CN102257645A - 纳米结构器件 - Google Patents
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- CN102257645A CN102257645A CN2009801510507A CN200980151050A CN102257645A CN 102257645 A CN102257645 A CN 102257645A CN 2009801510507 A CN2009801510507 A CN 2009801510507A CN 200980151050 A CN200980151050 A CN 200980151050A CN 102257645 A CN102257645 A CN 102257645A
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Abstract
根据本发明的纳米结构器件包含从衬底凸出的第一组纳米线,其中第一组纳米线的每个纳米线包含至少一个pn或p-i-n结。第一接触至少部分地包围且电连接到第一组纳米线的每个纳米线的pn或p-i-n结的第一侧。第二接触装置包含从衬底凸出的第二组纳米线,且布置为提供与pn或p-i-n结的第二侧的电连接。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含纳米线的纳米结构器件。本发明尤其涉及纳米结构LED的接触。
背景技术
诸如LED(发光二极管)、FET(场效应晶体管)、二极管、太阳能电池和检测器之类的基于纳米线的半导体器件由生长在衬底的表面上的半导体纳米线或者半导体纳米线阵列组成,所述衬底例如是硅、蓝宝石、GaAs、GaP、GaN。通常,首先在衬底上生长平面缓冲层,且随后在缓冲层的表面上生长半导体纳米线或半导体纳米线阵列。缓冲层用作用于生长纳米线的基底层。另外,它可以用作电流输运层。
衬底上的纳米线形成的基本工艺是通过在US 7,335,908中描述的颗粒辅助生长或所谓的VLS(气体-液体-固体)机制以及公知的不同类型的化学束外延和气相外延方法。然而,本发明既不限制为这种纳米线也不限制为LVS工艺。用于生长纳米线的其他合适的方法在本领域中已知且例如在国际申请WO 2007/104781中示出。从其可以看出,可以不使用颗粒作为催化剂而生长纳米线。
在生长之前,衬底或缓冲层的表面被光刻图案化或以其他方式制备为定义在哪里生长纳米线。有利的是使得晶片的整个区域被均匀图案化以确保晶片上的所有均匀生长条件。
功能半导体器件典型地包含有源区域和提供接触的一个或更多区域。对于利用缓冲和/或衬底作为电流输运装置的器件,它必须电接触该缓冲层或衬底。现有技术解决方案要求仅在有源区域中的选择性纳米线生长或随后从接触区域的纳米线的选择性去除,使得露出缓冲或衬底的平坦表面。然而,标准工艺难以应用于纳米线去除,因为典型的蚀刻工艺对于这种类型的结构并不良好工作且选择性纳米线生长得出不均匀生长条件。本发明提供解决方案来避免这些限制。
发明内容
鉴于上述情形,本发明的一个目的是提供一种纳米结构器件及其制造方法,如独立权利要求限定的,其可以克服现有技术的缺点中的至少一些。
根据本发明的纳米结构器件包含从衬底凸出的第一组纳米线,其中所述第一组纳米线的每个纳米线例如包含pn或p-i-n结。第一接触装置布置为至少部分地包围和电连接到第一组纳米线的每个纳米线的pn或p-i-n结的第一侧。而且,纳米结构器件包含第二接触装置,该第二接触装置包含从衬底凸出的第二组纳米线,以及可选地附加的导电材料。第二接触装置布置为电连接到第一组纳米线的pn或p-i-n结的第二侧。
本发明的一个目的是克服与接触纳米线结构且尤其是纳米线LED相关的问题,即改善工艺集成且减小工艺时间,因为本发明实现端子的直接接触。尤其是,本发明使得能够针对整个衬底使用相同的处理步骤和均匀生长条件,以例如最小化边缘效应且避免复杂的纳米线去除步骤。而且,本发明可应用于具有从缓冲层或衬底电接触的垂直纳米线的所有纳米结构器件。
