CN102265008A - 排气净化装置的再生不良诊断方法 - Google Patents

排气净化装置的再生不良诊断方法 Download PDF

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CN102265008A
CN102265008A CN2009801524730A CN200980152473A CN102265008A CN 102265008 A CN102265008 A CN 102265008A CN 2009801524730 A CN2009801524730 A CN 2009801524730A CN 200980152473 A CN200980152473 A CN 200980152473A CN 102265008 A CN102265008 A CN 102265008A
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particulate filter
hypoplasia
gradient
purifying device
extraction flow
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小泉亘
成田洋纪
南川仁一
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Hino Motors Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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Abstract

本发明涉及具备强制地对微粒过滤器（13）进行加热，焚烧收集到的微粒的过滤器再生机构的排气净化装置的再生不良诊断方法，求出朝向微粒过滤器（13）的排气流量与微粒过滤器（13）的输入一侧以及输出一侧的差压，计算出差压变化相对于排气流量变化的斜度，将该计算斜度与规定的基准斜度进行比较，在上述计算斜度超过了上述基准斜度时诊断微粒过滤器（13）的再生不良。

Description

排气净化装置的再生不良诊断方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种排气净化装置的再生不良诊断方法。
背景技术
从柴油发动机排出的微粒（粒子状物质）呈现以由碳素质构成的煤和以高沸点碳氢化合物构成的SOF成分（可溶性有机成分）为主要成分，进而含有微量的硫酸盐（雾状硫酸成分）的组成，作为降低这种微粒的对策，以往是通过在废气流通的排气管的中途装备微粒过滤器而进行的。
这种微粒过滤器为由沸石等陶瓷构成的多孔质的蜂窝构造，划分成格子状的各流路的入口被交替地封口，而入口未封口的流路的出口被封口，仅有透过了划分各流路的多孔质薄壁后的废气向下游一侧排出。
而且，由于废气中的微粒被上述多孔质薄壁的内侧表面收集而堆积，所以要在排气阻力因网孔堵塞而增加之前适当地将微粒燃烧除去，以谋求微粒过滤器的再生，但在通常的柴油发动机的运行状态下，得到微粒自燃程度的高的排气温度的机会很少。
因此，使微粒过滤器一体地担载例如在铝中担载了铂的物质中添加适当量的铈等稀土类元素而成的氧化催化剂，通过上述氧化催化剂促进收集在该微粒过滤器内的微粒的氧化反应以降低着火温度，即使是比以往低的排气温度，也能够将微粒燃烧除去。
但是，即使在这种情况下，由于在排气温度低的运行区域，收集量因微粒的处理量而增加，所以当这种低排气温度下的运行状态持续时，则有可能微粒过滤器的再生不能够良好地进行而微粒过滤器陷入过度收集状态，要在微粒的堆积量增加的阶段，通过过滤器再生机构而强制地对微粒过滤器进行加热，以焚烧收集到的微粒。
在这种过滤器再生机构中，开发了在微粒过滤器的前级配置氧化催化剂且在其上游一侧添加燃料，通过上述氧化催化剂上的氧化反应热进行加热的机构，及在微粒过滤器的前级配置电加热器或燃烧器来进行加热的机构。
另外，关于这种谋求微粒过滤器的强制再生的方法，列举了与本发明相同的申请人的下述专利文献1及专利文献2。
专利文献1：特开2003-83139号公报
专利文献2：特开2003-155913号公报
但是，以往，不是通过上述的过滤器再生机构实施强制再生，在再生结束之后实际确认微粒过滤器的再生是正常结束还是以再生不良的状态结束，微粒过滤器的再生不良不能够适用于随车诊断（onboard diagnosis：进行汽车的废气对策系统的故障诊断，在故障的情况下向驾驶员告知产生了故障，同时记录故障部位等的报警系统）。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于上述实情而提出的，其目的在于能够在过滤器再生机构进行了微粒过滤器的强制再生之后确切地诊断该微粒过滤器的再生不良。
本发明的排气净化装置的再生不良诊断方法具备强制地对微粒过滤器进行加热，焚烧收集到的微粒的过滤器再生机构，其特征在于，求出朝向微粒过滤器的排气流量与微粒过滤器的输入一侧以及输出一侧的差压，计算出差压变化相对于排气流量变化的斜度，将该计算斜度与规定的基准斜度进行比较，在上述计算斜度超过了上述基准斜度时诊断微粒过滤器的再生不良。
