smell that the discharge process of A, changing food waste distributes; The foul smell that distributes in B, the changing food waste storage process; The foul smell that distributes in C, the changing food waste course of conveying; The foul smell that distributes in D, changing food waste fragmentation, letter sorting, the dehydration; The foul smell that distributes in E, changing food waste fermentation or the drying process; The foul smell that distributes in F, the changing food waste sewage treatment process;
In the changing food waste into resources treating processes; Handle omnidistance airtight; After the gas with foreign flavor that produces in production plant and the equipment was all extracted foul smell out through the air exhausting device that is installed in each equipment top, the unified back of collecting got into the foul smell treatment system, handles back up to standard discharging.
In the entire treatment process, the waste water in the changing food waste can be used for the homogenate system and is used for slurrying, all participates in anaerobically fermenting, and the natural pond liquid after the fermentation is processed nutritive medium after treatment, realizes recycling.
All treatment systems and equipment are controlled by computer control system, realize that computingmachine is to the automatic control of equipment and the on-line monitoring and the remote control and regulation of equipment operating parameter.Improved the level of automation of changing food waste treatment system, reduced working strength of workers effectively, reduced heat energy and power consumption, made the whole system operation more economically, efficiently, rationally.
The above; Be merely the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any technician who is familiar with the present technique field is in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; The variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (10)
1. processing method of changing food waste into resources is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) preceding sorting: with the changing food waste of collecting at first through solid-liquid separation; Material is divided into solid part and liquid portion; Solid part is carried out sorting, and extrusion dehydration is done further solid-liquid separation then, gets into cracking and sorting equipment again; Utilize this equipment that oversize material is crushed to below the particle diameter 50mm, the liquid portion of solid-liquid separation then gets into oil-water separation system;
(2) hydrapulped: the changing food waste after the fragmentation is carried out hydrapulped, utilize hydraulic shear with material process solid content for 5-15%, solid particle size for 10mm with interior homogeneous slurry, and impurity wherein sorted out, obtain base-material;
(3) anaerobically fermenting: said base-material is at first sent into the hydrolization and acidification tank acidifying that is hydrolyzed, and the material that acidifying is accomplished gets into anaerobic fermentation tank and carries out anaerobically fermenting, makes the organism in the material change into biogas;
(4) natural pond slag system fertilizer: the natural pond slag behind the anaerobically fermenting gets into the composting system through the dehydration back, adds indispensable nutritive element according to material component, regulates the fertilizer quality, after granulation shaping oven dry, processes the finished product fertilizer;
(5) oily water separation: the grease that reclaims in the waste water through oily water separation can be used as industrial raw material with further use.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the sorting process material is with airtight helical feed before whole.
3. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: cracking and sorting equipment is meant the bulk object in the changing food waste solid part is carried out fragmentation; Cracking and sorting equipment comprises pneumatic separation device, comes out through the screening substances of the big I of adjustment wind-force with the size of the different specific weight in the rubbish
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (2), remove the impurity in the slurries through heavy substance separating device and light materials separating device.
5. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: in the step (3); In the anaerobic fermentation process, biogas self effect of increasing that on the one hand passes through to be produced stirs material, and anaerobic fermentation tank carries mechanical stirring device and material is carried out intermittent type stirs on the other hand.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in step (3) the anaerobic ferment process process, the mesophilic digestion temperature is 35～38 degrees centigrade, and temperature variation is no more than 3 degrees centigrade in the fermenting process, and pH is 7-8, and C/N ratio is 20-30: 1.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the biogas that anaerobically fermenting produces uses as clean energy through purifying the back.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (5), carry out secondary solid-liquid separation oil removal treatment, the first step is conveyor screw dehydration oil removing, and the second stage is solid-liquid separating machine dehydration oil removal treatment.
9. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: in the entire treatment process; Waste water in the changing food waste is used for the homogenate system and is used for slurrying; All participate in anaerobically fermenting, the natural pond liquid after the fermentation discharges or processes the irrigation that nutritive medium is used for farm crop and afforestation after WWT is up to standard, realizes recycling;
10. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is airtight to handle whole process, and the foul smell of collection gathers after the foul smell treatment system is handled back up to standard discharging.
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