CN102283087A - Weathered granite-type floating seedling cultivation matrix material for tobacco - Google Patents
Weathered granite-type floating seedling cultivation matrix material for tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN102283087A CN102283087A CN2011101358532A CN201110135853A CN102283087A CN 102283087 A CN102283087 A CN 102283087A CN 2011101358532 A CN2011101358532 A CN 2011101358532A CN 201110135853 A CN201110135853 A CN 201110135853A CN 102283087 A CN102283087 A CN 102283087A
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Abstract
A weathered granite-type floating seedling cultivation matrix material for tobacco is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by volume: 4-6 parts of weathered granite, 2.5-3 parts of pearlite, 0-3.5 parts of one or several of rotten bagasse, rotten medicine residue and lignite, wherein the rotten bagasse, the rotten medicine residue and the lignite can be mixed in an arbitrary proportion, but respectively can kept to be 0-0.5 parts relative to the proportion of the weathered granite in parts by volume; the grain diameters of the weathered granite, the rotten bagasse, the rotten medicine residue and the lignite are 1-5mm; the pH value of the weathered granite is 5-8; and the bagasse and the medicine residue can be replaced by crop straws. The weathered granite-type floating seedling cultivation matrix material for the tobacco is used for replacing a traditional grass peat-type matrix, thus, cultivated flue-cured tobacco seedlings are consistent with cultivated flue-cured tobacco seedlings cultivated by a conventional matrix (grass peat matrix) in the aspects of seedling emergence, seedling formation, growth and the like; after being transplanted in a field, the tobacco seedlings are regular in growth vigor, are healthy, strong and comely and are rarely suffered from diseases; tobacco leaves at the later stage have high endurance, can respectively and normally fall and are equivalent in the aspects of economic production value, yield and the like, whereas the seedling cultivation cost can be saved by 40-60 percent. The weathered granite-type floating seedling cultivation matrix material for the tobacco has the positive significance that the exploitation of grass peat resources is avoided, whereas the weathered granite which is convenient to obtain, has a wide distribution range, rich reserve and no pollution and is capable of realizing factory production is adopted, therefore, the invention has an obvious environmental-protection effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new botanical seedling culturing material, a kind of weathered granite type tobacco floating seed rearing host material.
Background technology
The floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco technology has obtained people's approval with its advanced person, practicality and characteristics of high efficiency since coming out the nineties in last century, successively in America, Asia and African regional large tracts of land promote and succeed.At present, this technology is all over the world, and the cigarette seedling of about 90% above tobacco planting area is technology cultivation supply thus all.Constantly perfect along with technology, it has promoted the use of the cultivation of seedlings such as thin dish, flowers, melon and fruit, trees, and the effect of actively promoting has been played in the development of these kind seedling growing processs.
In developed countries such as the U.S., Japan, Canada, France, the floating seedlings of tobacco large-scale greenhouse by solar heat or the disjunctor plastic tunnels of adopting more, aspect automation, mechanization degree height such as tobacco seedling growth is pruned in light temperature control, ventilation dewetting, nutrition monitoring, seedbed, transportation transplanting.The scale of their floating seedlings factory is all in the 2-4 level in 100000000 strain/years.In addition, the huge tobacco grower of quantity also promotes the floating seedlings technology, makes that the universal face of this technology is bigger.According to statistics, the cigarette seedling of whole world floating seedlings output is approximately annual 300-500 hundred million strains.
One of material that floating seedlings is essential is a matrix, and its effect is similar to soil, but is not that normal soil can replace.At present, matrix mainly is the compound material of adding other auxiliary materials with the peat composed of rotten mosses of 30-60%.In addition, matrix of mixing of also useful sand and saw dust etc.But the effect with the peat composed of rotten mosses is best, the usage amount maximum.The consumption of the peat composed of rotten mosses is very big, is example with state, Red River, applicant location, and the annual plantation in Quanzhou flue-cured tobacco area is ten thousand mu of 56-60, and annual the need exploited nearly 20000 cubic metres peat composed of rotten mosses from wetland, and from then on global yield has some idea of.