这样一来，即使运行状态因加减速的重复而时时刻刻变化，从而排气流量变动，由于只要是微粒过滤器的透气阻力不改变，则差压变化相对于排气流量变化的计算斜度不会有大改变，所以如果将该计算斜度与基准斜度进行比较，判定上述计算斜度是否超过了上述基准斜度，则判断出微粒过滤器内是否残存有何种程度的微粒。
即，由于如果因再生不良而残存有超过容许量的微粒，则微粒过滤器的透气阻力增大，差压变化相对于排气流量变化的计算斜度增大，所以通过该计算斜度超过上述基准斜度而判断为微粒过滤器产生了再生不良。
当然，该基准斜度是作为差压变化相对于微粒过滤器的再生结束后残留有作为微粒的残存量而不能容许的量时的排气流量变化的斜度适当决定的。
而且，在本发明中，优选地是仅在排气流量超过了规定的流量时诊断微粒过滤器的再生不良，这样一来，能够避免在计算差压变化相对于排气流量变化的斜度上容易产生离散的排气流量少的条件下的诊断。
而且，在本发明中，优选地是在计算斜度超过基准斜度的频率超过了规定的频率时诊断微粒过滤器的再生不良，这样一来，能够排除因加减速的过渡状态等突发的扰动而产生的暂时的再生不良的误诊断。
而且，在本发明中，优选地是检测发动机的吸入空气量和燃料喷射量和排气温度，基于排气温度对吸入空气量和燃料的气化气体量进行温度换算，计算出朝向微粒过滤器的排气流量，这样一来，能够利用为了各种控制而已检测出的发动机的吸入空气量和燃料喷射量和排气温度，仅通过运算处理即能够比较简单地求出排气流量。
根据上述本发明的排气净化装置的再生不良诊断方法，能够具有下述的优良效果。
（Ⅰ）由于能够在始终持续变化的运行状态中适当诊断微粒过滤器的再生不良，所以能够在通过过滤器再生机构强制地对微粒过滤器进行加热而焚烧了收集到的微粒后，实际确认微粒过滤器的再生是正常结束还是以再生不良的状态结束。
（Ⅱ）由于若只要是排气流量超过规定的流量时即诊断微粒过滤器的再生不良，则能够避免在计算差压变化相对于排气流量变化的斜度上容易产生离散的排气流量少的条件下的诊断，所以能够大幅度提高微粒过滤器的再生不良的诊断精度。
（Ⅲ）由于若在计算斜度超过了基准斜度的频率超过了规定的频率时诊断微粒过滤器的再生不良，则能够排除因加减速的过渡状态等突发的扰动而产生的暂时的再生不良的误诊断，所以能够进一步提高微粒过滤器的再生不良的诊断精度。
（Ⅳ）由于若检测发动机的吸入空气量和燃料喷射量和排气温度，基于排气温度对吸入空气量和燃料的气化气体量进行温度换算，计算出朝向微粒过滤器的排气流量，则能够利用为了各种控制而已检测出的发动机的吸入空气量和燃料喷射量和排气温度，仅通过运算处理即能够比较简单地求出排气流量，所以不必花费新的设备成本即能够进行排气流量的检测。
附图说明
图1是表示实施本发明的方式的一例的示意图；
图2是表示图1的控制装置进行的具体诊断顺序的流程图；
图3是对差压变化相对于排气流量变化的斜度与基准斜度进行比较后的曲线图。
附图标记说明：
1：柴油发动机；
9：废气；
11：排气管；
13：微粒过滤器；
14：氧化催化剂（过滤器再生机构）；
15：温度传感器；
18：燃料喷射装置（过滤器再生机构）；
20：控制装置；
21：差压传感器；
22：空气流量计。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
图1～图3表示实施本发明的方式的一例。图1中的1表示装备了涡轮增压器2的柴油发动机，从空气净化器3导入的进气4经过进气管5向上述涡轮增压器2的压缩机2a输送，由该压缩机2a加压后的进气4向中间冷却器6输送并被冷却，进气4从该中间冷却器6进而被导向进气多支管7而分配到柴油发动机1的各气缸（在图1中例示了直列6气缸的情况）。
另外，从该柴油发动机1的各气缸8排出的废气9经由排气多支管10向涡轮增压器2的涡轮机2b输送，驱动该涡轮机2b后的废气9经由排气管11向车外排出。
而且，在该排气管11的中途加装有过滤器壳体12。在该过滤器壳体12内的后级收容有一体地担载了氧化催化剂而成的催化剂再生型的微粒过滤器13，该微粒过滤器13呈现由陶瓷构成的多孔质的蜂窝构造，划分成格子状的各流路的入口被交替地封口，而入口未封口的流路的出口被封口，仅有透过了划分各流路的多孔质薄壁后的废气9向下游一侧排出。
而且，在过滤器壳体12内紧挨着微粒过滤器13之前的位置收容有具有蜂窝构造的流过型氧化催化剂14，在上述过滤器壳体12上装备有在氧化催化剂14与微粒过滤器13之间计量废气9的温度的温度传感器15，同时经由用于压力取出的管子连接有计量微粒过滤器13前后的差压的差压传感器21（差压检测装置），来自该温度传感器15以及差压传感器21的温度信号15a以及差压信号21a向构成发动机控制计算机（ECU：Electronic，Control Unit）的控制装置20输入。
另外，在紧挨着空气净化器3之后的进气管5上装备有检测吸入空气量的空气流量计22，该空气流量计22的流量信号22a也向上述控制装置20输入。
在此，上述控制装置20由于兼着发动机控制计算机因而也承担与燃料的喷射有关的控制，更具体地说，基于来自将油门踏板开度作为柴油发动机1的负荷而检测的油门踏板传感器16（负荷传感器）的油门踏板开度信号16a、与来自检测柴油发动机1的内燃机转速的旋转传感器17的转速信号17a，向将燃料向柴油发动机1的各气缸8喷射的燃料喷射装置18输出燃料喷射信号18a。
