CN109105254A - A method of improving soybean hybridization efficiency - Google Patents
A method of improving soybean hybridization efficiency Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109105254A CN109105254A CN201811113999.5A CN201811113999A CN109105254A CN 109105254 A CN109105254 A CN 109105254A CN 201811113999 A CN201811113999 A CN 201811113999A CN 109105254 A CN109105254 A CN 109105254A
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- Prior art keywords
- flower
- anther
- hybridization efficiency
- male parent
- bud
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
Abstract
A method of soybean hybridization efficiency being improved, the present invention relates to a kind of methods for improving soybean hybridization efficiency.The purpose of the present invention is to solve cause gynoecium to damage due to removing maternal stamen in conventional hybridization breeding and then influence hybridization survival rate and the low problem of breeding efficiency, it is a kind of method combined using maternal whole emasculation, not emasculation or half emasculation, passes through the stringent new method selected and improve hybridization survival rate to test period, the strict control of weather of paternal pollen.For the present invention compared with the single emasculation or not emasculation hybridizing method that generally use at present, survival rate can be improved 30~40%.The present invention is applied to crop technical field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for improving soybean hybridization efficiency.
Background technique
Soybean nutritional value is the food source of ideals of human being comprehensively, is that good protein feed and certain light industrys produce
The important source material of product.Meanwhile soybean is good crops for rotation, is indispensable in reasonable shift of crops, cultivating system.Plantation is big
Beans can reduce the investment of pesticide, chemical fertilizer, have a very important significance to environmental protection.
In the past 20 years, to have the kind close to 93% to pass through in more than 140 soybean varieties of China's Crop breed audit miscellaneous
The method for handing over breeding is educated, and therefore, crossbreeding is the very effective means of soybean breeder.However soybean is that self-pollination is made
Object, spend it is small, carry out artificial hybridization survival rate it is low, be typically only 30-40%.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve in conventional hybridization breeding due to remove maternal stamen and cause gynoecium damage into
And hybridization survival rate and the low problem of breeding efficiency are influenced, provide a kind of method for improving soybean hybridization efficiency.
A kind of method for improving soybean hybridization efficiency of the present invention, carries out according to the following steps:
One, optimize the selection of female parent material
Healthy and strong plant is chosen, using the bud of plant stem middle and upper part section as flower of female parent；
Two, optimize the selection of male parent material
The selection of male parent flower: the sepal of male parent has already turned on, and petal does not fully open, removes calyx piece after taking male parent
Top and petal, and after peeling off fossil fragments, there is pollen to be scattered on anther, pollen color is used as male parent flower in faint yellow；
Three, it pollinates
Under conditions of temperature is 25 DEG C~28 DEG C, relative humidity is 80%, when fine day morning 6-10, pollinates, specifically
Pollinating method are as follows: acquire pollen when the morning six, 7 when starts to pollinate in flower of female parent, first rejects extra bud, then uses tweezers
Calyx is torn, pulls out petal upwards；
Whether if anther is pulled out together, it is intact to observe column cap, intact, continues to pollinate, and column cap damages then removal should
Flower；
If anther is not drawn out, and column cap is less than 1mm with the monomer anther distance of underface and does not contact, then will with tweezers
Anther is to setting aside from then pollinating；The flower is removed if column cap has been contacted with the monomer anther of underface；If column cap and flower
Medicine distance is greater than 1mm, then does not remove stamen, continue to pollinate；
The male parent flower of acquisition is adhered into maternal chapiter when wherein pollinating, then puts surely, male parent flower is avoided to fall off；Then into
Row field management harvests in time, that is, completes the method for improving soybean hybridization efficiency.
The present invention is by carrying out reasonable control to environmental condition, e.g., the selection to hybridization weather, directly affect pollination at
Power；Pod rate etc. is sat to improve hybridization to the monitoring of field moisture content.Meanwhile using maternal whole emasculation, not emasculation or half emasculation
Method it is not clean due to removing maternal stamen in conventional hybridization breeding to improve, then carry out second of emasculation and increase gynoecium damage
Probability and then influence hybridization survival rate and the low status of breeding efficiency.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: to improve crossbreeding efficiency as target, on the basis by verifying repeatedly for many years
On, by optimizing the selection of Parent material, the correction of operation technique and scheme, is tested by many years, it is high to form a set of soybean
Hybridization technique is imitated, for the technology compared with the single emasculation or not emasculation hybridizing method that generally use at present, average survival is reachable
To 70~80%.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1: a kind of method for improving soybean hybridization efficiency of present embodiment, is to carry out according to the following steps
:
One, optimize the selection of female parent material
Healthy and strong plant is chosen, using the bud of plant stem middle and upper part section as flower of female parent；
Two, optimize the selection of male parent material
The selection of male parent flower: the sepal of male parent has already turned on, and petal does not fully open, removes calyx piece after taking male parent
Top and petal, and after peeling off fossil fragments, there is pollen to be scattered on anther, pollen color is used as male parent flower in faint yellow；
Three, it pollinates
Under conditions of temperature is 25 DEG C~28 DEG C, relative humidity is 80%, when fine day morning 6-10, pollinates, specifically
Pollinating method are as follows: acquire pollen when the morning six, 7 when starts to pollinate in flower of female parent, first rejects extra bud, then uses tweezers
Calyx is torn, pulls out petal upwards；
Whether if anther is pulled out (whole emasculation) together, it is intact to observe column cap, intact, continues to pollinate, column cap damages
Then remove the flower；
If anther is not drawn out, and column cap is less than 1mm with the monomer anther distance of underface and does not contact, then will with tweezers
Anther is to setting aside from then pollinating；The flower (half emasculation) is removed if column cap has been contacted with the monomer anther of underface；If
Column cap and anther distance are greater than 1mm, then do not go stamen (not emasculation), continue to pollinate；
The male parent flower of acquisition is adhered into maternal chapiter when wherein pollinating, then puts surely, male parent flower is avoided to fall off；Then into
Row field management harvests in time, that is, completes the method for improving soybean hybridization efficiency.