The peat composed of rotten mosses non-renewable resources that to be plant such as lake pasture and water form through the historical accumulation in up to ten million years are stored in the wetlands such as lakebed, marsh more, and reserves are very limited.And wetland is " kidney of the earth ", exchanges the ball weather that saves land, keeps the ecological balance, keeps our natural environment very important, if unrestrictedly exploit the peat composed of rotten mosses, certainly will destroy this " kidney of the earth ", causes irreversible harm to environment.Therefore, seek new outlet for the matrix of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating, it is very great to develop emerging substitute meaning.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly at the problems referred to above; a kind of weathered granite type tobacco floating seed rearing host material is proposed; this material has and has the same or akin function of peat composed of rotten mosses matrix phase now; be used for the characteristics that cigarette seedling quality that floating seedlings obtains is equal to or slightly better; simultaneously, production cost is lower, uses more convenient; more help environmental protection, solve the deficiencies in the prior art with this.
This weathered granite type tobacco floating seed rearing host material that the present invention proposes is characterized in that it by volume part is mixed by following component:
Weathered granite 4-6 part; Perlite 2.5-3 part; Become thoroughly decomposed bagasse, the dregs of a decoction that become thoroughly decomposed, one or more 0-3.5 parts of brown coal.
When the bagasse that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the become thoroughly decomposed dregs of a decoction and brown coal are mixed into auxiliary material when participating in weathered granite and being mixed, can mix by arbitrary proportion, but the parts by volume proportioning of apparent wind fossil all keeps 0-3.5 part.
Bagasse, the dregs of a decoction that the become thoroughly decomposed moisture when participating in being mixed of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 35-45%.
Described weathered granite, the bagasse that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the dregs of a decoction that become thoroughly decomposed, and the particle diameter of brown coal is 1-5mm.
The pH value 5-8 of weathered granite.
Bagasse, the dregs of a decoction etc. are Organic Ingredients, and its effect is the physics regulating action that promotes product (penetrating, moisture absorption, water conservation) and increase organic composition.Therefore, use other Organic Ingredients, as the crop straw class, after carrying out abundant fermentation process, basic function is consistent with bagasse, the dregs of a decoction etc.In other words, bagasse, the dregs of a decoction can replace with the crop straw kind.
The finished product of weathered granite type tobacco floating seed rearing host material has following physical index and chemical index:
Unit weight: 600-900Kg/M
3Total porosity 70-85%; Particle diameter (1-5mm rank) is more than or equal to 40%; Moisture 30-50%; PH value 5-8; Organic: as to comprise that undecomposed organic residual body, half point separate the organic residual body of state, humus three classes, the organic summation of three classes 〉=2%; Humus 〉=2%; Electrical conductivity≤800 μ s/cm
3Effective iron ion content≤1000mg/Kg; Effective manganese ion content≤100 mg/Kg.
This weathered granite type tobacco floating seed rearing host material of the present invention, planting the district through applicant unit's time more than 3 years at 6 main cigarettes comes into operation, educate cigarette seedling big field of mu surplus 80,000 and transplant repeatedly on probation, the result is that aspects such as each demonstration pilot project is emerged at the cigarette seedling, Cheng Miao, growth are all consistent with conventional substrate (peat composed of rotten mosses matrix), cigarette strain growing way is neat, healthy and strong, delicate and pretty few sick behind the field-transplanting, the later stage tobacco leaf is anti-nourishs one's nature, the Huang that all can normally fall, aspects such as the economic output value, output are suitable with conventional cigarette seedling (peat composed of rotten mosses substrate seedling).And with the material of the present invention every mu of cost-saved 40%-60% that grows seedlings.Can replace peat composed of rotten mosses host material fully.
Positive effect of the present invention more has been to avoid the exploitation of peat composed of rotten mosses resource, and uses the facility of drawing materials instead, have a very wide distribution, but the weathered granite that abundant, the pollution-free batch production of reserves is produced, thereby have tangible environment protecting.
Further specify useful technique effect of the present invention with example below.For sake of convenience, the present invention gets weathered granite type tobacco floating seed rearing host material, weathered granite type host material, weathered granite matrix and weathered granite type matrix synonym each other.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the total absorption area comparative graph of different root systems in seedling stage.
Fig. 2 is a difference active root absorption area comparative graph in seedling stage.
