CN102316827A - 可锁定的扩张式脊椎融合器 - Google Patents

可锁定的扩张式脊椎融合器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102316827A
CN102316827A CN2009801564653A CN200980156465A CN102316827A CN 102316827 A CN102316827 A CN 102316827A CN 2009801564653 A CN2009801564653 A CN 2009801564653A CN 200980156465 A CN200980156465 A CN 200980156465A CN 102316827 A CN102316827 A CN 102316827A
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China
Prior art keywords
spinal implants
bone
implant
piston
support component
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Granted
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CN2009801564653A
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CN102316827B (zh
Inventor
M·卡达巴
P·J·辛普森
J·E·阿什利
W·D·吉莱斯皮
T·格洛泽
G·A·曼斯菲尔德三世
D·G·玛苏拉
R·佩雷蒂
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Howmedica Osteonics Corp
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Coalign Innovations Inc
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Abstract

本发明提供一种脊椎植入体,其经配置以部署于邻近椎体之间。所述植入体具有至少一个可延伸的支撑元件,其具有用以促进部署所述植入体的缩回配置以及用以使所述植入体扩张且有效地分散椎盘空间、稳定运动片段且消除病态脊椎运动的延伸配置。还可校正角度畸形,并恢复自然弯曲。优选地,所述植入体在其未扩张状态中具有极小尺寸,其小于其通常穿过以部署于椎间空间内的神经孔的尺寸。所述植入体具备锁定系统,所述锁定系统优选地具有多个锁定元件以将所述植入体锁定于延伸配置中。还可提供骨头啮合锚以确保牢固定位。

Description

可锁定的扩张式脊椎融合器
相关申请案资料
本申请案为2009年3月4日申请的标题为“可锁定的脊椎植入体(Lockable SpinalImplant)”的第12/380,840号美国非临时专利申请案的部分接续案,所述美国非临时专利申请案为2008年12月10日申请的标题为“可锁定的脊椎植入体(Lockable Spinal Implant)”的第61/201,518号美国临时专利申请案的非临时版本。本申请案也为2008年2月22日申请的标题为“具有可扩张固定的脊椎植入体”的第12/072,044号美国非临时专利申请案的部分接续案。
本申请案也与2007年3月28日申请的标题为“三维液压可控的用于替换椎体的选择性扩张式脊椎融合器(Selectively Expanding Spine Cage,Hydraulically Controllable in ThreeDimensions for Vertebral Body Replacement)”的第11/692,800号美国专利申请案相关,所述美国专利申请案为2006年9月26日申请的标题为“三维液压可控的用于增强脊椎注入的选择性扩张式脊椎融合器(Selectively Expanding Spine Cage,Hydraulically Controllable in ThreeDimensions for Enhanced Spinal Infusion)”的第11/535,432号美国非临时专利申请案的部分接续案,所述美国非临时专利申请案为2005年9月26日申请的标题为“三维液压可控的用于增强脊椎注入的选择性扩张式脊椎融合器(Selectively Expanding Spine Cage,HydraulicallyControllable in Three Dimensions for Enhanced Spinal Infusion)”的第60/720,784号美国临时专利申请案的非临时版本。
以上所列举的申请案中的每一者的全文以引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于稳定椎体运动片段的装置和方法。更具体地说,本发明的领域涉及具有锁定元件的可扩张脊椎植入体,所述锁定元件经配置以将植入体以扩张配置锁定于椎间空间内以提供三维受控的脊椎校正用于实现改进的脊椎椎体间分散与融合。
背景技术
常规的脊椎融合器或植入体以芸豆形主体为特征,所述芸豆形主体通常在试验性植入体建立路径之后在后端穿过分散脊椎的神经孔插入。现有的用于体间稳定的装置具有重要且显著的限制,包括无法扩张和分散端板或将装置固定在恰当位置以防止装置与邻近椎体之间的相对移动。当前的用于体间稳定的装置包括静态间隔物,其由钛、PEEK和由VICTREX(Victrex USA Inc,3A Caledon Court;Greenville,SC 29615)生产的高性能热塑性聚合物、碳纤维或可再吸收聚合物组成。此外,当前的体间间隔物不维持体间脊柱前凸,且可导致形成笔直或均匀的脊柱后凸片段以及“平背综合症”临床问题。椎体端板的分散会增加神经元可用的空间(具体地说,神经孔)。现有的静态融合器不能可靠地改进用于神经元的空间。因此,需要一种脊椎植入体,其将在椎体之间后端提供用于神经元的空间,或至少维持自然的骨头轮廓以避免神经失用症(神经拉伸)或侵蚀。
常规的用于椎体间稳定的装置包括骨头与装置生物材料之间的不良界面。常规的静态体间间隔物形成骨头与生物材料之间的弱界面。虽然此类植入体的表面通常具备一系列隆脊或涂覆有氢氧基磷灰石,但所述隆脊可能与所施加的水平向量或侧向运动平行。也就是说,植入体上的隆脊或涂层对施加到端板任一侧的移动提供很少阻力。因此,归因于植入体与宿主骨头之间的运动,不愈合在同种异体移植物、钛和聚合物间隔物中是常见的。
发明内容
本发明大体上针对于一种用于在部分或全部移除脊椎盘之后插入于上级与第二椎体端板之间的脊椎植入体。体现本发明特征的脊椎植入体具有用于容易安装在邻近椎体之间的收缩配置以及用以将椎体支撑于合意位置中的扩张配置。更具体地说,所述植入体具有多个可相互啮合的元件,其将所述植入体锁定于扩张配置中以将椎体或关节区段固持于所要位置中。
本发明尤其针对于一种适于放置于上级与下级椎体之间的脊椎植入体。所述脊椎植入体具有用于啮合上级椎体的末端的第一部件或顶板以及用于啮合下级椎体的末端的第二部件或基座,且具有一个或一个以上可延伸的支撑元件,所述支撑元件优选地具有在扩张配置中啮合椎体的一个或一个以上顶部端板。所述一个或一个以上可延伸的支撑元件具有用以促进将植入体部署于上级与下级椎体之间且使其安全地经过敏感神经元的第一收缩配置,以及用以啮合椎体的端板的第二或延伸配置。植入体具有锁定系统,其具有以机械方式与可延伸的支撑元件或第一部件啮合或互锁以将所述植入体以扩张配置锁定于上级与下级椎体之间的锁定元件。
可延伸的支撑元件可以多种方式延伸,例如借助流体压力(例如液压流体或气体)、通过机械力(例如与旋转驱动部件的螺纹连接)或其它合适构件。流体移位是优选的。可延伸的支撑元件安置于汽缸中,所述汽缸在所述可延伸的支撑元件经延伸时支撑并导引所述可延伸的支撑元件。然而,所述锁定系统与可延伸的支撑部件和接纳支撑件部件的汽缸分开,但正在延伸的支撑部件可发动锁定系统,且支撑部件和汽缸可具有附接到其的锁支撑部件。
在一个示范性系统中,具有本发明特征的脊椎植入体包含具有第一骨头啮合表面的下级压力施加部件或基座、与所述基座协作的一个或一个以上可延伸的支撑部件以及耦合到所述至少一个可延伸部件的具有第二骨头啮合表面的上级压力施加部件(例如顶部端板)。脊椎植入体优选地具有多个啮合锁定元件,其经配置以独立地将所述可延伸的支撑部件或压力施加部件中的一者或一者以上锁定于延伸配置中以进而提供邻近椎体之间的所要椎盘高度,且在一些情况下在多个维度中提供所要的校正性脊椎对准。
体现本发明特征的脊椎植入体或选择性扩张式脊椎融合器(SEC)尤其适于后端或微创插入于上级与下级椎体端板之间,如2006年9月26日申请的第11/535,432号和2007年3月28日申请的第11/692,800号共同待决的申请案中所描述。植入体具有允许容易部署的收缩或未扩张配置,且在最大短横断维度中通常为约0.5cm到约1cm,以便使得能够穿过直径大约为1cm的工作空间在后端极小入侵性地插入于椎弓根之间。
在一个示范性实施例中,如上文所描述的用于放置于邻近椎体之间的脊椎植入体具有在其底侧上具有阶式支撑表面的上部锁定部件和在其顶侧上具有阶式支撑表面的下部锁定部件,所述下部锁定部件的阶式支撑表面经配置以啮合所述上部锁定部件的阶式支撑表面以将所述植入体锁定于延伸配置中。用以使上级压力施加部件升高的可扩张部件(例如波纹管或活塞)或其它恰当大小的机构(例如凸轮或螺杆)的延伸会增加上部与下部锁定部件之间的纵向间隔。上部与下部锁定部件之间的相对运动(旋转或线性的)致使下部锁定部件的阶式支撑表面与上部锁定部件的阶式支撑表面重新啮合以将锁定部件固定成间隔增大的关系且进而将植入体锁定于延伸配置中。
由于椎体端板非常像蛤壳那样通过韧带在一端处固持在一起,因而随着植入体抵靠着椎体端板扩张,可调整垂直扩张量以形成所要的前端/后端校正角度。
对脊椎的左右横向校正通过植入体的两个或两个以上可延伸部件的差动垂直扩张来实现。每一可延伸部件可独立地由位于生物体之外(远离患者)的主汽缸或注射器控制以用于垂直移动活塞和所附接的顶板以在前端或在后端校正脊椎畸形(中间或侧部),因此可用以在三个维度中提供脊椎校正。例如,参见2006年9月26日申请的第11/535,432号和2007年3月28日申请的第11/692,800号美国申请案共同待决申请案。