本发明的实施例在从属权利要求中限定。当结合附图和权利要求考虑时,本发明的其他目的、优点和新颖特征将从本发明的实施例的示例的下面详细描述而变得显而易见。
附图说明
现在将参考附图描述本发明的优选实施例,其中:
图1示意性示出具有径向pn结的接触的纳米线LED的剖面,其中第二接触装置与缓冲层电接触,
图2a至2e示意性示出具有径向pn结的接触的纳米线LED的剖面,其中第二接触装置与缓冲层以及第二第一组的纳米线的芯电接触,
图3示出包含在形成纳米结构LED的方法中的步骤,以及
图4示意性示出具有轴向pn结的接触的纳米线LED的剖面,其中第二接触装置与缓冲层和第二组的纳米线的底部部分电接触。
具体实施方式
在下文中,主要在纳米结构LED器件方面描述纳米结构器件的接触,然而,不限于此。该类型的现有技术纳米结构器件例如从US 7,396,696和WO 2008048704获知。
在技术领域中,纳米线通常被解释为在其直径中具有纳米尺寸的一维纳米结构。术语纳米线暗示着正是横向尺寸处于纳米尺度而纵向尺寸不受限。这种一维纳米结构通常还称为纳米须、一维纳米元件、纳米棒、纳米管等。一般地,纳米线被认为具有其每个均不大于300nm的至少两个维度。然而,纳米线可以具有高达约1μm的直径或宽度。纳米线的一维属性提供独特的物理、光学和电子属性。这些属性例如可以用于形成利用量子力学效应的器件或者形成通常由于大的晶格失配而不能组合的成分不同材料的异质结。术语纳米线暗示一维性质通常与细长形状相关联。然而,纳米线也可以受益于一些独特属性而无需具有非细长形状。举例而言,非细长纳米线可以在具有相对大的缺陷密度的衬底材料上形成以便提供用于进一步处理的无缺陷模版,或者以便在衬底材料和另一材料之间形成链接。因此,本发明不限于细长形状的纳米线。因为纳米线可以具有各种剖面形状,直径旨在表示有效直径。
此处示例的纳米结构器件即LED 、FET、二极管和检测器是基于以不同方式布置的一个或更多pn结或p-i-n结。pn结和p-i-n结之间的差异在于后者具有较宽的有源区域。较宽的有源区域允许i区域中较大的复合概率。纳米结构器件中的p-i-n结可以是径向或轴向的。根据本发明的实施例可以应用于这两种类型而不偏离本发明的范围。
在图1中使用LED示意性示例的根据本发明的纳米结构器件的一个实施例中,第一组纳米线101从衬底100凸出且第一组纳米线(101)中的每个纳米线包含pn或p-i-n结150。第一接触装置至少部分地包围且电连接到第一组纳米线101中的每个纳米线的pn或p-i-n结150的第一侧。包含从衬底100凸出的第二组纳米线102的第二接触装置布置为电连接到pn或p-i-n结150的第二侧。即,从衬底(100)凸出的第二组纳米线(102)布置为提供与pn或p-i-n结(150)的第二侧的电连接。
在纳米线101之间的空间的底部中可以存在电介质或绝缘层(未示出),如果存在,该电介质或绝缘层可以在生长纳米线101时用作生长掩模。该电介质或绝缘层必须添加到第一组纳米线的纳米线之间的空间中——如果作为纳米线的原先生长的结果尚未存在那里——以避免第一接触105和缓冲层120之间的电接触。另外,即使已经通过纳米线的生长在第一组纳米线的纳米线之间存在电介质或绝缘层,则另一电介质或绝缘层可能必须添加在已经存在的绝缘层的顶部以实现第一接触105和缓冲层120之间的适当电绝缘。如从图1中可以解释的,第一接触105和缓冲层之间的电接触导致短路。
包含在第一和第二接触装置中的接触可以是金属或半导体。在金属的情况中,它可以是具有高电导率的任意金属,像例如Al、Ti、Ag、Cu等或其合金。在半导体材料的情况中,它必须是导电的,这通过高掺杂(约1016/cm-3和更高)浓度的材料来实现。半导体例如可以是高掺的GaN、InP、GaAs、AlInGaN、AlGaN和InGaN等。