Embodiment
With the local somewhere of applicant weathered granite is example, and this weathered granite is stratiform, lumpy structure, and quality is more crisp, and pick-hoe can dig and adopt, and certain texture and little cave are arranged after measured, and the water rate is good in the moisture absorption, pH5-8.Through pulverizing, it is stand-by that the part of 1-5mm grade is chosen in screening.Bagasse after will becoming thoroughly decomposed is crushed to 1-5mm, through five times repeatedly test learn that when the moisture of bagasse during at 35%-45%, the volume under its natural stacking states remains unchanged substantially, rate of change is in the scope of 0.2%-1%.Get each raw material with the volume measurement tolerance this moment, is mixed by the ratio of the volume parts of following processing.
Handle 1:4 part weathered granite, 3 parts of perlites, 3 parts of bagasses
Handle 2:5 part weathered granite, 3 parts of perlites, 2 parts of bagasses
Handle 3:6 part weathered granite, 3 parts of perlites, 1 part of bagasse
Handle 4:7 part weathered granite, 3 parts of perlites
In order to verify the effect of the weathered granite type host material under the such scheme (processing), the applicant is with conventional peat composed of rotten mosses host material (peat composed of rotten mosses ratio is 40%) (CK) in contrast, unify flue-cured tobacco cultivars K326, carry out the comparative trial of tobacco floating seed rearing with cigarette seeds company production in Yuxi, Yunnan.Host material prepares employing 162 holes, sterilization back, and (66.5cm * 34cm * 5.5cm) floating plate carries out seedling growth test.Repeat 3 times under each scheme, each repeat sowing 4 dishes, a pelleted seed is only broadcast in every hole.Samely repeat all to be placed in the same little shed floating seedlings pond different disposal seedling-cultivating tray randomized arrangement.The fertile plain ratio of used grow seedling nutritional liquid is: N:P
2O
5: K
2O=8:12:13.
Emergence rate and investigation breeding time are undertaken by " People's Republic of China's tobacco business standard economical character investigation method " standard (YC/T142-11998).
Physical and chemical index is measured: through the applicant weathered granite type matrix of four different disposal and conventional substrate are delivered to the professional institution with tobacco floating seed rearing matrix check qualification and detect, the results are shown in Table 1.
The physical and chemical index testing result table of each treatment formulations weathered granite type host material of table 1
As seen from Table 1, the physicochemical property of matrix is the variation of fossil content with the wind, presents regular alternation.Along with the increase of weathered granite content, weathered granite host material unit weight increases progressively, and electrical conductivity, pH value, organic matter, humic acid content successively decrease.Weathered granite matrix than the organic matter of conventional substrate, humic acid, effectively iron, manganese, electrical conductivity is on the low side, makes that the organic nutrient content of weathered granite matrix and organic matter decomposition are good not as conventional substrate, humic acid reduces, and makes that the pH of weathered granite matrix is higher slightly.But the nutrient solution of tobacco floating seed rearing is faintly acid, and the required nutrient of tobacco seedling growth mainly is to supply with by the nutrient solution that applies nursery pond, does not grow so do not influence the normal growth of cigarette seedling.
Cigarette seedling biological character is measured: in the time of 45 days, 55 days, 65 days, 75 days, in each dish, get 10 strain cigarette seedlings at random respectively at seedling age, according to above-mentioned standard test cigarette seedling stem height, stem girth, cauline leaf and root system do, fresh weight and root absorbing area.The gained result is as table 2-4.
Table 2 different substrates is handled main agronomy index in seedling stage
Table 3 different times cigarette seedling dry matter knot tired relatively (Duncan)
Fresh and dried ratio of table 4 different times cigarette seedling and root cap variance analysis when (Duncan)
As seen from Table 2, handle 1-3 cigarette seedling emergence rate and be more or less the same, all be higher than contrast, have only and handle 4, but also reached the requirement of " tobacco floating seed rearing matrix " (Yunnan Province's provincial standard [DB53/T112-2004]) a little less than contrast.It is little that planting percent is respectively handled difference, is better than or is equivalent to contrast.
Table 3 shows, tired to influence difference little to tobacco seedling growth different phase cigarette seedling dry matter knot for the host material of different formulations, after planting 45 days conventional substrate are handled tired higher than weathering matrix of the cauline leaf dry matter knot of (CK), handle 4 the most approachingly with CK, and root system difference is not obvious; Tobacco seedling growth to 55 days-75 days, except handle 3 65 days the time dry matter knot tired on the low side, weathered granite overground part that matrix is grown seedlings and root system dry matter knot tire out situation all show better than CK.