例如上文所引用的申请案中描述的极小入侵性小型化插入工具在后端插入未扩张的植入体,且提供与植入体的内部流通的液压或机械线路。插入工具还可提供用于将液体或浆体骨头嫁接材料传送到椎间空间中以供后续融合的线路。有利地,液压线路为小尺寸管道,以允许高液压压力而没有线路破裂的危险。
归因于由液压系统或在近端操作的机械系统所提供的机械优点,植入体在其未扩张状态中具有最小化尺寸和直径,其小于所准备的神经孔的直径。植入体因此可微创地插入并啮合于邻近椎体的端板之间以有效地分散椎间区域、恢复用于神经元的空间、稳定运动片段且消除病态片段运动。植入体通过形成刚性脊椎片段来增强脊椎关节固定。
植入体优选地具备中空内部以使得相当大量的骨头生长传导或诱导剂能够包含在其中,所述骨头生长传导或诱导剂穿过开口直接传送到邻近骨头。重要的是,这导致比邻近骨头和软组织故障力大的固定力。植入体可用以促进融合,且/或校正例如脊柱侧凸、驼背和脊椎前移等畸形。
植入体及其插入方法的临床目标提供神经根损伤的极小入侵性风险、减少疼痛、改进功能且准许患者在融合手术之后较早运动。固定元件将植入体维持于所要位置中,直到发生康复(融合或关节固定)为止。此时,植入体并入在骨头内部且其任务休止。
因此,本发明的关键特征是植入体可仅在约1/2cm的工作空间中在后端插入于椎弓根之间且接着扩张到其原始插入尺寸的约100%到约200%(通常约160%)并锁定于所述位置中以在三个维度中提供密切受控的全范围的永久脊椎校正。本发明的这些和其它优点将从以下详细描述和所附示范性图式中变得更明显。
在本发明的其它实施例中,提供可延伸的锁定骨头啮合锚以确保植入体在插入之后确实地与骨头啮合。
附图说明
出于说明本发明的目的,附图展示本发明的一个或一个以上实施例的方面。然而,应理解,本发明不限于附图中所展示的精确布置和手段,附图中:
图1为体现本发明特征的处于收缩配置中的椎间植入体的透视图。
图2为处于扩张配置中的图1中所展示的植入体的透视图。
图3为图1中所展示的植入体的分解透视图。
图4A为图1中所展示的植入体的俯视图。
图4B为图4A中所展示的植入体的穿过线4B-4B的侧视横截面图。
图5A为图1中所展示的植入体的下部部分的透视图,其中移除了上部部分和底面。
图5B为图5A中所展示的下部部分的仰视图。
图6A为图1中所展示的植入体的上部部分的透视图,其中移除了下部部分。
图6B为图3中所展示的楼梯状下部锁支撑件的放大透视图。
图7为图2中所展示的植入体的锁定机构的部分侧视图。
图8A到图9B为图7中的锁定机构的部分侧视图,其展示为处于不同的扩张和锁定配置中。
锁定机构的图10A和图10B在图10A中说明扩张但未锁定的配置且在图10B中说明扩张且锁定的配置。
图11A和图11B为下部锁支撑件和弹簧锁定致动器的透视图,其中说明其操作。
图11C为体现本发明特征的替代锁定机构和锁定致动器的透视图。
图12A到图12C为体现本发明特征的替代下部锁支撑件设计的透视图。
图13A到图13B分别为体现本发明特征的具有铰接顶部端板的替代性植入体的透视图和侧视图。
图14A为体现本发明特征的在可延伸活塞内具有下部锁支撑件的又一替代性植入体的分解透视图。
图14B为图14A中所展示的植入体的俯视图。
图14C为图14B中所展示的植入体的穿过线13C-13C的侧视横截面图。
图15为具有本发明特征的替代植入体设计的透视图,其中锁定机构围绕顶部端板中的中心开口。
图16为具有本发明特征的替代植入体设计的透视图,其中扩张式活塞位于中心处且锁定机构提供于扩张式活塞的两侧上。
图17为在植入体的顶板与底板之间具有棘齿和棘爪锁定部件的替代植入体设计的简化示意性说明。
图18为在植入体的顶板与底板之间具有棘齿和棘爪锁定部件的替代性植入体设计的透视图。
图19为在植入体的顶板与底板之间具有棘齿和悬臂式弹簧部件的植入体设计的横截面透视图。
图20到图29示意性说明体现本发明特征的用于将植入体的扩张部件锁定于延伸配置中的各种构件。
图30为具有本发明特征的又一替代植入体设计的透视图,其中锁定机构具有笔直的上部和下部相互配合的锁支撑件。
图31A到图31G说明替代性植入体锁定机构,其中金属丝形态围绕一对上部支撑部件,所述上部支撑部件具有经配置以接纳金属丝形态的沟槽。
图32A和图32B为本发明的包括锁定式圆锥形骨头啮合锚的另一替代性实施例的透视图。
图33A到图33C为展示替代性骨头啮合锚的透视图。
图34A和图34B为本发明的包括锁定式带螺纹的骨头啮合锚的另一替代性实施例的透视横截面图。
图35A和图35B为本发明的包括锁定式伸缩骨头啮合表面的又一实施例的透视图。
图36A和图36B为本发明的另一示范性实施例的横截面图,其分别展示为处于折叠和扩张配置中。
图36C为图36B中的实施例的后端透视图,其展示为处于扩张状态中。
图37A和图37B为根据本发明另一示范性实施例的提升机构的端视图,其分别展示为处于折叠和扩张配置中。
图38A和图38B为本发明的利用图37A和图37B中所展示的提升机构的另一实施例的横截面的端视图,其分别展示为处于折叠和扩张配置中。
图39A和图39B为图38A和图38B中所展示的相应实施例的俯视图,其中移除了顶板。
图40为图38B中所展示的实施例的前端透视图。
图41为本发明的再一示范性实施例的后端透视图,其展示为处于扩张配置中。
图42为图41的实施例的提升机构的透视图。
图43A和图43B为图41的实施例的横截面图,其分别展示为处于折叠和扩张配置中。
具体实施方式
图1到图10B说明具有本发明特征的椎间植入体10(可选择性扩张的融合器(SEC))的实例。植入体10大体上包括外壳11、外壳基座12、互锁顶部端板13、底部端板14、位于外壳11内的内部腔体15以及一对汽缸16。上部锁支撑件17附接到顶部端板13的底侧且具有多阶式下部支撑表面18,其非常类似于倒置的楼梯。具有多阶式上部支撑表面21的下部锁支撑件20围绕汽缸16,其非常类似于直立的楼梯。活塞22紧固到顶部端板13的底表面。密封部件23以可滑动方式安置于汽缸16内,且安装于活塞22上。底部端板14的上表面24具备锁定致动器通道25,其部分地接纳弹簧锁定致动器26。外壳11的基座12具有弧形狭槽27,其经配置为以可滑动方式接纳悬置元件28或下部锁支撑件20的锁定致动器传动元件,且部分地接纳弹簧锁定致动器26。悬置元件28啮合弹簧锁定致动器26的前向端30。弹簧锁定致动器26最初处于压缩配置中,使得在顶部端板13和所附接的上部锁支撑件17延伸时,下部锁支撑件20归因于偏置的弹簧锁定致动器26所施加的力而围绕汽缸16旋转。这致使下部锁支撑件20的锁支撑表面21啮合上部锁支撑件的支撑表面18以便将顶部端板13锁定于延伸配置中。上部锁支撑件17的支撑表面18和下部锁支撑件20的支撑表面21堆积有多个台阶,使得植入体10可锁定于若干不同扩张高度处。上部锁支撑件17的底侧阶式支撑表面18可在向上方向上具备不断增加的冒口高度(对准面46)以在活塞扩张的末端附近提供较小递增扩张。另外或替代地,下部锁支撑件20的阶式支撑表面21可出于相同原因而在向上方向上具备不断减小的冒口高度。可提供上部锁支撑件17或下部锁支撑件20的多种冒口高度。上部锁支撑件17的最下部阶式支撑表面18和下部锁支撑件20的最上部阶式支撑表面21可具备各种长度和宽度以确保较佳支撑。
如图2中可见,在此实施例中,存在附接到顶部端板13的两组上部锁支撑件17,且存在两组下部锁支撑件20,但也可使用单组或两组以上上部和下部锁支撑件来将植入体10锁定于扩张状态中。
植入体10经配置以植入于脊椎中的相对椎体之间以促进那些椎体之间的骨融合。植入体10在图1中展示为处于其折叠或收缩配置中,且在图2中展示为处于其扩张配置的一个实例中。在折叠状态中,植入体10可容易地通过极小切口且借助极小组织移除插入到椎体间空间中。一旦处于所述空间中,植入体10便可抵靠着两个相对椎体扩张以使其分散且进而使高度恢复到椎间空间。这提供了植入体10与两个椎体的稳定对立,且优化了骨融合过程。融合过程还可通过在插入到身体中之前和/或之后用自体同源骨嫁接、允许骨生长的基质和/或骨生长刺激物质填充内部腔体15来增强。
图3、图4A和图4B中描绘植入体10的个别部分的另外细节。活塞22附接到顶部端板13的底侧,其经配置以支撑在位于外壳11中的汽缸16内部行进的密封部件23。当如下文更详细描述汽缸16受压时,在汽缸16内部行进的密封件23和以可滑动方式安置于密封件内的活塞22垂直地移位,从而将顶部端板13垂直地转移到外壳11上方。下部锁支撑件20位于汽缸16的外壁周围。当顶部端板13垂直移位,其又使所附接的上部锁支撑件17移位时,下部锁支撑件由偏置的锁定致动器26旋转到锁定位置。底部板14的顶部表面中的弧形锁定致动器通道25和外壳基座12中的弧形狭槽27将锁定致动器26局限于外壳11。
图5A和图5B中描绘外壳11的额外细节。外壳11包含外壁31和紧固到外壳基座12的汽缸16。外壁31将导鼻32支撑于远端上且将递送凸起33支撑于近端上。导鼻32具有向内指向的侧部锥形面34以及顶部锥形面35和底部锥形面36。这些锥形面34、35和36使得能够经过神经元且在椎体之间以无创伤方式插入植入体10。递送凸起33含有递送工具锚37,其允许将植入体10紧紧附接到递送工具(未图示)以插入到椎体空间中,所述递送工具在2006年9月26日申请的第11/535,432号和2007年3月28日申请的第11/692,800号共同待决的申请案中说明。递送凸起33还含有压力输入端口38,其用以将受压流体递送到汽缸16的内部。外壳11的外壁31还提供侧部开口40,其提供用于使骨头向内生长到外壳11中的中心腔体15中的空间,且提供用于对骨头向内生长过程进行无线电照相成像的无线电透明开口。外壳基座12还含有压力通道41,其将来自压力输入端口38的受压流体递送到汽缸16的内部。虽然植入体10的外壳基座12经描绘为针对每一汽缸16具有独立压力通道41,但其它实施例可含有一个或一个以上分支压力通道以用于将受压流体递送到两个或两个以上汽缸16。如先前所提及,外壳基座12还具有锁定致动器狭槽27,其固持并导引锁定致动器26。锁定致动器狭槽27含有较宽部分的锁定致动器开口42,以使得能够将锁定致动器26插入到由外壳基座12中的锁定致动器狭槽27和底部端板14中的锁定致动器通道25所界定的通道中。外壳基座12还具有任选的对准凸起19,其经由任选的对准孔9将底部端板14对准到外壳11。