在一个实施例中,当生长纳米线时,掩模90可以沉积到衬底100或缓冲层120(在下文中,仅称为缓冲层120)上。掩模90——优选地像SiO2、Si3N4和Al2O3这样的电介质和绝缘材料——例如使用光刻来图案化,从而在掩模90中定义纳米线旨在从其生长的区域。在生长纳米线之后,掩模仍覆盖纳米线之间的空间中的缓冲层120。通过去除第二组纳米线102的纳米线之间的空间中的掩模90,且随后沉积接触层,可以直接形成与缓冲层120的电接触。通过使得第二接触装置102直接电接触缓冲层120,还形成与第一组纳米线101的纳米线的芯的接触。仅去除掩模层的方法可容易获得且包含使用例如HF、HCl的湿法蚀刻方法或使用例如CF4、SF6连同其他反应气体的干法蚀刻方法。如果使用的生长方法不需要掩模层90来生长纳米线,则第一接触和缓冲层 120之间的电绝缘优选地通过在第一组纳米线的纳米线之间添加电介质或绝缘层来布置。即使在第一组纳米线的纳米线之间已经存在电介质或绝缘层,所述层可能必须通过另一电介质或绝缘层进行补充。
从图1中看出的,纳米线周围的pn或p-i-n结径向地生长,其中作为内部层的pn或p-i-n结150的n侧190与纳米线芯110直接接触。在下文中,除非另外声明,用词p-i-n结150旨在包括pn和p-i-n结150。
在根据本发明的纳米结构LED的图1中的实施例中,纳米线从衬底100凸出。衬底100可以是Si、Ge、Al2O3、SiC、石英、玻璃、GaN或适于纳米线生长的任意其他材料。在纳米线生长之前,衬底100还可以覆盖有缓冲层120。缓冲层120可以由不同于衬底材料的材料制成。缓冲层120优选地选择为匹配所需的纳米线材料,且因而形成在工艺中稍后用于纳米线的生长基底。匹配意味着缓冲层120被选择为使得纳米线和缓冲层120的晶格参数允许纳米线生长。纳米线的生长可以通过利用上面引用的申请(US7396696和WO2008048704)中描述的方法来实现,其中熟知的掩模技术导致具有p-i-n结150的纳米线。纳米线可以是任意半导体材料,尽管发现的大多数公共材料是诸如GaN、InP、GaAs、AlInGaN、AlGaN和InGaN等之类的III-V半导体。
存在纳米线可以被第二接触装置接触的若干方式,且这些依赖于接触方法和接触材料。沉积或生长方法可以是用于生长像GaN、InP、GaAs、AlInGaN、AlGaN和InGaN等的半导体材料的接触层的CVD方法,而PVD方法优选地用于沉积像Al、Ag、Cu或具有适当高的电导率的任意其他金属的金属接触材料。也可以使用呈现所需物理属性的合金。
取决于使用的沉积或生长方法,第二接触装置,即在针对径向pn结生长的纳米线的情况中旨在接触第一组纳米线101的芯110且在针对轴向pn结生长的纳米线的情况旨在接触第一组纳米线的底部部分的第二组纳米线102,可以或者被纳米线的顶部部分上的接触材料覆盖(半覆盖,意味着接触材料在纳米线之间向下延伸)或者被全覆盖(意味着包含在第二组纳米线102内的纳米线的表面区域基本没有缺少与接触材料的接触)。
在本发明的一个实施例中,第一接触装置连接到p-i-n结150的p侧180且第二接触装置包含第二组纳米线,第二接触连接到第一组纳米线的纳米线的p-i-n结150的n侧190。旨在通过第二组纳米线102电连接到纳米线芯110或第一组纳米线101的轴向生长的pn或p-i-n结的底部部分的第二接触可以以若干方式布置。在该实施例中,第一和第二组的纳米线优选地在衬底上并行地处理,由此在生长之后最初的纳米线基本相同。第二接触可以在形成p-i-n结150的层的顶部上覆盖第二组纳米线102,或者在沉积或生长第二接触之前,可以去除p-i-n结150的一个或更多层,以提供与缓冲层120的改善的电接触。在如图2a至2e所示的本发明的一个实施例中,基本上包含在第一组纳米线的纳米线的p-i-n结150中的所有层在第二组纳米线102上被完全去除。这可以通过蚀刻来实现,且因为纳米线芯和第二接触之间的大接触区域而提供极好的电接触。环绕具有与纳米线芯或本征(此处本征意味着层不具有强p或n电荷积累,而在某种意义上接近中性)相同的导电类型的纳米线芯的一个或更多层可以留在纳米芯上,而不破坏接触属性。
另外,在环绕第二组纳米线的层的去除期间,甚至可以在纳米线芯上发生一些蚀刻。在极端情况中,仅少部分纳米线可以留在缓冲层的衬底上。然而,进行接触之前纳米线的部分蚀刻不破坏使用纳米线来实现接触目的的可能性。
