CN102239044A - 粘合的塑料复合构件、用于制造该塑料复合构件的方法以及由该塑料复合构件制成的构件 - Google Patents

粘合的塑料复合构件、用于制造该塑料复合构件的方法以及由该塑料复合构件制成的构件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102239044A
CN102239044A CN2009801501550A CN200980150155A CN102239044A CN 102239044 A CN102239044 A CN 102239044A CN 2009801501550 A CN2009801501550 A CN 2009801501550A CN 200980150155 A CN200980150155 A CN 200980150155A CN 102239044 A CN102239044 A CN 102239044A
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China
Prior art keywords
plastic
flank
composite unit
plastic composite
profiled piece
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CN2009801501550A
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English (en)
Inventor
R·布拉姆布林克
U·格罗泽
F·多林
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Covestro Deutschland AG
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Bayer MaterialScience AG
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Publication of CN102239044A publication Critical patent/CN102239044A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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    • B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
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    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/434—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
    • B29C66/4344—Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/43441—Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces, H-shaped pieces
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/004—Mounting of windows
    • B60J1/007—Mounting of windows received in frames to be attached to vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J7/00—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs
    • B60J7/02—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs of sliding type, e.g. comprising guide shoes
    • B60J7/04—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs of sliding type, e.g. comprising guide shoes with rigid plate-like element or elements, e.g. open roofs with harmonica-type folding rigid panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J7/00—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs
    • B60J7/02—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs of sliding type, e.g. comprising guide shoes
    • B60J7/04—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs of sliding type, e.g. comprising guide shoes with rigid plate-like element or elements, e.g. open roofs with harmonica-type folding rigid panels
    • B60J7/043—Sunroofs e.g. sliding above the roof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/12—Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives
    • C08J5/124—Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives using adhesives based on a macromolecular component
    • C08J5/128—Adhesives without diluent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种塑料复合构件，其包括：塑料构件(1)，该塑料构件(1)包含肋部结构(2)；和与肋部相粘合的支撑异型件(4)，支撑异形部(4)利用其纵向棱边垂直地或近似垂直地位于塑料基体上。此外，本发明涉及一种用于制造这种复合构件的方法、以及包含作为组件的这种复合构件的成品。

Description

粘合的塑料复合构件、用于制造该塑料复合构件的方法以及由该塑料复合构件制成的构件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种塑料复合构件(Kunststoff-Verbundbauteil)，其包括：塑料构件，该塑料构件包含肋部结构；和与肋部相粘合(verkleben)的(多个)支撑异型件(Stützprofil)，支撑异型件利用窄的侧边位于塑料基体上。此外，本发明涉及一种用于制造这种复合构件的方法以及包含作为组件(Komponent)的这种复合构件的成品。
背景技术
从文件DE-A 101 49 633中已知一种用于制造由金属构件和塑料结构组成的复合构件的方法，在该方法中，借助于一个或多个接合工具(Fügewerkzeug)将金属构件(其具有至少一个带有至少一个冲压边缘(Stanzrand)或冲压凸缘(Stanzkragen)的面)和塑料结构压紧，其中，冲压边缘/凸缘以形状和力配合的方式穿入(eindringen)塑料结构中或穿透塑料结构。
例如，已知的复合构件或半成品由面延伸的
Figure BPA00001388486500011
复合件(Verbund)组成，在其中，例如借助于位于两个金属板材之间的塑料或塑料泡沫将两个金属板材连接成夹心(Sandwich)结构(参见文件EP489 320 A1、文件EP 285 974 A1以及文件EP 547 664 A2)。此外，存在用于制造带有位于外部的板材和位于内部的肋部结构的复合板的方法(见文件EP 775 573 A2)。此外，存在用于通过在工具(Werkzeug)中压制和注塑的组合连接板材的方法(文件EP 721 831 A1)。此外，还已知塑料/金属复合构件，在其中，通过肋部结构支撑金属板材(文件EP 370 342 A2)。在文件EP 1 235 675 A1中描述了这样的塑料复合构件，即，在其中，两个由不同的材料组成的平型的
Figure BPA00001388486500021
工件在其边缘区域中通过模制的塑料相互连接。