图6A和图6B说明顶部端板13和下部锁支撑件20的另外细节。两组活塞22和上部锁支撑件17通过连接部件或撑杆44来接合。活塞22具有密封凸起45,密封件23安装于所述密封凸起45上。上部锁支撑件17具有分层的下部支撑表面18和冒口或对准面46。上部锁支撑件17的分层或阶式支撑表面18啮合下部锁支撑件20的阶式或分层支撑表面21。上部锁支撑件的对准面46经配置以啮合下部锁支撑件20的对准面47。下部锁支撑件20的最上部支撑表面具有锁支撑件止块50,其与上部锁支撑件的最下部对准面46啮合以防止下部锁支撑件20在啮合上部锁支撑件17时过度旋转。下部锁支撑件20的底部还具有锁定致动器传动元件28,其啮合弹簧锁定致动器26的前向端30以将来自锁定致动器26的致动力传送到下部锁支撑件20。
图7到图10B展示植入体10的选择性扩张式锁定序列的细节,其中外壳11被移除。图7中展示折叠配置,其中上部锁支撑件17的支撑表面18搁置于下部锁支撑件20的支撑表面21上。锁定致动器26为偏置元件,例如弹簧,其啮合悬置元件或锁定致动器传动元件28以在其接触的方向上推进所述锁支撑件的对准面。因此,在一个示范性实施例中,下部锁支撑件17的对准面47被迫使抵靠着上部锁支撑件17的对准面46。锁支撑件止块50配合于顶部端板13上的下部锁止块浮雕52(图6A中最佳展示)内。当汽缸16受压时,活塞22使顶部端板13和所附接的上部锁支撑件17升高(笔直箭头),从而使上部锁支撑件17的支撑表面18移动离开支撑表面21且使下部对准面46移动经过上部对准面47。当上部锁支撑件17的对准面46已完全离开下部锁支撑件20的对准面47时,啮合锁定致动器传动元件28的锁定致动器26(在此实施例中为压缩的盘簧)迫使下部锁支撑件20旋转(图8B和9B中的弯曲箭头)。旋转的下部锁支撑件20的支撑表面21移动到升高的上部锁支撑件17的支撑表面18的下一下部层级,直到下部锁支撑件20的对准面47啮合上部锁支撑件17的对准面46的下一层级为止。下部锁支撑件20和上部锁支撑件17接着将顶部端板13锁定于此扩张层级处。此过程在每一锁定层级(图8A、图8B、图9A、图9B和图10A)处使其自身重复,直到如图10B中所展示达到顶部层级(或之间某处)为止。在此顶部层级处,锁定致动器26啮合锁定致动器传动元件28,且下部锁支撑件20旋转,所以上部锁支撑件17的最下部对准表面46啮合下部锁支撑件20的最上部支撑表面21的锁支撑件止块50。在此最高的锁定层级处,只有上部锁支撑件17的最低支撑表面18和最高支撑表面21被啮合,从而提供所有锁定支撑。如从图10A和图10B可见,上部锁支撑件17的最低支撑表面18和下部锁支撑件20的最高支撑表面21可比其它支撑面宽以在仅这两个面啮合时提供足够的支撑材料。
图11A和图11B说明锁定致动器26的操作。在此实施例中,弹簧锁定致动器26在下部锁支撑件20之下被压缩成弧。弹簧锁定致动器26的一端由外壳11(未图示)抑制,且另一端与锁定致动器传动元件28啮合。当上部锁支撑件17的下部对准面46通过活塞22的延伸而升高到下部锁支撑件20的上部对准面47上方时,锁定致动器26抵靠着锁定致动器传动元件28推动且如从上观看在顺时针方向(箭头)上旋转下部锁支撑件20。应注意,在如至此所描述的当前植入体的实施例中,分层的上部和下部支撑表面18和21的角定向可在存在一组以上支撑件时变化。如图3中所展示,如从上观看,近端的下部支撑表面21顺时针定向,且远端的下部支撑表面21逆时针定向。此相反定向为施加到植入体的旋转力提供增强的锁定支撑。
图11C中将替代性锁定致动器26a展示为扭簧。此锁定致动器26a具有紧固到下部锁支撑件20的抑制突出部53和紧固到外壳11a的抑制突出部54。正如图11A和图11B所展示的压缩弹簧向下部锁支撑件20a施加力以使其旋转,图11C中的扭簧也这样操作。拉伸弹簧将与锁定致动器26a同样地起作用。弹簧致动器可由恰当的生物相容材料制成,所述材料例如为不锈钢、NITINOL、钛或合适的聚合物。锁定致动器不限于弹簧。可使用许多种机构来致动下部锁支撑件20,包括但不限于线性驱动器、外部致动式承拉部件、蜗轮、例如气球或波纹管等膨胀部件、磁体、例如微型马达等旋转驱动器、超弹性形状记忆元件等。
图12A到图12C展示上文所描述的下部锁支撑件20的变型。在图12A中,展示三组式锁支撑件20a,其中存在三组上部支撑表面21a、上部对准表面47a和锁支撑件止块50,而非上文所描述的2组。此三组式下部锁支撑件20a具有两个优于2组设计的优点:1)存在三个支撑件列而非两个支撑件列来将植入体10锁定于扩张状态中,进而形成较稳定的锁;以及2)三组式下部锁支撑件20a针对每一锁定层级的移动或旋转量少得多。这最后一个优点在锁定致动器为例如弹簧锁定致动器26等弹簧时为显著的,因为这向弹簧施加较少张力以在每一台阶处实现所需要的锁定力。每一下部锁支撑件列将具有对应的上部锁支撑件列(未图示)。上部支撑表面21和下部支撑表面18不限于2或3组表面。可采用包括单组在内的任何数目组的支撑表面。
图12B展示交指状下部锁支撑件20b。交指状锁支撑件20b上的交指状上部支撑表面21b中的每一者与交指状止块50b配对,所述交指状止块50b在与上部锁支撑件(未图示)的匹配交指状支撑表面和止块配对时防止交指状支撑表面21b相对于上部锁支撑件的交指状支撑表面移动,从而在交指状下部支撑面未首先升高到交指状止块50b上方的情况下将植入体10b解锁。此设计提供增强的锁定特征。
一般来说,下部支撑表面18和上部支撑表面21为水平的,以使锁定的植入体中的垂直支撑最大化。然而,图12C中所展示的锁定支撑件20c通过提供倾斜的支撑表面21c来提供增强的锁定特征,所述支撑表面21c相对于地平线具有斜坡,这需要上部锁支撑件(未图示)上的匹配倾斜下部支撑表面升高到倾斜的上部支撑表面21c上方,之后才能转动上部锁支撑件来将植入体10c解锁。
图12A和图12C展示锁定致动器传动元件或悬置元件28的各种长度。锁定致动器传动元件28的长度可依据在锁定致动器传动元件28与锁定致动器狭槽27之间需要多大程度上的啮合来变化。锁定致动器传动元件28包括一个或一个以上传动元件突出部29a和29c,其垂直地将下部锁支撑件20抑制到外壳11中的锁定致动器狭槽27。上文所描述的较宽锁定致动器开口42使得能够在旋转位置处将具有传动元件突出部29a和29c的锁定致动器传动元件28插入到外壳基座12中的锁定致动器狭槽27中,其中锁定致动器传动元件28与锁定致动器开口42对准。在其它旋转位置中,传动元件突出部由较窄锁定致动器狭槽27的侧面上的横向延伸部49(图4B中展示)抑制。以此方式,锁定致动器传动元件28提供将来自锁定致动器26的力传送到下部锁支撑件20以及将下部锁支撑件20抑制到外壳11的两个功能。这后面一个功能防止下部对准面46与上部对准面47之间由偏置的弹簧锁定致动器26产生的摩擦力在活塞22使上部锁支撑件17升高时使下部锁支撑件20连同上部锁支撑件17一起升高。
作为对锁定致动器传动元件28的替代形式,图12B中所展示的实施例描绘锁定致动器导引通道80。此锁定致动器导引通道80啮合承拉部件(未图示),所述承拉部件将来自锁定致动器26的致动力传送到下部锁支撑件20。承拉部件可具有许多已知元件,例如由聚合物或自然材料、金属缆线、塑料或金属棒等制成的缝线。
图13A和图13B说明体现本发明特征的植入体110的替代设计。植入体110具有对远端活塞122a和近端活塞122b的独立致动。所述两个活塞122a和122b由铰接顶部端板113互连,这允许独立升高和锁定植入体110的每一侧。此对植入体110的两端的独立升高和锁定使得植入体能够符合之间具有非均匀横向高度的椎间端板。另外,此独立升高和锁定允许植入体110用以在椎体端板之间形成变化的横向高度,这可有助于补偿脊椎中的脊柱侧凸。
植入体110具有外壳111,所述外壳具有位于其中的替代性递送工具锚160以及替代性压力输入端口137。可在不脱离本发明范围的情况下与当前装置的任何实施例一起使用多种锚设计或压力端口。锁定和解锁接入端口138也位于此外壳111上。这些端口用以导引锁定和解锁机构(未图示),所述锁定和解锁机构可在植入体110的外部操纵以致动下部锁支撑件120,从而不仅使下部锁支撑件120在上部锁支撑件117下方移动以将活塞122b和铰接端板113固持于扩张位置中,而且还使下部锁支撑件120移动远离上部锁支撑件117以允许活塞122b和铰接端板113折叠回到外壳110中。这后面一个动作可能是从椎间空间移除植入体110或将植入体重新定位于椎间空间内所需要的。可与当前发明一起使用多种锁定/解锁机构,例如但不限于包括缝线和金属缆线的承拉部件、例如金属或聚合物棒等压缩部件、受压流体、旋转驱动器、超弹性形状记忆元件等。
图14A到图14C描绘体现本发明特征的又一替代性植入体210。植入体210具有介接顶板213,其经由介接顶板213上的活塞俘获板270和旋转活塞222ab上的活塞头318连接到分开且自由旋转的活塞222。旋转活塞222ab还在内部含有上部锁支撑件217,其具有支撑面218和对准面246。密封件223安装在旋转活塞222ab上,且密封件223和旋转活塞222ab配合到位于外壳211上的内部汽缸216中。内部汽缸216具有带有支撑表面221和对准面247的下部锁支撑件220以及下部保持特征273。外壳211还含有一个或一个以上压力输入端口238。
在使用中,将植入体210以折叠状态插入到椎体间空间中,且通过压力输入端口238将流体压力递送到内部汽缸216以使密封件223和旋转活塞222ab升高离开内部汽缸,进而使介接顶板213升高且使植入体210扩张。一旦旋转活塞222ab已被升高以使得上部锁支撑件217的下部对准面246已完全离开下部锁支撑件220的上部对准表面247,致动器(未图示)便旋转所述旋转活塞222ab以使得上部锁支撑件217的下部支撑表面218移动到下部锁支撑件220的上部支撑表面221上方,以进而将植入体210锁定于扩张配置中。致动器可为一个或一个以上例如缝线或缆线等承拉部件,其穿过介接顶板213上的锁定和解锁接入端口238从用户延伸进入植入体210到达活塞头271。当活塞处于延伸配置中时向一个或一个以上承拉部件施加张力将使活塞头271旋转,使得上部锁支撑件217的支撑表面218移动到下部锁支撑件220的支撑表面221上方,进而锁定植入体210。替代地或除了施加张力以将植入体210锁定于扩张配置中之外,向一个或一个以上承拉部件施加张力将使活塞头271旋转,使得下部支撑表面218移动远离上部支撑表面221,进而将植入体210解锁并允许旋转活塞22ab2坐回到内部汽缸216中,使得植入体210再次处于折叠配置中。
图15说明体现本发明特征的替代性植入体设计310,其具有类似于先前实施例的外壳311、顶部端板313和活塞322。此植入体310具有位于植入体的中心部分内的上部锁支撑件317和下部锁支撑件320。如上文所描述,借助悬置元件(未图示),上部锁支撑件317紧固到顶部端板313且下部锁支撑件320紧固到基座314,且如在先前实施例中那样移动。