Male parent sepal need not completely remove in present embodiment, and the fine hair on base portion sepal facilitates reinforcing when pollination, prevent
Anti-avulsion is fallen.Tweezers should be wiped when switching other parental combinations with alcohol swab, inactivate the pollen on tweezers.It will be after the completion of pollination
Label is hung up on combined soybean plant strain indicates Parent, number, pollination date, the information such as hybridization personnel, after pollination 4~5 days
It checks whether and survives, the anthocaulus not survived is fallen off immediately with the light boron of tweezers, and color difference is obvious.It checks simultaneously and rejects new length
Bud out.
Present embodiment is by carrying out reasonable control to environmental condition, and e.g., the selection to hybridization weather directly affects pollination
Success rate；Pod rate etc. is sat to improve hybridization to the monitoring of field moisture content.Meanwhile using maternal whole emasculation, not emasculation or half
The method of emasculation is not clean due to removing maternal stamen in conventional hybridization breeding to improve, then carries out second of emasculation and increase gynoecium
Damage probability and then influence hybridization survival rate and the low status of breeding efficiency.
The beneficial effect of present embodiment is: to improve crossbreeding efficiency as target, what is verified repeatedly by many years
On the basis of, by optimizing the selection of Parent material, the correction of operation technique and scheme, tests, formed a set of big by many years
The efficient hybridization technique of beans, the technology is compared with the single emasculation or not emasculation hybridizing method that generally use at present, average survival
It can reach 70~80%.
Specific embodiment 2: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: selected female parent in step 1
The bud of each section is less than 3.It is other same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 3: the present embodiment is different from the first and the second embodiment in that: female parent selection it is full and
The bud that do not bloom.It is other the same as one or two specific embodiments.
Specific embodiment 4: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three: in step 3
It pollinates when maternal full-bloom stage.It is other identical as one of specific embodiment one to three.
Specific embodiment 5: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to four: being adopted in step 3
Collect the method for pollen are as follows: nipped off and taken in bud bottom with point mouth tweezers.It is other identical as one of specific embodiment one to four.
Specific embodiment 6: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to five: pollination 4~5 days
After check whether and survive, while rejecting the bud newly grown.It is other identical as one of specific embodiment one to five.
Specific embodiment 7: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to six: field management are as follows:
It weeds with a hoe, drought fills flood row, to guarantee moisture supply at the florescence, prevent and treat pest and disease damage in time, suitably supplement foliar fertilizer.Other and tool
One of body embodiment one to six is identical.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are verified by following embodiment:
Test 1: a method of soybean hybridization efficiency is improved, is carried out according to the following steps:
One, optimize the selection of female parent material
Healthy and strong plant is chosen, using the bud of plant stem middle and upper part section as flower of female parent；
Two, optimize the selection of male parent material
The selection of male parent flower: the sepal of male parent has already turned on, and petal does not fully open, removes calyx piece after taking male parent
Top and petal, and after peeling off fossil fragments, there is pollen to be scattered on anther, pollen color is used as male parent flower in faint yellow；
Three, it pollinates
Under conditions of temperature is 25 DEG C~28 DEG C, relative humidity is 80%, when fine day morning 6-10, pollinates, specifically
Pollinating method are as follows: acquire pollen when the morning six, 7 when starts to pollinate on female parent, first rejects extra bud, is then torn with tweezers
It blooms calyx, pulls out petal upwards, observe and whether contacted between the developmental state and column cap and anther of column cap；
Whether if anther is pulled out (whole emasculation) together, it is intact to observe column cap, intact, continues to pollinate, column cap damages
Then remove the flower；
If anther is not drawn out, and column cap is less than 1mm with the monomer anther distance of underface and does not contact, then will with tweezers
Anther is to setting aside from then pollinating；The flower (half emasculation) is removed if column cap has been contacted with the monomer anther of underface；If
Column cap and anther distance are greater than 1mm, then do not go stamen (not emasculation), continue to pollinate；
The male parent flower of acquisition is adhered into maternal chapiter when wherein pollinating, then puts surely, male parent flower is avoided to fall off；Then into
Row field management harvests in time, that is, completes the method for improving soybean hybridization efficiency.