在以上描述的现有技术中，金属构件(大多数为板材)在离散的点处或同样在较大的面上以形状配合的方式与塑料相连接，由此应保证整个系统的最大的刚性。为了该目的，即使在粘合或焊接的情况中构件也尽可能固定地彼此连接，以用于避免在连接部位中的柔性，并且通过尽可能刚性的连结得到两个材料对的最大的力传递。然而，该性能在温度作用下是不利的，因为大多数情况下将带有不同热膨胀系数的材料联结，并且由此这导致整个复合件的挠曲(Verzug)。结果出现内应力，该内应力引起塑料构件的特性降低，例如其表现为应力裂纹(Spannungsriss)和/或整个构件的失效。在文件WO 1997/003855、文件EP 1 174 299 A2和文件US-A 4,881,773中描述了这样的方法，即，其应抵抗与挠曲的效果。
在文件US 703 7 568 B1中描述了这样的连接元件，即，其应承担这样的任务，即，将薄膜(例如由铝制成)与支撑的肋部结构相连接。在此，将连接元件的表面粘到膜处，在相对的侧边上，肋部的一侧边粘入连接元件的凹处中。在此，描述的肋部结构承担用于膜的支撑的基础功能，肋部结构通过第三元件(连接元件)与膜相连接。如此选择单个元件的材料，即，不出现不同的热膨胀。公开的构件的基本要素(Element)为，肋部分别既在其上侧边处又在其下侧边处插入(stecken)连接元件中，连接元件与包围的膜相连接。正是(erst)由此可承担有效的承载功能。
在文件DE 19842456 A1中描述了一种用于避免在(大面积的)塑料构件的层侧边上的凹陷部位(Einfallstelle)的方法。这借助于以双在组分注塑的方式安装的肋部实现。不设置与支撑异型件的连接。
在文件EP 1 488 958 A1中描述了用于连接由塑料和金属制成的用于装饰目的的构件的方法。然而未描述如在本发明中公开的那样金属件作为支撑异型件的金属部件的应用。
为了满足刚度要求或强度要求，附加地加强可动的顶板打开系统
Figure BPA00001388486500031
(不论由玻璃制成还是由塑料制成)。如今，在此，在已知的玻璃滑动顶板(Glasschiebedach)中将大面积的板异型件粘到滑动顶板下。事先通过冲压和/或拉深(Tiefziehen)制造板异型件。如果涉及透明的顶板系统，则不利地必须由板材冲压透光区域。这引起高的边角料(Verschnitt)。为了加强滑动顶板系统，如此使板异型件变形，即，产生空腔以用于提高面惯性矩。通过插入的板材体的大的面，该系统是重的。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的为，提供这样的塑料复合件，即，在塑料复合件的制造和使用中，不出现在塑料构件中的应力峰值或载荷峰值。应避免可导致构件挠曲和/或材料失效的内应力的出现，从而也可应用非晶的(amorphe)热塑性塑料和对应力裂纹敏感的塑料。通过有效的材料应用，强化的塑料复合构件应具有尽可能小的重量，并且为成本适宜的，并且可利用尽可能简单的方法制造。同时，尤其地在“A类”表面中加强结构不应引起在塑料构件上的可见的缺陷如在板材插入件(Blecheinlegeteil)中其可在注塑中产生的那样。
新型的强化的塑料复合件应适合用于在车辆玻璃窗(Automobilverscheibung)中的应用，尤其地用于大的全景顶板系统或可动的顶板打开系统，其具有以上提及的特性。
此外，本发明的目的为，提供用于制造新型地强化的塑料复合件的方法。
出人意料地，该目的可通过本发明实现，在本发明中，通过加强结构的特别的几何结构和使用结构粘合剂的组合避免局部的应力峰值，结构粘合剂作为用于将塑料和金属去联结(Entkopplung)的补偿层。
本发明的对象为由塑料构件K制成的塑料复合构件，塑料构件K包含平型的塑料基体G并且附加地在至少一个侧边上还包括肋部结构R，该肋部结构R包括至少一个肋部或至少一个肋部对，肋部结构R利用至少一个肋部面通过粘合技术如此与支撑异型件S的至少一个异型面相连接，即，支撑异型件利用其窄的侧边定位在塑料基体上或以轻微的间距定位在塑料基体之上。
此外，本发明的对象为用于制造这种复合构件的方法，以及包含作为组件的这种复合构件的成品。
在本发明的思想中“位于塑料基体上”表示，异型件的窄的侧边平行于塑料基体的面，或者以直接位于基体上的方式定位或者以相对于基体成轻微的间距的方式定位，如在图4a(直接位于基体上)和图4b(带有轻微的间距)中示例性地对于I异型件的应用而显示的那样。
在本发明的思想中，肋部对由两个并排延伸(laufen)的肋部组成，其中，该肋部的伸延可为彼此平行的或成变化的间距。在本发明的思想中，同样适用于肋部组的肋部的伸延，肋部组由两个或多个肋部组成。肋部对的共同拥有的肋部可具有与肋部结构(R)的所有肋部相同的或不同的高度。如果肋部结构R由多个肋部组组成，则适宜地，根据待期待的对成品的要求的高度和类型以及待粘入的支撑异型件的类型和高度决定该肋部组的数量和布置方案。在尤其优选的实施形式中，如此布置肋部组，即，使载荷分布到整个加强结构上，并且优选地，通过剪应力加载在尽可能大的长度上的粘合剂。
