Background technology
Nostoc (Nostoc sphaeroids Kutz); It is a kind of fresh water algae plant; It is a kind of many cells filamentous cyanobacteria; Belong to Cyanophyta (Cyanophyta), Cyanophyceae (Cyanophyceae) together with Nostoc commune (Nostoc commune), deliver vegetables (Nostoc flagelliforme); Section is grown Cutleriales (Hormogonales); Nostocaceae (Nostocaceae) plant, formal name used at school is for intending ball beads algae (kind).Beauty's rice is also claimed on another name ground, day rosetangle, " water Auricularia " or " field Auricularia ".The green grain circle of its color, exquisitely carved, profile is quite like Margarita, so have another name called Herba Lysimachiae Clethroids (Radix Seu Herba Lysimachiae Clethroidis).The very thin algal filament of the not branched diameter number that this algae is linked to be by elliptical erythrocyte micron is entwined.All algal filaments all are embedded in the thick close colloid of gathering the polysaccharide composition, and form spherical colony not of uniform size.In natural environment, Nostoc is common on the small stream stone of river or in the rice terrace, is blackish green spherical, and it is extremely tight to growing environment and conditional request, and worldwide distributed pole is narrow.
Nostoc mainly contains (1) protein and fatty acid: contain 18 seed amino acids; In eight seed amino acids of needed by human; It contains seven kinds; Especially the content of lysine and threonine is higher, and kind is more complete, and is rational in infrastructure; Meet the mode standard that the FAO/WHO Committee of Experts was recommended in 1973 fully; The dry gross protein is up to about 56%, and it is again a kind of low-fat content food simultaneously, and crude fat content only is 8.11%; With middle carbochain is main; Contain unsaturated fatty acid, can reduce the synthetic of body's cholesterol, to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease; Research shows; Lauric acid in the medium-chain fatty acid; Tridecanoic acid; Myristic acids etc. all have active anticancer in various degree, and to blood pressure lowering, blood fat reducing content has special effect; Simultaneously; Also can be used as overweight people and glycosuria patient's meals,, prevent constipation to help digestion.
(2) vitamin: Nostoc is rich in multivitamin; Carotenoid and phycobilin; And contain chlorophyll 30.98mg/g, and ascorbic acid, Vitamin C content is high; Higher more than 5 times than Fructus Crataegi; Higher 15 times than mandarin orange, containing abundant vitamin B group is big characteristics of Nostoc, and vitamin B1, B2 are higher than general Homonemeae; The vitamin E that it is abundant makes Nostoc have aging resistance, antioxidation and anticancer function.Vitamin A content is high especially, and every hectogram contains 387 ius, finds for a long time that in history Nostoc is evident in efficacy to ophthalmics such as nyctalopia, conjunctival congestion swelling, and reason promptly is this.
(3) trace element: Nostoc contains the important element of needed by human such as calcium, potassium, ferrum, zinc, strontium, and its calcium content is higher than general plant, is a kind of fabulous natural rich calcium nutraceutical.
(4) polysaccharide: the Nostoc polyoses content is abundant, and up to 20%, it is abundant gathers polysaccharose substance, and is rare for institute in the plant kingdom, in the plant of report at present, ranks first.
Nostoc has a large amount of historical data to be card as dish and Chinese medicine: beam is for TAO Hong-Jing work " Mingyi Bielu "; Thereafter Compendium of Material Medica, " property of medicine is examined ", " national Chinese herbal medicine compilation " etc.; The effect of summing up Nostoc is: QI invigorating makes eye bright; Made us son; Analgesic relieving inflammation or internal heat, sharp the intestines and stomach, phlegm-fire can be treated; For a long time clothes are prolonged life, and allaying tiredness, restrain, control nyctalopia.The yellow front yard of Song dynasty mountain valley Taoist heavily fortified point writes in " green dish money " poem, is described as delicacy from mountain; Ming Dynasty Wang Xin enrolls " wild herbs spectrum ", back income " agricultural administration book "; The record of Qing Dynasty supplementary Amplifications of the Compendium of Materia Medica that ZHAO Xue-Min is write: " Nostoc is given birth in the Yan Xishan cave, the province of the Yuan Dynasty on the stone, meets heavy rain and washes the cave mouth open; this rice goes out with stream, and natives pull out, when just getting such as little bright Auricularia; be purple green, mixes it with vinegar, and delicious and crisp is edible; the time think thick soup; emerald green lovely just like blue or green spiral shell, the extremely sweet aquatic foods of distinguish the flavor of; sliding crisp and refreshing mouth are gone into vegetables and are advisable; With water logging it, with meat with boiling, make the Auricularia flavor." " Hefeng was the state originally " record: " and Nostoc, produce apart from Zhoucheng (Hefeng was the state originally) over one hundred in, in the paddy field, all living everywhere outside the Pass the big rock.”