图16说明体现本发明特征的替代性植入体设计410,其具有类似于先前实施例的外壳411、顶部端板413和定位在中心的活塞422。此植入体410具有上部锁支撑件417和下部锁支撑件420,其位于定位在中心的汽缸416和活塞422的远端和近端。如上文所描述经由悬置元件(未图示),上部锁支撑件417紧固到顶部端板413且下部锁支撑件420紧固到基座412,且如在先前实施例中那样移动。
图17展示另一替代性植入体510,其具有一对活塞522且具有锁定支撑系统,所述锁定支撑系统包括位于基座512上的棘齿520和以枢转方式安装到顶部端板513并从其悬置的棘爪517。活塞522的扩张致使棘爪517的自由端518啮合棘齿521中的凹口520以便将顶部端板513锁定于延伸配置中。
图18说明另一替代性植入体设计610,其类似于图17中所展示的设计。在此实施例中,棘爪617的自由端具有多个齿状物618以提供棘爪617与棘齿621之间的较大有效接触以用于锁定植入体610。
图19为体现本发明特征的植入体710的另一实施例的横截面。在此实施例中,活塞722由上部锁支撑件717包围,所述上部锁支撑件717具有至少一个终止于支撑表面718处的悬臂延伸。支撑表面718由凹进的支撑表面721俘获,所述凹进的支撑表面721位于外壳711的内壁上。一旦活塞722在向上方向上扩张,上部锁支撑件717的支撑表面718便啮合凹进的支撑面721,从而将植入体710锁定在恰当位置。上部锁支撑件717可相对于活塞722和外壳711旋转以使支撑表面718从支撑面721脱离以根据需要将植入体710解锁并使活塞722下降。或者,可通过使上部锁支撑件抑制件775相对于上部锁支撑件717旋转以向前推进悬臂延伸并使支撑表面718从支撑表面721脱离来将植入体710解锁。
图20A到图31说明用于将例如活塞等可延伸部件锁定于延伸配置中的多种合适构件。图20A、图20B、图21A、图21B和图22到图31展示下部锁支撑件和上部锁支撑件的变型。在这些变型中的每一者中,在下部锁支撑件上存在支撑表面,其啮合上部锁支撑件上的支撑表面。
在图20A和图20B中,支撑表面818包含设置到上部锁支撑件817中的沟槽。下部锁支撑件820为U形钳,其经配置以朝向上部锁支撑件817前进(如图20A中由箭头所指示)且用其上部支撑表面821啮合所述沟槽中的一者以用于锁定植入体(这些图中未展示)。下部锁支撑件820从所述沟槽中缩回(如图20B中由箭头所指示)以使下部锁支撑件脱离且将植入体解锁。
在图21A中所展示的变型中,下部锁支撑件920为具有上部锁间隔开口970的板,所述上部锁间隔开口970经成形以允许圆柱形平侧上部锁支撑件917穿过下部锁支撑件920(箭头)。如图21B中所展示,一旦下部锁支撑件920定位于所要位置处,其便可旋转大约90°(箭头)以使下部锁支撑件920的支撑面与上部锁支撑件917的支撑表面918啮合。上部锁支撑件917和下部锁支撑件920上的配合上部锁间隔开口970的形状不限于图21A和图21B中所展示的轮廓,锁定致动也不限于将所述元件中的一者旋转90°,而是可变化为在一个配置中允许穿过但当所述元件中的一者移动到另一配置时受抑制的任何数目的形状。
在图22中,上部锁支撑件1017为汽缸,其具有经切割以形成支撑表面1018的槽口。下部锁支撑件1020为针对下部支撑表面1021具有棘爪1071的枢转销1070。在所展示的配置中,支撑表面被偏置,如箭头1072所指示,以允许上部锁支撑件1017与植入体的可扩张部件一起上升且防止上部锁支撑件掉落。这允许装置在上部锁支撑件1017的后续支撑表面1018啮合下部锁支撑件1020的支撑表面1021时锁定于每一层级处。在此具有本发明特征的变型中,上部锁支撑件1017还可通过将下部锁支撑件1020的枢转销1070移动远离上部锁支撑件1070以使支撑表面1021从支撑表面1018脱离来下降。
图23展示具有本发明特征的又一实施例,其中下部锁支撑件1120为经配置以啮合(箭头)位于上部锁支撑件1117中的支撑表面1118的销。下部锁支撑件1120不必如此图中所展示啮合上部锁支撑件1117的全部厚度,支撑表面1118也不必延伸穿过上部锁支撑件1117的整个厚度,而是可啮合上部锁支撑件1117的足以将植入体锁定于恰当位置的任何部分。此实施例还允许多种形状的销1120和配合支撑表面1118。
在图24中,下部锁支撑件1220为具有两个枢转爪1270的夹具,所述枢转爪的末端具有支撑表面1221。上部锁支撑件1217具有一系列槽口1271,其具有支撑表面1218。例如压缩弹簧等锁致动器(未图示)可向夹具基座延伸部1273施加力(如箭头1272所展示)以锁定装置。此具有本发明特征的变型允许上部锁支撑件1217向上移动,但防止其向下运动。可通过颠倒夹具基座延伸部1273上的力来允许上部锁支撑件1217的向下运动。
并非所有体现本发明特征的锁定系统均需要将上部锁支撑件的支撑表面直接啮合于下部锁支撑件的支撑表面之上。可形成摩擦支撑件以锁定装置,如图25到图32中所展示。
在图25中,上部锁支撑件1317具有一个或一个以上平面作为支撑表面1318。下部锁支撑件1320具有一个或一个以上枢转棘爪,其具有啮合支撑表面1318且支撑负载(箭头)的支撑表面1321。
在图26中,上部锁支撑件1417具有外部支撑面1418,其由包覆式下部锁支撑件1420的内径上的支撑面1421夹持。此下部锁支撑件1420可为扭簧,其在其自由状态中夹持上部锁支撑件1417且当如图所示向其末端1470中的一者或一者以上施加力(箭头)以增加弹簧内径时释放上部锁支撑件。相反情况也是可能的,其中下部锁支撑件1420在自由状态中允许上部锁支撑件1417在内径内部移动。当向末端1470施加张力以减小内径时,下部锁支撑件夹持上部锁支撑件1417的支撑表面1418以锁定植入体。
图27A和图27B展示另一变型,其可描述为斜置垫圈型装置。下部锁支撑件1520为具有上部锁间隔开口1570的板,所述上部锁间隔开口1570允许上部锁支撑件1517进行相对移动,如图27A中所展示。当下部锁支撑件1520如图28B中所展示斜置时,上部锁间隔开口1570的边缘包含下部支撑表面1521,其啮合作为上部锁支撑件1517的外表面的上部支撑表面1518,从而相对于下部锁支撑件1520锁定上部支撑表面1518。
图28中展示当前发明的夹持锁的又一变型。在此变型中,下部锁支撑件1620包含一个或一个以上爪,其具有支撑表面1621,所述支撑表面1621经配置以抵靠着上部锁支撑件1617的支撑表面1618受力以产生摩擦力以将装置锁定于恰当位置。
图29说明下部锁支撑件1720,其包含枢轴和棘爪,如上文已详细描述。棘爪的末端包含下部支撑表面1721,其啮合上部锁支撑件1717上的上部支撑表面1718。在此实施例中,通过扩张元件(未图示)将上部锁支撑件1717逆时针旋转。此旋转又使活塞1722升高,这使植入体扩张。以此方式,上部锁支撑件1817集成到提升机构中以啮合下部锁支撑件1720且当植入体扩张时锁定植入体。
图30说明又一替代性植入体1810,其类似于图1中所展示的植入体,不同之处只是上部锁定部件1817和下部锁定部件1818具有线性形状而非先前实施例的弧形形状。植入体1810大体上具有外壳1811、顶板1813、底板1814、活塞1822和汽缸1816。上部锁定部件1817具有支撑表面1818,且下部锁定部件1820具有支撑表面1821。植入体1810具有锁定致动器(未图示)。
图31A到图31G说明体现本发明特征的另一植入体1910,其具有带有具支撑表面1918的沟槽1970的上部锁定部件1917和带有锁定表面1921的下部锁定部件1920。下部锁定部件1920为金属丝形态,其环绕两个上部锁定部件1917的外部且经配置以就坐于沟槽1970内。通过锁定致动器(未图示)使下部锁定部件1920扩张(图31B中的箭头)致使将下部锁定部件1920从沟槽1970中拉出,且允许上部锁定部件1917随植入体的扩张而上升。释放下部锁定部件1920的此扩张(图31A中的箭头)允许下部锁定部件1920坐回到沟槽1970中,从而锁定植入体1910。
图31G说明体现本发明特征的替代植入体1910a的细节,所述植入体1910a具有带有具支撑表面1918a的沟槽1970a的上部锁定部件1917a和带有锁定表面1921a的下部锁定部件1920a。下部锁定部件1920a为金属丝形态,其环绕两个上部锁定部件1917a的外部且经配置以就坐于沟槽1970a内。当上部锁定部件1917a上存在压缩或向下力(中空箭头)时支撑表面1918a锁定于支撑表面1921a上,从而锁定植入体1910a。上部锁定部件1917a的向上力或延伸(实心箭头)致使下部锁定部件1920a倚靠在脱离表面1919a上且离开沟槽1970a,从而允许上部锁定部件1917a随植入体1910a的扩张而上升。
在本发明的另一方面中,如上文所描述的活塞/汽缸和锁定布置可用以部署可延伸的骨头锚。举例来说,如图32A和图32B中所展示的具有圆锥形骨头啮合锚60的植入体10A可经构造而具有如上文结合植入体10所描述且例如图2、图3和图4B中所展示的活塞22和汽缸16。植入体10A具有如先前所描述的外壳11,且可包括其它先前所描述的特征,例如用于骨头生长刺激物质的内部腔体15。然而,在此实施例中,代替上部互锁端板13,两个活塞22个别地以圆锥形骨头啮合锚60终止。骨头啮合锚(其包括锋利的引导尖端62)形成用于啮合椎体的表面。
如图32A中所展示,骨头啮合锚60在外壳11内处于收缩配置中,以有助于插入植入体10A。如先前所描述使用液压致动,使骨头啮合锚60移动到延伸配置,如图32B中所展示,其中至少引导尖端62延伸超出外壳11以啮合并锚定于骨头中。为了确保骨头啮合锚保持稳固地啮合于骨头中,提供包括如先前结合植入体10所描述且例如图6A到图12C中所展示的多阶式上部和下部锁支撑件17、20的锁定机构以将每一锚60支撑于延伸配置中。借助此布置,延伸且锁定的锚60有助于将植入体保持于恰当位置。