在优选的实施形式中，分别彼此平行地布置两个或多个肋部，在其它优选的实施形式中，两个或多个肋部在部分区域中凹地或凸地彼此伸延。
在另一优选的实施形式中，在肋部处存在引导肋部或支撑肋部和/或其它引导元件或保持元件以用于简化支撑异型件(S)的装配。
优选地，以注塑工艺或挤压工艺(Extrusionsverfahren)制造塑料构件(K)的基体(G)和肋部结构(R)，并且基体(G)和肋部结构(R)可由相同的材料或不同的材料组成。作为材料可考虑热塑性塑料。以聚酰胺(PA)、多元酯、尤其地聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚丁烯对苯二甲酸酯(PBT)、聚丙烯酸酯、尤其地聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚丁烯对苯二甲酸酯(PBT)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、间规的(syndiotaktisch)聚苯乙烯、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(ABS)、聚烯烃、尤其地聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、共聚碳酸酯(CoPC)、共聚多酯碳酸酯(Copolyestercarbonat)为基础的未强化的、强化的和/或填充的塑料或该塑料的混合物是尤其合适的。在优选的实施形式中，塑料为非晶的热塑性塑料，尤其地为聚碳酸酯、共聚碳酸酯、共聚多酯碳酸酯、PC混合物和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
尤其地，塑料构件K为固定地粘合的或甚至可动的机动车顶板模块，例如带有优选地0.5m2-1.5m2的面积的全景顶板，其具有宽度b(图4a)。在顶板模块中，宽度b为至少0.2m，优选地大于0.4m。优选地，通过注塑工艺制造这种顶板模块。也可使用带有大于0.5m2、优选地大于1m2的面积的相似的系统作为建筑玻璃窗(Architekturverscheibung)。优选地，通过挤压制造这种玻璃窗。
插入肋部结构中的支撑异型件S可为单件或多件式的。既可实心地又可以带有空腔、通道或类似者的方式加工支撑异型件S。在最简单的且优选的实施方案中，支撑异型件为I异型件、L异型件或T异型件。U异型件同样是可能的，例如，其也连接肋部对。支撑异型件可为封闭的异型件，例如矩形管。在该情况中，窄的和宽的侧边的几何结构可为相同的(见图7)。在相应的几何结构中，例如，支撑异型件可包含一个或多个通道，其可用于容纳缆线和软管或用于引导液体或气体。
在图4a中显示了在实施例中的复合构件的尺寸。
Figure BPA00001388486500051
在该几何结构中，支撑异型件可相应于肋部的面，从而插入的异型件具有与肋部(图4a，hR)相同的高度(图4a，hS)，然而，也可低于或高于肋部，从而如有可能支撑异型件伸出超过肋部或从肋部组伸出。在此，支撑异型件S的高度hS最高为肋部的高度hR的两倍，在另一实施形式中，支撑异型件S具有肋部的刚好一倍的高度。可如此实施支撑异型件的几何结构，即，其可承担其它功能例如作为固定元件。在该实情况中，在支撑异型件中已涉及带有超过简单的加强功能的特性的半成品。同样可如此实施支撑异型件，即，用于至少另一构件的力和/或形状配合的连接在支撑异型件的结构之上延伸。
肋部的高度hR相对于塑料基体G的宽度b的比例通常为至少1∶10、优选地1∶15并且尤其优选地1∶30。
根据本发明，支撑异型件的至少一个宽的侧边与肋部相粘合。异型件的窄的侧边SW(其背离塑料基体)或者嵌入肋部中或者保持自由。支撑异型件的窄的侧边SR(其朝向塑料基体)或者可以位于基体上的方式定位或者以相对于基体G成轻微的间距hR的方式定位，间距hR可为直至(bis zu)肋部高度的0.5倍。对于在图4a(直接位于基体上)和图4b(带有轻微的间距)中的I异型件，示例性地示出该两个实施形式。根据本发明，支撑异型件S与以上描述的塑料构件K(包含带有宽度b的塑料基体G和肋部结构R)中的刚好一个相连接。由此，异型件的宽的侧边和塑料基体的面彼此垂直或近似地垂直(成约70-110°的角度)。
支撑异型件S可由金属的纤维复合材料或陶瓷的材料制成。可通过碾压、冲裁、拉深、辊轧或其它给出形状的过程制造支撑异型件S。
优选地，由金属的材料制造支撑异型件。在尤其优选的实施形式中，支撑异型件为简单的由板材、优选地由钢、铁、钛、铝或镁或该金属的合金制成的加强异型件。在尤其优选的实施形式中，支撑异型件为轧制的带钢或铝碾压型材。
