CN102245455B - 减小车辆驱动装置的驱动功率的方法 - Google Patents

减小车辆驱动装置的驱动功率的方法 Download PDF

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CN102245455B
CN102245455B CN200980150423.9A CN200980150423A CN102245455B CN 102245455 B CN102245455 B CN 102245455B CN 200980150423 A CN200980150423 A CN 200980150423A CN 102245455 B CN102245455 B CN 102245455B
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motoring condition
driving power
parts
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drive unit
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J.法斯纳克特
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种减小车辆驱动装置的驱动功率的方法,该方法具有如下步骤:求得(101)车辆驱动装置的至少一个部件的温度与温度阈值之间的温度差,求得(103)车辆驱动装置的当前的行驶状态,确定(105)所述当前的行驶状态是否允许所述驱动功率的减小,以及如果所述当前行驶状态允许减小的驱动功率,那么减小(107)用于降低所述至少一个部件的温度的车辆驱动装置的驱动功率,以便提高温度差。

Description

减小车辆驱动装置的驱动功率的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及在用于降低温度的车辆驱动装置中减小功率的领域。
背景技术
车辆驱动装置的部件的功率能力主要取决于放热或者说车辆驱动装置的各自部件的温度。这样例如电动车辆或者说混合动力车辆的电驱动装置或者储能器具有温度变化过程,这种过程导致了,如果各自的部件的温度达到该部件能被损坏的最大的温度值,所述各自的部件必须以减小的功率运行。只要在驾驶员例如期望或需要全部的驱动功率以执行例如在对置车道上的超车过程或者变道进入高速公路的行驶情况中功率减小不被执行,所述功率减小、也称为减额(Derating)是不成问题的。所述功率减小在需要提供全部功率的体育行驶中特别重要。
对于功率减小,为了达到避免临界的部件温度的目的,通常使用过热功率截止器(übertemperaturleistungsabregelung),该截止器在进入临界温度时例如强制短时间地停止车辆或者强制车辆在进入冷却各自的部件的状态中运行,其中,行驶在冷却之后再继续进行。所涉及的部件例如是在有功率分配的(Verzweigenden)混合动力车辆传动系中的发电机,所述发电机给电动车辆的电动机供给电能,这样在达到发电机过热温度时驱动功率突然减小,从而车辆能够最大限度地在蠕变运行(Kriechbetrieb)下运行。为了减小驱动功率例如可以执行电流减小,就像其在日本的专利文献11-215888中被描述的一样。
为了避免功率下降虽然存在以最大的持续驱动功率设计车辆驱动装置的方案。为此,然而为了避免过热功率截止器的罕见的特殊情况对整个系统的过度设计是必要的,这是与高昂的额外费用联系在一起的。虽然能够通过标志提示驾驶员例如将达到的部件温度以及即将到来的功率减小。这当然是以驾驶员也看到并且注意到了该标志为前提。在此其缺点是,如果没有注意到这样的标志,就可能由于过载或者由于突然的功率减小产生的危险的行驶状态而对所述部件之一造成损害。
发明内容
本发明基于以下认知,即驱动功率的减小在同时避免临界的行驶状态时特别是在一行驶状态中取决于行驶状态地被执行,在所述行驶状态中,驱动功率可以被可靠地减小。为此,除了以较小牵引功率或者说以恒定的或者降低的速度进行行驶,合适的行驶状态特别是指制动状态或者再生制动状态。
