CN102219572B - Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102219572B CN102219572B CN2011101030142A CN201110103014A CN102219572B CN 102219572 B CN102219572 B CN 102219572B CN 2011101030142 A CN2011101030142 A CN 2011101030142A CN 201110103014 A CN201110103014 A CN 201110103014A CN 102219572 B CN102219572 B CN 102219572B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to a biological organic fertilizer adopting microbial fermentation and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: firstly uniformly mixing pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure, grass carbon, vegetable cake, sawdust and bran according to weight proportion, then adding biological active water with certain concentration, stirring uniformly, and simultaneously regulating pH to be 6.9-8.9 to start fermentation, overturning every 2-7 days after stacking (when the temperature in the stack can reach 55 DEG C), then stacking in a concentrated way for fermentation again until fermentation maturing is finished (the total time is 7-15 days), namely, the temperature does not rise any more; and drying, smashing, screening and packing the obtained material when the water content is lower than 20 percent, thus obtaining the product. The organic fertilizer not only can improve soil, replace chemical fertilizers, cause yield of crops to be increased and improve crop quality, but also can reduce the content of harmful element, eliminate pesticide residue in soil, and can improve saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bio-organic fertilizer of a kind of microbial fermentation and preparation method thereof, belong to the bio-organic fertilizer technical field.
Technical background
China is a large agricultural country, and more than 20 hundred million mu of farm crop farming areas are arranged, and year needs more than 1.4 hundred million ton in fertilizer.Because the China's agricultural development level is inhomogeneous, mostly agricultural crops is to rely on chemical fertilizer at present, show that according to pertinent data the average consumption of China's chemical fertilizer is respectively 2.4 times of the U.S., Canadian 4.4 times, Australian 8.6 times, Muscovite 9 times, a large amount of uses of chemical fertilizer have brought good harvest to agriculture production, but it causes the serious decay of natural fertility of soil and food, environmental pollution, and further relates to human beings'health.In order to develop green organic products, rationally use fertilizer, to increase soil fertility, rehabilitating soil changes physicochemical property and crumb structure, strengthens the soil colony balance, and the research of biological organic fertilizer and application are subjected to the attention of countries in the world day by day.But most organic matter and nutrient content are not high in the organic fertilizer of China's production at present and use, the beneficial microorganism comparatively small amt, therefore people's new departure of postgraduate's organic fertilizer constantly, seek to improve the product innovation of crop yield and quality, not only be of value to the healthy of people, also meet the requirement that China builds a Harmonious Society.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of bioactive water and other agricultural byproducts tankage of utilizing are provided, and cow dung, peat etc. is main raw material, prepares the method for bio-organic fertilizer.Good by organic fertilizer stability, adaptability that this method makes, and it can improve crop yield and quality, degraded residues of harmful substances amount, it can be improved the soil simultaneously, increases soil fertility, and changes the physicochemical property of soil.
The preparation method of bio-organic fertilizer provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-treatment of raw material: with pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung, the peat composed of rotten mosses, dish cake, sawdust, wheat bran with 5～40%: 5～50%: 5～40%: 5～15%: 5～10%: 5～35%: 5～10% weight ratio mixes makes mixture, add concentration then and be 5%～50% bioactive water: 1～20%, simultaneously pH is transferred to 6.9～8.9;
(2) fermentation stage: the mixture that will add bioactive water is stacked and is begun fermentation, stacks the back every turning at least one times in 2～7 days (when temperature reaches 55 ℃ in the heap), moisture evaporation and oxygen supply in the promotion solid fermentation
(3) fermentation (also claiming Secondary Fermentation) again: during above-mentioned fermentation ends, also contain 25～35% the moisture content of having an appointment in the material, concentrate after the turning to stack and ferment again, finish until the fermentation slaking, be that temperature no longer raises, moisture content is below 20%, during the lifeless matter toxic action.
(4) post-processing stages: the resulting material of step 3 by dry, pulverizing, screening, packing, is the finished product.
Bioactive water in the described step (1) is the strength of utilizing mineral substance, vegetable mould and soil microorganisms in the organic sphere, with organic sewage by the air supporting reactor, and then the elementary removal of impurities of application complex microbial community, elementary decomposition, aerobic microbiological, aerobic-anaerobic microbe, anaerobion fermentation are decomposed, and the decomposition of secondary aerated fermentation, condensation, filtration form the process of the finished product.Its product property is as follows: COD≤120mg/L, EC are 0.217ds/m, and the pH value is 6.5～8.5, and total nitrogen is about 150mg/L, and total phosphorus is about 15mg/L, tawny liquid.Also contain beneficial microbe colonies such as a large amount of light and bacterium, actinomycetes, milk-acid bacteria, yeast in this product, this flora comes from organic sphere, and vitality is strong.