在其它实施形式中，异型件也可由陶瓷、热固性塑料或塑料复合材料组成。
为了粘合而使用的结构粘合剂可为商业上通用的粘合剂，例如在车辆工业中其用于粘合玻璃窗或板结构。既可应用湿式粘合剂、接触式粘合剂、热熔式粘合剂又可应用反应式粘合剂。带有不同的刚度的以聚氨酯为基础的单组分或双组分结构粘合剂尤其地适合用于该技术。然而，例如也可使用以丙烯酸/丙烯酸酯(Acrylat)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、硅或环氧树脂为基础的粘合剂。在肋部组中，粘合剂层可具有直至几毫米的厚度。通过对粘合剂层的柔性的要求并且由此通过复合构件的材料和几何结构以及对复合构件的要求预定粘合剂层的最小的厚度。通过在两个肋部(其通过粘合技术与支撑异型件相连接)之间的不同的间距，可调整粘合剂层的厚度，由此，可灵活地调整强化的类型和程度以及去联结。粘合剂也可为热塑地加工的热熔式粘合剂。在该情况中可能的是，在多组分注塑过程中将塑料、热熔式粘合剂和支撑异型件连接成复合构件。
粘合剂层的厚度与待期待的载荷相关。该厚度仅仅非直接地与构件的尺寸相关或与构件的尺寸无关。
在优选的实施形式中，粘合剂层的厚度在0.5-10mm之间，在尤其优选的实施形式中在1-5mm之间。
如有可能，粘合剂或弹性的连接材料也可还附加地进入形状配合的连接。在复合构件之间更小的相对运动时，粘合剂用作复合元件和去联结元件。由粘合剂面大面积地且不是以点的方式继续传递高的载荷，从而在构件中不出现应力峰值并且不出与此相关的缺点。
本发明的另一对象为用于制造这种塑料复合构件的方法，其中，借助于单组份、双组份或多组分注塑工艺或挤压工艺制造包含基体和包含至少一个肋部或至少一个肋部对的肋部结构的塑料构件，并且此外，通过粘合技术使支撑异型件的至少一个面与至少一个肋部面相连接。如果支撑异型件与两个邻近的肋部相连接，则可首先将支撑异型件插入肋部之间，并且紧接着粘人支撑异型件。同样可能的是，首先将粘合剂压到肋部之间并且紧接着插入支撑异型件。
这种塑料复合构件的另一可能的制造方法为多组分注塑工艺，在其中，支撑异型件已经插入相应的形状中，并且注塑塑料以及承担粘合剂功能的热塑性的弹性体。
根据本发明的复合构件具有的优点为，对支撑异型件的几何结构提出非常低的要求。可插入简单的加强板材，通过粘合剂层的厚度可平衡公差偏差。通过简单的几何结构不产生材料边角料，并且通过支撑异型件和基体的主面的垂直的布置需要更少的(weniger)支撑异型件。一方面，由于支撑异型件的更小的材料成本和更小的制造成本这意味着成本效率，另一方面意味着成品的重量减小。借助于粘合剂层，出现的载荷大面积地且均匀地分布在塑料中，从而不出现应力峰值。由此，新的技术也使利用金属异型件的由非晶的热塑性塑料制成的构件的加强成为可能。通过肋部几何结构和粘合剂层厚度可非常灵活地调整强化的类型和程度以及去联结。通过粘合剂层的阻尼的特性，抑制了振动和噪声。
根据本发明的强化的塑料构件例如可用作在车辆制造、飞机制造、列车制造或轮船制造中的构件或构件组件，或在制造家用器械(Haushaltsgegenstand)、设备或电气设备时使用。应用例为建筑玻璃窗(建筑物玻璃窗)和车辆玻璃窗(汽车玻璃窗)，在此尤其地为顶板模块如全景顶板。其它可能的应用方案为机动车车身侧边板、车辆座椅壳(Autositzschale)和用于家具(例如椅子和桌子)的塑料构件。
在优选的实施形式中，使用塑料复合构件用于制造车辆玻璃窗，尤其地用于大的全景顶板系统或可动的顶板打开系统。
对于制造车辆玻璃窗，支撑异型件优选地具有0.5-5mm、尤其优选地0.8-3mm的壁厚。
在此描述的系统可对顶板系统的重量减小做出贡献。
在实施例中，根据本发明的以双组分注塑工艺制造的构件由由透明的塑料(例如聚碳酸酯)组成的透明的组分和由另一塑料(例如PC混合物)组成的第二组分制成，并且在待强化的区域中包含喷注(anspritzen)的肋部对。这可在高度上利用最大的可用使用的结构空间。紧接着，在大多数情况中，在注塑过程中利用涂漆系统涂覆该构件。通常的涂漆系统在温度作用下硬化。在涂漆之后或之前将支撑异型件插入到基体的肋部对之间，并且通过位于肋部之间的支撑肋部保持在位置中。现可在标准粘合方法中(如其用于机动车玻璃窗或车身构件的粘合)将支撑异型件与基体相粘合。紧接着，可通过已经位于支撑异型件中的孔实现滑移运动部(Verschiebekinematik)的装配。以方法的该方式，力被引导到支撑异型件中而不引导到热塑性的基体中。
通过与至今为止通用的根据传统方法的平行地装配的加强板材相比垂直于顶板面的支撑异型件的更小的重量，可实现直至加强部的50％的重量减小。