对于根据本发明的骨头啮合锚可存在多种替代方案,如图33A到图33C中所说明。举例来说,图33A中的植入体10B包括形成为长钉60A和刀片60B的骨头啮合锚。刀片60B可特别有效地防止在部署之后沿插入路径运动。在此情况下,刀片60B的长度在箭头A所展示的方向上对准。这大致上正交于植入方向(箭头B),且将抵抗所述方向上的移动。图33B中所展示的植入体10F包括其它可能的变型。在此实施例中,骨头啮合锚形成为带倒钩的长钉60C。沿长钉轴的倒钩61抵抗趋向于使组织沿锚的轴线移动远离植入体的力(非常像下文所描述的带螺纹锚也将抵抗这种力)。植入体10F中还包括横向骨头啮合锚63以用于锚定于横向定向的组织中。在所说明的实施例中,横向锚63包括普通长钉60A。横向锚63以如本申请案中别处所描述的相同方式且用如本申请案中别处所描述的相同组件(例如,活塞、汽缸、锁定机构等)形成,不同之处只是所述组件如图所示横向定位。为了在此横向实施例中向骨头锚组件提供支撑,外壳11包括中心部件11A,其将内部腔体15划分为两个部分。在植入体10B和10F的配置中,当锚部件完全接纳于骨头内时,活塞22的顶部也可成为骨头啮合表面。图33C展示另一替代性植入体10G,其包括从外壳11倾斜而非正交延伸的锚65。此倾斜布置有助于抵抗侧向旋转力(例如,当患者/脊椎朝向侧面弯曲时)和扩张力。同样,倾斜延伸的锚65与本文中所描述的其它骨头啮合锚基本上相同,不同之处只是倾斜定向。此处,在顶部端板66中提供孔68以供长钉穿过。一般来说,根据本发明实施例的骨头啮合锚应具有相对于活塞直径的大小来说相对较小的终端(例如,尖端62),使得活塞上由液压流体形成的力按比例地在小锚终端处为大得多的力,以增强其延伸进入坚硬骨组织的能力。所属领域的技术人员还将了解,除了本申请案的图中所展示的示范性组合之外,本文中所描述的骨头啮合元件的各种特征(例如,长钉、刀片、倒钩等)可以任何所要组合来组合。
在图34A和图34B中所说明的另一替代性实施例中,植入体10C包括带螺纹部件64作为骨头啮合锚。植入体10C还说明另一替代方案,其中骨头啮合表面(例如锚)从植入体的相对侧延伸。在此示范性实施例中,互锁端板13用集成式顶部端板66替换。提供孔68以供带螺纹部件64穿过。所属领域的技术人员将了解,孔68将根据需要来定位;在所说明的实施例中,一个孔位于端板66中,且另一个孔位于底部端板14中。
带螺纹的骨头啮合锚64从活塞22向外延伸。为了在活塞延伸时将带螺纹锚旋入骨头中,外壳11的内壁具备带螺纹表面70,其与对应螺纹71配合,从而与活塞22协作。如先前所描述,密封件23在活塞22与汽缸16之间起作用,以防止液压流体泄漏。当如针对先前实施例所描述流体在汽缸内受压时,活塞延伸,而且还通过带螺纹表面70与71之间的啮合以圆周运动驱动。带螺纹锚64因此在延伸状态下被驱动到邻近骨头中。
同样,可采用如先前所描述且例如图6A到图12C中所展示的锁定机构来防止骨头啮合锚变得从骨头脱离。在图34A和图34B的横截面视图中,上部和下部锁支撑件17、20可在活塞和汽缸外部周围看到。或者,取决于带螺纹部分的深度和间距,可能不需要使用单独的锁定机构。如所属领域的技术人员将了解,单凭螺纹的配置便足以防止锚收回。
图35A和图35B说明本发明的另一方面,其中如所描述的锁定机构用以将伸缩式骨头啮合表面紧固于恰当位置。如本文中所使用,伸缩式指代嵌套式可延伸部件在基座与骨头啮合部件之间包括至少一个中间部件。
首先参看图35A,植入体10D具有大致平面的骨头啮合部件72。骨头啮合部件72因此类似于植入体10的骨头啮合部件,但改为在没有互锁端板13的情况下个别地致动。活塞/汽缸布置也类似于先前所描述的布置,不同之处只是此处上部活塞74接纳于中间活塞80中。中间活塞又接纳于汽缸16中,如先前针对活塞22所描述。上部活塞74通过上部活塞密封件76(见图35B)抵靠着中间活塞的中间汽缸78来密封。
在外加用于上部活塞的上部锁支撑件82的情况下,伸缩式骨头啮合部件72以类似于早先所描述的实施例的方式由锁定机构紧固。中间活塞80由上部锁支撑件17和下部锁支撑件20支撑,如先前所描述。上部锁支撑件82包括上部和下部锁支撑件84、86。因此,上部活塞74紧固到上部锁紧装置的上部锁支撑件84。上部锁紧装置的下部锁支撑件86安装于下部锁紧装置的上部锁支撑件20之上。与早先所描述的实施例的一个差异是针对上部锁紧装置不需要单独的弹簧致动器26,因为其可通过致动器26连同下部锁紧装置一起旋转。
如图35B中所展示,植入体10E包括另一变型,其中上部骨头啮合表面88的平面部分实际上为环形的,其中圆锥形锚90位于中心处。本发明的包括骨头啮合锚的实施例的优点包括锚借助相对较高的力使用液压线路的与植入体的相对较小连接从植入体的长轴线(即,插入轴线)横向延伸的能力。这个优点优于需要对植入体的较大接入或较大连接以供较大工具或非液压延伸力使锚延伸进入坚硬骨组织中的其它方法。
虽然本发明的先前所描述的实施例包括在使用机构以将顶部端板提升远离底部端板时借助受压流体扩张的汽缸16和活塞22,但本发明的实施例不仅限于此类提升机构。在图36A到图36C中,展示本发明的包含植入体10F的替代性实施例,其中一对波纹管92替换先前所描述的活塞与汽缸对。波纹管92的一端附接到外壳11,且另一端附接到顶部端板13。经由压力输入端口38所添加的受压流体穿过波纹管孔口94引导到波纹管92的内部中,从而致使波纹管扩张。正在扩张的波纹管迫使顶部端板13远离外壳11,且下部锁支撑件20旋转以将装置锁定于扩张配置中,如先前所描述。波纹管92可由任何生物相容材料制成,所述材料例如为316系列不锈钢、钛或钛合金、钴铬合金或可植入的聚合材料。波纹管可具有如图36A到图36C中所展示的手风琴状折叠配置,或可配合在外壳内部并将支撑件锁定于折叠配置中且当受压时充分扩张以将顶部端板13提升离开外壳11所要量的任何其它规则或不规则配置。下部锁支撑件20和上部锁支撑件17向波纹管92提供限制性几何形状,其允许使用不规则的波纹管配置。借助如图36A和图36B中所展示的波纹管布置,不像汽缸与活塞中的情况,提升量不限于折叠的汽缸与活塞交叠的量。
其它示范性实施例不依赖于使用受压流体来扩张。举例来说,图37A和图37B展示替代性旋转凸轮提升机构93。凸轮提升机构93包括具有大致弯曲凸轮表面95和大致平坦顶部表面97的凸轮96、旋转轴98和轴支撑件99。凸轮96附接到旋转轴98,且轴98由轴支撑件99支撑且在其内旋转。在使用此机构的植入体10G中,轴支撑件99锚定到外壳11的内部,且轴98的旋转(由弯曲箭头所描绘)使弯曲凸轮表面95抵靠着顶部端板13的底部旋转且使顶部端板13移动远离外壳11,如图38A到图38B、图39A到图39B和图40中所展示。凸轮96的形状决定可能的提升量以及相对于凸轮旋转量的提升量。凸轮不限于图中所描绘的90度旋转。旋转从少至10度到多至355度的任何量的凸轮的任何形状在不脱离本发明范围的情况下均是可能的。轴旋转可通过若干构件来完成,如下文将更详细地论述。如果针对植入体10G连同下部和上部锁定支撑件20和17一起使用凸轮提升机构93作为提升机构,则提升机构可仅支撑初始提升负载且不必支撑植入体10G上的重复性长期支撑负载,长期支撑负载由锁定支撑件负担。凸轮96不需要如示范性实施例中所展示的大致平坦顶部表面97来支撑顶部端板13,但此表面提供用于外科医生旋转轴98的旋转端点。
另一替代性实施例为图41、图43A和图43B中所展示的植入体10H。植入体10H使用旋转螺杆提升机构193,如图42中所展示。此机构包括轴98、轴支撑件99、附接到轴98的蜗轮170和位于轴98的一端处的轴输入端178。所述机构还包括提升螺杆172,其具有下部提升螺纹174和传动齿轮176以及支撑凸起186。经由轴输入端178施加扭矩使轴98转动,这使所附接的蜗轮170转动。蜗轮170使提升螺杆172上的传动齿轮176转动。提升螺杆172借助于其支撑凸起186包含在外壳11内,所述支撑凸起186就坐于外壳轴承188中。提升螺杆172的旋转将来自下部提升螺纹174的力传送到上部提升螺母180上的上部提升螺纹182。上部提升螺母180附接到顶部端板13,使得轴输入端178的旋转将上部端板13提升远离外壳11。蜗轮170与匹配传动齿轮176以及下部提升螺纹174与匹配上部提升螺纹182的相对间距可变化以相对于旋转和扭矩量实现所要的提升量。扭矩可由所属领域的技术人员众所周知的任何构件施加,所述构件包括但不限于电马达、气动或液压涡轮或致动器的手动旋转。轴输入端178经展示为六角形柱,但可在不脱离本发明范围的情况下使用任何替代性输入端,例如但不限于正方形或星形柱、正方形、星形或六角形插口或平键轴(keyed shaft)。
如本文中针对本发明的示范性实施例所说明,横向融合器植入体尤其得益于使用如本文中所描述的锚,因为到脊椎的横向途径是长而窄的途径,其限制了外科医生使用其它仪器来使锚从融合器延伸(其例如借助接入口不是那么窄的前端途径可更容易地进行)的能力。然而,如所属领域的技术人员将了解,尽管可结合横向途径和因此设计的融合器来呈现特定的额外优点,但根据本发明实施例的锚对于任何途径均为有利的,因为其可产生所需要的延伸力,而不管患者骨骼或对外科医生使用替代延伸构件的其它限制条件如何。
本文描述的元件集中于锁定元件经配置以将植入体锁定于延伸配置中的方式。虽然此锁定动作抵抗置于植入体上的将趋向于迫使其回到折叠配置的力,但锁定元件要应对的力不止是上述力。一旦插入于椎体之间,植入体便遭受横向力和扭矩以及压缩力。锁定特征连同本发明的其它元件经设计以抵抗所有这些力,从而提供一种能够稳定固定和分散的植入体。
在将具有本发明特征的脊椎植入体插入于椎体之间之前,通常会执行部分或完整腰椎间盘切除术。将植入体以其未扩张状态引入以使得其能够以对患者造成极小损伤且对神经根造成极小伤害风险在后端插入。一旦处于恰当位置,便可使植入体扩张以提供中间和横向脊椎校正。植入体具有约5mm到约15mm(通常约7mm)的未扩张高度,且可扩张到未扩张高度的至少130%到约180%。通常,植入体为约9mm到约15mm宽(通常约12mm宽)且约25到约55mm长(通常约35mm长)以促进极小入侵性插入且进而使对患者的损伤和对神经根的伤害风险减到最小。
例如附接液压线路和用于传输浆体或液体骨头嫁接材料的线路、装置和液压流体递送附件等植入体的额外细节可参见2006年9月26日申请的第11/535,432号和2007年3月28日申请的第11,692,800号共同待决的申请案,其以引用的方式并入本文中。
将了解,植入体(包括其各种组件)应由生物相容的大致不可压缩的材料形成,所述材料例如为PEEK或钛,且优选地为6-4型钛合金或将允许长期安放于患者体内的其它合适材料。
可个别地控制可延伸部件或活塞的延伸,使得内科医生能够提供校正性植入体表面的受控角度。尽管本文中仅描述两个可延伸部件或活塞,但植入体可具备三个或三个以上可个别延伸的部件,使得内科医生可实行对植入体延伸的三维控制。
尽管已结合目前被视为最实用的内容和某些优选实施例来描述了本发明,但应理解,本发明不限于如上文所陈述的所揭示的实施例和替代方案,而是相反,意在涵盖包括于所附权利要求书的范围内的各种修改和等效布置。