The heap position of stacking mixture in the described step (2) and forming is more than or equal to 10 cubic metres, and height is at 1～3 meter;
Behind the organic fertilizer fermentation maturity, it contains flora quantity and surpasses 500,000,000/gram in the described step (3);
Organic fertilizer fermentation total time is 7～15 days in described step (2) and (3)
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1, the organic fertilizer quality height of the present invention's production.It is wide to the adaptability scope of fermentation raw material that the bioactive water that utilizes is rich in beneficial microbe colony, stable flora, and fermented quality is stable;
2, fermentation method for producing of the present invention is easy, and the required equipment investment is little, is easy to promote and large-scale production.The present invention is with agricultural byproducts tankage, pig manure, and the mud the like waste is raw material, and through Secondary Fermentation, the waste that step-down is worth is high-quality microbial organic fertilizer, and raw material sources are extensive, and are cheap.
3, the organic fertilizer effect for preparing of the present invention is good.Not only can improve the soil, substitute chemical fertilizer, make crop yield and improve crop quality, and can reduce harmful element content, eliminate the soil pesticide residue, and can improve the saltings.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is bioactive water producing apparatus synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is bio-organic fertilizer manufacturing process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment provides a kind of equipment of making bioactive water, as shown in Figure 1, comprises air-float filtration pond 1, adjustment pond 2, fermentation decomposing pool 3, aeration and biological pond 4, product retention basin 5, and above-mentioned each pond interconnects successively.
Air-float filtration pond 1 is provided with air-float filtration equipment 14, and there are mud 8 and microorganism species 10 in inside, and this pond has porous barrier 11 to be connected with adjustment pond 2 apart from bottom 1～3m place; Adjust in the pond 2 a microorganism generating unit 6 is arranged; Fermentation decomposing pool 3 communicates with each other by porous barrier 11 and adjustment pond 2 and aeration tank 4; Aeration tank 4 by glass fibre non-woven filter plate 7 with the unpowered product retention basin 5 of sending into of the finished product; Wherein mud 8, microorganism species 10, volcanics 9 and aerator 15 are distributed in adjustment 2, fermentation decomposing pool 3, aeration tank 4, the product retention basin 5; Blower fan 12 is housed in reaction tank outside, by air duct 13 is step air is sent in above-mentioned each pond.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment provides a kind of method of making bioactive water, may further comprise the steps successively:
(1) organic sewage is entered air-float filtration pond 1, air-float filtration equipment 14 is scraped scum silica frost, discharges scum silica frost, is produced microbubble, and wherein the amount of microorganism species 10 in sewage is 300～3000mg/L, and this process COD clearance is 5～20%.With the sewage of preliminary treatment, the dividing plate 11 by porous enters adjusts pond 2.
(2) will flow into the sewage of adjusting pond 2, effect by factors such as air duct 13, mud 8, blower fan 12 and aerators 15, oxygen in the sewage is promoted to 1～2.5mg/L, it is 3000～8000mg/L that regulating and controlling microbial generation equipment produces the amount of microorganism in sewage, make COD under the condition of step (1) by this process, further remove 10～30%, wherein hydraulic detention time is 5～10 days.
(3) will flow into the sewage of fermentation decomposing pool 3 by porous barrier 11, under the effect of volcanics 9, mud 8, aerator 15 and microorganism species 10, make the COD clearance of organic waste water reach 20～30%, wherein the amount of microorganism in sewage is 3000～10000mg/L, and hydraulic detention time is 5～12 days.
(4) aeration tank (4), the sewage that from step (3), flows into through porous barrier 11, under the effect of volcanics 9, mud 8 and microorganism species 10, carry out biological respinse, make the COD clearance reach 20～30%, wherein the amount of microorganism in sewage is 3000～12000mg/L, and hydraulic detention time is 5～10 days.
