CN102239956A - Fermentation of duck and goose feces for producing high protein feed - Google Patents
Fermentation of duck and goose feces for producing high protein feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technology by fermentation of duck and goose feces for producing high protein feed. The technology comprises the steps of: pretreating duck and goose feces, including forced-fed duck and goose feces with sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc. for sterilization and azotification, mixing the duck and goose feces with various vinasse in different degrees on the basis of feces characteristics, controlling the water content, the adding amount of an inorganic nitrogen source, the initial pH and the like, and infusing an assistant starter commodity or other microbiological cultures for anaerobic fermentation at room temperature for 4-7 days, thus obtaining the novel feed. With high content of crude protein and protein, abundant methionine, lysine and other essential amino acids, no diseases and insect pests such as salmonella and escherichia coli, the feed obtained meets the national feed standards. Also characterized by good palatability, easy digestion, the feed of the invention can substantially reduce the cost in feeding. In addition, the technology provided in the invention is easy to be scaled up for implementation, and is suitable for supporting various culturing farms to construct feed processing workshops so as to improve the industrial chain. Therefore, while controlling the fecal pollution, extra gains can also be obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production technology of feed, the biotechnology that belongs to feed is made the field, belongs to Fermentation Engineering, and field such as environmental pollution protection.
Background technology
China's aquaculture spreads all over the world, and the fowl and animal excrement of each big plant gets off number every year with hundred million tons, and except industrial pollution, the aquaculture fecal pollution has become that China is second largest have been polluted.What if? only according to compost, have only 50-80 unit/ton, price is too low, not too attracts big plant, general as compost, transport and handle too lately, can distribute stench, cause fruit bat and cause the flowers and fruits underproduction [Pinero J, 2003] etc., bigger pollution is caused in outskirts of a town and rural environment.This phenomenon has caused many experts' attention, and many cities are all classified the processing of rural area fowl and animal excrement as social development problem then attractive scientific worker and solved.
With the duckery is example, along with the raising of duck gradually to scale, intensivization development, the number of animals raised of duck constantly increases, the dirty processing of the excrement in the duck field also becomes the problem that raisers have to face.According to surveying and determination, a duck is discharged bright excrement 100g average every day, and per ten thousand ducks produce excrement and reach 1t every day.Press meat duck breeding cycle 50 days and calculate, will output 50 tons.Every year will be produced 5000 tons in excrement in the duck field of 1,000,000 ducks of 1 year landings.The duck excrement be pollution sources also be cheap low energy feed.Because the intestines of duck are shorter, the time that food stays in enteron aisle is not long, and the feed nutrient of eating generally can only absorb about 30%, and major part is excreted by rectum.Though the feed that the nutriment in the duck excrement is taken in duck is different and variant, but the every kg of gross energy of ordinary circumstance duck argol material is 13.4～18.8kJ, lysine 4.3g, cystine 1.0g, methionine 1.1g, threonine 5.3g, it contains crude protein 60.4～79.4g, equals to the nitrogen content of soya-bean cake, cottonseed etc.; Phosphorous 15.4g, potassium 8.5g are nutrient equilibrium, the higher raw material of content.Nonprotein nitrogen in the duck excrement (lithate, ammonia, creatine etc.) large percentage (all accounting for 70%～80%) only is that 8.3%, 14.5% crude protein can not utilize with the duck excrement nonruminant digestible protein of feeding directly.Feeding with the duck excrement, then the digestibility of protein is higher for ruminant.Because the rumen microorganism in the ruminant alimentary canal can utilize (accounting for 35%) such as organic acids in the duck excrement to make the energy, the unavailable crude protein of animal is become available microprotein.Goose excrement [BAZELY DR, 1985] is more or less the same with duck excrement component content, can treat as the duck excrement.
The nutritive value of duck goose ight soil to be improved for this reason, the digestibility of thick protein must be improved.
In the breed of duck goose, also have a kind of technology of forced-feeding, be exactly to arrive certain body weight in their length, for example goose reaches 5 jin, and duck 2 years pours into the constrained motion amounts of raising in cages simultaneously such as energy feed-corn by force with regard to every day, with getting fat, obtain goose foie gras or duck etc.This class method for breeding, because the duck goose usually raises in cages, the corn major part of feeding is digestion all, causes and contain a large amount of gelatinized corn starch etc. in the ight soil, adds other N elements etc., handles badly, is huge pollution sources, handles well, the generation high benefit.