而且，上述燃料喷射装置18由装备在每一个气缸8上的多个喷射器19构成，各喷射器19的电磁阀被上述燃料喷射信号18a适当地开阀控制，将燃料的喷射时刻（开阀时期）以及喷射量（开阀时间）控制成适当。
而且，在上述控制装置20中，决定当需要微粒过滤器13的再生时，接着在压缩上死点（曲柄角为0°）附近进行的燃料的主喷射，在迟于压缩上死点的不点火时刻定进行后喷射的燃料喷射信号18a。
即，当通过接收该燃料喷射信号18a的燃料喷射装置18接着主喷射在迟于压缩上死点的不点火时刻进行后喷射时，通过该后喷射而在废气9中添加未燃烧的燃料（主要是HC：碳氢化合物），该未燃烧的燃料在前级的氧化催化剂14上进行氧化反应，在其反应热的作用下，催化剂台面温度上升，微粒过滤器13内的微粒燃烧而被除去。
也就是说，在此图示的例子中，采用了在微粒过滤器13的前级配置氧化催化剂14且在其上游一侧通过燃料喷射装置18的后喷射添加燃料，通过在上述氧化催化剂14上的氧化反应热加热微粒过滤器13的过滤器再生机构。
而且，在上述控制装置20中，当在微粒过滤器13的输入一侧由温度传感器15检测出的排气温度为规定温度以上且持续了规定时间时判定为再生结束，停止上述过滤器再生机构进行的强制再生，但实际上以如下方式确认微粒过滤器13的再生是正常结束还是以再生不良的状态结束的。
即，如图2中流程图所示，在步骤S1中，将根据空气流量计22的柴油发动机1的流量信号22a判断的吸入空气量、和将在燃料向燃料喷射装置18喷射控制时所把握的燃料喷射量换算成气化气体量后的值相加，基于温度传感器15的温度信号15a判断的排气温度将该相加值进行温度换算，并作为排气流量求出，在接着的步骤S2中，判定在之前的步骤S1中求出的排气流量是否超过了规定的流量，仅在超过了规定的流量时进入步骤S3。
而且，在该步骤S3中，基于差压传感器21的差压信号21a求出微粒过滤器13的输入一侧以及输出一侧的差压，如图3中曲线图所示，计算出差压变化相对于排气流量变化的斜度（在图3中以A表示），此时，针对排气流量以及差压双方分别计算出例如5～10秒钟的范围内单位时间的平均值，从而求出斜度。
另外，在接着的步骤S4中，将在先前的步骤S3求出的计算斜度与规定的基准斜度（在图3中以B表示）进行比较，判定上述计算斜度是否超过了上述基准斜度，在计算斜度超过基准斜度的频率超过了规定的频率时先发出“是”的判定并进入步骤S5，诊断微粒过滤器13的再生不良，另一方面，在“否”的情况下进入步骤S6，诊断微粒过滤器13的再生正常结束。
在此，步骤S4中“是”的判定例如预先设成在判定10次中有5次左右计算斜度超过了基准斜度的情况下即当作是其超过频率超过了规定的频率来判定。
这样一来，即使运行状态因加减速的重复而时时刻刻变化，从而排气流量变动，由于只要是微粒过滤器13的透气阻力不改变，则差压变化相对于排气流量变化的计算斜度不会有大改变，所以如果将该计算斜度与基准斜度进行比较，判定上述计算斜度是否超过了上述基准斜度，则判断出微粒过滤器13内残存有何种程度的微粒。
即，由于如果因再生不良而残存有超过容许量的微粒，则微粒过滤器13的透气阻力增大，差压变化相对于排气流量变化的计算斜度增大，所以通过该计算斜度超过上述基准斜度而判断为微粒过滤器13产生了再生不良。
当然，该基准斜度是差压变化相对于微粒过滤器13的再生结束后残留有作为微粒的残存量而不能容许的量时的排气流量变化的斜度适当决定的。
因此，根据上述实施例，由于能够在始终持续变化的运行状态中适当诊断微粒过滤器13的再生不良，所以能够在通过过滤器再生机构强制地对微粒过滤器13进行加热而焚烧了收集到的微粒后，实际确认微粒过滤器13的再生是正常结束还是以再生不良的状态结束。
而且，特别是在本实施例中，由于仅在排气流量超过规定的流量时诊断微粒过滤器13的再生不良，所以能够避免在计算差压变化相对于排气流量变化的斜度上容易产生离散的排气流量少的条件下的诊断，大幅度提高微粒过滤器13的再生不良的诊断精度。
另外，由于在计算斜度超过了基准斜度的频率超过了规定的频率时诊断微粒过滤器13的再生不良，所以能够排除因加减速的过渡状态等突发的扰动而产生的暂时的再生不良的误诊断，进一步提高微粒过滤器13的再生不良的诊断精度。
而且，由于检测柴油发动机1的吸入空气量和燃料喷射量和排气温度，基于排气温度对吸入空气量和燃料的气化气体量进行温度换算，计算出朝向微粒过滤器13的排气流量，所以能够利用为了各种控制而已检测出的柴油发动机1的吸入空气量和燃料喷射量和排气温度，仅通过运算处理即能够比较简单地求出排气流量，不必花费新的设备成本即能够进行排气流量的检测。
另外，本发明的排气净化装置的再生不良诊断方法并不仅限于上述实施例，过滤器再生机构只要是强制地对微粒过滤器进行加热而焚烧收集到的微粒，则可以是任何形式，可以是在微粒过滤器的前级配置电加热器或燃烧器进行加热的形式，除此之外，当然也可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的范围内增加各种变更。