(5) retention basin 5, the processing water that from step (4), flows into through glass fibre non-woven filter plate 7, under the effect of microorganism species 10, mud 8, volcanics 9 and aerator 15, by further decomposing the COD≤120mg/L that makes sewage in the aeration tank, wherein the amount of microorganism in sewage is 500～5000mg/L, makes the performance of water of final generation more stable, and microorganism more still keeps, wherein hydraulic detention time is after 5～10 days, and having produced the finished product is bioactive water.The biological activity aqueous nature is as follows: COD≤120mg/L, EC are 0.217ds/m, and the pH value is 6.5～8.5, and total nitrogen is 150mg/L, and total phosphorus is 15mg/L, tawny liquid.Bioactive water contains beneficial microbe colonies such as a large amount of light and bacterium, actinomycetes, milk-acid bacteria, yeast, and this flora comes from organic sphere, and vitality is strong, and the growth of the movable secondary metabolite confrontation organism that produces of this flora has promoter action.
Described method of disposing of sewage, the pH value of the organic sewage described in the step (1) is 5～10.5, range of reaction temperature is 4～35 ℃, optimal reaction temperature is 16～30 ℃, required air-float filtration equipment 14 can be selected according to the size of the amount of entering of disposing of sewage, and air-float filtration equipment hydraulic detention time is 30～60min.
Described method of disposing of sewage, the main microorganism species that produces of microorganism generation equipment (6) described in the step (2) is the strength by the mineral substance in the organic sphere, vegetable mould and soil microorganisms, organic sewage is carried out intermittent aeration, through long-term practice, the superior microorganism flora that domestication, primary election, multiple sieve, the activation that soil microorganisms is carried out obtains.Wherein form to percentagewise and be yeast 1～30%, milk-acid bacteria 1～10%, actinomycetes 1～15%, denitrifying bacterium 5～20%, nitrobacteria 5～20%, oxidation bacterium 1～15%, light and bacterium 5～20%, ammonia genus bacillus 10～30%, Ammonifying bacteria 1～15%, false monospore bacillus 1～10%.Above microorganism combination is under the prior art condition, selects different microorganism combinations according to different sewage, constitutes the complex microorganism that is suitable for handling such sewage.
Described method of disposing of sewage, the aeration intensity described in the step (3) is for to be promoted to 1.5～3.5mg/L with the oxygen in the sewage.
Described method of disposing of sewage, the aeration intensity described in the step (4) is for to be promoted to 1.5～3.5mg/L with the oxygen in the sewage.
Described method of disposing of sewage, aeration intensity described in the step (5) is for to be promoted to 1～2.5mg/L with the oxygen in the sewage, every 5～10 days according to return sludge ratio, mud in the product retention basin is back to adjusts pond 2 and air supporting filtering basin 1, to keep adjusting in the pond mud and microorganism to the bearing capacity of organic sewage; In addition unnecessary mud is back to the air-float filtration pond, discharges by the effect of air-float filtration equipment 14.
Above-mentioned return sludge ratio: calculate according to formula (1):
In the formula: r is return sludge ratio, and MLSS is that retention basin mixes a mouthful solids concn (mg/L), and RSSS is mud backflow concentration (mg/L).
Mud bearing capacity wherein: every kg mud can treatments B OD in every day
5The kilogram number, by formula calculate (2):
F is sludge loading (kg (BOD
5)/kg (active sludge) d), N is mixed solution sludge concentration (g/L), L
1Be water inlet BOD (mg/L), L
2Be water outlet BOD (mg/L) that Q is sewage quantity (m
3/ h), V is reaction tank useful volume (m
3).
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment provides a kind of method method of utilizing above-mentioned bioactive water to make bio-organic fertilizer, pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung, the peat composed of rotten mosses, dish cake, sawdust, wheat bran are added 5%: 30%: 15% respectively: 15%: 5%: 15%: 10% weight ratio mixes makes mixture, spray concentration is 15% bioactive water 5% then, simultaneously pH is transferred between 6.9～8.9; The mixture that adds bioactive water stacked begin fermentation, stack mixture and 25 cubic metres of the heap positions that form, 3 meters of height.Stack the back every turning in 2～7 days once (when temperature reaches 50 ℃ in the heap), ferment, ferment again, finish until slaking.The resultant material that becomes thoroughly decomposed by dry, pulverizing, screening, packing, is the finished product.