Except nutrition, duck goose ight soil also contains various potentially pathogenic organisms [Lu JR, 2009] as clostridium, bacillus, bacteroid, salmonella [Carli KT, 2001], Escherichia coli and worm's ovum, virus [TAKASE K, 1986] etc., need could use safely through handling, the peculiar smell of duck goose excrement itself also can cause the discomfort of animals, needs in time to eliminate.The brid guano feed of existing market mainly is to dry behind the simple compost of duck goose excrement, perhaps to add antibiotic, pesticide, or expanding treatment etc., these technology have his own strong points.Shortcoming be or cost higher, perhaps disease and pest is killed inadequately, do not reach bio-safety [BAILEY JS, 1988], medicament residue is arranged perhaps and cause the microorganism resistance to the action of a drug [Yang Hua, 2006], be unfavorable for by the health of feeding animals, and formaldehyde fumigation easily causes the accumulation of carcinogen, and in general, perhaps operation inconvenience or investment are big or be unfavorable for that technology amplifies.Domestic and international more to the processing report of relevant chicken manure, less to the research of duck goose ight soil, the relevant feed product in market is also less, needs to strengthen exploitation, and a large amount of ight soil are suffered from many duck geese field, and how but do not know turns waste into wealth.
In addition, common duck goose ight soil is rich in nitrogenous source, and another big class environmental contaminants-vinasse, no matter is the manufacture craft from yellow rice wine, liquor, beer etc., or even from fruit wine such as applejacks, all be rich in C materials such as starch, cellulose, shortcoming is that crude fiber content is higher, and alcohol content is higher, the pig, cattle and sheep etc. of directly feeding, palatability deviation not only causes multiple symptoms such as dam is infertile easily, re-use after needing to handle.Vinasse are rich in methionine and lysine, help the growth of most cells, through rationally composite with brid guano, help producing the high protein feed of tiring entirely, enhanced nutritional value.And about duck excrement goose excrement separately fermentation and vinasse to ferment, dry the report of making feed separately more, but duck goose ight soil and vinasse mixed culture fermentation are not prepared the record of feed, in addition, do not have the report of processing duck goose ight soil such as strong acid in the utilization yet.Utilize strong acid in sulfuric acid, the phosphoric acid etc. can be rapidly the fixing nitrogen in the ight soil, help improving the content of amino acid and gross protein in the feed.
And through mixed culture fermentation after the present technique preliminary treatment or the independent feed that ferments and prepare, to not only eliminate the distinctive stink of brid guano, disease and pest, virus and harmful substance such as nitrogenous base, also will digest crude protein, increase considerably amino acid by microorganism, polypeptide, the bioactie agent equal size; In addition, still have large number of viable to get off after the dryings such as a large amount of beneficial microbes that sweat produces such as yeast, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, for the stomach microorganism species of transforming the fowl poultry, it is very useful to promote that digestion waits; In addition, processes such as anaerobic fermentation have increased the color, smell and taste of feed product, the color and luster of its little Huang, and light fragrance and little sweet mouthfeel have all increased the palatability of animal.
The present invention will utilize the whole bag of tricks multiple duck goose ight soil to be converted into the breeding feed of fowl poultry fish etc.
List of references:
1.BAILEY?JS，BLANKENSHIP?LC，STERN?NJ，et?al，EFFECT?OF?ANTICOCCIDIAL?ANDANTIMICROBIAL?FEED?ADDITIVES?ON?PREVENTION?OF?SALMONELLA?COLONIZATION?OFCHICKS?TREATED?WITH?ANAEROBIC?CULTURES?OF?CHICKEN?FECES，AVIAN?DISEASES，1988，vol32.2：324-329
2.BAZELY?DR，JEFFERIES?RL，GOOSE?FECES-A?SOURCE?OF?NITROGEN?FOR?PLANT-GROWTH?INA?GRAZED?SALT-MARSH，JOURNAL?OF?APPLIED?ECOLOGY，1985，vol.22.3：693-703
3.Carli?KT，Unal?CB，Caner?V，et?al，Detection?of?salmonellae?in?chicken?feces?by?a?combination?oftetrathionate?broth?enrichment，capillary?PCR，and?capillary?gel?electrophoresis，JOURNAL?OF?CLINICALMICROBIOLOGY，2001，39.5：1871-1876
4.Lu?JR，Domingo?JWS，Hill?S，et?al.Microbial?Diversity?and?Host-Specific?Sequences?of?Canada?GooseFeces，APPLIED?AND?ENVIRONMENTAL?MICROBIOLOGY，2009，vol75.18：5919-5926
5.Pinero?J，Aluja?M，Vazquez?A，et?al，Human?urine?and?chicken?feces?as?fruit?fly(Diptera：Tephritidae)attractants?for?resource-poor?fruit?growers，2003，JOURNAL?OF?ECONOMIC?ENTOMOLOGY，vol?96.2：334-340
6.TAKASE?K，NONAKA?F，SAKAGUCHI?M，YAMADA?S，CYTOPATHIC?AVIAN?ROTAVIRUSISOLATED?FROM?DUCK?FECES?IN?CHICKEN?KIDNEY-CELL-CULTURES，AVIANPATHOLOGY?1986，vol?15.4：719-730
7.Yang?Hua，Dettman.Brittany，Beam.Jonathan，Mix.Caroline，Jiang.Xiuping，Occurrence?ofceftriaxone-resistant?commensal?bacteria?on?a?dairy?farm?and?a?poultry?farm，Canadian?Journalof?Microbiology，2006，vol52.10：942-950
Summary of the invention
This patent is the deficiency at the technology of existing duck goose ight soil feed, and the duck goose ight soil under the various raising patterns etc. is converted into feed, by sour preliminary treatment, and (vinasse) mixed culture fermentation, oven dry is pulverized and process such as granulation is made corresponding feed.It has good palatability, and is nutritious, protein content height, advantage such as essential amino acids content is abundant.
