CN102300742B - 被驱动的汽车轴 - Google Patents

被驱动的汽车轴 Download PDF

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CN102300742B
CN102300742B CN2009801554721A CN200980155472A CN102300742B CN 102300742 B CN102300742 B CN 102300742B CN 2009801554721 A CN2009801554721 A CN 2009801554721A CN 200980155472 A CN200980155472 A CN 200980155472A CN 102300742 B CN102300742 B CN 102300742B
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eddy
motor
brake
automobile shafts
current brake
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CN102300742A (zh
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马库斯.克洛普齐格
海因兹-沃纳.纽米勒
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Siemens AG
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/28—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged apart from the brake
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0092—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being coaxial to the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/44—Wheel Hub motors, i.e. integrated in the wheel hub
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种被驱动的汽车轴，该汽车轴与内燃机和/或至少一个可根据选择作为发动机或发电机运行的电机耦连或可耦连，并具有制动装置，该制动装置具有涡流制动器(10)。

Description

被驱动的汽车轴
技术领域
本发明涉及一种被驱动的汽车轴，该汽车轴与内燃机和/或至少一个可根据选择作为发动机或发电机运行的电机耦连或可耦连，并且具有制动装置。
背景技术
这种被驱动的汽车轴被应用在混合动力汽车或纯电动汽车上。混合动力汽车是指由至少一个电机和至少一个其它发动机驱动的汽车。当前，混合动力汽车主要具有内燃机和电机。
混合电动汽车也称为混合动力汽车，其可以不同地配置。通常分为带有串联式混合驱动器、并联式混合驱动器的混合动力汽车和带有功率分流装置的汽车。在串联式混合驱动器中，内燃机驱动发电机发电，以便为电蓄能器充电或者直接驱动电机。在并联式混合动力驱动器中，混合动力汽车既通过内燃机也通过电机驱动，因此，内燃机和电机可以设计得较小。带有功率分流装置的混合动力驱动器组合了串联的混合动力驱动器和并联式的混合动力驱动器的特性。在行驶过程中可以根据行驶状态或者是内燃机和发电机仅为电蓄能器充电并且驱动电机，或者可选地驱动汽车轴。通过离合器可以在各个运行状态之间切换。
在带有混合动力驱动器的传统汽车中使用传统的制动装置，通常是液压制动设备，这种制动设备较复杂并且具有高的结构空间需求，并且要求经常维护。尽管电机也可以在发电运行中产生一定的制动效果，但是这种制动效果在较高的速度时是不足够的，因此必须额外设置传统的制动装置，该制动装置例如可以实现为液压的盘式制动器。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种被驱动的汽车轴，其制动装置结构简单并因此廉价。
为解决该技术问题，按照本发明在开头所述类型的、被驱动的汽车轴中规定，制动装置具有涡流制动器。
在涡流制动器中利用在磁场中旋转的部件的涡流损失来制动。因此，按本发明的被驱动的汽车轴可以借助于涡流制动器制动，由此将动能转化为热。被驱动的汽车轴通过这种方式一方面可以在发电机运行时通过电机的制动效果制动，以及额外也在较高的速度时通过涡流制动器制动，而不需要额外的单独制动器，例如液压的盘式制动器。这种涡流制动器比液压的制动装置更廉价并且仅需要小的安装空间。
在按本发明的、被驱动的汽车轴中可以设计为，所述汽车轴具有两个电机和两个涡流制动器，其中，分别一个电机和一个涡流制动器设计用于驱动车轮。在这种设计构造中可以省略差动器。
然而可选地，在按本发明的汽车轴中也可考虑的是，该汽车轴设计用于驱动两个车轮并且具有差动变速器。
按照按本发明的汽车轴的一种扩展设计可以设计为，在电机或每个电机和由汽车轴驱动的车轮之间设置变速器。因此获得了这样的优点，即，提高了电机的转速并且减小了转矩，因此能够减小电机的结构大小。可以这样设计所述变速器，使得电机能够在最佳的运行范围内运行。
也可能的是，在按本发明的汽车轴中在电机和涡流制动器之间设置变速器。通过该变速器可以优化并增大涡流制动器的制动效果，因为制动效果与磁场的频率有关并且由转速和极对的数量确定。
优选可以在按本发明的、被驱动的汽车轴中借助于离合器连接或断开至少一个涡流制动器。借助于离合器可以在混合电动汽车的各个运行状态之间切换，这尤其在带有功率分流装置的混合动力汽车中是重要的。
如果可借助于控制装置调节涡流制动器的制动效果，则可以在按本发明的、被驱动的汽车轴中获得更好的制动效果。通过这种方式可以这样控制涡流制动器，使得在一定的车轮转速范围内能够实现几乎恒定的、汽车乘客感觉舒适的减速度。这样调节制动效果，使得不超过车轮的静摩擦，其限定最大的制动效果。
为调节涡流制动器，可以在按本发明的汽车轴中设计为，涡流制动器具有固定部段和可相对固定部段运动的可动部段，其中，可通过可动部段的移动调节制动效果。因此，可以根据运行状态无级地调节涡流制动器的制动效果。
在本发明的另一种设计构造中，按本发明的汽车轴的制动装置具有驻车制动器。驻车制动器是必须的，因为涡流制动器在汽车停止时没有作用。
本发明还涉及一种混合动力或者电动汽车。按本发明的混合动力或者电动汽车具有至少一个所述类型的汽车轴。
按照按本发明的混合动力或者电动汽车的一种扩展设计方案，可以设计为，其具有加热装置，该加热装置设计用于吸收由至少一个电机和/或至少一个涡流制动器发出的热量。在制动过程中产生的摩擦热可以用于调节混合动力或电动汽车内部空间的温度，因此能够省略为调节温度而通过电流产生热量。
在此特别优选的是，按本发明的混合动力或电动汽车的加热装置具有蓄热器。在该蓄热器中可以吸收并聚集在制动过程中产生的热量，以便在需要时再次释放出热量用于调节内部空间的温度。
附图说明
以下根据实施例参照附图说明本发明其它的优点和细节。图1是示意图并且示出了应用在混合动力汽车中的、按本发明的汽车轴的主要部件。
具体实施方式
汽车1对称地构造并且在其端部分别具有一个车轮2，所述车轮可以借助于电机3驱动。为控制和调节电机3设置控制装置(控制器)4，该控制装置一方面与电机3连接，另一方面与电接头5连接。电机3具有冷却接头6，该冷却接头通过热交换器与示意示出的蓄热器7连接，因此电机3能够被冷却，而蓄热器7被加热。蓄热器7可以用于调节混合动力汽车的内部空间的温度。
在车轮2和电机3之间设置有变速器8，通过该变速器能提高电机3的转速并且减小转矩。这样设计变速器8，使得电机3在最佳的转速范围内运行。
在电机3的对置侧设置有变速器9，该变速器将电机3与涡流制动器10连接。涡流制动器10包括可转动的可动部段11和固定部段12，该固定部段可通过促动器13运动。在所示的实施例中，促动器13设计为变速电机，该变速电机使得固定部段12直线移动。该固定部段12可以在所示的实施例中在轴1的轴向运动。然而也可以有其它设计构造，其中促动器13能够使固定部段12径向移动，以便调节涡流制动器10的制动效果。也可以设置多个固定部段12，所述固定部段的移动机械耦连或者可分别借助于单独的促动器运动。促动器13通过电接头14与在附图中没有示出的控制装置连接。
如图所示，相对置的车轮同样与电机和涡流制动器耦连，汽车轴是对称构造的。
如果混合动力汽车的驾驶员触发制动过程，则电机3一方面起制动作用，同时可以通过促动器13减小涡流制动器10的可转动的可动部段11和固定部段12之间的间距，使得涡流制动器10作为附加的制动器。因此存在集成的电磁制动装置，通过该装置可以替代传统的液压盘式制动器。通过变速器8，9的设计可以优化电机3和涡流制动器10的结构大小。在运行过程中可以通过调节涡流制动器10使其制动效果精确地与相应的运行状态协调。在再生(补救)制动时可以去激活涡流制动器10，使得电机3作为发电机运行并且将动能转化为电能，该电能可以存储在蓄电池中。然而，如果要求较强的制动效果，例如在驾驶员触发紧急制动时，通过促动器13的调节过程额外激活涡流制动器10，使得涡流制动器10额外地作用并且提供最大的制动效果。
但是，在涡流制动器10的制动过程中由电机3产生的废热也可以收集到蓄热器7中并且被用于调节混合动力汽车的温度，因此几乎不需要使用电能。