因而,通过形成与缓冲层的物理接触,或另外地通过形成与第二组纳米线的纳米线芯的物理接触,第二接触可以形成与缓冲层或衬底的电接触。当形成p-i-n结的层不从第二组纳米线去除时,有源接触区域是n接触材料和缓冲层之间的接触,且第二组纳米线上的p-i-n结是电无效的,因为它通过第二接触短路。因此,被形成p-i-n结的层覆盖的纳米线上的所有表面区域也基本是电无效的。这种情形在图1中看出。在形成p-i-n结的层被去除的情况中,如图2a中看出的,接触区域极大地增加,且纳米线上的表面区域是电有效的,参与电荷到缓冲层的传导。
在图2b中,示出了这种情形:包含在p-i-n结150中的所有层在第二组纳米线102上被完全去除,使得沉积在第二组纳米线的纳米线上的第二接触变得与纳米线芯电接触。然而,由于物理条件和沉积技术,有时难以达到纳米线之间的空间的底部,因而,第二接触可能并不总是向下延伸到该区域中的缓冲层。在该情况中,优先地仅形成与第二组纳米线的纳米线的顶部部分的电接触。相同的情形也可以在第一组纳米线中发生,且如果这样,覆盖有接触材料的第一组纳米线的纳米线的仅部分将是电有效的。
在图2c中示出的另一情形中,纳米线之间的空间至少部分地填充有绝缘材料,且仅第一组和第二组纳米线的纳米线的顶部部分被接触。另外,纳米线之间的空间可以半填充有绝缘材料,使得绝缘材料填充纳米线之间的空间到纳米线的底部和纳米线的顶部之间的某一水平,例如像图2d所示。接触材料然后可以填充纳米线之间的空间的剩余部分,且如图所示的那样可以与绝缘材料接触。
而且,接触工艺可以导致这种情形:接触材料应用于纳米线,使得它遵循纳米线的轮廓,且如图2e所示,纳米线之间的空间保留。
在图4中示意性示出的本发明的另一实施例中,根据本发明的接触纳米线的方法应用于包含轴向pn结的纳米线。在这种情况下,来自第一组纳米线的纳米线的顶部部分(对应于例如pn结的第一侧)被第一接触装置接触。来自第一组纳米线的纳米线的底部部分(在纳米线包含轴向pn结的情况中,对应于例如pn结的第二侧)经由第二接触装置通过缓冲层接触。
在本发明的另一实施例中,接触纳米线的一种方式是部分地去除第二组纳米线102的纳米线的顶部部分中的p-i-n结。即,开放第二组纳米线的纳米线的顶部部分以露出纳米线芯。这实现第二组纳米线102的芯110和第二接触装置的第二接触之间的直接电接触。第二组纳米线102的纳米线的顶部部分可以通过蚀刻或化学机械抛光(CMP)去除。
此外,通过蚀刻可以去除覆盖在第二纳米线的纳米线之间的空间中的缓冲层120的任意层。这露出纳米线之间的空间中的缓冲层,因而实现该空间中使缓冲层120与第二接触的接触的可能性。这提供了第二接触与缓冲层120之间的直接电接触。另外,通过采用合适的蚀刻程式,第二组纳米线102的芯110和第二组纳米线102之间的缓冲层120可以不被覆盖。如图2a所示,这提供极大区域来布置第二接触,且帮助确保适当的电接触。
在图中3示意性示出的本发明的一个实施例中,形成纳米结构LED的方法包含以下步骤:提供衬底100,其可以是半导体衬底,例如硅;在衬底100上形成第一组纳米线101和第二组纳米线102,或者在形成纳米线之前,在衬底上形成缓冲层120且随后形成第一组纳米线101和第二组纳米线102;在每个纳米线上形成包围纳米线芯110的pn或p-i-n结150;形成至少部分包围且电连接到第一组纳米线101的每个纳米线的pn或p-i-n结150的第一侧的第一接触装置;形成包含从衬底100凸出的第二组纳米线102的第二接触装置,其布置为电连接到第一组纳米线的pn或p-i-n结150的第二侧。
在本发明的另一实施例中,去除第二组纳米线102的每个纳米线的顶部部分上的预定区域的方法包含蚀刻。取决于所需的轮廓,它可以是化学蚀刻或它可以是物理蚀刻。蚀刻可以是使用化学池的湿法蚀刻或使用真空设备的干法蚀刻。
在本发明的又一实施例中,去除第二组纳米线102的每个纳米线的顶部部分上的预定区域的方法包含化学机械抛光(CMP)。
虽然已通过其中纳米线是n型材料的示例示出了本发明的实施例,但是可料想使用p型材料的纳米线芯,在这种情况下将可能把p侧看作内部层。