Duck goose ight soil feed is divided into mixed type and simple form, and mixed type is that brid guano is handled the product that obtains with vinasse, corn, wheat bran or other raw material mixing artifacts, and simple form is the acquisition product of only duck goose ight soil directly being carried out a biological disposal upon.
The specific embodiment
The acquisition of embodiment one duck goose ight soil
The large usage quantity of duck goose ight soil generally from medium-and-large-sized poultry-farm, also can be collected from croft or casual household there.General fresh use when temperature is lower than 10 ℃, can be deposited 1 day, and temperature is more than 10 ℃ the time, and used the same day.
The acquisition of vinasse generally directly pulls near various breweries, fresh use, and yellow wine lees, brewex's grains, distillers ' grains, the poor grade of fruit wine can be used, and wherein the yellow wine lees nutritive value is higher, and the brewex's grains nutritive value is lower.
The pre-treatment of embodiment two duck goose ight soil
Fresh duck goose ight soil, strong acid in the sulfuric acid of adding cumulative volume 0.5～5%, the phosphoric acid etc. is handled more than 30 minutes, the processing of also can spending the night under the low situation of acidity, use NaOH, ammoniacal liquor etc. can, be adjusted to pH5.5～7.5, this method is intended to fixed nitrogen, improve the protein isoconcentration that produces in next step fermentation, simultaneously, kill salmonella, Escherichia coli and worm's ovum, threats such as virus, the outburst danger of minimizing bird flu etc.
Embodiment three puts duck ight soil mixing vinasse fermentation in a suitable place to breed and prepares feed
Collect the fresh duck excrement of putting in a suitable place to breed, need not dehydration or anhydrate, after handling according to embodiment 2 soda acids, mix according to 1: 1～9: 1 ratio with vinasse etc., wherein, the brewex's grains nutritive value is relatively poor, and adding proportion is higher slightly.Mixture adding ammonium sulfate or diammonium hydrogen phosphate 0.5～2% (g/100g) be nitrogenous source as a supplement, urea is because there is the metabolic by-product that is unfavorable for animal to produce in this anaerobism mixed culture fermentation, avoid or reduce use, other auxiliary materials can suitably add, keep moisture 40～60%, mix back adjusting pH5.5～7.5 fully, add many bacterial classifications multienzyme composite fermentation things such as Gymboree II type fermentation assistant, room temperature starts fermentation.After 36 hours, the activity of microorganism will raise more than the product temperature to 25 ℃ (anaerobic fermentation pond scale more than 1 ton), and south China, Central China does not need to heat especially general winter, and the covering and heat insulating layer gets final product.Ferment after 1 day, note turning over rake and mix, the suitably loose bed of material increases the output of microprotein, treats after 4～7 days that bubble rises when more weak, when crude protein content no longer rises, or rises when slow fermentation ends, flash baking.