The fresh and dried ratio of cigarette seedling has reflected that the cigarette seedling utilizes effect to nutrient absorbing, and weathered granite matrix is because ratio of heat capacities peat composed of rotten mosses matrix is little, and water imbibition is strong, and water binding capacity is good, helps growing of cigarette seedling.As can be seen from Table 4, after planting 45 days-75 days, the fresh and dried ratio of weathered granite acrial part that matrix is grown seedlings of different proportion all was higher than contrast, and 55 days-65 days cigarette shoot roots are that fresh and dried ratio is also compared will getting well of photograph, and after planting 45 days and 75 days the latter two differences are not obvious.
Tobacco seedling growth to 45 day-55 days two stages, cigarette shoot root hat was more little than difference between each was handled, several weathered granite matrix treatments are educated the contrast of cigarette shoot root hat odds ratio and omit in the time of 45 days, grow seedlings the stage entirely except that processing 4 in 55 days-75 days 3, and all the other several weathered granite matrix treatments are also compared and shone.It is good with under ground portion harmony on the ground that the cigarette seedling is educated in the explanation of the root/shoot ratio of cigarette seedling, weathered granite, helps cigarette shoot root system after the cigarette transplantation of seedlings to the absorbing of nutrient and moisture, and improves cigarette transplantation of seedlings survival rate, promotion cigarette seedling early growth and quick tiller.
Each matrix treatments root system of different phase is seen Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
As can be seen from Figure 1,45 days seedling ages, having only the 3 cigarette shoot roots of processing is that total absorption area is more smaller than CK, and processing 2 is obvious bigger than normal than CK, and all the other differences are not obvious; 4 weathered granites processing cigarette shoot roots are that total absorption area increases sharply in the time of 55 days, apparently higher than contrast.Differ not obvious in the time of 65 days, except that processing 2 was obviously bigger than normal, difference was little compared with the control in all the other several processing in the time of 75 days.45 days 4 processing active root absorption areas are all less than contrast, and 4 processing cigarette shoot roots are that vigor increases rapidly in the time of 55 days, and all height is shone in comparison, decline again in 65 days, and several processing differences are not obvious.Each handles the total absorption area of root system, enliven raise the in earlier stage variation of decreased later of absorption area, the variation of growing with cigarette shoot root system is consistent, early stage is because the cigarette seedling is little, cigarette radical amount is few, growing of root system drives the raising of root system vigor, to growing seedlings the later stage, because the transformation at tobacco seedling growth center, root system development is obstructed, and the root system absorption function also descends thereupon.
The applicant also compares with regard to the cost and the conventional substrate material of four processing of the present invention weathered granite type tobacco floating seed rearing host material, the results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 substitutes matrix and conventional floating seedlings cost contrast table
The weathered granite host material is grown seedlings except host material is different with conventional substrate, aspects such as remaining auxiliary facility of growing seedlings, goods and materials and the recruitment of growing seedlings, management all with the contrast consistent.But on cost of material, have than big difference.
The primary raw material of weathered granite host material is a weathered granite, is 120 yuan/M after the processing of locality
3, organic auxiliary material price of compositions such as bagasse, the dregs of a decoction is 260.4 yuan/m
3, calculate 2.21 yuan/mu of productions in the matrix production process, processing, producer's taxes and profits cost accounting.The cost of material of four processing is saved 8.56-10.52 unit/mu than CK between 8.21-9.77 unit/mu, the range of decrease is 47.8-56.2%.Cost savings are fairly obvious.