举例来说,尽管本文中所描述的植入体由液压流体来扩张,但可采用其它扩张构件。举例来说,本文中所描述的螺杆机构可用以扩张植入体内的剪式千斤顶以啮合邻近的椎体表面。另外,植入体可具备负载或压力传感器,其记录由患者椎骨端板施加于SEC的啮合表面上的差动压力和压强以例如通过计算机控制产生校正信号,所述校正信号例如由外科医生或由计算机控制的机构用以重新对准患者的脊椎。本发明可进一步包括响应于传感器信号、实时地且持续不断地进行这些调整以使得植入体的形状改变以重新对准患者的脊椎或机构的系统。优选地,预期此类系统用于在安装植入体期间设置活塞的位置。
尽管本文中已说明并描述了本发明的特定形式,但将了解,可对本发明做出各种修改和改进。可在本文中所引用的专利和申请案中找到脊椎植入体装置的额外细节。只要本文中未另外揭示,材料和结构可具有常规设计。
此外,本发明实施例的个别特征可能在一些图中展示而在其它图中未展示,但所属领域的技术人员将认识到,本发明的一个实施例的个别特征可与另一实施例的任何或所有特征组合。因此,不希望本发明限于所说明的特定实施例。因此,希望本发明由所附权利要求书的范围如现有技术将准许那样宽泛地界定。
例如“元件”、“部件”、“组件”、“装置”、“构件”、“部分”、“区段”、“步骤”和类似意思的词等术语当在本文中使用时不应理解为调用35 U.S.C§112(6)的规定,除非所附权利要求书明确地使用跟随有特定功能而不参考特定结构或特定动作的术语“用于……的构件”或“用于……的步骤”。上文所提及的所有专利和所有专利申请案的全文特此以引用的方式并入本文中。

Claims (121)

1.一种用于放置于第一与第二椎体之间的脊椎植入体,其包含:
a.第一部件,其具有用于啮合第一椎体的末端的表面;
b.第二部件,其具有用于啮合第二椎体的末端的表面;
c.至少一个可延伸的支撑元件,其具有用以促进将所述植入体部署于上级与下级椎体之间的收缩配置以及用以使所述第一部件延伸以使得其所述表面啮合所述第一椎体的所述末端的至少一个延伸配置;以及
d.锁定系统,其具有与所述第一部件的所述可延伸的支撑元件以机械方式啮合或互锁以将所述植入体以扩张配置锁定于所述第一与第二椎体之间的锁定元件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的脊椎植入体,其中用于啮合所述第一椎体的末端的所述第一表面包括顶部端板,且用于啮合所述第二椎体的末端的所述第二表面包括基板。
3.根据权利要求2所述的脊椎植入体,其中至少一个顶部端板与所述可延伸的支撑元件协作且耦合到所述可延伸的支撑元件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述可延伸的支撑元件适于通过流体延伸。
5.根据权利要求4所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述流体为不可压缩的流体。
6.根据权利要求1所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述锁定系统包含多个相互啮合的锁定元件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述相互啮合的锁定元件中的一者为锁定致动器,所述锁定致动器经配置以在可扩张的支撑部件扩张之后将所述锁定元件移动到与所述可延伸的支撑元件或第一部件机械啮合或互锁,以便将所述植入体锁定于扩张配置中。
8.根据权利要求1所述的脊椎植入体,其中与所述可扩张部件或所述第一部件以机械方式啮合或互锁的所述锁定元件直接将垂直力施加到所述可扩张部件或所述第一部件以便将所述植入体锁定于所述扩张配置中。
9.根据权利要求6所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述相互啮合的锁定元件中的一者为上部锁支撑部件,且所述相互啮合的锁定元件中的另一者为下部锁支撑部件。
10.根据权利要求9所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述上部锁支撑部件具有多阶式支撑表面,且所述下部锁支撑部件具有多阶式支撑表面,其经配置以啮合所述上部锁支撑部件的所述多阶式支撑表面。
11.根据权利要求10所述的脊椎植入体,其包括锁定致动器,所述锁定致动器经配置以当所述至少一个可延伸部件经延伸时引起所述上部与下部锁支撑部件之间的相对运动,以便通过啮合所述上部锁支撑部件与所述下部锁支撑部件的所述多阶式支撑表面来将所述植入体锁定于延伸配置中。
12.根据权利要求10所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述下部和上部锁支撑部件具有弧形形状。
13.根据权利要求12所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述下部和上部锁支撑部件具有匹配的弧形形状。
14.根据权利要求11所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述锁定致动器为偏置部件,其经配置以将所述锁支撑部件中的一者相对于另一者移动。
15.根据权利要求14所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述偏置部件为位于所述植入体的基座中的沟槽中的弹簧。
16.根据权利要求15所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述弹簧具有前向端,其经配置以当所述植入体经延伸时啮合所述下部锁支撑部件并使之旋转。
17.根据权利要求16所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述沟槽具有弧形形状。
18.根据权利要求2所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述至少一个可延伸部件为啮合所述顶板的活塞。
19.根据权利要求18所述的脊椎植入体,其包括经配置以接纳所述活塞的内部汽缸。
20.根据权利要求19所述的脊椎植入体,其包括用以使所述活塞在所述汽缸内延伸并使所述顶板升高的流体源。
21.根据权利要求2所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述至少一个可延伸部件为啮合于所述顶板与所述基板之间的波纹管。
22.根据权利要求21所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述波纹管局限于在所述第一与第二部件之间界定的圆柱形空间内。
23.根据权利要求22所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述圆柱形空间由所述锁定系统界定。
24.根据权利要求21所述的脊椎植入体,其进一步包含与所述波纹管流通的至少一个流体输入端口。
25.根据权利要求2所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述至少一个可延伸部件包含啮合所述顶板的凸轮。
26.根据权利要求25所述的脊椎植入体,其进一步包含横向延伸穿过所述植入体以使所述凸轮旋转的轴。
27.根据权利要求2所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述至少一个可延伸部件包含啮合所述顶板的带螺纹部件。
28.根据权利要求27所述的脊椎植入体,其进一步包含横向延伸穿过所述植入体以使所述带螺纹部件旋转的轴。
29.根据权利要求28所述的脊椎植入体,其进一步包含所述顶板的界定圆形空间的向下延伸部,其中所述向下延伸部具有包括与所述带螺纹部件配合的螺纹的内壁空间。
30.根据权利要求1所述的脊椎植入体,其包括至少部分含有所述至少一个可延伸的支撑元件和所述锁定系统的外壳。
31.根据权利要求13所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述弧形下部锁支撑部件围绕经配置以接纳活塞的汽缸安置。
32.根据权利要求31所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述弧形上部锁支撑部件围绕所述活塞安置且紧固到所述顶板。
33.根据权利要求13所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述弧形下部锁支撑部件围绕波纹管安置。
34.根据权利要求13所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述弧形下部锁支撑部件围绕凸轮机构安置。
35.根据权利要求13所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述弧形下部锁支撑部件围绕螺杆机构安置。
36.根据权利要求11所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述下部锁支撑部件的所述多阶式支撑表面具有带有锁支撑件止块的上表面,所述锁支撑件止块防止所述弧形下部锁支撑部件的过度旋转。
37.根据权利要求16所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述下部锁支撑部件具有带有锁定致动器传动元件的下表面,所述锁定致动器传动元件经配置以啮合所述弹簧的实现所述下部锁支撑部件的旋转的所述前向端。
38.根据权利要求13所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述下部锁支撑部件安置于所述汽缸内,且所述上部锁支撑部件位于所述活塞内。
39.根据权利要求18所述的脊椎植入体,其包括一对可独立致动的活塞,所述活塞以可旋转方式互连到铰接顶板。
40.根据权利要求13所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述锁支撑部件为圆形的。
41.根据权利要求40所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述圆形锁支撑部件具有多个多阶式支撑表面。
42.根据权利要求9所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述上部和下部锁支撑部件安置于一对活塞与一对汽缸之间。
43.根据权利要求9所述的脊椎植入体,其中一对上部和下部锁支撑部件安置于活塞与汽缸的相对侧上。