按照一方面,本发明涉及用于减小车辆驱动装置的驱动功率的方法,该方法具有以下步骤,求得至少一个车辆驱动装置的部件的温度和温度阈值之间的温度差,求得车辆驱动装置的当前的行驶状态,确定当前的行驶状态是否允许驱动功率的减小,并且如果当前的行驶状态允许减小驱动功率,那么减小车辆驱动装置的驱动功率来降低至少一个部件的温度,以便提高温度差。由此,驱动功率的减小以有利的方式转移到在减小驱动功率时并不危及安全的行驶状态中。
按照一实施方式,如果当前的行驶状态不允许驱动功率的减小,则驱动功率不减小。因此,以有利的方式保证,所述驱动降低仅仅在为此规定的行驶状态中执行。
按照一实施方式,在当前的行驶状态是恒定的或制动的行驶状态或是再生状态或是以在加速度阈值以下的加速度值进行加速的行驶状态时,那么当前的行驶状态允许驱动功率的减小。加速度阈值例如可以是0.5m/s2或1m/s2。在当前的行驶状态是超车行驶状态或者是以高于例如上面提到的加速度值的加速值进行加速的行驶状态时,当前的行驶状态相反不允许驱动功率的降低。因此能够简单和可靠地求得对驱动功率减小有利的行驶状态。
此外按照一实施方式,仅仅当提前确定的或者期望的或者说接下来的行驶状态与部件温度的增幅联系在一起时,所述驱动功率才减小,所述增幅不比温度差小,也就是说与温度差相同或者高于温度差。由此,以有利的方式确保,仅仅当驱动功率的减小也必要时,才执行所述驱动功率的减小。
按照一实施方式,提前确定的或者期望的行驶状态是加速行驶状态或超车行驶状态,在所述行驶状态中以有利的方式不会执行功率减小。
按照一实施方式,期望的行驶状态例如根据油门踏板位置或者转矩需求或者加速度需求通过驾驶员或加速度测量获得。因此,以有利的方式能够确保,对于接下来的、临界的行驶状态有足够的功率储备可供使用。
按照一实施方式,在确定当前的行驶状态是否允许驱动功率减小的步骤中,将当前的行驶状态与从例如多个参考行驶状态中得到的至少一个参考行驶状态相比较。所述参考行驶状态能够以有利的方式存储在电子的储存器中或存储在查找表中并且显示,各个行驶状态对于功率减小的执行是合适还是不合适。
按照一实施方式,部件是指电动机或者内燃机或者储能器或者变速箱或者电流换向器或者脉冲逆变器或者上述部件的子部件。为了测得各个部件的温度,此外能够使用温度传感器。
按照一实施方式,求得车辆驱动装置的多个部件中各个部件的相应温度和配属于所述各个部件的温度阈值之间的多个温度差。在此,如果关于所述部件的至少一个所求得的温度差太小以至于不能在特定的或者期望的行驶状态中运行车辆驱动装置,所述车辆驱动装置的驱动功率就减小。由此,以有利的方式确保,对于提前确定的或期望的、接下来的行驶状态存在足够的功率储备。所述温度阈值优选是部件特有的以及能够是相同或不同的,由此考虑到,不同的临界温度能够分别配属于各个部件,所述临界温度可以位于例如60℃与200℃之间的范围内。
按照一实施方式,所述温度阈值是运行所述部件最大允许的温度,所述温度例如能够位于上述的温度范围中。
按照一实施方式,所述温度差是固定的或者取决于行驶状态的。所述温度差可以优选在公式
的基础上得到。在此,表示最大的加速度损耗功率,表示当前的冷却功率或者预测的冷却功率,该冷却功率例如能够在考虑环境温度时得出,表示超车过程最长的持续时间,例如20秒或40秒,以及表示部件的热容量。
按照一实施方式,所述功率减小的可允许性借助于分析导航数据来确定,从而以有利的方式也能够识别对置车道的危险的行驶。
按照一方面,本发明涉及一种通过编程技术构造的装置,例如控制设备,所述装置通过实施用于按本发明的方法的执行的计算机程序来构造。
按照另一方面,本发明涉及具有用于实施按本发明的方法的程序代码的计算机程序,当计算机程序在计算机上运行或者说执行时。
附图说明
本发明的其它实施例参考图1进行解释,所述附图示出了按本发明的用于减小驱动功率的方法的原则上的流程。
具体实施方式
如图1所示在步骤101中求得至少一个车辆驱动装置的部件的温度和温度阈值之间的温度差。同时或者之前或者之后车辆驱动装置的当前的行驶状态、也就是车辆驱动装置当前所处的行驶状态在步骤103中检测出。在步骤105中例如在一个或多个比较的基础上确定,所述当前的行驶状态是允许或者不允许驱动功率的减小。如果所述当前行驶状态允许减小的驱动功率,接下来在步骤107中减小用于降低至少一个部件的温度的车辆驱动装置的驱动功率,以便为例如接下来的行驶状态提高用于提供温度储备的温度差。换句话说,仅仅当确定了所述当前的行驶状态允许减小驱动功率时,驱动功率才减小。