Embodiment 4
Present embodiment provides a kind of method of utilizing above-mentioned bioactive water to make bio-organic fertilizer, pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung, the peat composed of rotten mosses, dish cake, sawdust, wheat bran are added 10%: 15%: 20% respectively: 15%: 10%: 10%: 10% weight percent mixes makes mixture, spray concentration is 10% bioactive water 10% then, simultaneously pH is transferred between 6.9～8.9; The mixture that adds bioactive water stacked begin fermentation, stack mixture and 10 cubic metres of the heap positions that form, 2 meters of height.Stack the back every turning at least one times in 2～7 days (when temperature reaches 50 ℃ in the heap), ferment, fermentation is finished until slaking again, and behind the organic fertilizer fermentation maturity, it contains flora quantity and surpasses 500,000,000/gram, and organic fertilizer fermentation total time is 10 days.The resultant material that becomes thoroughly decomposed by dry, pulverizing, screening, packing, is the finished product.
Embodiment 5
Present embodiment provides a kind of method of utilizing above-mentioned bioactive water to make bio-organic fertilizer, with pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung, the peat composed of rotten mosses, dish cake, sawdust, wheat bran with 30%: 18%: 20%: 5%: 15%: 7%: 5% weight percent mixes made mixture, spray concentration is 5% bioactive water 2% then, simultaneously pH is transferred to 6.9～8.9; The mixture that adds bioactive water stacked begin fermentation, stack mixture and 15 cubic metres of the heap positions that form, 3 meters of height.Stack the back every turning at least one times in 2～7 days (when temperature reaches 50 ℃ in the heap), ferment, fermentation is finished until slaking again, and behind the organic fertilizer fermentation maturity, it contains flora quantity and surpasses 500,000,000/gram, and organic fertilizer fermentation total time is 11 days.The resultant material that becomes thoroughly decomposed by dry, pulverizing, screening, packing, is the finished product.
Embodiment 6
Present embodiment provides a kind of method of utilizing above-mentioned bioactive water to make bio-organic fertilizer, with pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung, the peat composed of rotten mosses, dish cake, sawdust, wheat bran with 35%: 40%: 5%: 5%: 5%: 5%: 5% weight percent mixes made mixture, spray concentration is 50% bioactive water 2% then, simultaneously pH is transferred to 6.9～8.9; The mixture that adds bioactive water stacked begin fermentation, stack mixture and 19 cubic metres of the heap positions that form, 3 meters of height.Stack the back every turning at least one times in 2～7 days (when temperature reaches 50 ℃ in the heap), ferment, fermentation is finished until slaking again, and behind the organic fertilizer fermentation maturity, it contains flora quantity and surpasses 500,000,000/gram, and organic fertilizer fermentation total time is 14 days.The resultant material that becomes thoroughly decomposed by dry, pulverizing, screening, packing, is the finished product.
Embodiment 7
Present embodiment provides a kind of method of utilizing above-mentioned bioactive water to make bio-organic fertilizer, with pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung, the peat composed of rotten mosses, dish cake, sawdust, wheat bran with 5%: 5%: 40%: 15%: 15%: 5%: 5% weight percent mixes made mixture, spray concentration is 10% bioactive water 10% then, simultaneously pH is transferred to 6.9～8.9; The mixture that adds bioactive water stacked begin fermentation, stack mixture and 20 cubic metres of the heap positions that form, 3 meters of height.Stack the back every turning at least one times in 2～7 days (when temperature reaches 50 ℃ in the heap), ferment, fermentation is finished until slaking again, and behind the organic fertilizer fermentation maturity, it contains flora quantity and surpasses 500,000,000/gram, and organic fertilizer fermentation total time is 13 days.The resultant material that becomes thoroughly decomposed by dry, pulverizing, screening, packing, is the finished product.
Embodiment 8
Present embodiment provides a kind of method of utilizing above-mentioned bioactive water to make bio-organic fertilizer, with pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung, the peat composed of rotten mosses, dish cake, sawdust, wheat bran with 5%: 10%: 15%: 15%: 10%: 35%: 10% weight percent mixes made mixture, spray concentration is 10% bioactive water 10% then, simultaneously pH is transferred to 6.9～8.9; The mixture that adds bioactive water stacked begin fermentation, stack mixture and 11 cubic metres of the heap positions that form, 3 meters of height.Stack the back every turning at least one times in 2～7 days (when temperature reaches 50 ℃ in the heap), ferment, fermentation is finished until slaking again, and behind the organic fertilizer fermentation maturity, it contains flora quantity and surpasses 500,000,000/gram, and organic fertilizer fermentation total time is 12 days.The resultant material that becomes thoroughly decomposed by dry, pulverizing, screening, packing, is the finished product.