44.根据权利要求9所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述上部锁支撑部件紧固到所述可延伸部件。
45.根据权利要求1所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述锁定元件直接将垂直力施加到所述可延伸的支撑元件或所述第一部件。
46.根据权利要求1所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述第一部件的骨头啮合表面包含带有尖锐引导边缘的骨头锚,其经配置以用于锚定到骨头中。
47.根据权利要求46所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合表面包含圆锥形部件。
48.根据权利要求46所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合表面包含长钉。
49.根据权利要求46所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合表面包含刀片。
50.根据权利要求46所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合表面包含带螺纹部件。
51.根据权利要求46所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头锚包括倒钩。
52.根据权利要求1所述的脊椎植入体,其进一步包含:
至少两个所述第一部件;
至少两个所述可延伸的支撑元件,其一者各自支撑所述第一部件中的一者;
至少两个锁定元件,其至少一者各自与每一所述可延伸的支撑元件或第一部件啮合或互锁。
53.根据权利要求52所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述可延伸的支撑部件沿单独的非平行轴线定向起作用。
54.根据权利要求1所述的脊椎植入体,其进一步包含:
至少第二可延伸的支撑部件,其具有用以促进将所述植入体部署于所述第一与第二椎体之间的收缩配置以及用以使所述第二部件延伸以使得其所述表面啮合所述第二椎体的所述末端的至少一个延伸配置;以及
至少两个锁定元件,其至少一者各自与每一所述可延伸的支撑元件啮合或互锁。
55.根据权利要求1所述的脊椎植入体,其进一步包含:
至少一个第三部件,其具有用于啮合所述椎体的骨组织的表面,所述第三部件相对于所述第一和第二部件横向定向;
至少第二可延伸的支撑元件,其具有用以促进将所述植入体部署于所述第一与第二椎体之间的收缩配置以及用以使所述第三部件延伸以使得其所述表面啮合椎体的至少一个延伸配置;以及
至少两个锁定元件,其至少一者各自与每一所述可延伸的支撑元件啮合或互锁。
56.根据权利要求1所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述至少一个可延伸的支撑元件包含接纳于基座汽缸内的至少两个伸缩部件。
57.一种用于放置于邻近椎体之间的脊椎植入体,其包含:
a.顶部端板,其用于啮合第一邻近椎体的末端;
b.底部端板,其用于啮合第二邻近椎体的末端;
c.至少一个可延伸的活塞部件,其具有用以促进将所述植入体部署于所述第一与第二椎体之间的位于所述植入体内的收缩配置以及用以使所述顶部端板延伸为与所述第一邻近椎体的所述末端啮合的延伸配置;
d.上部锁支撑部件,其具有多阶式支撑表面;
e.下部锁支撑部件,其具有多阶式支撑表面,所述多阶式支撑表面经配置以啮合所述上部锁支撑部件的所述多阶式支撑表面;以及
f.锁定致动器,其当所述至少一个可延伸部件经延伸时引起所述上部与下部锁支撑部件之间的相对运动,以便通过啮合所述上部锁支撑部件与所述下部锁支撑部件的所述多阶式支撑表面来将所述植入体锁定于扩张配置中。
58.根据权利要求57所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述上部和下部锁支撑部件具有促进其阶式支撑表面啮合的匹配形状。
59.根据权利要求58所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述上部和下部锁支撑部件具有匹配的弧形形状。
60.根据权利要求57所述的脊椎植入体,其中弹簧锁定致动器经提供以当所述至少一个可延伸部件经延伸时使所述下部锁支撑部件朝向所述上部锁支撑件移动。
61.根据权利要求57所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述第一部件的骨头啮合表面包含带有尖锐引导边缘的骨头锚,其经配置以用于锚定到骨头中。
62.根据权利要求61所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头锚包括倒钩。
63.一种具有可选择性致动的锁定骨头啮合表面的脊椎植入体,其包含:
外壳,其界定至少两个横向间隔的开口;
延伸机构,其安置于每一所述开口中,每一所述机构包括部件,其具有可从所述外壳内的收缩位置移动到所述外壳外的延伸位置的外端;
骨头啮合表面,其经安置以与每一部件外端协作;以及
锁定机构,其与所述延伸机构协作以将所述骨头啮合表面锁定于所述延伸位置中。
64.根据权利要求63所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合表面包含骨头啮合锚,其具有经配置以在所述延伸机构的力下刺穿骨组织的锋利引导边缘。
65.根据权利要求64所述的脊椎植入体,其中骨头啮合锚可从所述植入体的一个以上侧面延伸。
66.根据权利要求64所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合锚包含圆锥形部件、长钉、刀片或角锥中的至少一者。
67.根据权利要求66所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合锚进一步包含至少一个倒钩。
68.根据权利要求64所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述横向间隔的开口形成于非平行中心轴线的周围。
69.根据权利要求68所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述开口形成为中心轴线彼此成大致直角。
70.根据权利要求63所述的脊椎植入体,其中:
由所述外壳界定的所述开口为圆形的且具有圆柱形外壁;且
所述锁定机构以可滑动方式沿所述圆柱形外壁安置。
71.根据权利要求70所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述锁定机构包含:
第一上部弧形部件,其具有抵靠着所述骨头啮合表面支承的阶式啮合表面;
第二下部弧形部件,其具有与所述第一上部弧形部件的所述阶式啮合表面相对且啮合的阶式啮合表面;以及
偏置元件,其使所述第一和第二弧形部件啮合表面在接触方向上偏置。
72.根据权利要求71所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述第一上部弧形部件固定到所述骨头啮合表面。
73.根据权利要求72所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述延伸机构包含流体致动式波纹管。
74.根据权利要求72所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述延伸机构包含凸轮。
75.根据权利要求74所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述延伸机构进一步包含横向延伸穿过所述外壳以使所述凸轮旋转的轴。
76.根据权利要求75所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述轴包括经配置以供外部工具啮合和旋转的外端。
77.根据权利要求72所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述延伸机构包含带螺纹部件。
78.根据权利要求77所述的脊椎植入体,其中:
所述骨头啮合表面具有向下指向壁,其接纳于所述开口中且界定内部带螺纹表面;且
所述带螺纹部件与所述内部带螺纹表面配合。
79.根据权利要求78所述的植入体,其中所述延伸机构进一步包含横向延伸穿过所述外壳以使所述带螺纹部件旋转的轴。
80.根据权利要求79所述的植入体,其进一步包含蜗轮,所述蜗轮安置于所述轴上且协作性地啮合安置于每一所述带螺纹部件周围的传动齿轮。
81.根据权利要求80所述的植入体,其进一步包含单独的蜗轮,所述蜗轮各自与一个所述带螺纹部件协作。
82.根据权利要求72所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述延伸部包含可在由所述外壳界定的汽缸中移动的流体致动式活塞。
83.根据权利要求63所述的脊椎植入体,其中:
所述开口为圆形的;
所述延伸机构包含安置于每一所述圆形开口中的液压活塞;
所述外壳在每一圆形开口内界定汽缸壁,所述汽缸壁与所述外壳间隔开以在其之间提供环形空间;且
所述锁定机构以可滑动方式安置于所述环形空间中。
84.根据权利要求83所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述第一上部弧形部件通过在所述汽缸壁上方延伸的链接部件固定到所述骨头啮合表面。
85.根据权利要求84所述的脊椎植入体,其中:
所述骨头啮合锚包含在其周围具有骨头切割螺纹的螺杆部件;
所述第一上部弧形部件具有安置于其外表面上的螺纹;且
所述外壳中的所述圆形开口由内壁界定,所述内壁至少部分具有安置于其上且与所述第一上部弧形部件上的所述螺纹配合的螺纹,以使得所述活塞响应于所述汽缸中的液压压力的向外移动,致使所述骨头啮合锚在其向外延伸时旋转。
86.根据权利要求63所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述液压活塞为第一活塞,且所述植入体进一步包含安置于所述第一活塞与所述外壳之间的中间活塞,所述中间活塞还界定在其中接纳所述第一活塞的中间汽缸。
87.根据权利要求86所述的脊椎植入体,其中:
所述外壳在每一圆形开口内界定汽缸壁,所述汽缸壁与所述外壳间隔开以在其之间提供环形空间;
所述中间活塞接纳于由所述汽缸壁界定的基座汽缸内;且