The feed of embodiment four forced-feeding Lang De goose excrement preparation
The Lang De goose is used for producing delicious goose foie gras, contain still indigested in a large number corn, gelatinized corn starch etc. in the forced-feeding Lang De goose excrement, and a large amount of nitrogen substances, but 8 kinds of not enough balances of essential amino acid, if single goose manure fermentation, though the protein content of the feed of being produced may be very high, but it is lower to tire, and causes phenomenons such as the fowl poultry eats thinner and thinner.Vinasse are rich in methionine and important nutrient such as lysine, vitamin, and the two proper proportion is mixed, and can reach more excellent amino acid ligand ratio, increase feed and tire.Pretreated fresh forced-feeding goose excrement is mixed according to the ratio of 7: 3～9.5: 1 grades with vinasse, the ammonium sulfate of inorganic nitrogen-sourced adding 0.5%～2% (mass/volume) or diammonium hydrogen phosphate etc., (moisture is big more for the overall moisture content 40～60% of maintenance mixture, energy consumption is high more when dry), insert for example Gymboree fermentation-assisting agent II type of the commercially available mixed bacterium leavening agent of 1～10g/L, or (inoculum concentration are with reference to the specification) such as multienzyme composite ferments of other brands, also can insert for example Candida of the specified strain oneself cultivated, geotrichum candidum etc., anaerobism press mold or cover plate, the room temperature fermentation, about 4～7 days, bubble in detection ferment pond etc. and conjugated protein content, crude protein content detections etc. judge whether fermentation finishes.It is golden yellow that fermented product is, and distributing delicate fragrance, is good at causing appetite, operation such as should dry after the fermentation ends immediately, generally because of alcohol content about 1～4%, do not declare the dam etc. of directly feeding, in order to avoid cause alcoholism.And oven dry can be removed alcohol.
The oven dry preparation of embodiment five feeds
The feed that ferments adds calcium additives such as the bone meal of 1%-5% or Bei Fen, and 0%～5% wheat bran etc., according to the expectation shelf life of feed, feed is dried water content 3%～14%, bake out temperature should not surpass 100 ℃, in conjunction with the drying plant specification of being bought.According to the difference of the object of feeding, when packing or granulation, replenish specific amino acids, vitamin, trace element etc.Also can be used as feed addictive, granulate not necessarily.
Through the detection of Zhejiang Province Department of Agriculture, the feed part index number of the forced-feeding goose excrement mixing vinasse fermentation of being produced according to this law fermentation is as follows:
Table forced-feeding goose excrement mixing vinasse fermentation is produced the survey report of high protein feed
*：/％，**：/CFU·100g
-1.
As seen, the feed of producing according to this product meets national forage standard, is rich in methionine and lysine, and 8 kinds of essential amino acids, because glutamic acid content is higher, and delicious flavour, fowl poultry palatability is strong.
Feeding and effect of embodiment six feeds
Feed pork pig with the goose excrement feed that present embodiment three is developed, first three days replaces 10% conventional feed, 4-8 days, replace 30% conventional feed, do not have diarrhoea, after the apocleisis, 9-20 days, progressively replace 40% conventional feed, continuous 6 months, the result, compare with the normal diet of the conventional corn of feeding, wheat bran etc., experimental group is than control group weightening finish 2%, and the fur of experimental group is obviously more smooth, more physically strong, it is more active to seem in the hurdle.With feed sow 30 days of method, it is normally conceived not influence sow, and after stopping to feed 15 days, sow gives birth to 4 piggys smoothly, do not have obvious physiology and open defect etc., and our feed only is equivalent to 60% of control group feed cost.
The forced-feeding goose excrement vinasse fermentation feed that embodiment three is developed among the present invention of feeding is tested to laying hen, the following laying hen of 5 random chooses of experimental group, control group fed corn green vegetables etc., experimental group is identical with the green vegetables of control group, the corn quilt is the alternative cost feed progressively, up to substitution rate is 50%, fed hen Non Apparent Abnormality, the content of 8 kinds of essential amino acids of the egg that produces and total protein content and contrast no significant difference 30 days, in addition, no significant difference, the obvious attenuation of subcutaneous layer of fat are compared in hen weightening finish itself with control group, show that this feed helps the volume increase of meat egg, and the not loss of weight of losing weight.
The feed of present embodiment four of feeding is tested to milk cow, random choose 2 cow heads (with the same kind of control group), 10% the forced-feeding goose excrement vinasse fermentation feed that increased total feed weight in per 3 days substitutes stalk soya bean etc., reach 70% ratio up to this feed, over 40 days, the output of milk of milk cow increases by 8.3%, protein content increases by 2.35% in the milk, essential amino acid does not have significant difference, may be the active absorption rate that greatly promoted greenfeed of active beneficial microbe in the stomach of ox contained in the feed.
Attention: the feed that present technique is produced belongs to regenerative feedstuff, general not as corn etc. good to eat, need progressively in feed, to increase the content of this feed, generally need one to increase to transitional period of 30%～40% gradually by 10%, the bird of feeding should not surpass 50% of feed total amount, the Swine of feeding, can account for 50%～80% of daily ration to pork pig, to pregnant pig, can account for 30%～70%, can save feed cost more than 60%, for ruminants such as cattle and sheep, can account for feed 60～80% between, in a word, the feed that adopts present technique to produce, cost reduces greatly, and economic benefit is considerable.