Nostoc is as cuisines during the feast, and its color is dark green lovely, its pure and fresh sweet aquatic foods of distinguishing the flavor of, and vegetal pole horn of plenty not only, but also have the more efficient food therapy value, the Nostoc nature and flavor are sweet, light, cold, and the clearing away heat to improve acuity of vision effect is arranged, and can control conjunctival congestion redness, nyctalopia, scald.Certificate " property of medicine is examined ": " (Nostoc) is clear refreshing analgesic, and phlegm-fire can be treated, and clothes are prolonged life for a long time." " national Chinese herbal medicine compilation " record: Nostoc is cold in nature, lightly seasoned, can heat clearing away, convergence, QI invigorating, make eye bright and can treat nyctalopia, proctoptosis and external and can treat diseases such as burn, scald.
The specific embodiment
The following examples can illustrate in greater detail the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form.
Embodiment: the cultivation of (1), Nostoc: taking by weighing the Nostoc seed of diameter 2mm, put into the Photoreactor that is added with the BG-110 culture fluid, is light source with daylight lamp and LED, and total intensity of illumination is 4000lx, and wherein the light intensity of LED and daylight lamp is 2000lx; Illumination every day 16 hours charges into air 24 hours every days, 24 ℃ of cultivation temperature.Matched group does not add led light source, only with daylight lamp as light source, total intensity of illumination also is 4000lx.Continuous culture was changed one time of nutrition liquid in 10 days.After 40-50 days, the Nostoc diameter reaches more than the 5mm, stops to cultivate.The results Nostoc, elimination moisture.(2), the dry matter content of Nostoc: get the bright article of 10g Nostoc and insert in the air dry oven, under 65 ℃, be dried to constant weight, triplicate.Calculate water content, the Nostoc spheroid water content of using present technique (is light source with daylight lamp and LED) acquisition is 96.2 ± 0.53%, and dry matter content is 3.8%; And matched group (not adding led light source) Nostoc spheroid water content is up to 98.5 ± 1.66%, dry matter content only 1.5%.(3), the high light of Nostoc fades: get A, B, three samples of C, each sample Nostoc fresh weight 500g adds water 1000ml; Be heated to boiling 10 minutes, cooling was shone 48 hours down in 20000lx high light or the strong blue light of 8000lx; Blackish green Nostoc becomes colourless spheroid, and elimination moisture is subsequent use.(4), Nostoc nourishing and moisturizing extract:, add water 1000ml, heated and boiled, reflux, extract, 1 hour, sucking filtration with the homogenate 5 minutes in homogenizer of the colourless Nostoc spheroid after the high light fade treatment.Filtering residue adds water 1500ml, heated and boiled, reflux, extract, 1 hour, sucking filtration; Repeat said process more once.(5), merging filtrate, be concentrated into 500ml, add 5% trichloroacetic acid, stir, leave standstill under 4 ℃, separate out protein precipitation, remove by filter protein; This handles triplicate.(6), the extracting solution concentrating under reduced pressure that removes behind the albumen becomes paste, and paste is poured in the enamel basin, insert in the drying baker and under 65 ℃, be dried to water content below 7%.Dry thing pulverize Nostoc nourishing and moisturizing extract finished product, the A sample gets finished product 8.68g, the B sample gets finished product 9.15g, the C sample gets finished product 8.03g.
One, Nostoc nourishing and moisturizing extract is detected, assay is seen table 1:
Table 1 Nostoc nourishing and moisturizing extract component content
Title |
A appearance |
B appearance |
C appearance |
Meansigma methods |
Total polysaccharides (%) |
39.78 |
38.80 |
40.02 |
39.53 |
Crude fat (%) |
7.69 |
6.97 |
7.35 |
7.34 |
Total protein (%) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Phosphorus P (%) |
1.08 |
0.98 |
0.95 |
1.00 |
Potassium K (%) |
0.94 |
0.88 |
0.95 |
0.92 |
Sodium Na (%) |
0.42 |
0.36 |
0.40 |
0.39 |
Calcium Ca (%) |
3.14 |
2.80 |
3.09 |
3.01 |
Magnesium Mg (%) |
1.02 |
0.97 |
1.04 |
1.01 |
Ferrum Fe (%) |
0.92 |
0.74 |
0.87 |
0.84 |
Zinc Zn (%) |
5.45 |
2.88 |
3.38 |
3.90 |
Selenium Se (ppm) |
0.24 |
0.20 |
0.20 |
0.21 |
Chromium Cr (ppm) |
1.17 |
0.75 |
0.92 |
0.95 |
Two, the extraction of Nostoc polysaccharide contrast
Get bright each 500g of article of matched group Nostoc that LED handles the bright article of Nostoc and do not adopt LED illumination respectively, homogenate is 5 minutes in homogenizer, adds water 1000ml, heated and boiled, reflux, extract, 1 hour, sucking filtration.Filtering residue adds water 1500ml, heated and boiled, reflux, extract, 1 hour, sucking filtration.Repeat said process more once.