由此,为例如接下来的行驶状态,例如超车操作或加速度提供热力学的储备,其中同时通过检测驱动功率减小来说不合适的行驶状态、例如加速状态或者超车过程,确保驱动功率、例如最大允许的驱动功率的减小仅仅引入行驶状况中,所述行驶状况实现了驱动功率无危险的减小。这例如特别在再生时、在恒定速度时或者在轻微的加速时是这种情况。功率限制优选仅仅保持这么久,即在考虑例如温度迟滞的情况下直到达到例如下极限温度阈值。
所述热力学的储备确保,例如在一次性引入的剧烈的加速过程期间不必撤销驱动功率,从而加速过程能够安全地执行。这意味着,系统例如可以如此设计,使得所述功率例如在再生时或者以低于上述的加速度值的加速度值进行轻微的加速时已经在准备阶段(Vorfeld)减小。同时能够给出指示标志,所述指示标志例如显示,在各个部件的当前的温度与各个部件的最大可能的温度之间的当前温度差包括安全储备,所述安全储备能够实现加速过程。因此,优选在临界行驶操作之外的切断温度等于最大可能的温度减去温度差。所述温度差能够例如对于每个相关的部件分开地在公式
的基础上得出。在此,表示最大的加速度损耗功率,表示当前的冷却功率或者预测的冷却功率,该冷却功率例如能够在考虑环境温度的情况下得出,表示超车过程最长的持续时间,例如20秒或40秒,以及表示各个相关的部件的热容量。
所述持续时间可以例如如下估计:以在不装载的车辆上从0km/h到100km/h的加速过程持续少于20秒的假设作为出发点,可以假设,这一加速过程在装载的车辆上例如要持续30秒。这意味着,对于已有的车辆而言,例如所有期望的加速过程平均能够持续大约最多30秒。此外可以假设,对于在例如快速路上的超车或者驶入过程大多数情况下发生更小的速度变化,从而所期望的加速过程的持续时间总是更小。
热力学的储备的求得对于每辆车辆或者说对于每个部件优选个别地得出,因为该储备优选应该尽可能的小,以便例如在热力学上尽可能好地充分利用驱动部件。同时所述热力学的储备应该如此大,从而能够安全地结束危险的加速过程。
此外,能够例如借助车辆控制器设置信号,所述信号显示可以减小功率了,也就是说不存在临界的加速过程以及例如每个部件执行涉及部件的功率减小,例如在达到例如减去上述温度差的各个最大温度时关闭。所述部件然后设置例如过热标识,所述过热标识显示出达到了过热。
为了避免这样的行驶状态情况,在所述情况中驾驶员例如慢慢向路口行驶并且同时对于设置的信号产生功率限制,所述信号例如直接在驾驶员加速前显示功率减小可能性,能够例如在油门踏板快速运动时,例如在挤压(durchdruecken)油门踏板时,尽管有例如设置的指示标志,还是再一次提供全部驱动功率以供使用,直到达到最大允许的温度或者如果加速度再减小。
为了各个部件的冷却能够非常明显地取消驱动功率,由此车辆例如在蠕变状态或者静止状态中运行。此外,可以根据行驶状态或者说根据行驶情况决定,是否这样减小所述驱动功率,使得所述各个部件被冷却,或者所述驱动功率是否仅仅这样程度地被减小,使得所述各个部件的温度的进一步升高被阻碍,由此总是提供更多驱动功率以供使用。这样在驶过隧道时或者在驶过没有停车车道(Standstreifen)的街道时特别有利。这样的行驶情况能够例如借助导航系统测得并且借助车辆控制器来防止,所述导航系统识别相应的街道特性。如果车辆位于这样的街道上,驱动功率就能够如此优选仅仅这样程度地减小,从而所述各个部件的温度不升高。同时能够优选设置指示标志,所述指示标志向驾驶员指示存在的情况。在此优选然而可以确保,为了离开危险区域,至少一种变慢的行驶是可能的。由此避免了像比如在铁路道口停车这样特别危险的情况。
按本发明的构思能够例如作为控制软件的一部分对于逆变器、电池或者也在中央的车辆控制器里实现。按本发明的对用于按热力学的情况而定的功率限制的策略的使用能够对于每辆车辆在行驶试验的基础上执行,在所述行驶试验中各个车辆如此运行,从而产生热力学的功率限制。

Claims (16)

1.用于减小车辆驱动装置的驱动功率的方法,该方法具有以下步骤:
求得所述车辆驱动装置的至少一个部件的温度与温度阈值之间的温度差;
求得所述车辆驱动装置的当前的行驶状态;
确定所述当前的行驶状态是否允许所述驱动功率的减小;并且
如果所述当前的行驶状态允许驱动功率的减小,那么减小用于降低所述至少一个部件的温度的车辆驱动装置的驱动功率,以便提高温度差,
在当前的行驶状态是恒定的或者制动的行驶状态或者再生状态或者以位于加速度阈值之下的加速度进行加速的行驶状态时,所述当前的行驶状态允许驱动功率的减小,以及其中,当该行驶状态是以位于加速度阈值之上的加速度进行加速的行驶状态或者超车行驶状态时,所述行驶状态不允许驱动功率的减小。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述部件是电动机或者内燃机或者储能器或者变速箱或者电流换向器或者脉冲逆变器。
3.按权利要求1所述的方法,其中,如果所述当前的行驶状态不允许驱动功率的减小,所述驱动功率不被减小。
4.按权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中,如果事先确定的或者期望的行驶状态与所述部件的温度的增幅联系在一起,所述增幅不比温度差小,所述驱动功率才减小。
5.按权利要求4所述的方法,其中,所述事先确定的或者期望的行驶状态是指加速的行驶状态或者超车行驶状态。
6.按权利要求4所述的方法,其中,求得所述期望的行驶状态。
7.按权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述期望的行驶状态根据油门踏板位置或者转矩需求或者加速度需求来求得。
8.按权利要求3所述的方法,其中,所述部件是电动机或者内燃机或者储能器或者变速箱或者电流换向器或者脉冲逆变器。
9.按权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中,求得车辆的多个部件的各个部件的相应温度与配属于所述各个部件的温度阈值之间的多个温度差,以及其中如果关于所述部件之一所求得的温度差太小以至于不能在事先确定的或者期望的行驶状态中运行,所述车辆驱动装置的驱动功率就减小。
10.按权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述温度阈值是用于运行所述部件的最大允许的温度。
11.按权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述温度差是固定的或者依赖于行驶状态的,和/或在下列公式
的基础上求得,其中,表示最大的加速度损耗功率,表示当前的冷却功率或者预测的冷却功率,所述冷却功率能够在考虑环境温度的情况下求得,表示超车过程的最长持续时间,以及表示部件的热容量。
12.按权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述最长持续时间是20秒或40秒。
13.按权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中,如果用于在事先确定的或者期望的行驶状态中运行车辆驱动装置的所述温度差太小,所述驱动功率才减小。
14.按权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中,如果用于在事先确定的或者期望的行驶状态中运行车辆驱动装置的在事先确定的间隔中的所述温度差太小,所述驱动功率才减小。
15.按权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述驱动功率减小的可允许性借助分析导航数据来确定。
16.按权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述行驶状态是以位于加速度阈值之上的加速度进行
加速的行驶状态。
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KR20110105809A (ko) 2011-09-27
CN102245455A (zh) 2011-11-16
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