Claims (10)

1.一种被驱动的汽车轴，该汽车轴与内燃机和/或至少一个能根据选择作为发动机或发电机运行的电机耦连或可耦连，并且具有制动装置，其中，所述制动装置具有涡流制动器(10)，其特征在于，所述汽车轴具有两个电机(3)和两个涡流制动器(10)，其中，分别一个电机(3)和一个涡流制动器(10)设计用于驱动一个车轮（2）。
2.如权利要求1所述的汽车轴，其特征在于，在所述电机(3)或每个电机(3)和由所述汽车轴(1)驱动的车轮(2)之间设置变速器(8)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的汽车轴，其特征在于，在所述电机(3)和所述涡流制动器(10)之间设置变速器(9)。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的汽车轴，其特征在于，借助于离合器能够接入或断开至少一个涡流制动器。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的汽车轴，其特征在于，所述涡流制动器(10)的制动效果能够借助于控制装置(4)调节。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的汽车轴，其特征在于，所述涡流制动器(10)具有固定部段(12)和能够相对该固定部段(12)运动的可动部段(11)，其中，所述制动效果能够通过可动部段(11)的移动来调节。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的汽车轴，其特征在于，所述制动装置包括驻车制动器。
8.一种混合动力或者电动汽车，包括至少一个如权利要求1至7之一所述的汽车轴。
9.如权利要求8所述的混合动力或者电动汽车，其特征在于，所述汽车具有加热装置，该加热装置设计用于吸收由至少一个电机和/或至少一个涡流制动器发出的热量。
10.如权利要求9所述的混合动力或电动汽车，其特征在于，所述加热装置具有蓄热器。
CN2009801554721A 2009-01-27 2009-11-26 被驱动的汽车轴 Expired - Fee Related CN102300742B (zh)

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