Merging filtrate is concentrated into 1000ml, adds 5% trichloroacetic acid, stirs, and leaves standstill under 4 ℃, separates out protein precipitation, removes by filter protein; This handles triplicate.
Add the concentration of ethanol to 75%, separate out white polysaccharide precipitation; Centrifugal, abandoning supernatant; Add water again, and the heating for dissolving deposition, filter.Filtrating adds 5% active carbon, and ebuillition of heated 5 minutes removes by filter active carbon, gets water white transparency filtrating.Add the concentration of ethanol to 75% again, separate out polysaccharide precipitation, centrifugal, abandoning supernatant.Taking out polysaccharide dries to constant weight in 65 ℃ of air dry ovens.Get LED and handle polysaccharide sample 3.83g, control samples polysaccharide 1.45g.Measure polyoses content with the phenol sulfuric acid process, purity is respectively 94.63% and 96.12%.
Three, the performance of keeping humidity of Nostoc nourishing and moisturizing extract
The present invention estimates the moisture absorption/performance of keeping humidity of Nostoc nourishing and moisturizing extract with following method:
Accurately take by weighing Nostoc nourishing and moisturizing extract 0.2500g with weighing botle, insert the bottom and fill in the crisper of 100ml water, cover seal cover, ambient temperature is 25-28oC; (moisture absorption 8h, 12h, 24h) weighs behind different time, calculates hydroscopicity respectively by following formula: the weight before hydroscopicity (%)=100 * (weight before the weight-moisture absorption after the moisture absorption)/moisture absorption.
Then the Nostoc nourishing and moisturizing extract after the moisture absorption is changed in the sealing crisper that is placed with dry silica gel; Take out behind capable and experienced dry processing 8h, 12h, the 24h and weigh; Weight difference according to before and after dry calculates the rate of preserving moisture by following formula: the rate of preserving moisture (%)=100 (weight-dry weight after the dehydration)/(weight-dry weight before the dehydration)
Experimental result sees the following form:
The hydroscopicity of table 2 Nostoc nourishing and moisturizing extract and the rate experimental result of preserving moisture
Can know that from table 2 though the content of polysaccharide is less than half of polysaccharide sample in the Nostoc nourishing and moisturizing extract, its moistening effect only slightly descends than holosaccharide.The water absorption rate of the Nostoc polysaccharide of Nostoc nourishing and moisturizing extract and two kinds of method acquisitions is all very high with the rate of preserving moisture.
Four, use the product of the extract of preserving moisture
Nostoc moisture saver mask preparation: A phase: Arlacel-60 0.82%, hexadecanol 1.68%, vaseline 0.68%, dimethicone 2.03%, squalane 2.33%, NPGC-2 0.84%, elastic silica gel 0.17%.B phase: Tween-60 1.26%; 1,3 butylene glycol 1.68%, glycerol 12.76%; Acritamer 940 0.43%; Nostoc sphaeroids kutz extractive 10.32%; Nertralizer: TEA 0.43%; Deionized water 64.10%.C phase: extremely U.S. II 0.30%; Essence 0.10%.
Preparation technology is following: (1) adds container A successively with each component of A phase, is heated to 75 ℃, stirs; (2) each component of B phase is added container B successively, be heated to 75 ℃, stir; (3) while hot the solution of step 1 is poured in the solution of step 2 into 5000rpm homogenizing 3 minutes; (4) when temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, add the C phase, stir; (5) naturally cool to room temperature, cold preservation is subsequent use.
The preserve moisture preparation of essence of Nostoc: A phase: Montanov 68 2.05%, dimethicone 0.68%, squalane 6.5%, vitamin E 0.68%, TT 0.05%.B phase: glycerol 6.85%, 1,3 butylene glycol 4.56%, HANSHENGJIAO 0.27%, EDTA-Na2 0.04%, S-165 2.05%, nostoc sphaeroids kutz extractive 19.67%, allantoin 0.10%, deionized water 55.26%.C phase: Geogard Ultra 1.14%.D phase: essence: DHT-4080 0.10%.
Preparation technology is following: (1) is got C and is dissolved in mutually in the B phase water, and the slight fever stirring and dissolving is (speed is slow slightly) evenly, and is subsequent use; (2) with A mutually each component add in container A, heating is stirred to whole dissolvings, control temperature to 75 ℃; (3) each component that dewaters the impregnating fluid of step 1 and B outer mutually adds in container B, and heating is stirred to whole dissolvings, control temperature to 75 ℃; (4) under constantly stirring, the solution with step 2 slowly adds in the mixed liquor of step 3 while hot, and homogenizing stirred 2-3 minute fast, made into emulsion; (5) add D phase essence, stir; (6) naturally cool to room temperature, cold preservation is subsequent use.