实施例示出包含径向和轴向生长的p-i-n结的器件的接触的示例,然而假定至少一个端子被提供且通过衬底或缓冲层经由纳米线的底部部分被电接触,本发明将明显可应用在任意纳米结构器件上。很多半导体器件包含一个或更多p-i-n结,由此纳米线技术实现形成包含p-i-n结的各种半导体器件或通过组合两个或更多p-i-n结包含若干结的器件。
在纳米结构器件的一个实施例中,第一组纳米线从缓冲层120凸出,其中每个纳米线包含径向pn或p-i-n结。第一接触装置包含至少部分地包围且电连接到第一组纳米线的每个纳米线的pn或p-i-n结的第一侧的第一接触。第二接触装置布置为经由缓冲层120电连接到径向pn或p-i-n结的第二侧。
在本说明书中,术语“p-i-n结150的第一侧”表示p侧,且术语“p-i-n结150的第二侧”表示n侧。不过,这可以变更而不偏离本发明的范围。
用于包含在第一和第二接触装置中的接触的接触材料的正确选择导致增强的性能。接触材料应当优选地能够形成与它旨在接触的材料的良好欧姆接触。即,接触的电流电压(I-V)特性应当是可预测的且是线性的。如果这些I-V特性是非线性的且非对称的,则接触的行为更像类二极管行为,这对于接触而言是不希望的。半导体材料上的接触通常使用像蒸发的溅射这样的物理气相沉积(PVD)方法来沉积,但是也可以使用化学气相沉积(CVD)方法。用于半导体上的金属接触的合适材料是Al、Ag、Cu、Ti、Au或Pd。然而,也可以使用所述金属的合金。金属和金属合金的属性是高电导率以及与整体材料系统的兼容性。而且,可以使用诸如高掺杂半导体材料的非金属性接触材料。
在本发明的一个实施例中,形成纳米结构器件的方法包含以下步骤:
-301提供衬底;
-302在衬底上形成第一和第二组纳米线;
-303形成至少部分覆盖每个纳米线的径向pn或p-i-n结150;
-304形成包含第一接触的第一接触装置,该第一接触至少部分包围且电连接到第一组纳米线中的每个纳米线的pn或p-i-n结150的第一侧;
-305形成布置为包含第二接触的第二接触装置,该第二接触经由缓冲层120和第一组纳米线的纳米线的顶部部分而电连接到径向pn或p-i-n结150的第二侧。这意味着第二组纳米线的纳米线的纳米线芯的顶部部分需要是可访问的。这样做的第一种方式是在纳米线上选择性地形成pn结150,其覆盖纳米线的周围外部表面区域的基本部分,但是保留顶部部分开放。
这样做的第二种方式是在纳米线的整个外围表面区域上形成pn结150,且随后去除包含在第二组纳米线的纳米线的顶部部分上的pn结150中的层,由此露出纳米线芯。例如这可以通过蚀刻来完成。取决于使用的材料系统,可以使用利用真空系统和合适气体的干法蚀刻或者利用合适液体的湿法蚀刻。覆盖纳米线的周围表面的pn结150然后可以被第一接触装置接触,且具有露出的纳米线芯的纳米线的顶部部分然后可以被第二接触接触。第二接触因而可以布置为接触纳米线的顶部部分以及与纳米线芯接触的缓冲层120。接触第二组纳米线的另一方式是从其环绕层移去第二组纳米线的纳米线,且形成至少部分地包围第二组纳米线的纳米线的第二接触。
在本发明的另一实施例中,去除形成纳米线的顶部部分上的pn结150的层的方法包含化学机械抛光(CMP)。在CMP中,包含纳米尺寸的极小腐蚀颗粒连同适于讨论的材料系统的化学混合物的灰浆用于机械地和化学地去除纳米线的顶部部分上的材料。这导致非常平滑的表面,且露出纳米线的顶部部分上的纳米线芯。
应当意识到,第一组纳米线的纳米线的顶部部分可以以如上所述相同的方式露出。
在本发明的一个实施例中,纳米结构器件是LED,且纳米线LED旨在从纳米线的顶部或从纳米线的底部发射光,且当选择接触材料时,这必须被考虑。在底部发射纳米线LED的情况中,顶部接触材料可以是像银或铝的反射层,但是对于顶部发射纳米线LED,顶部接触材料需要是透明的。在金属中,银具有在光谱的可见区域中最好的反射系数,但是如果不加帽在结构内部,在正常大气中更倾向于呈现腐蚀损坏。Si3N4、SiO2、Al2O3或任意其他合适的电介质可以用作帽层。铝在可见区域中具有比银稍低的反射系数,但是在干燥大气环境中呈现极好的抗腐蚀性。为了改善器件可靠性,如上所述的附加电介质加帽可能仍是希望的。在透明顶部接触层的情况中,可以使用氧化铟锡(ITO)或其他透明化合物或具有高电导率和透射率的高掺杂半导体。