Field management is fine, weeds with a hoe, and drought fills flood row, especially to guarantee moisture supply at the florescence, more to prevent in time
It cures the disease insect pest, foliar fertilizer can be suitably supplemented when soil fertility condition is poor.Harvest should in time, and mature one just by it with small envelope
It installs and takes back, and make a record, threshing, arrangement and storage are concentrated after drying.
It is 70~80% that the present embodiment, which hybridizes average survival,
To compare, if other conditions are the same, it is cross-breeding by the way of removing maternal stamen,
Hybridizing average survival is 40%.It follows that survival rate can be improved 30~40% by the method using the present embodiment.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for improving soybean hybridization efficiency, it is characterised in that the method for improving soybean hybridization efficiency is according to the following steps
It carries out:
One, optimize the selection of female parent material
Healthy and strong plant is chosen, using the bud of plant stem middle and upper part section as flower of female parent；
Two, optimize the selection of male parent material
The selection of male parent flower: the sepal of male parent has already turned on, and petal does not fully open, takes the top of removal calyx piece after male parent
Portion and petal, and after peeling off fossil fragments, have pollen to be scattered on anther, pollen color is used as male parent flower in faint yellow；
Three, it pollinates
Under conditions of temperature is 25 DEG C~28 DEG C, relative humidity is 80%, when fine day morning 6-10, pollinates, specific to pollinate
Method are as follows: acquire pollen when the morning six, 7 when starts to pollinate in flower of female parent, first rejects extra bud, is then torn with tweezers
Calyx pulls out petal upwards；
Whether if anther is pulled out together, it is intact to observe column cap, intact, continues to pollinate, column cap damages, and removes the flower；
If anther is not drawn out, and the monomer anther distance of column cap and underface is less than 1mm and does not contact, then with tweezers by anther
To setting aside from then pollinating；The flower is removed if column cap has been contacted with the monomer anther of underface；If column cap and anther away from
From 1mm is greater than, then stamen is not removed, continues to pollinate；
The male parent flower of acquisition is adhered into maternal chapiter when wherein pollinating, then puts surely, male parent flower is avoided to fall off；Then field is carried out
Between manage, in time harvest, that is, complete improve soybean hybridization efficiency method.
2. a kind of method for improving soybean hybridization efficiency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that selected mother in step 1
The bud of this each section is less than 3.
3. a kind of method for improving soybean hybridization efficiency according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that female parent selection is full
And the bud that do not bloom.
4. a kind of method for improving soybean hybridization efficiency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in female parent in step 3
It pollinates when full-bloom stage.
5. a kind of method for improving soybean hybridization efficiency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that acquire flower in step 3
The method of powder are as follows: nipped off and taken in bud bottom with point mouth tweezers.
6. a kind of method for improving soybean hybridization efficiency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that pollination is examined after 4~5 days
It looks into and whether survives, while rejecting the bud newly grown.
7. a kind of method for improving soybean hybridization efficiency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that field management are as follows: loosen the soil
Weeding, drought fill flood row, to guarantee moisture supply at the florescence, prevent and treat pest and disease damage in time, suitably supplement foliar fertilizer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811113999.5A CN109105254A (en) | 2018-09-25 | 2018-09-25 | A method of improving soybean hybridization efficiency |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811113999.5A CN109105254A (en) | 2018-09-25 | 2018-09-25 | A method of improving soybean hybridization efficiency |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109105254A true CN109105254A (en) | 2019-01-01 |
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| CN201811113999.5A Pending CN109105254A (en) | 2018-09-25 | 2018-09-25 | A method of improving soybean hybridization efficiency |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102210262A (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2011-10-12 | 重庆市农业科学院 | High-efficiency pea cross breeding method |
| CN103210841A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-07-24 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | Method for hybridizing soybeans in tropical regions |
| CN104082126A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-10-08 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Soybean sexual hybridization method |
| CN106035055A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-26 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Hybridization method for vigna radiata |
-
2018
- 2018-09-25 CN CN201811113999.5A patent/CN109105254A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102210262A (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2011-10-12 | 重庆市农业科学院 | High-efficiency pea cross breeding method |
| CN103210841A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-07-24 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | Method for hybridizing soybeans in tropical regions |
| CN104082126A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-10-08 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Soybean sexual hybridization method |
| CN106035055A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-26 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Hybridization method for vigna radiata |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 卢广远等: "大豆整体去雄杂交技术", 《大豆科技》 * |
| 李建华等: "大豆杂交方法介绍", 《大豆科技》 * |
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Application publication date: 20190101 |