CN102210262B - High-efficiency pea cross breeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency pea cross breeding method. The high-efficiency pea cross breeding method comprises the following steps of: (1) performing castration, namely selecting a bud to bloom from a female parent plant, holding the torus lightly with the hand, clamping the position 3.5 to 4.5 cm away from the top of vexil and the connecting position of the vexil and the torus by using forceps, and clamping and pulling out petals, wherein the included angle of the forceps and the bud back line is 40 degrees; (2) performing pollination, namely selecting a male patent flower with pollen to be scattered or scattered just now, taking out pollen grains to place into a culture dish, clamping the pollen grains scattered just now by using the forceps, and coating the pollen on the tomentum of an exposed stigma of the female parent flower; (3) fastening a label; and (4) pruning. By the method, all the petals are pulled out at one step by the forceps, so the castration speed is high and the castration is performed completely; the stigma is not damaged; the working efficiency is three times higher than that of the traditional method and two times higher than that of a Suzongan method; success rate of hybrid fructification is increased by 33 percent compared with that of the traditional method and is increased by 13 percent compared with that of the Sizongan method; and the occurrence probability of descendant pseudo hybrid is 0.

Description

Efficient pea cross breeding method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of pea cross breeding method.

Background technology

Pea belongs to strict self pollination crop, usually little the flowers are in blossom put before, flower pesticide has ftractureed and has accomplished the self-pollination process.In pea crossbreeding process, castration is one of important step of pea hybridization.The classical way of pea hybridization at present is; After selected suitable hybridization is spent; Behind strip off vexil, ala and the keel 10 pollen grains are taken out one by one respectively with tweezers, take then on pistil stigma, to smear pollen, the traditional pea that after the pollination bud is restored is castrated cross method.It is low that this method is castrated hybridization efficiency, and cause easily castration not thoroughly, castrate and be prone to hinder consequence such as maternal column cap during pollination, cause the hybridization failure.The Zong An of Soviet Union in 2007 etc. disclose a kind of new method of pea crossbreeding, after selected suitable hybridization is spent, push vexil, ala aside; Withstand on carinal base portion with thumb then; Gently clamp keel with forefinger, middle finger again, the back ejects the column cap that wraps in bud the inside gently with thumb, after the pollen of male parent is in time smeared in the above; Loosing one's grip lets its column cap be withdrawn into the keel the inside again, recovers the shape of maternal bud gently.The benefit of this method is that pollination is more or less freely, can not injure maternal column cap, but because this method is not castrated operation to flower of female parent, it is higher that the probability of false hybrid appears in filial generation.

Summary of the invention

To the above-mentioned weak point that exists in the prior art, the invention provides and improve pea crossbreeding operating efficiency, and the efficient pea cross breeding method of false hybrid can not appear in filial generation.

The present invention is to provide a kind of efficient pea cross breeding method, this method comprises the steps:

(1) castrates: carry out in the random time section after the dew evaporation by day; Choose the maternal plant of healthy growth; Select again above the plant to be about to open bud at this, hold up colored honor, be a side of semicircular arc from vexil with have gentle hands; Clamp position and vexil and flower honor junction with tweezers apart from 3.5～4.5mm place, vexil top; Tweezers are about 40 degree with the angle of flower lineback, then petal are clamped gently and are all extracted, and castrate and finish;

(2) pollination: castrate back pollination on the same day or pollination every other day; Pollination time is controlled at 12～16 points, and temperature is controlled at 15～20 degrees centigrade; Select soon loose powder or the just male parent flower of loose powder; Pollen grain is taken out and put into clean culture dish, be lower than 14 degrees centigrade as if outdoor temperature, pollen grain is difficult for loose powder; The method scene of then adopting the hot-water bag heating is to being equipped with the culture dish heating of pollen grain; The temperature of hot-water bag is 30～35 degrees centigrade, is controlled at heat time heating time 4.5～5.5 minutes, splits and sheds pollen until the pollen grain with vigor; The pollen grain of loose powder is just pressed from both sides out with tweezers, the pollen flower of female parent that is applied in is gently exposed on the fine hair of column cap, pollination finishes;

(3) cover board: on next joint position of the flower of the hybridization after the pollination, put label, write male parent, female parent on the label exactly, and the time of record hybridization;

(4) training: the cover bridge queen, all flowers except that the hybridization flower on the branch of doing hybridization are all removed, remove the shoot tip meristem of this branch simultaneously.

Compared with prior art, efficient pea cross breeding method of the present invention has following advantage:

1, efficient pea cross breeding method of the present invention can once be pulled out petal and reach and castrate successfully, reason be since pea before blooming, ten flower pesticide all wrap in the keel; Filigree is very tender and crisp again; So,, just can ten flower pesticide all be taken out of as long as keel are extracted;

2, this efficient pea cross breeding method operating efficiency exceeds more than 3 times than conventional method; Exceed more than 2 times than the ancestor of Soviet Union peace method, the cross-fertile success rate improves 33% than conventional method, improves 13% than the ancestor of Soviet Union peace method; And the probability that offspring's false hybrid occurs is 0; Reason is to adopt pea hybridization new method with tweezers petal to be clamped once all to extract, and the speed of castrating when carrying out pea hybridization is fast, castrate thoroughly, can not damage column cap; The stigma appearing of flower of female parent is convenient to pollination; After the castration, maternal flower does not have petal and flower pesticide, does not lure insects such as honeybee, thrips, is not prone to false hybrid.Therefore operating efficiency and cross-fertile success rate all are higher than conventional method and the ancestor of Soviet Union peace method.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 castrates preceding structural representation for pea;

The structural representation that Fig. 2 castrates for pea;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of pea after castrating.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done to describe in further detail.