虽然结合当前被认为是最实际和优选的实施例描述了本发明,但是应当理解,本发明不限于公开的实施例。相反,旨在覆盖所附权利要求的范围内的各种修改和等价布置。
Claims (19)
1. 一种纳米结构器件,包含:从衬底(100)凸出的第一组纳米线(101),其中第一组纳米线(101)的每个纳米线包含:至少一个pn或p-i-n结(150);第一接触装置,至少部分地包围和电连接到第一组纳米线(101)中的每个纳米线的pn或p-i-n结(150)的第一侧,其特征在于第二接触装置,该第二接触装置包含从衬底(100)凸出的第二组纳米线(102),且布置为提供与pn或p-i-n结(150)的第二侧的电连接。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的纳米结构器件,其中衬底(100)包含与纳米线邻接的缓冲层(120)。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的纳米结构器件,其中第二接触装置包含至少部分地包围第二组纳米线(102)的纳米线的第二接触()。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的纳米结构器件,其中第二接触与缓冲层(120)和/或衬底(100)直接电接触,使得经由缓冲层(120)和/或衬底(100)至少部分地提供与pn或p-i-n结(150)的第二侧的电连接。
5. 根据权利要求4所述的纳米结构器件,其中第二接触与第二组纳米线(102)的纳米线中的每一个的芯电分离,由此基本经由缓冲层(120)和/或衬底(100)提供与pn或p-i-n结(150)的第二侧的电连接。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的纳米结构器件,其中第一和第二组纳米线中的每个纳米线包含芯和至少部分地包围芯的壳层,且该壳层由此pn结或p-i-n结。
7. 根据权利要求3或4所述的纳米结构器件,其中第二接触()与第二组纳米线(102)的纳米线的芯(110)电接触,使得经由芯至少部分地提供与pn或p-i-n结(150)的第二侧的电连接。
8. 根据权利要求7所述的纳米结构器件,其中第二接触与缓冲层(120)或衬底(100)电绝缘,由此经由导电路径提供与pn或p-i-n结的第二侧的电连接,该导电路径经由第二组纳米线的纳米线的芯从第二接触延伸到缓冲层(120)和/或衬底(100)且延伸到pn或p-i-n结(150)的第二侧。
9. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纳米结构器件,其中在操作中第一组纳米线中的每个纳米线的pn或p-i-n结(150)提供用于电荷载流子复合以产生光的有源区域,使得纳米结构器件用作LED器件。
10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的纳米结构器件,其中第一和第二组纳米线的每个纳米线在相同的工艺步骤中同时生长。
11. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纳米结构器件,其中第一接触装置连接到p侧(180)且第二接触装置连接到n侧(190)。
12. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纳米结构器件,其中纳米线芯露出且在第二组纳米线(102)的端部接触。
13. 形成纳米结构器件的方法,包含以下步骤:
-(301)提供衬底(100);
-(302)在衬底(100)上或在衬底(100)上的缓冲层(120)上生长第一组纳米线(101)和第二组纳米线(102);
-(303)在第一和第二组纳米线的纳米线中的每一个中形成pn或p-i-n结(150);