根据本发明的系统显示出在热作用下的尤其的柔性。如果热塑性的基体膨胀，则刚性地联结的加强系统可导致组件的挠曲。在此应用的非常厚的粘合剂可允许在基体和加强异型件之间的相对运动，并且减小挠曲。通过支撑异型件的垂直位置、粘合连接的分别大的长度以及在推动的情况下优选的载荷传递，该系统仍然具有高的整体刚度。附加地，还可附加地通过分别匹配的粘合剂厚度和粘合剂刚度定制该刚度。
通过根据本发明的方法可制造这样的复合件，即，其不具有表面缺陷，尤其地，这对于“A类”要求来说是重要的。
附图说明
附图应示例性地进一步解释本发明，然而不将本发明限制于这些实施形式。其中：
图1以等轴的视图显示了复合构件的截面，复合构件带有基体(1)，以热塑的注塑件制造该基体(1)。垂直于基体(1)模制有两个平行地伸延的肋部(2)。支撑异型件(4)插到两个肋部(2)之间，并且借助于结构粘合剂(3)与肋部(2)相连接。在该实施方案中，肋部(2)分别具有相同的高度。以I异型件的形式的支撑异型件(4)具有更大的高度并且从肋部(2)之间伸出。
图2以俯视图显示了复合构件的截面。在此显示的实施方式具有与图1不同的彼此不平行地伸延的肋部(2)。在该实施形式中，肋部(2)相对于彼此凸地伸延，从而结构粘合剂(3)在中央具有较厚的区域。
图3以俯视图显示了复合构件的截面。在此显示的实施方式具有与图1不同的彼此不平行地伸延的肋部(2)。在该实施形式中，肋部(2)相对于彼此凹地伸延，从而结构粘合剂(3)在中央具有较薄的区域。
图4a以横截面显示了图1的复合构件。在此，肋部(2)和支撑异型件(4)的不同的高度为尤其显著的，在该实施方案变型中支撑异型件(4)具有I异型件的形状。
图4b显示了与图4a相似的复合构件，然而在此，I异型件以相对于塑料基体成轻微的间距的方式定位。
图5以横截面显示了与图4相似的复合构件。在该实施方案变型中，不仅支撑异型件(4)而且肋部(2)具有相同的高度。
图6以横截面显示了复合构件。在该实施方案变型中，利用结构粘合剂(3)将作为T异型的支撑异型件(4)粘合到肋部(2)处以用于加强。
图7以横截面显示了复合构件。在该实施方案变型中，使用矩形横截面的空心异型件作为支撑异型件(4)。可使用朝向侧边封闭的通道用于容纳缆线或软管或用于引导介质(例如气体或液体)。
具体实施方式
下面根据在其中描述了由根据本发明的复合构件制造根据本发明的顶板模块的另一实施例进一步解释本发明。
在该实施例中，根据本发明的以双组分注塑工艺制造的构件由包含透明的塑料(在该示例中为聚碳酸酯)的透明的组分制成。第二组分由第二塑料(在该示例中为聚碳酸酯混合物)组成。在合适的注塑机械上执行在此描述的双组分注塑，注塑机械配备有转台工具(Wendeplattenwerkzeug)。
在第一工作步骤中，以注射压塑方法将适合注塑加工的聚碳酸酯(例如，Makrolon
Figure BPA00001388486500112
 AG 2677)加工成带有600mm×800mm的尺寸的板，以用于加工无内应力的构件。在注塑带有5mm的壁厚的第一组分之后，工具打开并旋转。在此，刚才注射的第一组分保留在转台的空腔中并且相应地一起旋转。在另一步骤中，通过在相对的侧边上的第二注塑单元将另一热塑性的塑料喷射到第一组分上。第二组分的塑料染成黑色，并且由PC/ABS混合物(例如Bayblend
Figure BPA00001388486500113
T95MF)组成。不将第二组分完全地喷射到第一组分上，而是仅仅以环绕的框架的形式喷射到第一组分上，框架在中央保留透明的透光区域。由透明的聚碳酸酯制成的板和环绕的第二组分(其具有200mm的宽度和2.5mm的厚度)共同表示基体G。在第二染成黑色的组分中，在相同的注塑步骤中构造肋部结构R。
为了避免在相对的侧边处的凹陷部位，肋部具有相对于基体G(第二组分)的适宜的厚度比。肋部具有在肋部根部处的约2mm的厚度，并且具有15mm的高度。如在图1中示出的那样，在该实施例中制造平行地伸延的肋部。
肋部对分别既前后地又左右地在顶板的外侧边处伸延。在该实施例中，肋部对布置成彼此成直角但不相互连接。在其它实施例中，肋部对可在角部区域中相互连接。在该实施例中，需要四个单独的支撑异型件，对于肋部对彼此相遇(treffen)的情况甚至可使用仅仅一个支撑异型件，其以环绕的方式引入到肋部之间。
在前部和后部的区域中，引入的支撑异型件主要用作加固顶板。在侧边向的区域中的右边和左边，顶板的引导运动部(Führungskinematik)装配到支撑异型件处，对于该情况支撑异型件具有配合的孔和缺口(Durchbruch)，以用于建立于顶板框架的连接。紧接着可通过已存在支撑异型件中的孔实现滑移运动部的装配。在方法的方式中，将力引导到支撑异型件中而不引导到热塑性的基体中。