至少一个锁定部件以可滑动方式安置于所述环形空间中。
88.根据权利要求87所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述锁定机构包含:
具有阶式啮合表面的上部弧形部件,其紧固到所述第一活塞且经配置并定尺寸以接纳于所述环形空间中;
具有阶式啮合表面的下部弧形部件,其以可滑动方式安置于所述环形空间中;
具有上部和下部面向的阶式啮合表面的中间弧形部件,其紧固到所述中间活塞且经配置并定尺寸以接纳于所述环形空间中,其中所述上部啮合表面与所述上部弧形部件啮合表面相对并啮合,且所述下部啮合表面与所述下部弧形部件啮合表面相对并啮合;以及
偏置元件,其对所述下部弧形部件起作用以致使所述阶式啮合表面啮合。
89.根据权利要求88所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合表面包含骨头啮合锚,其具有经配置以在所述活塞的力下刺穿骨组织的锋利引导边缘。
90.一种具有可液压致动的锁定骨头锚的脊椎植入体,其包含:
植入体外壳,其界定具有内壁表面的圆柱形开口;
汽缸壁,其界定安置于所述开口内的汽缸,所述汽缸壁与所述开口的所述内壁表面间隔开以在其之间形成环形空间;
液压活塞,其安置于所述圆形开口内且接纳于所述汽缸内,所述活塞具有可从收缩位置移动到延伸位置的外端;
骨头啮合锚,其包括安置于所述活塞外端中心且从其向外延伸的具有骨头切割螺纹的螺杆部件,所述锚可与所述外端一起从所述外壳内的收缩位置移动到所述外壳外的延伸位置;
内壁螺纹,其安置于所述内壁表面的至少一部分上;
活塞凸缘,其从所述活塞外端延伸、越过所述汽缸壁且进入所述环形空间中;以及
凸缘螺纹,其安置于所述活塞凸缘的外表面上且与所述内壁螺纹协作以响应于所述活塞在所述汽缸中的线性移动使所述骨头啮合锚旋转。
91.根据权利要求90所述的脊椎植入体,其进一步包含用于将所述骨头啮合锚锁定于所述延伸位置中的锁定机构。
92.根据权利要求91所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述锁定机构包含:
第一向下面向的阶式啮合表面,其形成于所述活塞凸缘上;
弧形部件,其具有与所述第一阶式啮合表面相对且啮合的第二向上面向的阶式啮合表面;以及
偏置元件,其对所述弧形部件起作用且使所述第一和第二阶式啮合表面在接触方向上偏置。
93.一种具有可液压致动的锁定骨头啮合表面的脊椎植入体,其包含:
外壳,其界定至少一个横向间隔的圆形开口且具有在所述至少一个圆形开口内界定基座汽缸的汽缸壁,所述汽缸壁与所述外壳间隔开以在所述汽缸壁与外壳之间提供环形空间;
第一液压活塞,其安置于所述至少一个开口中,每一所述第一活塞具有可从所述外壳内的收缩位置移动到所述外壳外的延伸位置的外端;
中间活塞,其安置于所述第一活塞与所述外壳之间,每一中间活塞接纳于所述基座汽缸内,且还界定在其中接纳所述第一活塞的中间汽缸;
骨头啮合表面,其安置于所述第一活塞外端处;以及
锁定机构,其与所述活塞协作以将所述活塞锁定于所述延伸位置中,所述锁定机构包括以可滑动方式安置于所述环形空间中的至少一个锁定部件。
94.根据权利要求93所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述锁定机构包含:
具有阶式啮合表面的上部弧形部件,其紧固到所述第一活塞且经配置并定尺寸以接纳于所述环形空间中;
具有阶式啮合表面的下部弧形部件,其以可滑动方式安置于所述环形空间中;
具有上部和下部面向的阶式啮合表面的中间弧形部件,其紧固到所述中间活塞且经配置并定尺寸以接纳于所述环形空间中,其中所述上部啮合表面与所述上部弧形部件啮合表面相对并啮合,且所述下部啮合表面与所述下部弧形部件啮合表面相对并啮合;以及
偏置元件,其在所述下部弧形部件上起偏置作用以致使所述阶式啮合表面啮合。
95.根据权利要求93所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合表面包含骨头啮合锚,其具有经配置以在所述活塞的力下刺穿骨组织的锋利引导边缘。
96.根据权利要求93所述的脊椎植入体,其进一步包含在其中安置有第一活塞和中间活塞的至少两个所述圆形开口。
97.一种具有可选择性致动的锁定骨头啮合表面的脊椎植入体,其包含:
外壳,其界定至少两个横向间隔的开口;
具有凸轮表面的凸轮,其安置于每一所述开口中,每一凸轮可从所述外壳内的收缩位置旋转到所述凸轮表面的一部分位于所述外壳外的延伸位置;
骨头啮合部件,其经安置以与凸轮表面协作;以及
锁定机构,其与所述凸轮机构协作以将所述骨头啮合部件锁定于所述延伸位置中。
98.根据权利要求97所述的脊椎植入体,其中:
由所述外壳界定的所述开口为圆形的且具有圆柱形外壁;且
所述锁定机构包括以可滑动方式沿所述圆柱形外壁安置的弧形部件。
99.根据权利要求97所述的脊椎植入体,其进一步包含横向延伸穿过所述外壳且与所述凸轮部件协作以使其旋转的轴。
100.根据权利要求98所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述锁定机构包含:
第一上部弧形部件,其具有与所述骨头啮合部件支承紧固的阶式啮合表面;
第二下部弧形部件,其可沿所述汽缸外壁滑动且具有与所述第一上部弧形部件的所述阶式啮合表面相对且啮合的阶式啮合表面;以及
偏置元件,其使所述第一和第二弧形部件啮合表面在接触方向上偏置。
101.根据权利要求100所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述第一上部弧形部件为所述骨头啮合部件的一部分。
102.根据权利要求97所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合部件包含骨头啮合锚,其具有经配置以刺穿骨组织的锋利引导边缘。
103.根据权利要求102所述的脊椎植入体,其中骨头啮合锚可从所述植入体的一个以上侧面延伸。
104.根据权利要求102所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合锚包含圆锥形部件、长钉、刀片或角锥中的至少一者。
105.根据权利要求104所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合锚进一步包含至少一个倒钩。
106.一种具有可选择性致动的锁定骨头啮合表面的脊椎植入体,其包含:
外壳,其界定具有圆柱形外壁的至少两个横向间隔的圆形开口;
带螺纹部件,其以可旋转方式安置于每一所述开口中;
骨头啮合部件,其具有接纳于所述圆形开口中的向下指向壁,所述壁界定与每一带螺纹部件啮合的内部带螺纹表面;以及
锁定机构,其与所述带螺纹部件协作以将所述骨头啮合部件锁定于所述延伸位置中,所述锁定机构包括以可滑动方式沿所述圆柱形外壁安置的弧形部件。
107.根据权利要求106所述的植入体,其进一步包含:
轴,其横向延伸穿过所述外壳;
第一和第二蜗轮,其安置于所述轴上位于所述圆形开口内;以及
传动齿轮,其安置于每一所述带螺纹部件周围且与所述蜗轮啮合。
108.根据权利要求107所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述锁定机构包含:
第一上部弧形部件,其具有与所述骨头啮合部件支承紧固的阶式啮合表面;
第二下部弧形部件,其可沿所述汽缸外壁滑动且具有与所述第一上部弧形部件的所述阶式啮合表面相对且啮合的阶式啮合表面;以及
偏置元件,其使所述第一和第二弧形部件啮合表面在接触方向上偏置。
109.根据权利要求108所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述第一上部弧形部件为所述骨头啮合部件的一部分。
110.根据权利要求109所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合部件包含骨头啮合锚,其具有经配置以刺穿骨组织的锋利引导边缘。
111.根据权利要求110所述的脊椎植入体,其中骨头啮合锚可从所述植入体的一个以上侧面延伸。
112.根据权利要求110所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合锚包含圆锥形部件、长钉、刀片或角锥中的至少一者。
113.根据权利要求112所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合锚进一步包含至少一个倒钩。
114.一种具有可选择性致动的锁定骨头啮合表面的脊椎植入体,其包含:
外壳,其界定至少两个横向间隔的开口;
可流体扩张的波纹管,其安置于每一所述开口中,每一所述波纹管包括可从所述外壳内的收缩位置移动到所述外壳外的延伸位置的外端;
骨头啮合部件,其经安置以与每一所述波纹管外端协作;以及
锁定机构,其与所述波纹管协作以将所述骨头啮合表面锁定于所述延伸位置中。
115.根据权利要求114所述的脊椎植入体,其中:
由所述外壳界定的所述开口为圆形的且具有圆柱形外壁;且
所述锁定机构包括以可滑动方式沿所述圆柱形外壁安置的弧形部件。
116.根据权利要求114所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述锁定机构包含:
第一上部弧形部件,其具有与所述骨头啮合部件支承紧固的阶式啮合表面;
第二下部弧形部件,其可沿所述汽缸外壁滑动且具有与所述第一上部弧形部件的所述阶式啮合表面相对且啮合的阶式啮合表面;以及
偏置元件,其使所述第一和第二弧形部件啮合表面在接触方向上偏置。
117.根据权利要求115所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述第一上部弧形部件为所述骨头啮合部件的一部分。
118.根据权利要求114所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合部件包含骨头啮合锚,其具有经配置以刺穿骨组织的锋利引导边缘。
119.根据权利要求118所述的脊椎植入体,其中骨头啮合锚可从所述植入体的一个以上侧面延伸。
120.根据权利要求118所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合锚包含圆锥形部件、长钉、刀片或角锥中的至少一者。
121.根据权利要求120所述的脊椎植入体,其中所述骨头啮合锚进一步包含至少一个倒钩。
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