At last, this technology is easy to amplify, and related equipment investment is little, need a fermentation vat, stirring pool, heating furnace, dryer, pulverizer is invested 400,000 yuan and just can be produced, cost of material is at 400～500 yuan/ton, and the market price of the corresponding feed of tiring of product is at 1500～2000 yuan/ton, and economic worth is considerable, suitable each large, medium and small plant utilizes to reserve for one's own use and founds the Workshop Production feed vacantly, both solve the brid guano pollution problem, improved industrial chain again, enlarged income.
Claims (7)
1. duck goose fecal deodorizing fixed nitrogen method, strong acid in it is characterized in that in fresh duck goose excrement, adding 0.5%～5% sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid etc. of (w/w than), both can neutralization of ammonia etc. basic nitrogen, reduce and run off, can kill the disease and pest in most goose excrement again, excess acid can be used alkali such as NaOH pH4.5～7.5 that neutralize.
2. duck goose ight soil and polynary bacterium Unareobic fermentation of mixing of vinasse, it comprises:
(1) feature duck goose ight soil and vinasse (comprise brewex's grains, distillers ' grains, yellow wine lees, grape vinasse and fruit wine are poor etc.) were according to ratio mixing in different 1: 1～9: 1.
(2) replenish nitrogenous source ammonium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate etc. 0.5～2%.
(3) other auxiliary materials add all impassable.
(4) water content 40～60%.
(5) add leavening, the room temperature anaerobic fermentation turned over rake after 1 day, and agitation as appropriate increases the output of mycoprotein, when crude protein content no longer rises, or rose when slow fermentation ends.
3. as claim 2 (2), institute adds nitrogenous source also can ammoniacal liquor, urea etc., and ratio does not wait.
4. as claim 2, vinasse can be from the filter residue of the clarification filtration of industries such as beer, liquor, yellow rice wine and grape wine, fruit wine or the residue after hanging wine (distillation).
5. as claim 2, duck goose ight soil can obtain from superalimentation, because of containing a large amount of starch, can or reduce interpolation vinasse etc.
6. as claim 2 (5), the fermentation-assisting agent that is added can be from commercial commodity such as Gymboree fermentation-assisting agent or other brands, also can be from the yeast of purebred cultivation voluntarily, geotrichum candidum, bacillus subtilis etc., inoculum concentration 0～4g/L or liquid inoculation 1～10% do not wait.
7. as claim 2, the product that obtains is rich in lysine, essential amino acids such as methionine, and salmonella, Escherichia coli etc. meets national standard.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102987108A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-03-27 | 凤台县瑞普农业发展有限公司 | Vinasse duck feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN105454721A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-06 | 全椒县王震家禽养殖专业合作社 | Method for preparing fish feed through harmless treatment of goose manure |
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| CN1073418A (en) * | 1991-12-21 | 1993-06-23 | 首都钢铁公司 | A kind of method that chicken manure is treated to odorless fertilizer or fodder additives |
| CN1303609A (en) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-07-18 | 刘根奇 | Method for producing animal feed by using chicken manure |
| CN1426693A (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-07-02 | 李印堂 | Technology of producing high protein feed using fresh hen dung |
| CN101011104A (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2007-08-08 | 徐建明 | Method for fermenting preparation of feed stuff by using faeces, plant straw and primary feed stuff |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1037260A (en) * | 1987-09-18 | 1989-11-22 | 天津市东郊农牧场 | Feces of livestock and poultry is converted into the method for animal feed |
| CN1073418A (en) * | 1991-12-21 | 1993-06-23 | 首都钢铁公司 | A kind of method that chicken manure is treated to odorless fertilizer or fodder additives |
| CN1303609A (en) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-07-18 | 刘根奇 | Method for producing animal feed by using chicken manure |
| CN1426693A (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-07-02 | 李印堂 | Technology of producing high protein feed using fresh hen dung |
| CN101011104A (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2007-08-08 | 徐建明 | Method for fermenting preparation of feed stuff by using faeces, plant straw and primary feed stuff |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102987108A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-03-27 | 凤台县瑞普农业发展有限公司 | Vinasse duck feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN102987108B (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2014-01-29 | 凤台县瑞普农业发展有限公司 | Vinasse duck feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN105454721A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-06 | 全椒县王震家禽养殖专业合作社 | Method for preparing fish feed through harmless treatment of goose manure |
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Application publication date: 20111116 |