-(304)形成至少部分包围且电连接到第一组纳米线(101)中的每个纳米线的pn或p-i-n结(150)的第一侧的第一接触;
-(305)形成至少部分包围第二组纳米线(102)的纳米线的第二接触,由此第二接触形成与pn或p-i-n结(150)的第二侧的部分电连接。
14. 根据权利要求13所述的形成纳米结构器件的方法,其中生长的步骤包含生长包围纳米线的壳层。
15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的形成纳米结构器件的方法,其中形成第二接触的步骤包含从第二组纳米线上的环绕层移去纳米线以及形成至少部分地包围第二组纳米线的纳米线的第二接触。
16. 根据权利要求13至15中任一项所述的形成纳米结构器件的方法,其中第二接触与缓冲层(120)和/或衬底(100)直接接触。
17. 根据权利要求13至16中任一项所述的方法,其中第一和第二组纳米线在相同的工艺步骤中同时形成。
18. 根据权利要求13至17中任一项所述的形成纳米结构器件的方法,其中纳米线芯在第二组纳米线(102)的端部中露出。
19. 根据权利要求18所述的形成纳米结构器件的方法,其中第一和第二组纳米线的纳米线的预定部分使用化学机械抛光(CMP)和/或蚀刻来去除。
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- 2009-12-21 KR KR1020117013913A patent/KR20110103394A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-12-21 EP EP09833757.9A patent/EP2359416B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-12-21 JP JP2011542074A patent/JP5383823B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-21 WO PCT/SE2009/051479 patent/WO2010071594A1/en active Application Filing
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Also Published As
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KR20110103394A (ko) | 2011-09-20 |
JP2012513115A (ja) | 2012-06-07 |
US20110240959A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
EP2359416A4 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
CN102257645B (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
WO2010071594A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
EP2359416B1 (en) | 2015-10-21 |
SE533531C2 (sv) | 2010-10-19 |
US8664636B2 (en) | 2014-03-04 |
US9287443B2 (en) | 2016-03-15 |
EP2359416A1 (en) | 2011-08-24 |
US20140246650A1 (en) | 2014-09-04 |
SE0850167A1 (sv) | 2010-06-20 |
JP5383823B2 (ja) | 2014-01-08 |
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