Claims (8)

1. 一种排气净化装置的再生不良诊断方法，具备强制地对微粒过滤器进行加热，焚烧收集到的微粒的过滤器再生机构，其特征在于，求出朝向微粒过滤器的排气流量与微粒过滤器的输入一侧以及输出一侧的差压，计算出差压变化相对于排气流量变化的斜度，将该计算斜度与规定的基准斜度进行比较，在上述计算斜度超过了上述基准斜度时诊断微粒过滤器的再生不良。
2. 如权利要求1所述的排气净化装置的再生不良诊断方法，其特征在于，仅在排气流量超过了规定的流量时诊断微粒过滤器的再生不良。
3. 如权利要求1所述的排气净化装置的再生不良诊断方法，其特征在于，在计算斜度超过基准斜度的频率超过了规定的频率时诊断微粒过滤器的再生不良。
4. 如权利要求2所述的排气净化装置的再生不良诊断方法，其特征在于，在计算斜度超过基准斜度的频率超过了规定的频率时诊断微粒过滤器的再生不良。
5. 如权利要求1所述的排气净化装置的再生不良诊断方法，其特征在于，检测发动机的吸入空气量和燃料喷射量和排气温度，基于排气温度对吸入空气量和燃料的气化气体量进行温度换算，计算出朝向微粒过滤器的排气流量。
6. 如权利要求2所述的排气净化装置的再生不良诊断方法，其特征在于，检测发动机的吸入空气量和燃料喷射量和排气温度，基于排气温度对吸入空气量和燃料的气化气体量进行温度换算，计算出朝向微粒过滤器的排气流量。
7. 如权利要求3所述的排气净化装置的再生不良诊断方法，其特征在于，检测发动机的吸入空气量和燃料喷射量和排气温度，基于排气温度对吸入空气量和燃料的气化气体量进行温度换算，计算出朝向微粒过滤器的排气流量。
8. 如权利要求4所述的排气净化装置的再生不良诊断方法，其特征在于，检测发动机的吸入空气量和燃料喷射量和排气温度，基于排气温度对吸入空气量和燃料的气化气体量进行温度换算，计算出朝向微粒过滤器的排气流量。
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