从支撑异型件(图1，编号4)和粘合剂(图1，编号2)(其置于肋部之间)的厚度得到肋部(图1，编号3)的间距。在此，用于可动的顶板盖(Dachdeckel)的支撑异型件(在此由钢板制成的I异型件)的厚度为1.5mm，并且粘合剂在两侧具有3mm厚度。相对于肋部的内面，从粘合剂和支撑异型件的厚度得到肋部间距为7.5mm。通过注塑，垂直于肋部构造小的支撑肋部。该支撑肋部垂直于肋部，并且指向肋部对的肋部中间空间。在壁厚为0.5mm时，支撑肋部的高度约为肋部高度的1/3。在装配的时刻(在该时刻尚未在肋部之间引入粘合剂)，支撑肋部用作支撑异型件的定位。
接着注塑过程，利用涂漆系统涂覆该构件，以用于提高表面的抗划伤强度和抗UV性。在此，肋部的中间空间保持不涂漆。通常的涂漆系统在温度作用下硬化。在涂漆之后，将支撑异型件(带有1.5mm的壁厚的板条(Blechstreife))插入基体的支撑肋部对之间并固定在支撑肋部对之间。现在在标准粘合方法(如其用于粘合机动车玻璃窗或车身构件那样)中可将支撑异型件与肋部相粘合。在该实施例中，支撑异型件插到肋部对之间，通过支撑肋部保持就位，并且在肋部和支撑异型件之间保留的中间空间中引入双组分聚氨酯粘合剂。在备选的实施例中，也可首先将粘合剂引入肋部对之间。随后将支撑异型件压入肋部之间。
相对于带有标准的加强的顶板模块，根据本发明的机动车顶板模块具有明显降低的重量。

Claims (15)

1.一种由塑料构件K制成的塑料复合构件，所述塑料构件K包含平型的塑料基体G并且附加地在至少一个侧边上还包括肋部结构R，该肋部结构R包括至少一个肋部或至少一个肋部对，所述肋部结构R利用至少一个肋部面通过粘合技术如此与支撑异型件S的至少一个异型面相连接，即，所述支撑异型件利用其窄的侧边定位在所述塑料基体上或以轻微的间距定位在所述塑料基体之上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的塑料复合构件，其特征在于，所述支撑异形部与刚好一个塑料构件K相连接，或多个支撑异形部S与刚好一个塑料构件K相连接。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的塑料复合构件，其特征在于，所述肋部结构的高度相对于所述塑料基体G的宽度b的比例为至少1∶10、优选地1∶15并且尤其优选地1∶30。
4.根据权利要求1所述的塑料复合构件，其特征在于，粘合剂由以聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂或硅为基础的粘合剂制造。
5.根据权利要求1所述的塑料复合构件，其特征在于，粘合剂层具有0.5-10mm的厚度。
6.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的塑料复合构件，其特征在于，所述支撑异形部为由从钢、铁、钛、铝、镁中选择的金属或由包含所述金属中的至少一个的合金制成的金属板材。
7.根据权利要求1所述的塑料复合构件，其特征在于，所述塑料构件由非晶的热塑性的塑料制成。
8.根据权利要求5所述的塑料复合构件，其特征在于，所述塑料构件包括从以下组中选择的一种或多种塑料，所述组包括聚碳酸酯、共聚碳酸酯、共聚多酯碳酸酯、PC混合物及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
9.根据权利要求1所述的塑料复合构件，其特征在于，在所述肋部或所述肋部对处还安装有其它支撑及保持元件。
10.根据权利要求1所述的塑料复合构件，其特征在于，所述支撑异型件为带有超过加强功能的特性的半成品。
11.根据权利要求8所述的塑料复合构件，其特征在于，所述支撑异型件附加地可承担固定功能。
12.一种用于制造根据权利要求1所述的塑料复合构件的方法，其特征在于，通过单组分、双组份或多组分注塑制造所述塑料基体和所述肋部结构，或通过挤压制造所述塑料基体和所述肋部结构。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用于制造塑料复合构件的方法，其特征在于，以多组分注塑工艺制造整个塑料复合构件，其中，将所述支撑异型件插入到工具中。
14.一种根据权利要求1所述的塑料复合构件的用途，其用于制造车辆或建筑玻璃窗、并且尤其地用于制造机动车顶板模块。
15.一种车辆或建筑玻璃窗、尤其地机动车顶板模块，其包含至少一个作为构件组件的根据权利要求1所述的塑料复合构件。
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Application publication date: 20111109