Efficient pea cross breeding method, this method comprises the steps:

(1) castrates (like Fig. 1, shown in 2): carry out in the random time section after the dew evaporation by day; Choose the maternal plant of healthy growth; Select again above the plant to be about to open bud at this, hold up colored honor, be a side of semicircular arc from vexil with have gentle hands; Clamp position and vexil and flower honor junction with tweezers apart from 3.5～4.5mm place, vexil top; Tweezers are 40 degree with the angle of flower lineback, then petal are clamped gently and are all extracted, and castrate and finish (promptly castrating successfully).

(2) pollination: castrate back (as shown in Figure 3), pollination on the same day or pollination every other day; Pollination time is controlled at 12～16 points (the higher time period of temperature carries out in promptly a day), and temperature is controlled at 15～20 degrees centigrade; Select soon loose powder or the just male parent flower of loose powder; Pollen grain is taken out and put into clean culture dish, be lower than 14 degrees centigrade as if outdoor temperature, pollen grain is difficult for loose powder; The method scene of then adopting the hot-water bag heating is to being equipped with the culture dish heating of pollen grain; The temperature of hot-water bag is 30～35 degrees centigrade, is controlled at heat time heating time 4.5～5.5 minutes, splits and sheds pollen until the pollen grain with vigor; The pollen grain of loose powder is just pressed from both sides out with tweezers, the pollen flower of female parent that is applied in is gently exposed on the fine hair of column cap, pollination finishes (promptly pollinating successfully).

(3) cover board: on next joint position of the flower of the hybridization after the pollination, put label, write male parent, female parent on the label exactly, and the time of record hybridization.

(4) training: the cover bridge queen, all flowers except that the hybridization flower on the branch of doing hybridization are all removed, remove the shoot tip meristem of this branch simultaneously.

With the contrast that makes an experiment of efficient pea cross breeding method of the present invention and people's such as traditional pea cross breeding method and Su Zongan pea cross breeding method, result of the test is as shown in the table:

Cross method	Per hour castrate number (piece)	Pollination time (hour)	Per hour hybridization spend the number (piece)	Operating efficiency	Seat pod number (individual)	Cross-fertile success rate (%)	The probability (%) that offspring's false hybrid occurs
								The conventional hybridization method	47.86	0.84	56.97	1	35.32	62.00	3.64
The ancestor of Soviet Union peace method	—	—	67.43	1.18	55.36	82.10	15.92
								Cross breeding method of the present invention	142.23	0.80	177.78	3.12	169.18	95.16	0

This efficient pea cross breeding method can once be pulled out petal and reach and castrate successfully, reason be since pea before blooming, ten flower pesticide all wrap in the keel; Filigree is very tender and crisp again; So,, just can ten flower pesticide all be taken out of as long as keel are extracted.This pea hybridization new method operating efficiency exceeds more than 3 times than conventional method; Exceed more than 2 times than the ancestor of Soviet Union peace method, the cross-fertile success rate improves 33% than conventional method, improves 13% than the ancestor of Soviet Union peace method; And the probability that offspring's false hybrid occurs is 0; Reason is to adopt efficient pea cross breeding method with tweezers petal to be clamped once all to extract, and the speed of castrating when carrying out pea hybridization is fast, castrate thoroughly, can not damage column cap; The stigma appearing of flower of female parent is convenient to pollination; After the castration, maternal flower does not have petal and flower pesticide, does not lure insects such as honeybee, thrips, false hybrid can not occur.Therefore operating efficiency and cross-fertile success rate all are higher than conventional method and the ancestor of Soviet Union peace method.

Explanation is at last; Above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention is specified, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention; And not breaking away from the aim and the scope of technical scheme of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1.. an efficient pea cross breeding method is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:

(1) castrates: carry out in the random time section after the dew evaporation by day; Choose the maternal plant of healthy growth; Select again above the plant to be about to open bud at this, hold up colored honor, be a side of semicircular arc from vexil with have gentle hands; Clamp position and vexil and flower honor junction with tweezers apart from 3.5～4.5mm place, vexil top; Tweezers are 40 degree with the angle of flower lineback, then petal are clamped gently and are all extracted, and castrate and finish;

(2) pollination: castrate back pollination on the same day or pollination every other day; Pollination time is controlled at 12～16 points, and temperature is controlled at 15～20 degrees centigrade; Select soon loose powder or the just male parent flower of loose powder; Pollen grain is taken out and put into clean culture dish, be lower than 14 degrees centigrade as if outdoor temperature, pollen grain is difficult for loose powder; The method scene of then adopting the hot-water bag heating is to being equipped with the culture dish heating of pollen grain; The temperature of hot-water bag is 30～35 degrees centigrade, is controlled at heat time heating time 4.5～5.5 minutes, splits and sheds pollen until the pollen grain with vigor; The pollen grain of loose powder is just pressed from both sides out with tweezers, pollen is applied in flower of female parent lightly exposes on the fine hair of column cap, pollination finishes;

(3) cover board: on next joint position of the flower of the hybridization after the pollination, put label, write male parent, female parent on the label exactly, and the time of record hybridization;

(4) training: the cover bridge queen, all flowers except that the hybridization flower on the branch of doing hybridization are all removed, remove the shoot tip meristem of this branch simultaneously.

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