The biological organic fertilizer that the present invention produces is used in planting bases such as vegetables, flowers, fruit, proves the fertilizer efficiency height of its fertilizer, plant absorbing is fast, soil should be good; Vegetables, flowers, fruit equal yield line and quality improve.Wherein, vegetables reach the standard of Organic food.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) pre-treatment of raw material: with pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung, the peat composed of rotten mosses, dish cake, sawdust, wheat bran with 5～40%: 5～50%: 5～40%: 5～15%: 5～10%: 5～35%: 5～10% weight percent mixes makes mixture, add concentration then and be 5%～50% bioactive water: 1～20%, simultaneously pH is transferred to 6.9～8.9;
(2) fermentation stage: the mixture that will add bioactive water is stacked and is begun fermentation, stacks the back every turning at least one times in 2～7 days, promotes moisture evaporation and oxygen supply in the solid fermentation;
(3) fermentation again: during above-mentioned fermentation ends, concentrate after the turning to stack and ferment again, finish until the fermentation slaking;
(4) post-processing stages: the resulting material of step 3 by dry, pulverizing, screening, packing, is the finished product;
The manufacture method of described bioactive water may further comprise the steps successively:
A1 enters air-float filtration pond (1) with organic sewage, and air-float filtration equipment (14) is scraped scum silica frost, discharges scum silica frost, produced microbubble, and wherein the amount of microorganism species (10) in sewage is 300～3000mg/L, and this process COD clearance is 5～20%; With the sewage of preliminary treatment, the dividing plate (11) by porous enters adjusts pond (2);
A2 will flow into the sewage of adjusting pond (2), effect by air duct (13), mud (8), blower fan (12) and aerator (15), oxygen in the sewage is promoted to 1～2.5mg/L, it is 3000～8000mg/L that regulating and controlling microbial generation equipment produces the amount of microorganism in sewage, make COD under the condition of steps A 1 by this process, further remove 10～30%, wherein hydraulic detention time is 5～10 days;
A3 will flow into the sewage of fermentation decomposing pool (3) by porous barrier (11), under the effect of volcanics (9), mud (8), aerator (15) and microorganism species (10), make the COD clearance of organic waste water reach 20～30%, wherein the amount of microorganism in sewage is 3000～10000mg/L, and hydraulic detention time is 5～12 days;
A4 flows into the sewage of aeration tank (4) through porous barrier (11) from steps A 3, under the effect of volcanics (9), mud (8) and microorganism species (10), carry out biological respinse, make the COD clearance reach 20～30%, wherein the amount of microorganism in sewage is 3000～12000mg/L, and hydraulic detention time is 5～10 days;
A5 flows into the processing water of retention basin (5) through glass fibre non-woven filter plate (7) from steps A 4, under the effect of microorganism species (10), mud (8), volcanics (9) and aerator (15), in the aeration tank, further decompose the COD≤120mg/L that makes sewage, wherein the amount of microorganism in sewage is 500～5000mg/L, wherein hydraulic detention time is after 5～10 days, and having produced the finished product is bioactive water.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the biological activity aqueous nature in the described step (1) is as follows: COD≤120mg/L, EC are 0.217ds/m, and the pH value is 6.5～8.5, and total nitrogen is 150mg/L, and total phosphorus is 15mg/L.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the middle heap position of stacking mixture and forming of described step (2) is more than or equal to 10 cubic metres, and height is at 1～3 meter.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, behind the organic fertilizer fermentation maturity, it contains flora quantity and surpasses 500,000,000/gram in the described step (3).
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, organic fertilizer fermentation total time is 7～15 days in described step (2) and (3).
6. the bio-organic fertilizer for preparing according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1 to 5.
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| CN1368487A (en) * | 2001-02-01 | 2002-09-11 | 张显军 | Formula and process for preparing efficient biological organic (or semi-organic) fertilizer |
| CN1287661C (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-12-06 | 徐冰珍 | Harmless resource processing and utilizing technology for bird and livestock feces |
| CN100503484C (en) * | 2007-01-29 | 2009-06-24 | 同济大学 | Method of preparing biological activity water by fecaluria of livestock and poultry and application thereof |
| CN101747118A (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2010-06-23 | 郭跃进 | Water retention fertilizer and method for producing same |
| CN101875571B (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2013-06-26 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for preparing enhanced liquid microbial organic fertilizer |
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