On the basis of success of the test, applied the alternative matrix formulations of 5 parts of weathered granite+5 part auxiliary materials in 3 years continuously in 2009-2011, applicant unit in affiliated Luxi, Muller, stone screen, Jian Shui, Mengzi, six counties and cities branch company cigarette districts, Geju City carried out large-area field-transplanting contrast property popularization demonstration, mu surplus the gross area reaches 80,000.The flue-cured tobacco cultivars that relates to has six kinds such as the big gold dollar of safflower, V2, cloud and mist 97, K326, cloud and mist 87, NC297, has contained a plurality of cigarette ecotopes of planting in state, Red River.The result is the cigarette seedling that the weathered granite host material cultivates, aspects such as each demonstration pilot project is emerged at the cigarette seedling, Cheng Miao, growth are all consistent with conventional substrate, cigarette strain growing way is neat, healthy and strong, delicate and pretty few sick behind the field-transplanting, the later stage tobacco leaf is anti-nourishs one's nature, the Huang that all can normally fall, aspect such as the economic output value, output and conventional cigarette seedling (peat composed of rotten mosses substrate seedling) quite.Save cost 40%-60% and grow seedlings every mu with material of the present invention.Can replace peat composed of rotten mosses host material fully.Eliminated the exploitation pressure of local peat composed of rotten mosses resource, the expert has given highly sure to the value of environmental protection of the present invention.
In the weathered granite host material, bagasse with replacement such as the dregs of a decoction sweet wormwood slag of certain pharmaceutical factory of traditional Chinese medicine (applicant local), brown coal or assembly after, at the effect problem that replaces aspect the existing peat composed of rotten mosses matrix, the applicant has also done the test of certain limit.Except that brown coal replace fully that the scheme water-holding capacity of bagasse is big, gas permeability poor slightly, all the other schemes all have and above-mentioned four handle akin technique effects.From the situation of raw material sources, bagasse is the waste material in local sugar refinery, measures inexpensively greatly, and quality is even, is easy to the standardization processing of becoming thoroughly decomposed, with respect to the more convenient use of other organic materials, better effects if.
Claims (7)
1. weathered granite type tobacco floating seed rearing host material is characterized in that it by volume part is mixed by following component:
Weathered granite 4-6 part; Perlite 2.5-3 part; Become thoroughly decomposed bagasse, the dregs of a decoction that become thoroughly decomposed, one or more 0-3.5 parts of brown coal.
2. weathered granite type tobacco floating seed rearing host material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being mixed into auxiliary material when participating in weathered granite and being mixed when the bagasse that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the become thoroughly decomposed dregs of a decoction and brown coal, mix with arbitrary proportion, but the parts by volume proportioning of apparent wind fossil all keeps 0-3.5 part.
3. weathered granite type tobacco floating seed rearing host material according to claim 1 and 2, the bagasse that it is characterized in that becoming thoroughly decomposed, the moisture the when dregs of a decoction that become thoroughly decomposed participate in being mixed are 35-45%.
4. weathered granite type tobacco floating seed rearing host material according to claim 1 is characterized in that weathered granite, the bagasse that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the dregs of a decoction that become thoroughly decomposed, and the particle diameter of brown coal is 1-5mm.
5. weathered granite type tobacco floating seed rearing host material according to claim 1 is characterized in that the pH value 5-8 of weathered granite.
6. weathered granite type tobacco floating seed rearing host material according to claim 1 is characterized in that bagasse, the dregs of a decoction replace with the crop straw kind.
7. weathered granite type tobacco floating seed rearing host material according to claim 1 is characterized in that the finished product of weathered granite type tobacco floating seed rearing host material has following physical index and chemical index:
Unit weight: 600-900Kg/M
3Total porosity 70-85%; Particle diameter (1-5mm rank) is more than or equal to 40%; Moisture 30-50%; PH value 5-8; Organic: as to comprise that undecomposed organic residual body, half point separate the organic residual body of state, humus three classes, the organic summation of three classes 〉=2%; Humus 〉=2%; Electrical conductivity≤800 μ s/cm
3Effective iron ion content≤1000mg/Kg; Effective manganese ion content≤100 mg/Kg.
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| CN106171909A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2016-12-07 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of tobacco seedling medium and preparation method and application |
| CN107821089A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-03-23 | 潍坊市烟草专卖局 | A kind of formula of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth vegetable soilless culture substrate |
| CN110972886A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-10 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | Novel tobacco seedling raising biological matrix prepared based on combination of mushroom residue and magnolia residue |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107821089A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-03-23 | 潍坊市烟草专卖局 | A kind of formula of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth vegetable soilless culture substrate |
| CN110972886A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-10 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | Novel tobacco seedling raising biological matrix prepared based on combination of mushroom residue and magnolia residue |
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Application publication date: 20111221 |